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Hacisalihoglu, Gokhan, Uwe Hilgert, E. Bruce Nash, and David A. Micklos. "An Innovative Plant Genomics and Gene Annotation Program for High School, Community College, and University Faculty." CBE—Life Sciences Education 7, no. 3 (2008): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.07-08-0061.
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Today's biology educators face the challenge of training their students in modern molecular biology techniques including genomics and bioinformatics. The Dolan DNA Learning Center (DNALC) of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has developed and disseminated a bench- and computer-based plant genomics curriculum for biology faculty. In 2007, a five-day “Plant Genomics and Gene Annotation” workshop was held at Florida A&M University in Tallahassee, FL, to enhance participants' knowledge and understanding of plant molecular genetics and assist them in developing and honing their laboratory and computer skills. Florida A&M University is a historically black university with over 95% African-American student enrollment. Sixteen participants, including high school (56%) and community college faculty (25%), attended the workshop. Participants carried out in vitro and in silico experiments with maize, Arabidopsis, soybean, and food products to determine the genotype of the samples. Benefits of the workshop included increased awareness of plant biology research for high school and college level students. Participants completed pre- and postworkshop evaluations for the measurement of effectiveness. Participants demonstrated an overall improvement in their postworkshop evaluation scores. This article provides a detailed description of workshop activities, as well as assessment and long-term support for broad classroom implementation.
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Proctor, Sherrie L., Afshan Nasir, Tossea Wilson, Kathrynne Li, and Paola Castrillon. "Retention and persistence of African-American students in school psychology programs." Psychology in the Schools 55, no. 5 (2018): 506–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pits.22124.
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Prater, Loretta Pinkard. "Early Pregnancy and Academic Achievement of African-American Youth." Exceptional Children 59, no. 2 (1992): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440299205900207.
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Competing demands of school and home can thrust adolescent mothers into stressful situations. Meeting the requirements to achieve academically can be a challenge, especially for students previously identified as “slow learners.” These students may conclude that academic achievement is an impossibility. How can special educators and service providers help? What environmental variables affect these young mothers' learning capabilities ? This study used a case study research approach to study 10 African-American adolescent mothers who were already at risk of dropping out of school programs. Successful strategies to keep these students in school include school-based clinics, teacher training, sex education, and school-community support.
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Williams, Keith B. "Perceptions of Social Support in Doctoral Programs among Minority Students." Psychological Reports 86, no. 3 (2000): 1003–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.3.1003.
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This study examined the perceptions of social support reported by 70 African-American, 44 Hispanic, 20 Native-American, and 69 Asian-American doctoral students ( N = 203) concerning their experiences in graduate school. The Doctoral Student Survey was used to measure the levels and types of social support provided. One-way analysis of variance of mean scores indicated that a majority of doctoral students perceived the academic environment on campus and faculty advisers to be strong sources of social support, while perceiving the social environment on campus as unsupportive of their progress. The African-American and Native-American doctoral students perceived the social environment on campus to be less supportive than did the Hispanic and Asian-American doctoral students, and Native-American doctoral students perceived their departments to be less supportive than did the African-American, Hispanic, and Asian-American doctoral students.
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Jordan, Diedria H., and Camille M. Wilson. "Supporting African American Student Success Through Prophetic Activism." Urban Education 52, no. 1 (2016): 91–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042085914566098.
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This article describes how African American students’ success can be improved via the increased support of Black churches and their partnerships with public schools. Findings and implications from a comparative case study of two North Carolina churches that strive to educationally assist African American public school students are detailed. Both churches have outreach programs in local schools, and their activities indicate the value of faith-based partnerships embodying “prophetic activism” that benefits broader communities and empowers African Americans overall. We draw upon the study’s findings to recommend partnership strategies for church and public educational leaders.
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Jones, Brandolyn E., Rebecca M. Bustamante, Pamela Gray, and Benita R. Brooks. "Exploring Cultural Responsiveness Among European American Principals in Rural Schools With High-Performing African American Readers." Journal of School Leadership 29, no. 2 (2019): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1052684619832155.
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A comparative case study approach was applied to explore the extent of cultural responsiveness of two European American principals working in two select rural elementary schools where African American students consistently scored high on reading achievement tests. Results suggested African American students’ high levels of reading performance in the rural school environments were influenced largely by synergistic systems of community integration, culturally relevant leadership practices, and teacher professional development. Recommendations for practicing rural principals, principal preparation programs, and educational researchers are shared.
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Matthew, Janice L., Anne K. Golin, Mary W. Moore, and Carol Baker. "Use of SOMPA in Identification of Gifted African-American Children." Journal for the Education of the Gifted 15, no. 4 (1992): 344–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016235329201500404.
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To increase the proportion of elementary minority students identified as gifted, the System of Multicultural Pluralistic Assessment (SOMPA) was employed with minority disadvantaged children in a large urban school district. A group of African-American students in second through fifth grades became eligible for gifted programming when their IQ scores were adjusted using SOMPA procedures. The performance of these SOMPA students on the Ross Test of Higher Cognitive Processes and other measures did not differ from that of a group of African-American gifted students who were identified on the basis of traditional criteria. There were also no significant differences between the groups in Ross subtest scores seven months later. The SOMPA procedures used to identify these gifted students may provide an alternative method to increase the proportion of minority students in gifted programs; particularly in states that use IQ cut-off scores for placement decisions.
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Cornell, Dewey G., Marcia A. B. Delcourt, Marc D. Goldberg, and Lori C. Bland. "Achievement and Self-Concept of Minority Students in Elementary School Gifted Programs." Journal for the Education of the Gifted 18, no. 2 (1995): 189–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016235329501800206.
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Despite considerable interest in the identification of minority students for gifted programs, few studies have investigated minority students actually selected for gifted programs. The present study reports on the standardized achievement scores and self-concept levels of African-American (N = 299), Hispanic (N = 52), and white (N = 595) elementary school students placed in gifted or regular school programs. Results indicate that minority students identified for gifted programs scored significantly higher on achievement measures than minority students placed in regular classrooms, although white gifted-program students scored significantly higher than both African-American and Hispanic gifted-program students. There were no minority-group differences in academic or social self-concept. Additional analyses suggested that the distinction between academic and social self-concept used with white students may not be applicable to minority students. This article challenges gifted education to address the conceptual problems and methodological difficulties in interpreting the meaning of standardized achievement test scores for minority students in gifted programs.
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Williams, Keith B. "Minority and Majority Students' Retrospective Perceptions of Social Support in Doctoral Programs." Perceptual and Motor Skills 95, no. 1 (2002): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.95.1.187.
