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1
Randolph, Michelle. "African-American Women and Welfare: A Qualitative Study of African-American Women Receiving Public Assistance." TopSCHOLAR®, 2002. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/631.
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Using information obtained from interviews of a sample of fifteen African-American women from two counties in a border state, the overall perceptions of women receiving public assistance and the labels and stigmas (i.e., welfare checks, food stamps, and medical cards) associated with receiving public assistance were examined. Research findings indicate that there is stress associated with receiving public assistance, and the stigmas associated with public assistance influence people in the public domain to brand recipients socially. The findings from the interviews produced results indicating that the perceived differences and mistreatment felt by welfare recipients were, in part, the result of welfare stigma symbols (i.e., welfare check, food stamps, and medical card). The respondents felt that race exacerbated labeling and stigmatization.
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Watson, Jennifer Marie. "Understanding body image among African American women /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9172.
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Douchand, Brown Sandra Elaine. "Health Promotion Behaviors among African American Women." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/205.
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The purpose of this research was to examine and describe the relationships among health status, marital status, income level, education level, age, and body mass index (BMI) with the added influence of spirituality on the health promotion behaviors of African American women, living in South Florida. The sample consisted of 137 women, 18 to 64 years of age, who were born in the United States and whose parents were born in the United States. Each participant completed a demographic questionnaire, the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II), the Short Form-36 Health survey (SF-36), and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS). Descriptive and inferential statistics with an alpha level of .05 were used for data analysis. Statistically significant findings were (1) a positive relationship between health promotion behaviors and formal education, (2) a positive relationship between health promotion behaviors and spirituality (existential well-being), and (3) a negative relationship between health promotion behaviors and number of children. In the regression model, the five sets of variables together accounted for 25.5% of the variance in overall health promotion behaviors of African American women F (15, 121) = 2.768, p < .01. The health promotion behaviors of African American women were not significantly affected by health status, marital status or BMI. Of the five demographic variables entered in the model, only number of children and education made statistically significant, unique contributions to health promotion behaviors. A sense of life satisfaction and purpose (existential well-being) made an additional, statistically significant, unique contribution to health promotion behaviors among African American women. The unique contribution of religious well-being was trivial. Therefore, formal education, number of children, and spirituality (existential well-being) may be used as predictors of health promotion behaviors among African American women, based on the results of this study. Culturally appropriate and relevant interventions used to encourage and educate African American women to increase physical activity, and decrease caloric intake are critical to mitigate the high rate of morbidity and mortality that African American women experience from CVD.
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Mayberry, Kena Renee. "African American Women Leaders, Intersectionality, and Organizations." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5221.
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Research suggested that African American women (AAW) leaders are overlooked as candidates
for senior level positions in organizations. The problem that prompted this study was the lack of empirical research surrounding the intersectionality of race and gender and how this dual identity informed their leadership development and excluded AAW from the leadership promotion group identified by organizations. The research questions addressed how AAW described their career trajectory, strategies that were used to transform institutional barriers into leadership opportunities, how AAW leaders perceived their dual identity as contributing to their unique organizational experiences, and how AAW leaders perceived their role as mentors. This study was grounded in the critical race theory (CRT) as it pertains to the concept of the intersectionality of race and gender. Semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of 12 participants were used to obtain data along with thematic coding to analyze the data. Key findings included the women expressing both subtle and blatant racial and gender discrimination in the workplace. The participants identified self-advocacy as crucial to their success along with having strong mentors. One of the main conclusions was that the corporate world is a long- standing, white, male network and continues to be an obstacle for women in today's workplace. Recommendations for future research include studying bi-racial women and women who are in lower managerial roles to identify whether they experience similar obstacles as women in senior leadership roles. Social change implications include organizational modifications across multiple industry types that would create more positive perceptions, descriptions, and trust in the leadership abilities of AAW.
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Powell, Alisha Diane. "African-American Women and Work-Life Balance." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4941.
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African American women have high rates of depression and anxiety and are more likely to experience marital instability. Work-life balance (WLB) has been a topic of growing discussion and research as the number of women in the workplace has increased significantly. Researchers have demonstrated that women who work full time outside of the home have the unique challenge of fulfilling work obligations while taking care of household responsibilities. Work-life balance (WLB) has been a topic of discussion and research as the numbers of women in the workplace have increased significantly in the United States. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to better understand the experiences of married African American women and how they manage the demands of both work and family. The theoretical framework was black feminist theory and work life border theory. Participants consisted of married African American women (n =11) who worked full time outside of their home. Data from interviews consisting of open-ended questions and a thematic analysis was conducted for common themes and meanings. Findings reinforce that of current empirical literature on the importance of having a flexible job and a supportive spouse in order to obtain a work-life balance. Using study findings, social psychologists, employers, and the general public may be more culturally competent in their knowledge of the specific challenges facing African American women, which may lead to potential positive social change. For instance, employers may be better able to meet the needs of their African American female employees, which may help to promote greater WLB, better emotional health, and increased life satisfaction for these women.