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This study examined the perceptions of amount and types of social support reported by minority and majority doctoral students during graduate school. Analysis of responses from 803 White, 292 African-American, 179 Asian-American, 151 Hispanic, and 29 Native American doctoral students ( N = 1,454) using the Doctoral Student Survey showed that most doctoral students across groups were moderately satisfied with their programs and they perceived the academic environment and faculty advisors to be strong sources of social support. White doctoral students reported greater program satisfaction, more positive perceptions of the academic environment, and fewer program problems than African-American doctoral students, while the latter reported more negative perceptions of the social environment than the other group.
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Grey, Lorise. "The Impact of School-Based Mentoring on the Academic Achievement Gap." Professional School Counseling 23, no. 1 (2019): 2156759X1989025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156759x19890258.
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This study examined data from the Institute of Education Sciences’ evaluation of school-based mentoring (SBM) programs to establish a causal relationship between SBM and reduction of the academic achievement gap between African American and White middle school students. Participation in SBM improved the academic performance of all students. The findings demonstrated a sizable increase in African American students’ grade point average as a result of same-race mentoring. Implications for school counselors seeking to reduce the achievement gap are discussed.
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Macgowan, Mark J. "An Evaluation of a Dating Violence Prevention Program for Middle School Students." Violence and Victims 12, no. 3 (1997): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.12.3.223.
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A study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of a 5-session relationship violence prevention program involving a middle school of predominantly African-American students. A composite measure assessed changes in knowledge, attitudes, and methods of dealing with relationship violence. A pretest-posttest control group design was used. Results indicated that treatment group scores were significantly higher than control group scores at posttest (p < .001) and treatment group posttest scores were significantly higher than pretest scores (p < .001). There were significant differences in scores between regular-level students and those with a higher level of academic ability (advanced students). Within the treatment group, there was a level-by-gender interaction revealing that male advanced students made the highest gains. In examining specific items, improvements were made in knowledge about relationship violence and attitudes about nonphysical violence. No changes were seen in attitudes about physical violence or in methods of dealing with relationship violence.
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Obiakor, Festus E. "Self-Concept of African-American Students: An Operational Model for Special Education." Exceptional Children 59, no. 2 (1992): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440299205900209.
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African-American students who fail in school programs are presumed to have a “low” self-concept. However, this view fails to recognize self-concept as an observable, describable, situation-specific, and measurable phenomenon. In addition, it ignores the cultural biases and prejudices inherent in current self-concept assessment tools. In contrast, the operational model of self-concept, which defines self-descriptive behavior, permits identification of styles, strengths, and weaknesses in the areas of self-concept. The article explores methods for enhancing self-concepts of African-American students and accommodating multicultural perspectives.
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Westhoff, Wayne W., Robert J. McDermott, and Voula Harokopos. "Acquisition of High-Risk Behavior by African-American, Latino, and Caucasian Middle-School Students." Psychological Reports 79, no. 3 (1996): 787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.79.3.787.
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The purpose of this study was to measure the stages of acquisition of selected high-risk health behaviors in 768 randomly selected 7th- and 8th-graders in a Florida school district. Specific high-risk health behaviors included use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs, fighting and weapon carrying, and suicide ideation. Analysis indicated few behaviors that were significantly different when African-American and Lad-no students were compared with Caucasian students. The most weapon carrying was reported by Latinos. Fewer Caucasian students than their minority peers used inhalants. Knowledge of stages of acquisition among small diverse samples may assist school personnel to intervene during tine inculcation process with appropriate responsive programs.
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Rowser, Jacquelien Frazier, and Trish Yourst Koontz. "Inclusion of African American Students in Mathematics Classrooms: Issues of Style, Curriculum, and Expectations." Mathematics Teacher 88, no. 6 (1995): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.88.6.0448.
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Recently we had the pleasure of observing high school mathematics classrooms in which teachers were demonstrating effective teaching strategies that they had learned at in-service sessions sponsored by the Eisenhower and National Science Foundation (NSF) programs. Unfortunately, we also noticed a distinct lack of African American students in the advanced mathematics classes. In most of the schools, Aftican American students made up 10 to 30 percent of the enrollment, but seldom was more than one African American student enrolled in the advanced mathematics classes.
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Vega, Desireé, and James L. Moore III. "Access to gifted education among African-American and Latino males." Journal for Multicultural Education 12, no. 3 (2018): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jme-01-2017-0006.
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Purpose Across the nation, African-American and Latino males have experienced limited access to placement in gifted education programs. This paper aims to pinpoint and describe the factors that frequently influence access to gifted education programming among African-American and Latino males. Design/methodology/approach African-American and Latino males are persistently underrepresented in gifted education for reasons such as teachers’ narrow conceptions of giftedness, teachers’ bias in the nomination process and teachers’ inappropriate usage and interpretation of intelligence measures. When these students qualify for such services, they often experience feelings of isolation and loneliness due to scarce representation of other African-American and Latino male students. A review of extant literature was conducted to identify factors that influence access to gifted education programming among African-American and Latino males. Findings African-American and Latino males encounter roadblocks in being identified for gifted placement and many also experience implicit biases and stereotypical beliefs about their ability. The need for culturally competent professionals is critical to meet the academic and social-emotional needs of gifted African-American and Latino males. Practical implications Recommendations for school psychologists and school counselors are offered to support the needs of gifted African-American and Latino males, assist in increasing their identification and participation in gifted education, and promote academic success. Originality/value There is an urgent need for research on access and placement in gifted programming among African-American and Latino males. Moreover, the role of school psychologists and school counselors should be considered in facilitation of gifted identification and placement.
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Clark, Trenette T., and Anh B. Nguyen. "Family Factors and Mediators of Substance Use Among African American Adolescents." Journal of Drug Issues 42, no. 4 (2012): 358–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042612461770.
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This study uses a sample of 424 African American 8th- and 12th-grade students (mean age = 16.55; 65.1% girls) in the United States to examine how family protective factors explain cultural and school protective factors that prevent substance use. Questionnaires were administered between 2007 and 2009. Using structural equation modeling, results indicated that cultural and school factors partially mediated the relationship between family factors and lifetime substance use. School factors fully mediated the relationship between cultural factors and lifetime substance use. The findings suggest that parents promote cultural attributes, which in turn promotes school achievement, and in turn contributes to lower substance use. Limitations of the study, and implications for future research and prevention programs are discussed.