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Cain, Latasha Denise. "Barriers Encountered by African American Women Executives." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/571.
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In 2014, less than 16% of executive leaders in U.S. corporations were women and less than 5.3% of executive leaders in U.S. corporations were African American women. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the experiences of 20 African American women in senior executive positions in the Southeastern region of the United States. The goal of this study was to provide business leaders with information to recognize the value of diversity and equality in the workplace. Participants were recruited using snowball sampling. The conceptual framework incorporated general systems theory, which highlights the bidirectionality between an individual and his or her environment. Data were gathered from audio-recorded semistructured interviews that were transcribed and coded for emergent themes. The findings revealed several strategies for success among African American women, such as tolerating opposition in a male-dominated work environment, and overcoming barriers such as race and gender discrimination. These findings have implications of positive social change by increasing awareness among business leaders of racial inequalities in the workplace. Such awareness may, in turn, decrease workplace discrimination to foster a more conducive environment to promote African American women into executive leadership positions. By making the issues of inequalities for African American women more visible, this research opens the opportunity to discuss the topic and seek resolutions across all organizations.
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Larmond-Hyman, Lorretta. "Health Seeking Behavior in African American Women." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6056.
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Disparities exist in the health-seeking behavior of African American (AA) women in the United States. Specifically, AA women 40 years and older often do not adhere to guidelines for breast cancer screening because of demographic and socioeconomic factors that have impacted health disparities. The purpose of this study was to research negative health-seeking behavior toward early-stage breast cancer detection in AA women 40 years and older. The main research questions addressed whether there is a relationship between negative health-seeking behavior, operationally defined as lack of a personal doctor, lack of health insurance, and lack of doctor visits within the past 12 months, and early-stage breast cancer detection, operationally defined as lack of mammogram screening within the past 2 years, in AA women 40 years and older. This quantitative study was guided by the health belief model. A cross-sectional design was used along with secondary data from the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. Wald chi-square was used to examine the relationship between the dependent variables and the independent variable. The relationship between lack of a personal doctor, lack of health insurance, lack of doctor visits within the past 12 months, and lack of mammogram screening within the past 2 years was statistically significant at p < .05. The findings based on the significance between the variables confirmed that negative health- seeking behavior affects early-stage breast cancer detection in AA women 40 years and older. The results of this study may inform the development of educational programs that are instrumental in promoting and improving mammogram screening and early-stage breast cancer detection among AA women age 40 years and older.
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Beall-Davis, Sondra Jean. "African American Women in America: Underrepresentation, Intersectionality, and Leadership Development Experiences." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4037.
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American conglomerates are accountable for the underrepresentation of African American women (AAW) in high-ranking roles. Though some progress is documented, this study revealed that inequalities and stereotypical practices still exist. This transcendental phenomenology study explored the leadership development and lived experiences of 25 high-ranking AAW. All participants worked in private or public sectors, resided in America, and held high-ranking positions within the last 5 years. The goal was to explore the lived experience of AAW and uncover any strategies used to address the influence of intersectionality on leadership development that could abate barriers and create career pathways for forthcoming AAW leaders. During the literature review process, the education sector emerged as the most studied area, exposing substantial gaps in literature concentrated on other sectors. For this study, a broader range of industries was explored that could enhance existing leadership and management practices and augment the body of knowledge in multiple sectors. The theory of Black feminism guided the study, and the conceptual framework of intersectionality corroborated the intersecting barriers caused by gender, race, and class unique to AAW. Purposive samples and open-ended questions designed to guide semistructured interviews, supported by the modified van Kaam data analysis technique, were implemented. The social implications of this study go beyond simple diversity in the workplace to highlight a highly resilient and capable talent pool of AAW who bring new perspectives to senior leadership roles that will enhance organizational resilience, contributing to the economic growth of the organizations they lead.
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Kusi, Carolyn Amelia. ""Am I not a woman" : the myth of the strong black woman." Toledo, Ohio : University of Toledo, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1263223895.
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Thesis (M.L.S.)--University of Toledo, 2010.<br>Typescript. "Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Master of Liberal Studies." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: p. 55-56.
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Meares, Christina Faye. "DISAPPEARING ACTS: THE MASS INCARCERATION OF AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/aas_theses/8.
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The growth in the number of black women in the prison system necessitates more research become rooted in an intersectional approach. This quantitative study will empirically apply intersectionality to address the unique circumstances of imprisoned black women by comparing and analyzing sentence convictions shared between black and white incarcerated women in Georgia. Drawing on 600 inmate profiles published by Georgia Department of Corrections, this study will address the statistical significance of race, class and gender on the length of sentence for incarcerated white and black women using regression models.
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Jackson, Katie Lee Stadler Holly A. "The influence of racial identity and social support on the employment status of African American women." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Dissertations/JACKSON_KATIE_1.pdf.
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Holmes, Denise Estell. "Spirituality in the daily lives of African American women." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3241.
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This research study was exploratory in nature and used a qualitative approach to learn firsthand from the intimate, personal and subjective experiences of African American women about the importance of spirituality and religiosity in their everyday lives.
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Taylor, Marian. "Infant Mortality Among African American Women Compared to European American Women in New York City." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3841.
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The birth of low weight babies in the United States has not had a meaningful decline for the last 10 years.It continues to be a major predictor of fetal-infant mortality. In addition, the rate of low birth weight infants among African American women continues to be twice that of European American women. Low birth weight babies may experience breathing problems, vision problems, diabetes, hypertension, and cerebral palsy. The purpose of this study was to examine why the high infant mortality rate persist among the African American communities of Southeast Queens, New York City as compared to European American communities in the Borough of Queens, New York City.This was a quantitative retrospective study with a correlational design that utilized secondary data derived from vital records maintained by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. The investigation was guided by the ecological model as the theoretical framework to collect, assess, and analyze the data. Logistic regression was used to predict the association of risk factors to infant mortality. Low birth weight, preterm birth, late or no prenatal care, and smoking during pregnancy were risk factors associated with a high mortality rate among African American women. Positive social change implications for this study include the development of a social intervention that will be culturally based for the diverse communities of Southeast Queens, New York City. There will be a collaborative effort in implementing the evidence-based interventions involving interested stakeholders.
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Sams-Iheme, Mira. "The psychological aspects of battered African-American women." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1996. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/AAIEP15793.
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There is sparse research on the battering phenomena as it relates to African-American women. Therefore, this study was undertaken in order to determine whether a relationship existed between battering, depression and low levels of self-esteem in African-American women. Another purpose of this study was to obtain a profile of demographic characteristics of these battered African-American women.
The study was conducted in two battered women shelters located in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia. The actual site locations were in Fulton and DeKalb counties. A quasi-experimental design was used. The non-random sample consisted of 53 African-American women who resided in the battered women shelters during the research period. The Beck Depression Inventory, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and the Questionnaire for Battered African- American women were administered. l Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Statistical procedures that were used to analyze the data from this study were frequency analysis and the Pearson R. The results indicated that there was a relationship between battering and depression in African- American women. There were also variations in the demographic data of these women.
Limitations of this research and implications for counselors are included. Recommendations for future research conclude this work.
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Iheme, Mira Sams. "The psychological aspects of battered African-American women." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1996. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/AAI9821010.
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There is sparse research on the battering phenomena as it relates to African-American women. Therefore, this study was undertaken in order to determine. whether a relationship existed between battering, depression and low levels of self-esteem in African-American women. Another purpose of this study was to obtain a profile of demographic characteristics of these battered African-American women. The study was conducted in two battered women shelters located in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia. The actual site locations were in Fulton and DeKalb counties. A quasi-experimental design was used. The non-random sample consisted of 53 African-American women who resided in the battered women shelters during the research period. The Beck Depression Inventory, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and the Questionnaire for Battered African-American women were administered. Statistical procedures that were used to analyze the data from this study were frequency analysis and the Pearson R. The results indicated that there was a relationship between battering and depression in African-American women. There were also variations in the demographic data of these women. Limitations of this research and implications for counselors are included. Recommendations for future research conclude this work.
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Dennis, Brittney. "Going natural african american women and their hair." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/541.
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The study seeks to gain a better understanding of the term "going natural" in regards to women with natural African American hair. The study also seeks to understand natural hair and reclaiming a positive perspective of acceptance and natural appearance. The study will give light to what it is to have natural hair in present day and calls upon the experience of the Black woman on her journey with her hair and her past.<br>B.A.<br>Bachelors<br>Sciences<br>Sociology
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Murrock, Carolyn J. "DANCE AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1159901402.
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Carpenter, Tracy. "Recovering Women: Intersectional Approaches to African American Addiction." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1252849140.
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Williams, Yhana J. Ph D. "Educated African American Women: Educational Expectations and Outcomes." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1343052328.
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Gillespie, Shannon L. "Pathways to Shortened Gestation among African American Women." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1448896905.