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Harry, Beth, Norma Allen, and Margaret McLaughlin. "Communication versus Compliance: African-American Parents' Involvement in Special Education." Exceptional Children 61, no. 4 (1995): 364–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440299506100405.
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A longitudinal, 3-year study investigated the participation of African-American parents of 24 preschoolers in special education programs in a large urban school district. Data were collected through ethnographic interviews with parents and professionals, observations of conferences, and examination of students' documents. Despite current perceptions of low levels of participation by African-American parents, the data show consistent initial efforts by families to support their children's schooling, eventually giving way to disillusionment with the separations created by special education placements and the lack of avenues for parental influence. The article explores ways for professionals to move from preoccupation with compliance to true communication.
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Knapp, Megan B., Megan T. Hall, Adrienne R. Mundorf, Kerrie L. Partridge, and Carolyn C. Johnson. "Perceptions of School-Based Kitchen Garden Programs in Low-Income, African American Communities." Health Promotion Practice 20, no. 5 (2018): 667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839918782157.
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Introduction. While school-based kitchen garden programs are shown to improve fruit and vegetable consumption and knowledge among children, there has been little research on participant perceptions of these programs, specifically among minority populations that are disproportionately affected by and at high risk for overweight and obesity. This qualitative study examined the perceptions of and values associated with participation in school-based kitchen garden programs implemented through Edible Schoolyard New Orleans in low-income, predominantly African American schools in New Orleans, Louisiana. Method. Qualitative data were collected through semistructured focus group discussions with key stakeholder groups at schools offering Edible Schoolyard New Orleans. Results. A total of 10 focus groups were conducted across 4 middle schools with students ( n = 27), parents ( n = 17), and teachers ( n = 17). Four primary themes emerged during data analysis: development of life skills, food and health, family and community, and experiential and participatory learning. Conclusions. To strengthen the sustainability and potential impact of school-based kitchen garden programs, future intervention strategies should place specific emphasis on the themes that emerged from this study. School-based kitchen garden programs may be a promising strategy to positively influence the individual, social, and physical environmental factors that contribute to overweight and obesity in low-income, African American communities.
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(&, Olatokunbo; quot, Toks& quot, ). Fashola, and Robert Cooper. "Developing the Academic Talents of African American Students during the Non-School Hours: Four Exemplary Programs." Journal of Negro Education 68, no. 2 (1999): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2668120.
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M. Hines, Erik, L. DiAnne Borders, Laura M. Gonzalez, José Villalba, and Alia Henderson. "Parental involvement in college planning." Journal for Multicultural Education 8, no. 4 (2014): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jme-06-2014-0025.
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Purpose – The purpose of this article was to describe Hossler and Gallagher’s (1987) college choice model and emphasize the predisposition phase of the model as the starting point for school counselors’ efforts to help African American parents foster their children’s college planning in the college choice process. Design/methodology/approach – The authors wrote this manuscript as a conceptual approach to helping school counselors work with African American parents in their children’s college planning process by including two case studies as examples. Findings – This is a conceptual article. Practical implications – School counselors should be culturally competent and aware of how African Americans rear their children to help them successfully navigate college planning. For example, school counselors can learn about and share information with families about colleges that have support programs assisting African American students toward college completion. Originality/value – This paper is important to the field of education as it contributes to the literature regarding how school counselors can assist students in becoming college and career ready by working with their parents using a college choice model.
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Hoelscher, Deanna M., Cristina Barroso, Andrew Springer, Brian Castrucci, and Steven H. Kelder. "Prevalence of Self-Reported Activity and Sedentary Behaviors Among 4th-, 8th-, and 11th-Grade Texas Public School Children: The School Physical Activity and Nutrition Study." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 6, no. 5 (2009): 535–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.6.5.535.
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Background:Few studies have compared physical activity (PA) and sedentary activity (SA) by grade and ethnicity, specifically including elementary school students. A cross-sectional probability-based design was used to provide data by ethnicity (African American, Hispanic, and White/Other), gender, and grade (4th, 8th, and 11th) from 2000 to 2002.Methods:Two validated questionnaires (elementary and secondary) assessed self-reported PA and SA. Point-prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals were computed.Results:Over 70% of students reported vigorous PA on ≥3 days/week, but <50% participated in daily physical education. A significant percentage (30% to 50%) of students reported ≥3 hours per day in SA. Fourth-grade boys and girls reported equal PA; however, 8th and 11th grade girls reported lowered vigorous PA. African American 8th- and 11th-grade boys reported the highest PA, but African American children also reported the highest prevalence of SA.Conclusions:Findings from this study highlight the disparities in physical and sedentary activities by gender, grade, and race/ethnicity, and the need to address these differences with programs and policy. In general, grade level and gender differences were more striking and consistent than racial/ethnic differences.
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Pires, Mark, Oumatie Marajh, and John Metzler. "Study Abroad in Africa: A Survey." African Issues 28, no. 1-2 (2000): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1548450500006776.
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The National Consortium for Study in Africa (NCSA), established in 1994 by the 15 Title VI National Resource Centers for African Language and Area Studies, with financial support from the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education, maintains as one of its primary goals the promotion of high-quality study-abroad programs in Africa for American students and faculty. Through its work, the NCSA hopes to enhance opportunities for a larger number of students to benefit from a study-abroad educational experience in an African setting. Special emphasis will be placed on increasing the participation of minority students who tend to be underrepresented in such programs.
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Lindsey, Robert, Eugene Sessoms, and Georgia Willis. "Impact of Campus Recreational Sports Facilities and Programs on Recruitment and Retention among African American Students: A Pilot Study." Recreational Sports Journal 33, no. 1 (2009): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/rsj.33.1.25.
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The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of campus recreational sports facilities and programs on student recruitment and retention among male and female African American students. A convenience sample of students from classes in the Department of Health and Human Performance at a small, southeastern, private, historically black college and university was used in the study. The instrument consisted of a modified version of the National Intramural-Recreational Sports Association's Quality and Importance of Recreational Services Survey. An independent samples t test was used to test for differences between gender and the recruitment and retention questions, alpha = .05. It was determined that 60% of the male students reported that the availability of recreational sports was important/very important in deciding to attend the college and 68% of the men reported that the availability of recreational sports was important/very important in deciding to continue attending the college. Men scored higher than women when it came to importance of the availability of recreational facilities and programs in deciding to attend the school, the importance of the availability of recreational facilities and programs in deciding to continue at the school, how important sports and fitness activities will be to them after graduation, and the total times per week they participate in active recreational sports pursuits. Although there are limitations to the study, the results provide further evidence that students report that the availability of recreational sports facilities and programs has an impact on both their decisions to attend and remain at an institution. This is a finding that can only serve to increase the practitioner's understanding of those who use such facilities and programs. More studies are needed to further examine the impact of campus recreational facilities and programs on African American students.
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Unroe, Taylor, Rosemary V. Barnett, and Caroline Payne-Purvis. "An Examination of Self-Esteem and Empowerment of African American Female Youth in an After School Program." Journal of Youth Development 11, no. 3 (2017): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2016.458.
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This study investigated self-esteem and empowerment in three African American female cohort groups in an after school program. A sample of 136 students in the after school program comprised the three one-year female and male cohort groups. For this study, 71 African American females in the female cohort groups were analyzed. Social Cognitive Theory and Resiliency Theory were used to explore factors potentially influencing self-esteem and empowerment of an at-risk African American female population, with the after school program serving as a protective factor. Participants completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Developmental Assets Profile (DAP), but only DAP empowerment items were analyzed. No significant differences were found in self-esteem levels for the three separate female cohort groups. However, evidence was found for a positive correlation between self-esteem and empowerment. Study conclusions identify implications for after school program staff as they identify needs and conduct youth programs accordingly.
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Wright, Brian L., Shelly L. Counsell, Ramon B. Goings, Hollee Freeman, and Felicia Peat. "Creating access and opportunity." Journal for Multicultural Education 10, no. 3 (2016): 384–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jme-01-2016-0003.
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Purpose Research often neglects the full continuum of the STEM pipeline in terms of underserved and underrepresented populations. African American males, in particular, experience limited access, opportunity, and preparation along STEM trajectories preK-12. The purpose of this paper is to challenge this gap by presenting examples of preK-12 programs that nurture and promote STEM development and learner outcomes for underrepresented populations. Design/methodology/approach A culturally responsive, asset-based approach emphasizes the importance of leveraging out-of-school practices that shape African-American males learning experiences. From a practitioner standpoint, the need to understand the importance of developing a STEM identity as a conduit to better improve STEM outcomes for African-American males is discussed. Findings To respond to the full continuum of the pipeline, the authors highlight the role of families and STEM programs that support African-American male students’ STEM identity development generally with an emphasis on how particular out-of-school programs (e.g. The Children’s Museum of Memphis [CMOM], MathScience Innovation Center [MSiC]) cultivate STEM trajectories. The authors conclude with how preK-12 settings can collaborate with local museums and other agencies to create opportunities for greater access and improve the quality of African-American males’ STEM preparation. Originality/value The intellectual value of our work lies in the fact that few studies have focused on the importance of examining the full continuum of the STEM pipeline with a particular emphasis on STEM development in early childhood (preK-3). Similarly, few studies have examined the role of identity construction and meaning-making practices as a conduit to better STEM outcomes for African-American males prek-12.
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Hill, Jerell B. "Culture and Conversation: Rethinking Brown v. Board of Education a Postponed Commitment to Educational Equality." Journal of Education and Learning 10, no. 2 (2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jel.v10n2p37.
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The Brown v. Board of Education (1954) decision was a significant change in social justice and human rights. There is ongoing debate about public education not as a private commodity but as a public good that must be made available on equal terms. Recently, schools are entering an era of second-generation segregation. Poor outcomes, language acquisition programs preventing access to college-readiness courses, and teacher quality are causes for concern. Research on second-generation segregation found that African-American children experience lower rates of academic achievement than their White peers. This was a case study analysis to investigate the impact of teacher preparation and culturally relevant practices related to educational opportunities. The results hold implications on misconceptions of educational improvements for Black children and identify the need to increase cultural responsiveness and an intentional focus on students&rsquo; assets and needs.
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Hesser, A., L. L. Cregler, and L. Lewis. "Predicting the admission into medical school of African American college students who have participated in summer academic enrichment programs." Academic Medicine 73, no. 2 (1998): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199802000-00018.
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Levy, Rachel A., Stefanie Salamon Hudson, Carolyn Null Waters, and Katherine Cumings Mansfield. "What’s in a Name? The Confluence of Confederate Symbolism and the Disparate Experiences of African American Students in a Central Virginia High School." Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership 20, no. 2 (2017): 105–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555458917692832.
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In 2015-2016, news stories from Charleston, South Carolina, and the University of Missouri, among others, motivated and inspired many people to organize against assaults on the Black community generally and Black students in particular. Similarly, Black students at Robert E. Lee High School in Virginia have come together around what they perceive as racist symbolism and inequitable educational policies and practices. The Black student leaders at Robert E. Lee High School have presented their school principal with a list of demands. Meanwhile, the school’s football and basketball teams, The Rebels, are threatening to go on strike until students’ demands are addressed. This case study could be used in educational leadership graduate programs as well as curriculum and instruction coursework, especially in courses that emphasize social justice and ethical decision making. Particularly relevant courses might include School-Community Relations, Organizational Culture, Politics of Education, Contemporary Issues in Education, Visionary Planning and Strategies, and Schools as Learning Communities. In addition, this case study aligns with Standards 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 of the Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium (ISLLC) Standards and can be integrated in leadership preparation programs accordingly. This case might also be used in school district–sponsored professional development workshops for current and/or aspiring administrators.
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Kelsey, Caroline, Janice Zeman, and Danielle Dallaire. "Emotion Correlates of Bullies, Victims, and Bully-Victims in African American Children." Journal of Black Psychology 43, no. 7 (2016): 688–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798416680719.
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Bullying is a pervasive and widely studied problem. Less is known about the emotion correlates that accompany being a bully, being a victim of bullying, and experiencing both bullying and victimization for African American elementary-school-age students. The current study examined differences in emotion dysregulation and internalizing symptoms (depression, anxiety) across levels of bullying and victimization. Children ( N = 336, Mage = 9.58 years, 42.3% boys, 100% African American) were recruited from two inner-city elementary schools and completed self- and peer-reports of bullying and self-reports of victimization, emotion dysregulation, and internalizing symptoms. Results indicated that emotion dysregulation and anxiety symptoms were predicted by an interaction between self-reported bullying and victimization. For children low in victimization, higher levels of self-reported bullying predicted an increase in emotion dysregulation and anxiety symptoms. However, for children high in victimization, bullying was not predictive of these outcomes. Depressive symptoms were predicted by self- and peer-reported bullying and self-reported victimization. Understanding underlying emotional correlates of bullying and victimization within this context have important implications for prevention programs.