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Roane, Tanya. "The Experiences of Young African American Women Principals." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/511.
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The purpose of this study was designed to gain an understanding of how young African American women principals experience the principalship. Three research questions were explored in this study: (a.) What are the pathways to the principalship for young African American women? (b.) How do African American women experience the principalship? (c.) What are the barriers that young African American women experience and what are their strategies for success? The researcher examined the day-to-day experiences faced by these women as they related to race, gender, and age challenges within the field of education. Using qualitative research with Black Feminist Standpoint theory as the theoretical framework, the study allowed these young female principals from Virginia to share their personal stories and struggles related to their experiences as principals. They participated in depth one-on-one, semistructured interviews and, as a follow-up, some participated in focus groups that contained open-ended questions. The findings indicated that these women rely on God, faith and family in their day-to-day work. Some of the women discussed the challenges that they face dealing with ageism, sexism and racism in the work place. Probing the reflections and experiences of these women will inform both research and practice, given their professional rise to principalship positions and their experiences once they attained the positions. It was crucial to add the voices of these women to existing literature because they bring a unique perspective to the practice of school leadership. Implications for this research include: college-bound students interested in school administration; university professors and school divisions interested in ways to support and provide professional development to these young leaders; feminist researchers; those interested in studying leadership theory and research, and aspiring and practicing principals interested in how African American principals support school improvement.
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Jacobs, Stephanie. "Outcomes of CenteringPregnancy(RTM) in African-American Women." Thesis, Carlow University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10042876.
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<p>This study was to determine if any difference exists in the rates of cesarean birth, emergency room visits and preterm birth in African-American women who participated in CenteringPregnancy<sup>®</sup> group prenatal care in comparison with those in traditional prenatal care. Prenatal care under this model emphasizes risk assessment, health promotion, social support and education in a group setting of between eight and twelve patients. The effectiveness of CenteringPregnancy has had favorable clinical and behavioral outcomes, as well as high patient and provider satisfaction. Since few studies have researched outcome variables, this study was to answer if CenteringPregnancy prenatal care is related to improved birth outcomes than traditional prenatal care. Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing Theory guided this study to provide a comprehensive and culturally sensitive nursing approach in caring for pregnant African-American women. The population was a convenience sample of African-American women between the ages of 15 and 38 years of age. A retrospective chart review was utilized for data collection and a total of 61 CenteringPregnancy charts and 62 traditional prenatal care charts were reviewed looking at the rates of preterm births, cesarean births and emergency room utilization between the two groups of women. A bivariate statistical analysis using the <i> t</i>-Test was utilized to describe any differences between the patients in the two different types of prenatal care and a chi-square was used to analyze any difference in frequency of preterm births and cesarean births between the two types of prenatal care. The results indicated that African-American women receiving CenteringPregnancy prenatal care had fewer preterm births than African-American women in traditional prenatal care (1.6% vs 11.3%). However, there was no evidence found that African-American women receiving CenteringPregnancy prenatal care had less cesarean births or utilized the emergency room during their pregnancies less frequently. </p>
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Wallace, Barbara Elizabeth. "'Fair daughters of Africa' : African American women in Baltimore, 1790-1860 (Maryland)." Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?res_dat=xri:ssbe&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_dat=xri:ssbe:ft:keyresource:G_Rel_Diss_02.
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Reese, De Anna J. "African American women, civic activism, and community building strategies in St. Louis, Missouri, 1900-1954." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3137740.
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Norrils, Vita Renee. "If It Is Going To Get Done, We Will Have To Do It Ourselves: African American Women Activists, 1830-1896." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1399579342.
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Perryman, Barbara Ann. "Self-care and the African-American woman." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Sumo, Iris. "WHAT ARE THE FACTORS OF COLORISM AMONGST AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN; AND HOW DOES THIS AFFECT THE LIVES OF AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/906.
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Colorism has created a significant divide within the African American community. There is a structured hierarchy where based on the color of one’s skin tone, an individual can be viewed as a higher or lower class.This qualitative study’s purpose was to examine what the factors of colorism among African American Women and how this has affected their lives. A total of ten African American women of various skin tones volunteered to participate in a 30-45-minute face to face interview. Findings of this interview show that many of the woman have encountered stereotypes based on their skin tone. Many themes became apparent from the responses questions which were asked. Participants who have refer to themselves as “dark skinned” state that they are aware in society “light or brown skinned” women are more favored. Women who consider themselves “light skinned” have noticed the impact of colorism when their dark-skinned friends are constantly overlooked within the social setting. 6 of the 10 women interviewed feel as though men are the cause of the greater divide between light and dark-skinned women. Each participant interviewed acknowledged the social structure which accepts dark skin woman as being held to a lower standard or “at the bottom of the totem pole”. It is the hopes of this researcher that based on this study, Social Service professionals will gain a better understanding of their African American female clients as well as a development of interventions that can reduce the harmful effects of colorism.
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Ausmer, Nicole. "Redefining leadership: Examination of African American women serving as presidents in institutions of higher education." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1243164670.
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Aceves, Sara. "Ain't I a Muslim woman?: African American Muslim Women Practicing 'Multiple Critique'." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/38.
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This thesis explores both limits and possibilities. It reflects on processes of appropriation, re-signification and critique as practiced variably by African American Muslim women. I situate these processes within the concept of multiple critique, for specifically three moments-Sherman Jackson's Third Resurrection, the black feminist tradition, and Islamic feminisms.
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Wright, Delane E. (Delane Elizabeth). "Poppin' Their Thang: African American Blueswomen and Multiple Jeopardy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278053/.
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This ethnographic analysis examines the life stories and lyrics of four African blues singers. Specifically, it compares the cultural themes that emerge their life stories to the cultural themes at emerge from their commercially released music. The findings suggest that the singers recognize, to varying degrees, the impact of racism, sexism, and classism on their personal and careers. These same themes, however, are not present in the lyrics of the music that they choose to sing. Both the stories and the lyrics reveal internal inconsistencies that mirror one another. The conclusion suggests that the inconsistencies within their stories and music are consistent with their liminal position with regard to dominant and subordinate cultures.
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Freeman, Pamela Telia Barber. "Presidential profiles in higher education : perspectives from African American women /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1993.
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Moham, Carren D. "The contributions of four African-American women composers to American art song." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250881412.
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Moham, Carren Denise. "The contributions of four African-American women composers to American art song /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487945015618126.
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Wood, Nikel Ayanna Rogers Petrie Trent. "Examining an eating disorder model with African American women." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9720.
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Ivey, Adriane Louise. "Rewriting Christianity : African American women writers and the Bible /." view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9987234.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 211-216). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Ratcliff, Tanya Marie. "Intentional single parenting by educated African-American and South African women: case studies." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2001. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/2550.
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This study examined the factors that tend to lead to intentional single parenting of educated African-American and South African women.
The study was based on the premise that four factors were the dominating dynamics behind a woman’s decision to intentionally single parent.
A case study analysis approach was used to document data gathered from twelve women from America and South Africa. An interview scale and an interview grid were developed. The researcher found that the four factors were significant elements in determining intentional single parenting. These factors are l) the belief of an available mate shortage, 2) educational and financial attainment, 3) the age of a woman, and 4) the desire to mother.
The conclusion drawn from the findings suggest that one factor, educational and financial attainment, outweighed the others with the respondents and that each country selected a different factor that determined its decision toward intentional single parenting. The results of this study clearly identified a Stages-of-Development model for Intentional Single Parenting.
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Walker, Elizabeth Johnson. "A model for pastoral counseling with African American women." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2000. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/AAI9962655.
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The model of pastoral counseling ministry developed in this dissertation is intended to make visible a comprehensive resource to the pastoral counselor for counseling with African American women. The problem of the dissertation is to make visible theological and psychological-ethical resources for the construction of a model of pastoral counseling ministry for counseling some African American women clients. The model contributes to the conceptualization of the nature, purpose and meaning of pastoral counseling with some African American women who experience themselves as estranged from self, God, and others and who seek Christian Grace. In order to solve the problem, I analyzed the historical and socio-cultural experiences that most African American women share in this culture, in Chapter II. Implications for a model emerged. Traditional theological and theoretical sources informed by the locus of womanist theological response provided a means for developing a model of pastoral counseling ministry that attends to the spiritual need for grace in the lives of some African American women. In Chapter III, the theoretical formulation of Heinz Kohut was explicated and analyzed for its potential to contribute to the theoretical construction of a model of pastoral counseling ministry with some African American women with spiritual concerns. Self psychology method and theory, in conversation my experience, the experiences of my clients and womanist theological criteria, provided a framework for organizing and analyzing data with an emphasis on intervention. In Chapter IV, Paul Tillich's theology of the self provided a conceptual framework for organizing and analyzing the historical, social, and ultimate experiences of the human being. Tillich's theological anthropology, in conversation with my experience, the experiences of my clients and womanist theological criteria, contributed to the construction of a theology of pastoral counseling ministry based on the norm of grace. Chapter V is the first movement for the construction of my proposed model. I constructed a method of practical correlation, engaged a conversation with the womanist, theoretical and theological themes that I had selected as resources for solving the problem of this dissertation. In Chapter VI, I constructed my model, a theology of pastoral counseling ministry with some African American women, using the norm of grace. Chapter VII demonstrates the model based upon my experience counseling some African American women at Georgia Association for Pastoral Counseling in Atlanta, Georgia. Chapter VIII is the conclusion. I summarized the problem of the dissertation and the significance of the study, reported the conclusions of the study, and recommended further research. The significance of the study is that a comprehensive contextual pastoral counseling resource using wholistic variables are now visible to the pastoral counselor for counseling African American women who experience themselves as estranged from self, God, and others and who have spiritual concerns and a need for grace. The variables that are visible include analysis of (1) her personal contextual experiences; (2) her relationship with self, God, and others; (3) her internalized psychosocial images; and, (4) the theory and method of intervention.