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Matsui, John, Roger Liu, and Caroline M. Kane. "Evaluating a Science Diversity Program at UC Berkeley: More Questions Than Answers." Cell Biology Education 2, no. 2 (2003): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.02-10-0050.
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For the past three decades, much attention has been focused on developing diversity programs designed to improve the academic success of underrepresented minorities, primarily in mathematics, science, and engineering. However, ethnic minorities remain underrepresented in science majors and careers. Over the last 10 years, the Biology Scholars Program (BSP), a diversity program at the University of California (UC), Berkeley, has worked to increase the participation and success of students majoring in the biological sciences. A quantitative comparison of students in and out of the program indicates that students in BSP graduate with a degree in biology at significantly higher rates than students not in BSP regardless of race/ethnicity. Furthermore, students who are in BSP have statistically lower high school grade point averages (GPAs) and Scholastic Achievement Test (SAT) scores than students not in BSP. African-American and Hispanic students who join BSP graduate with significantly higher UC Berkeley biology GPAs than non-BSP African-American and Hispanic students, respectively. Majority (Asian and White) students in BSP graduate with statistically similar UC GPAs despite having lower SAT scores than non-BSP majority students. Although BSP students are more successful in completing a biology degree than non-program members, the results raise a series of questions about why the program works and for whom.
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Demmons, Derrick G., Colleen P. Crittenden, Mark Lee, Beth H. Shaz, Miriam Burnett, and Christopher D. Hillyer. "A Pilot Trial To Assess College Student’s Willingness To Donate Blood." Blood 110, no. 11 (2007): 4029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.4029.4029.
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Abstract Background: Nationally, African Americans are significantly underrepresented in community blood donation programs. The need to understand the willingness to donate blood among African Americans is essential. In this study, we explore factors that serve as motivators and barriers to blood donation identified by college students at two Historical Black Colleges/Universities (HBCUs). Methods: HBCU students at least 18 years of age were given the opportunity to complete a paper-based or on-line 41-item questionnaire to assess the participant’s demographic background, donation frequency, motivators and barriers toward donation, knowledge and beliefs regarding blood donation, and specific behavioral practices. No personal identifiers were used. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted to describe the sample. Results: 409 individuals completed the survey. 95% self-identified as African-American and 45% of college students reported previously donating blood. Student’s felt that incentives, personal requests to donate from blood centers, blood drives sponsored by campus organizations, and the university involvement in promoting blood drives were significant motivating factors for donating blood (p<.05). Significant barriers against blood donation included believing donation was too painful, fear of feeling faint, dizzy, or nauseated, losing valuable time from school or work, too time consuming, and fear of deferral (p<.05). Conclusions: College students are willing to donate blood based on convenience, accessibility, and support from their university. Campus-based recruitment methods geared towards students, specifically those of African American descent, may prove beneficial for increasing the general pool of African American blood donors. Significant relationships between barriers, motivators, and donor status Χ2 Sig. *p<.05 Barriers against blood donation Too painful 60.20 .000 Would feel faint, dizzy, or nauseated 42.15 .000 Will lose valuable time from school/work 16.82 .002 Previously been told not to donate 8.49 .004 Takes too long 37.41 .000 Motivators toward blood donation Incentive for donating 14.56 .006 Personal request to donate from blood center 10.15 .038 Blood drive sponsored by campus organization 26.29 .000 University involvement in promoting blood drives 5.36 .021
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Cruz, Rebecca A., Allison R. Firestone, and Janelle E. Rodl. "Disproportionality Reduction in Exclusionary School Discipline: A Best-Evidence Synthesis." Review of Educational Research 91, no. 3 (2021): 397–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0034654321995255.
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A full canon of empirical literature shows that students who are African American, Latinx, or American Indian/Alaskan Native, and students who are male, diagnosed with disabilities, or from low socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to experience exclusionary discipline practices in U.S. schools. Though there is a growing commitment to mitigating discipline disparities through alternative programming, it is clear that disproportionality in the application of harmful discipline practices persists. The purpose of this literature synthesis was to examine the effectiveness of empirically studied school-based interventions in reducing disproportionality in discipline practices. We analyzed articles that assessed both prevention and intervention program effects using at least one outcome variable representing exclusionary discipline, either in the form of office discipline referrals or suspension/expulsion rates. Included studies used experimental, quasi-experimental, or observational research designs that disaggregated student outcomes by race, ethnicity, gender, disability, or other sociodemographic categories. We identified 20 articles meeting inclusion criteria, four of which provided direct evidence of disproportionality reduction using interaction terms. Results indicate limited evidence that available programs reduce discipline disparities and that common programs may function as a protective factor for White and female students while failing to do so for marginalized students. Findings identify promising areas for future research.
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Holland, Megan M., and Stefanie DeLuca. "“Why Wait Years to Become Something?” Low-income African American Youth and the Costly Career Search in For-profit Trade Schools." Sociology of Education 89, no. 4 (2016): 261–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038040716666607.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing numbers of low-income and minority youth are now pursuing shorter-duration sub-baccalaureate credentials at for-profit trade and technical schools. However, many students drop out of these schools, leaving with large debts and few job prospects. Despite these dismal outcomes, we know very little about students’ experiences in for-profit programs and how these institutions shape postsecondary attainment. Using data from fieldwork with 150 inner-city African American youth, we examine why disadvantaged youth are attracted to these schools and why they struggle to complete certifications. In contrast to previous research, we find that the youth in our study have quite modest ambitions and look to for-profit trade schools as the quickest and most direct route to work. However, youth receive little information or guidance to support such postsecondary transitions. Therefore, the very element that makes for-profit trade school programs seem the most appealing—a curriculum focused on one particular career—becomes an obstacle when it requires youth to commit to a program of study before they have explored their interests. When youth realize they do not like or are not prepared for their chosen career, they adopt coping strategies that keep them in school but swirling between programs, rather than accumulating any credentials.
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Burt, Brian A., Alexander Knight, and Justin Roberson. "Racializing Experiences of Foreign-Born and Ethnically Diverse Black Male Engineering Graduate Students: Implications for Student Affairs Practice, Policy, and Research." Journal of International Students 7, no. 4 (2017): 925–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v7i4.182.