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Johnson, Terri Lynn. "Survival strategies of African-American women in community college /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008362.
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Looby, Sara E. Dolan. "Influences on adherence in African American women with HIV." Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/39.
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Thesis advisor: Anne E. Norris<br>Little is known about adherence among African American women with HIV. This crossectional study investigated the direct and indirect effects of subjective wellbeing (SWB), physical activity, depression, and spiritual beliefs on adherence to antiretroviral therapy, condom use, and appointment keeping in 86 participants. These variables formed a theoretical model proposed in response to findings in the literature and clinical observations. Participants completed demographic and clinical questionnaires, the Center for Adherence Support Evaluation (CASE) Adherence Index (antiretroviral therapy adherence), Satisfaction with Life scale (SWB), Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire, CES-D (Depression), the Faith subscale of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being scale (spiritual beliefs), and questions regarding condom use and appointment keeping. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, t-tests, and Chi square analyses were used to analyze clinical and demographic variables, scale means, and effects on adherence variables. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to test study hypotheses, and path analysis was used to confirm the relationships in the linear regression model. The final model for medication adherence explained 31% of the variance. SWB had a direct effect (β = .30, p < .01). Spiritual beliefs had direct (.21), and indirect effects (.07) through SWB. Having a history of hospitalization for mental illness had direct (-.25), and indirect effects (-.06) through SWB. Physical activity had only a direct effect (β = - .19, p = .05), and no effect on SWB (p = .26). Findings failed to support relationships hypothesized in the model for condom and appointment adherence, though age was shown to have a positive effect (B = 0.06, p < .05) on appointment adherence in the final model. Further research is needed to replicate these findings in a larger cohort of African American women with HIV, and to identify factors that impact condom use and appointment keeping. Study findings argue for the need to assess spiritual beliefs, connect individuals with programs designed to enhance spiritual beliefs, and other resources that may positively influence well-being and medication adherence in this population<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2008<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing<br>Discipline: Nursing
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Grissette-Banks, Monique. "The emotional intelligence of successful African American women leaders." Thesis, Fielding Graduate University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3608082.
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<p> African American women leaders (AAWLs) experience obstacles and barriers in their quest to ascend to the highest leadership levels in U.S.-based organizations. These obstacles include intersectional oppression in the form of gendered racism, outsider status, invisibility, tokenism, stereotypes, and subordination. In the face of these challenges, AAWLs have ascended to the highest levels of leadership in U.S. workplaces. Many studies on AAWLs explore the coping mechanisms and relational strategies employed to enter, execute, and succeed in workplace leadership roles. This study explored their emotional intelligence; the non-cognitive traits, skills, and abilities that enable AAWLs to create success in their lives. This study enables comprehension of the emotional mechanisms African American women (AAW) use to lead in the face of obstacles to their ascension to high-level leadership roles. </p><p> Forty-two AAWLs, who have held leadership positions for a minimum of 3 years at the director level or three levels from the top of an organization, participated in this mixed-methods study. The Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i) was administered to these leaders to assess their emotional-social functioning. Bar-On's (1997) model of emotional-social intelligence served as the basis for this 133-item, self-report inventory. To complement this quantitative assessment and to insert a Black feminist approach to the research, AAWLs participated in teleconference-styled focus groups in which they revealed their self-defined perceptions about their emotional intelligence and the ways those emotional-social traits, skills, and abilities create success in their leadership experience. </p><p> Emotional-social functioning of the African American women leaders (AAWLs) in the study was atypically advanced. Assessment results revealed assertiveness and independence as strengths. These leaders perceived themselves to be successful, but identified interpersonal relationship-building as an opportunity for growth. This exploration of the emotional intelligence of AAWLs expands our understanding of the non-cognitive abilities, skills, and traits employed by these leaders in their efforts to navigate complex organizational dynamics and to fulfill high- level leadership roles. </p><p> Keywords: African American women, emotional intelligence, leadership</p>
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Thweatt-McCoy, Valerie. "Experiences of African-American women enrolled in doctoral programs." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40336.