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Despite a growing body of work on the experiences of Black collegians, the higher education knowledge base lacks scholarship focused on Black men in graduate programs who are foreign-born and/or identify ethnically as other than African American. In this article, we provide a domain-specific investigation (i.e., based on students’ field of study), centering on nine Black men in engineering graduate programs. Three themes emerged regarding students’ racialized experiences and effects of racialization: (1) racialization as a transitional process; (2) cultural identity (dis)integrity; and (3) racialized imposter syndrome. We conclude with implications for developing and implementing promising practices and activities that aid students throughout graduate school. Such targeted efforts might also improve the likelihood of students remaining in the engineering workforce.
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Tai, Robert H., Xiaoqing Kong, Claire E. Mitchell, et al. "Examining Summer Laboratory Research Apprenticeships for High School Students as a Factor in Entry to MD/PhD Programs at Matriculation." CBE—Life Sciences Education 16, no. 2 (2017): ar37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.15-07-0161.
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Do summer laboratory research apprenticeships during high school have an impact on entry into MD/PhD programs? Apart from the nearly decade-long span of time between high school and matriculation into an MD/PhD program, young people have many life-shaping experiences that presumably impact their education and career trajectories. This quantitative study (n = 236,432) examines the connection between early laboratory research apprenticeship experiences at the high school level and matriculation into one of the more rigorous educational programs for scientific research training. The span of time covered by this analysis reaches across more than a decade, examining the potential importance of research experiences during the precollege years in the educational trajectory of young people. Intertwined with this question on research experiences is a second major concern regarding diversity in the life sciences research corps. Diversity in this wide-ranging discipline refers specifically to the underrepresentation of Blacks/African Americans, Hispanics/Latino/as, and American Indians/Alaska Natives among the ranks of research scientists. Thus, this study includes analyses that specifically focus on research apprenticeships of Blacks/African Americans and Hispanics/Latino/as and their entrance into MD/PhD programs.
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Wren, Douglas G. "Promoting Privilege." Murmurations: Emergence, Equity and Education 3, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31946/meee.v3i1.35.
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Point of view: I am a cisgender, White male in my sixties. I retired recently after working with children in a professional capacity since the mid-1970s. My first career involved organizing and managing youth sports programs for public recreation departments. I began my second career as an elementary school teacher in the privileged white neighborhood where I grew up near Atlanta, Georgia. There were no African American students at any of the public schools I attended. By the time I took a position in the central office after teaching for 14 years, Black students comprised 77% of the county’s 98,000 students (Anderson & Smith-Hunt, 2005). I spent my last six years in the classroom teaching fifth graders and serving as the school’s gifted liaison teacher. In the latter role, I administered tests to students to determine if they were eligible for the “gifted” label. At that time, I also taught an assessment course to teachers who were seeking a gifted add-on endorsement to their teaching certificates. I recently retired from a large school district in a different state after working as an educational measurement and assessment specialist for 12 years. Value: Numerous educational policies and procedures in the United States benefit children from privileged families over their traditionally underserved counterparts, which include students of color and low-income students. This piece describes a public school district’s inequitable practices related to its program for gifted students, practices that are not uncommon in many American school districts. “Education is one of the best ways to address systemic inequities, but education systems in the US seem to be increasingly subject to criticism that they are unable to change and promote equity” (Cheville, 2018, p. 1). Despite their inherent resistance to change, educational agencies must be made aware of discriminatory policies and procedures. Stakeholders must then hold policy makers and educational leaders to account. As James hanged until it is faced” (1962, p. 38). Summary: Gifted education programs in public schools comprise mainly middle-class and upper-middle-class students of European and Asian descent. Students from low socioeconomic groups, African American students, Latinx students, and Indigenous American students continue to be underrepresented in gifted programs, despite the fact that this inequity was brought to light many years ago (Ford, 1998). Given our nation’s long history of overt and covert racism, it is not surprising that the manner by which students are identified for gifted services is systemically entrenched and at the heart of the problem. Most states have mandates or provide guidance to local school districts regarding identification criteria; however, very few of the measurement instruments and methods used to evaluate of children for gifted services are effective at facilitating equal representation of all groups in gifted education programs. This piece examines one school district’s guidelines used to identify students for gifted services, including admittance to its prestigious school for gifted children. Because the guidelines are typical of practices employed by many other school districts, the information contained herein is generalizable to a larger audience.
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Schneider, Barbara, Kathryn S. Schiller, and James S. Coleman. "Public School Choice: Some Evidence From the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 18, no. 1 (1996): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737018001019.
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Programs to provide parents with opportunities to choose among public schools have increased to the point that more American high school students are enrolled in public “schools of choice” than private schools. Using indicators of students’ “exercise of choice “ and enrollment in a public school of choice from The National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988, this article explores certain groups’ propensities to take advantage of opportunities to choose in the public sector. Controlling on the availability of opportunities for choice in their schools, African Americans and Hispanics show a greater propensity to take advantage of those opportunities than Whites and Asian Americans. Students whose parents have lower levels of education are also more likely than those with more education to take advantage of opportunities to choose.
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Perzigian, Aaron B., Kemal Afacan, Whitney Justin, and Kimber L. Wilkerson. "Characteristics of Students in Traditional Versus Alternative High Schools: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Enrollment in One Urban District." Education and Urban Society 49, no. 7 (2016): 676–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013124516658520.
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Urban school districts are comprised of many diverse high school environments including comprehensive neighborhood schools as well as a variety of smaller alternative models that focus on innovative practices, behavior remediation, or academic recovery. In terms of enrollment distribution, urban school districts are increasingly offering nontraditional school placement options for students presenting academic and behavioral difficulty or for students seeking specific curricular emphasis or pedagogy, including—but not limited to—use of school choice voucher programs. In this study, we examined student distribution across school types in one large urban district to investigate enrollment patterns with regard to gender, race, socioeconomic status, and disability status. The results of this cross-sectional analysis indicated significant disproportionality in student demographics within different school types, including overrepresentation of African American students, male students, and students with disabilities in restrictive and segregated alternative schools; overrepresentation of White students and female students in self-selected and innovative alternative schools; and underrepresentation of Hispanic and Asian students in remedial alternative schools. Implications of this disproportionality for policy and practice are discussed.
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Hertzog, Nancy B. "Equity and Access: Creating General Education Classrooms Responsive to Potential Giftedness." Journal for the Education of the Gifted 29, no. 2 (2005): 213–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016235320502900205.
Full textAbstract:
Underrepresentation of African American students in gifted programs has alarmed the Office of Civil Rights. Achievement gaps between children from minority and low-income homes and Caucasian students from middle-high income homes is a pressing concern in the United States. The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation of project-based learning as a school-wide initiative to increase levels of achievement and to recognize potential in a population of students that is typically underserved in gifted programs. Through qualitative case study methodology, the researcher reveals the voices of participants as they explore the effects that the reforms had on their beliefs and practices. The instructional changes altered their perspectives of their students and their total classroom environment. Implications for creating environments that actively engage students and aid teachers in identifying potential are discussed.
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Johnson, Jennifer Michelle. "Managing transitions, building bridges." Journal for Multicultural Education 10, no. 2 (2016): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jme-01-2016-0010.
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Purpose This paper aims to highlight the potential of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) summer bridge programs to promote college persistence by fostering a positive science identity among participants that is culturally consistent with the values and experiences of African American students. Design/methodology/approach This case study included demographic data, journals, a focus-group interview and program evaluation reports. Carlone and Johnson’s (2007) grounded model of science identity provided a culturally sensitive framework for examining science experiences of minority students. Findings In a program that emphasized the academic readiness of students pursing bachelor’s degrees in science and engineering programs, the salience of students’ science identity was intricately related to their commitment to STEM. Research limitations/implications Understanding the program’s cultural components was not a specific objective of the study, but emerged as an important feature of students’ experiences and commitment to degree completion. Practical implications The program could assist students’ development of a science identity through the deliberate inclusion of activities and experiences that are culturally congruent with the students’ racial/ethnic identity. Originality/value Little empirical research is available to assess bridge programs for African Americans pursuing STEM degrees. Analyzing students’ transition from high school to college, within the context of a summer bridge program, affords a better understanding of how students navigate the early social and academic aspects of college and how participation in bridge helps plug the leaky pipeline to careers in STEM.
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Fenzel, L. Mickey, and Kathy Richardson. "Supporting Continued Academic Success, Resilience, and Agency of Boys in Urban Catholic Alternative Middle Schools." Journal of Catholic Education 22, no. 1 (2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/joce.2201012019.
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The persistent inequalities in urban public education in the U. S. that have left far too many Black and Hispanic male students behind with respect to academic skill development, high school graduation, and college success have led Catholic groups to provide alternative secondary school models to advance the academic and career success of urban students. One of these initiatives is the NativityMiguel model school, the first of which opened in New York City in 1971. The present study examines the lived experience, with respect to benefits of this education on the subsequent academic and career successes, of male graduates of two of these schools, one for African American, or Black, students and one for Mexican American students in different parts of the country. Analyses of interviews with 37 graduates showed that they benefitted from the schools’ approach to academic skill development and the building of resilience, leadership, and a commitment to service in the context of a community that continued to support the development of resilience after middle school graduation. Differences in aspects of the two programs are examined along with the implications for making use of the schools’ initiatives on a larger scale.
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Purba, Natalina, and Martua Reynhat Sitanggang Gusar. "Clean and Healthy Lifestyle Behavior (PHBS Program) for Children with Intellectual Disability." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 14, no. 2 (2020): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.142.06.
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The achievement of children's quality of life is undoubtedly linked to the development of positive habits that will continue to be practiced in future lives. This can be done by developing awareness and behavior of a balanced clean and healthy lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to determine the increase in the PHBS ability of children. Various efforts have been made so that children with intellectual disabilities can maintain their cleanliness. The efforts made by the teacher are still not maximal so that the delivery of information about PHBS must be completed by another method, namely demonstration. This research was conducted at SDLB 127710 Pematangsiantar5 with an action research method that refers to the Kurt Lewin model. Data collection techniques used purposive sampling and data analysis with the Wilcoxon test. The results showed an increase in understanding of the PHBS of children with intellectual disabilities able to learn SDLB 127710 Pematangsiantar through the demonstration method. This is evidenced by the increase in the score, where the initial assessment was obtained (59%), while in the first cycle, the average score was good (69.9%). In short, the understanding of children with intellectual disabilities being able to learn about PHBS is increased by using the demonstration method. 
 Keywords: Intellectual Disability Children, PHBS program, Demonstration methods
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Silverman, Marissa. "I drum, I sing, I dance: An ethnographic study of a West African drum and dance ensemble." Research Studies in Music Education 40, no. 1 (2017): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1321103x17734972.
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The purpose of this ethnographic study was to investigate the Montclair State University’s West African drum and dance ensemble. Analyses of the data revealed three themes related to individual participants and the “lived reality” of the group as a whole, and to the social-cultural teaching–learning processes involved: spirituality, community-as-oneness, and communal joy. My motivation for undertaking this inquiry arose from the fact that, beginning in the 1960s, music education scholars in the United States have been concerned about the widespread marginalization of non-Western musics in American music teacher education programs. This situation is still a major concern because American undergraduate and graduate music teacher preparation remains overwhelmingly dominated by Western classical styles. This situation runs contrary to the massive social, cultural, situational, and musical diversity of American students’ lives. As one small effort to advance musical diversity in my own university music school context, I developed the proposal for and initiated the Montclair State University’s West African drum and dance ensemble.
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Lindsey-Taliefero, Debby, Lynne Kelly, William Brent, and Russell Price. "A Review Of Howard Universitys Financial Literacy Curriculum." American Journal of Business Education (AJBE) 4, no. 10 (2011): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v4i10.6066.
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This article evaluates a financial literacy curriculum at the Howard University (HU) School of Business, by measuring the financial knowledge acquired after participating in a variety of programs. To evaluate the HU curriculum, the National Jump$tart Coalition (NJC) survey was administered to collect data on financial knowledge and demographic characteristics. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to study the data. The results show that HU-Business students performance was comparable to Jump$tarts national average for college students and Business/Economics students. HU Business students scored higher than the Jump$tarts African American student sample. The regression analysis helped identity key factors that influence financial awareness for HU students including having checking account, electronic tax preparation, taking a course in personal finance or money management, GPA, and frequently balancing check book.
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Rodriguez, Judith C., Deborah Kaye, Norma Stice, Karen Reedy, Josephine Frazier, and Barbara Brice. "Intragroup Differences Between Black Native and Transfer Students at a Predominantly White University: Implications for Advising." NACADA Journal 15, no. 1 (1995): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12930/0271-9517-15.1.31.
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This research project identified demographic, academic, and social differences between Black native (entering, first-year) and Black transfer students at a predominantly White, urban, public university. A questionnaire mailed to all Black students (N = 735) elicited 172 responses (23%). Most students from both groups felt that the university promoted a positive race attitude. They also expected their advisors to be accessible and to know academic programs and policies. The researchers found significant differences in age, marital status, and who had been most influential in a student's having remained in school. Native students used the Career Development Center and Minority Student Alliance at a greater rate, and a larger percentage of them participated in the African American Student Union, the Student Government Association, the International Student Organization, and sororities and fraternities.