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This study examined the demographic characteristics, reasons for enrolling, and factors affecting the continued participation of African-American women in doctoral programs. The major focus for this study was to identify and examine the factors that African-American women believed influenced their continued participation in doctoral programs.
The population for the study included 241 African-American women who were enrolled in doctoral programs in colleges and universities in the Commonwealth of Virginia between 1992 and 1994. Surveys were mailed to these potential participants, however 59 were undeliverable and 40 did not respond to the survey, resulting in a total of 142 respondents.
The findings in the study reveal that African-American women in doctoral programs in the Commonwealth of Virginia were 21 to 63 years of age, were more often married than not, and some had more than one child upon enrolling. The results of the surveys revealed that several significant relationships were associated with the selected demographic characteristics of marital status, age, number of children, financial resources, and the factors that influenced the participation of African-American women in doctoral programs. These factors included: marital status; balancing work, home, and school; support groups; family responsibilities; academic preparation; financial assistance; and commuting distance.
The data obtained will be useful to educational institutions in making decisions relative to developing innovative programs, improving services, and designing policies and practices that will improve recruitment, retention, and completion of African-American women in doctoral programs. This study will add to the body of knowledge regarding the experiences of African-American women, since there is a very limited amount of information available on this population of women and their experiences in doctoral programs. The exploration into the experiences of these women allowed the researcher to obtain information directly from the respondents as they perceived it to be. The researcher hopes that this study will assist universities in improving their programs and services to African-American women thereby improving its recruitment and retention strategies that will encourage African-American women to remain in their programs and to complete their degrees. The researcher also suggests that African-American women, especially those who remain in ABO status, read this study and contemplate completion. Perhaps these women will become role-models in higher education for younger African-American women attending college.
Further study is needed from this population of women to ascertain whether there are additional factors influencing the continued participation of African-American women. A replication of the study may reveal additional information that will further support the findings of this research.<br>Ed. D.
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Williams, Andrew Lewayne. "Attitudes of African American women toward marriage-related issues." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2433.
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This study presents results from a survey of 108 African American women. Survey questions covered attitudes towards marriage, qualities of an ideal spouse, and opinions of African American men in general.
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Wiley, Marilyn. "Spirituality Among African American Christian Women Who Have Contemplated." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3218.
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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that African American women had the lowest recorded number of suicide completions among all ethnic and gender groups in the United States. In addition, the number of suicides among African American women continued to soar without a clear reason or understanding of their lowest completion rates. Further research in the area of spirituality among African American women may be critical in understanding why African American women's rates of completed suicides are statistically lower than other ethnic groups and how to prevent future rate increases. A phenomenological framework was used to examine the thoughts and opinions of African American Christian women on whether or not religion plays a vital part during the contemplation phase of suicidal ideations and on their reasons for living. The study explored the low rates of suicide completions among African American women from a religious and spiritual perspective. Fifteen African American Christian women who had contemplated suicide were recruited via flyers posted at a local church campus. Participants were individually interviewed about their lived experiences during suicidal behaviors. After the interviews were transcribed, data were coded by assigning numbers to common themes and placing the common themes into categories. The results indicated that among the small sample of 15 participants, religion and spirituality are highly considered as being a protective factor against repeated suicidal behavior, followed by family relationships, when compared to other reasons for living. The least likely protective factor was financial status. The findings suggest that spirituality can be used as a preventative measure to lower the risk of suicide completions among African American Christian women.
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Williams, Varil Deloise. "Self efficacy of African American Women in Leadership Roles." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1219.
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Little research has focused on developing female African American leaders. A mixed methods study examined the influence of conservation of resources (COR) and locus of control (LOC) on the self-efficacy (SE) of 26 female African American leaders. It also explored the role of mentoring and spirituality in leadership development for a subset of 5 participants. Data were obtained using a demographic questionnaire, the General SE Scale, the COR Evaluation Gain scale, and the LOC Assessment, along with transcribed responses to mentoring and spirituality interview questions. Pearson correlations run between age, education, and income, as well as COR, LOC, and SE scores uncovered an inverse relationship between education and LOC and no other significant associations. A multiple regression analysis determined that COR and LOC did not predict SE among the participants. A qualitative analysis of the coded interview responses by a subset of 5 participants to 10 questions on mentoring and spirituality yielded 5 thematic clusters: (a) mentor link: expertise for guiding mentoring relationship or being a positive role model, (b) mentor value: commitment to personal or professional development, (c) mentor characteristics: qualities of being a good mentor, (d) mentor outcomes: expertise in mentoring and supporting an individual in development, and (e) workplace spirituality: individual desire to live spiritual values in the workplace. The results will foster positive social change by identifying ways to promote the development of female African American leaders.