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McNeil, Linda McSpadden, Eileen Coppola, Judy Radigan, and Julian Vasquez Heilig. "Avoidable losses: High-stakes accountability and the dropout crisis." education policy analysis archives 16 (January 31, 2008): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v16n3.2008.
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In the state of Texas, whose standardized, high-stakes test-based accountability system became the model for the nation's most comprehensive federal education policy, more than 135,000 youth are lost from the state's high schools every year. Dropout rates are highest for African American and Latino youth, more than 60% for the students we followed. Findings from this study, which included analysis of the accountability policy in operation in high-poverty high schools in a major urban district, analysis of student-level data for more than 271,000 students in that district over a seven-year period under this policy, and extensive ethnographic analysis of life in schools under the policy, show that the state's high-stakes accountability system has a direct impact on the severity of the dropout problem. The study carries great significance for national education policy because its findings show that disaggregation of student scores by race does not lead to greater equity, but in fact puts our most vulnerable youth, the poor, the English language learners, and African American and Latino children, at risk of being pushed out of their schools so the school ratings can show "measurable improvement." High-stakes, test-based accountability leads not to equitable educational possibilities for youth, but to avoidable losses of these students from our schools.
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Gorey, Kevin M. "Comprehensive School Reform: Meta-Analytic Evidence of Black-White Achievement Gap Narrowing." education policy analysis archives 17 (January 25, 2010): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.17.707.
Full textAbstract:
This meta-analysis extends a previous review of the achievement effects of comprehensive school reform (CSR) programs (Borman, Hewes, Overman, &amp; Brown, 2003). That meta-analysis observed significant effects of well endowed and well-researched programs, but it did not account for race/ethnicity. This article synthesizes 34 cohort or quasi-experimental outcomes of studies that incorporated the policy-critical characteristic of race/ethnicity. Findings: compared with matched traditional schools, the black-white achievement gap narrowed significantly more among students in CSR schools. In addition, the aggregate effects were large, substantially to completely eliminating the achievement gap between African American and non-Hispanic white students in elementary and middle schools. Title I policies before or after the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 seem to have had essentially no impact on the black-white achievement gap. Curricular and testing mandates along with the threat of sanctions without concomitant resource supports seem to have failed. This study suggests that educational achievement inequities need not be America&rsquo;s destiny. It seems that they could be eliminated through concerted political will and ample resource commitments to evidence-based educational programs.
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Gorey, Kevin M. "Comprehensive School Reform: Meta-Analytic Evidence of Black-White Achievement Gap Narrowing." education policy analysis archives 17 (December 25, 2009): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v17n25.2009.
Full textAbstract:
This meta-analysis extends a previous review of the achievement effects of comprehensive school reform (CSR) programs (Borman, Hewes, Overman, & Brown, 2003). That meta-analysis observed significant effects of well endowed and well-researched programs, but it did not account for race/ethnicity. This article synthesizes 34 cohort or quasi-experimental outcomes of studies that incorporated the policy-critical characteristic of race/ethnicity. Findings: compared with matched traditional schools, the black-white achievement gap narrowed significantly more among students in CSR schools. In addition, the aggregate effects were large, substantially to completely eliminating the achievement gap between African American and non-Hispanic white students in elementary and middle schools. Title I policies before or after the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 seem to have had essentially no impact on the black-white achievement gap. Curricular and testing mandates along with the threat of sanctions without concomitant resource supports seem to have failed. This study suggests that educational achievement inequities need not be America’s destiny. It seems that they could be eliminated through concerted political will and ample resource commitments to evidence-based educational programs.
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Ware, Alisha D., Tricia Murdock, Lysandra Voltaggio, et al. "The “Race” Toward Diversity, Inclusion, and Equity in Pathology: The Johns Hopkins Experience." Academic Pathology 6 (January 1, 2019): 237428951987310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2374289519873104.
Full textAbstract:
With 3.8% black trainees in 2012, pathology had significantly fewer trainees from groups underrepresented in medicine compared to other specialties. To address this, faculty in the Johns Hopkins Department of Pathology established an outreach program and funded rotation for students underrepresented in medicine and from disadvantaged groups. The aims were to increase exposure to the field and improve diversity, inclusion, and equity in pathology. A 1-month rotation for students underrepresented in medicine was established in 2013. Rotation schedules tailored to each rotator’s interests included resident conferences and individual faculty meetings. In 2016, a proactive outreach program was established. Faculty visited historically black medical schools and underrepresented in medicine student groups at other institutions, where they gave a “Careers in Pathology” presentation targeted to second- and third-year medical students. Faculty also attended underrepresented in medicine student conferences and participated in high school student programs to further expand the underrepresented in medicine pipeline into medicine and pathology. Since 2016, fourteen outreach presentations have been delivered. The number of rotators increased from 1 in 2013 to 18 in July 2019. Rotators self-identified as African, African American, Hispanic, and Native American. Most were second- to fourth-year medical students, and 1 was a pathology resident. Six rotators are currently pathology residents, and others are strongly considering applying to pathology. The outreach efforts account for the success of our rotation, which, in turn, has had a positive impact on interest in pathology. However, we recognize barriers to retention and intend to incorporate additional professional development activities to further address equity.
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Apgar, Dawn. "Increasing Social Work Students’ Participation in Macro Specializations." Advances in Social Work 20, no. 3 (2021): 709–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/24045.
Full textAbstract:
Much effort has been made to increase the number of social work students in macro practice specializations in graduate school. Despite the development of pedagogical techniques which have shown to increase interest in and appreciation for macro practice, the proportion of macro students has stayed low and stable over time. Using survey data collected from 474 Master of Social Work students and graduates, this exploratory study identified both structural and attitudinal barriers which impede specialization in macro practice. Data reveals that despite exposure to these methods, those whose original motivation to enter the profession was based on a desire to do clinical work are unlikely to concentrate on macro practice. Structural barriers such as the lack of availability of macro programs also prevented increased specialization in macro practice. Social workers who are Black/African American are more likely to concentrate in macro practice, perhaps due to a recognition of the need for systems change in the United States to promote equal opportunities and rights for those who have historically been marginalized. Findings indicate that current efforts to increase the number of graduates with macro specializations may not be effective. Treatment of macro methods as a specialization, rather than integral to social work education, should be revisited if the profession wants to ensure enough graduates are able to make system-level changes to rectify current societal inequities.