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Dixon, Dorenda Karen. "Family Continuity and Multiple Incarcerations Among African American Women." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2350.
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Scholars have studied incarceration among women in the United States of America for more than a decade, but few studies have explored the influence of repeated incarcerations among African American women and their family relationships. The research question for this study examined how African American women describe the effects of multiple incarcerations on family trust relationships and their ability to reintegrate into the family system and society. This multiple case study was conducted in Chicago, Illinois, and drew a sample of 4 African American women released from prison with histories of multiple incarcerations. The study explored their perspectives through a series of semistructured, in-depth interviews. Data consisted of narrative interview transcripts and artifacts collected and analyzed using a framework of feminist theory and critical criminology. Findings from the analysis indicated these African American women experienced profound and long-term devastation to relationships with family and friends following periods of multiple incarcerations. Repeated periods of imprisonment negatively altered their perceptions of themselves and reduced their social engagement with others. Results of repeated incarcerations included (a) broken trust with loved ones; (b) resentment, anger, and blame; and (c) permanent damage to social and family networks. This study contributes to social change by increasing understanding of the repercussions and effects of multiple incarcerations on African American women and family continuity, and the study offers insight into guiding program development to help families rebuild and stabilize.
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Robinson, Pamela Mischell. "Attribution Style and Depressive Symptoms Among African American Women." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3410.
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Homelessness is a major social problem in the United States and this nation has the largest number of homeless women. Minority women appear to be more affected than other individuals. Specifically, they are more vulnerable, impoverished, and disenfranchised than all other groups in the nation. These factors affect their emotional well-being and ability to move toward and achieve sustainability. Particularly, African-American women are disproportionately represented in the homeless population, yet they have not been adequately examined in research studies and there are minimal empirical studies that focus on homeless African-American women. Beck's cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and Weiner's attribution theory provided the theoretical foundation for this study. The purpose of this quantitative research was to investigate whether the length of time African-American women are homeless and their attribution style are associated with symptoms of depression. The data were obtained by administering a demographic questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and the Attributional Style Questionnaire-revised (ASQ-revised) to 70 African-American women living in a shelter and 2 transitional living centers in Charlotte, North Carolina. Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. The findings revealed no significant relationship between length of time homeless and depression or between attribution style and length of time homeless. There were no moderation effects. However, there was a significant positive relationship between attribution style and depression. The implications for positive social change include influencing polices pertaining to managing depressive symptoms of homeless African-American women to increase their chances of becoming re-housed.
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Glass, Yvonne N. "African American Women, Psychological Well-being, Religiosity, and Stress." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1416416324.
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Dubose, Lisa E. "Experiences in the Leadership Advancement of African American Women." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1510681105954819.
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Wood, Nikel Ayanna Rogers. "Examining an eating disorder model with African American women." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9720/.
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In the current study, I examined the general sociocultural model of eating disorders that suggests that sociocultural pressures leads to internalization, which in turn leads to body dissatisfaction and ultimately disordered eating. Because I am testing this model with a sample of African American women, I also am including acculturation as a variable of interest. Specifically, I hypothesized that (a) the experience of more societal pressure to be thin will be related to greater internalization, (b) higher levels of acculturation will be related to greater internalization, (c) internalization of the thin ideal will be directly and positively related to body image concern, and (d) body image concern will be associated with higher levels of disordered eating. It was determined that there is a direct, negative relationship between Level of Identification with Culture of Origin and Internalization. Perceived Pressure was directly and positively related to both Internalization and Body Image Concerns. Body Concerns and Internalization were both directly and positively related to Disordered Eating. These findings suggest that although many of the same constructs related to disordered eating in other ethnic groups are also related to disordered eating among African American women, the relationships between the factors differs across racial/ethnic groups. This information can help clinicians and researchers to better treat and understand the nature of disordered eating behavior and correlates among African American women.
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Brown, Amber M. "Utilization of Mental Health Services Amongst African-American Women." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2017. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/91.
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This thesis examines mental health utilization amongst African-American women. The study specifically investigated the factors that may predict help seeking behaviors: depression, stigma, African acculturation, mistrust, and religious commitment. The study also examined the role demographics has on African-American women utilizing mental health services. The study examined the following demographics, income, age, marital status, and education status. The sample size consisted 40 African American women, with ages ranging from 18 to 65. The results indicated that age and depression may impact African-American women seeking mental health services. The results showed that stigma, African acculturation, mistrust, religious commitment, income, marital status and education have no statistical significance in predicting African-American women utilizing mental health services.