Journal articles on the topic 'African American women African American women African American women'

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1

Henriques, Zelma W. "African-American Women:." Women & Criminal Justice 7, no. 1 (1996): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j012v07n01_04.

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2

Sadler, Cheryl, and Marlene Huff. "African-American Women." Orthopaedic Nursing 26, no. 2 (2007): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nor.0000265865.62856.9e.

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3

&NA;. "African-American Women." Orthopaedic Nursing 26, no. 2 (2007): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nor.0000265866.62856.45.

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4

Young, Elise, and Zengie Mangaliso. "South African and African American Women." Meridians 3, no. 1 (2002): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15366936-3.1.191.

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5

Olsen, Charlotte Shoup. "African-American Adolescent Women:." Marriage & Family Review 24, no. 1-2 (1997): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j002v24n01_06.

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6

Kitano, Margie K. "Gifted African American Women." Journal for the Education of the Gifted 21, no. 3 (1998): 254–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016235329802100302.

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This article describes factors affecting the life-span achievement of IS highly accomplished African American women from a national retrospective study of gifted women from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Participants were nominated as gifted by national professional organizations in their respective fields. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews of the women and telephone questionnaires administered to “parent” informants. Participants perceived that civil-rights and affirmative-action policies opened doors if they were already qualified. Interpreted within a cultural-ecological framework, findings suggested that cultural strengths plus their high ability enabled simultaneous acknowledgment of the effects of racism, sexism, and other hardships and application of positive coping strategies that are derived from these strengths.
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7

Outley, Corliss W., and Sharon McKenzie. "Older African American Women." Activities, Adaptation & Aging 31, no. 2 (2007): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j016v31n02_02.

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8

Hoffnar, Emily, and Michael Greene. "Residential Location and the Earnings of African American Women." Review of Black Political Economy 23, no. 3 (1995): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02689994.

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In comparing the earnings of African American women to three reference groups—white women, African American men, and white men—three principal findings emerge. First, African American women residing in the suburbs are worse off than any other suburban group. Second, central city African American women are worse off than any other group of central city residents. Third, while central city residence imposes a statistically significant earnings penalty on men of both races, no such penalty is found for African American or white women. Therefore, African American women will enjoy no earnings advantage if they move to the suburbs. This finding underscores the importance of including women in studies of residential location and the socioeconomic status of African Americans. A narrow focus on male data to inform policy is clearly insufficient.
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9

Abbyad, Christine, and Trina Reed Robertson. "African American Women’s Preparation for Childbirth From the Perspective of African American Health-Care Providers." Journal of Perinatal Education 20, no. 1 (2011): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.20.1.45.

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Preparation for birthing has focused primarily on Caucasian women. No studies have explored African American women’s birth preparation. From the perceptions of 12 African American maternity health-care providers, this study elicited perceptions of the ways in which pregnant African American women prepare for childbirth. Focus group participants answered seven semistructured questions. Four themes emerged: connecting with nurturers, traversing an unresponsive system, the need to be strong, and childbirth classes not a priority. Recommendations for nurses and childbirth educators include: (a) self-awareness of attitudes toward African Americans, (b) empowering of clients for birthing, (c) recognition of the role that pregnant women’s mothers play, (d) tailoring of childbirth classes for African American women, and (e) research on how racism influences pregnant African American women’s preparation for birthing.
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Musanga, Terrence, and Theophilus Mukhuba. "Toward the Survival and Wholeness of the African American Community: A Womanist Reading of Alice Walker’s The Color Purple (1982)." Journal of Black Studies 50, no. 4 (2019): 388–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934719835083.

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This article attempts a womanist reading of Alice Walker’s The Color Purple. Walker provides a gendered perspective of what it means to be “black,” “ugly,” “poor,” and a “woman” in America. This perspective is ignored in the majority of male-authored African American texts that privilege race and class issues. Being “black,” “poor,” “ugly,” and a “woman,” underscores the complexity of the African American woman’s experience as it condemns African American women into invisibility. However, Walker’s characters like Celie, Sofia, Shug, Mary Agnes, and Nettie fight for visibility and assist each other as African American women in their quest for freedom and independence in a capitalist, patriarchal, and racially polarized America. This article therefore maps out Celie’s evolution from being a submissive and uneducated “nobody” (invisible/voiceless) to a mature and independent “someone” (visibility/having a voice). Two important womanist concepts namely “family” and “sisterhood” inform this metamorphosis as Walker underscores her commitment to the survival and wholeness of African American people.
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Hudson, Crystal R., Marlissa Phillips, Tonya Smalls, and John Young. "Investment Behavior: Factors that Impact African American Women’s Investment Behavior." Review of Black Political Economy 48, no. 3 (2021): 349–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034644620986882.

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The wealth of African Americans has lagged behind that of the general US population. The key to understanding this may lie in African American women’s money management abilities and feelings relating to money because they are often the household’s money manager. This study answers the question, “If African American women had greater confidence in their ability to manage money, or had a positive attitude towards money, would they invest in the stock market more often and ultimately increase their net worth in this way?” Researchers studied a cross-section of African American women, using three logistic regression models and found that African American women who were sure of their ability to manage their finances and felt in control of their money were more likely to be investors. A higher number of younger African American women were investors, compared to older African American women. In addition, younger African American women had greater confidence in their money management ability than their older counterparts.
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12

Burlew, Ann Kathleen. "Age Differences in Knowledge about HIV Transmission among African-American Men and Women." Psychological Reports 101, no. 3_suppl (2007): 1133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.4.1133-1140.

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To test whether knowledge about HIV transmission may be one contributing factor to the disproportionately high rates of HIV and AIDS cases among older African Americans, this study examined data from 448 African-American men and women, who completed the AIDS Knowledge and Awareness Scale. Overall the findings supported the hypothesis that older African Americans were not as knowledgeable as their younger counterparts. However, the analyses also indicated older (age 61+) African-American women were significantly less knowledgeable about HIV transmission than the younger women. However, the difference between older and younger men was not significant. One implication is that older African Americans, especially women, should be targets of educational efforts.
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13

Stovall, Christina E., and Stephen A. Wright. "Reaching African-American and Native-American women." Cancer 83, S8 (1998): 1840–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19981015)83:8+<1840::aid-cncr35>3.0.co;2-s.

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14

Kessenich, Cathy R. "Osteoporosis and African-American women." Women's Health Issues 10, no. 6 (2000): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1049-3867(00)00065-7.

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15

Dicks, Barbara A. "African American Women and AIDS." Social Work in Health Care 19, no. 3-4 (1994): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j010v19n03_07.

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16

BOHANNON, ARLINE D. "Osteoporosis and African American Women." Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine 8, no. 5 (1999): 609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jwh.1.1999.8.609.

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17

Herbert Harris, Eboni T., DeAnne K. Hillfinger Messias, Shirley M. Timmons, Tisha M. Felder, and Robin Dawson Estrada. "Rest Among African American Women." Holistic Nursing Practice 32, no. 3 (2018): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hnp.0000000000000262.

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18

Franklin, Wanda J. "African American Women and Smoking." Journal of Christian Nursing 28, no. 3 (2011): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cnj.0b013e31821e24aa.

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19

Jones, Lani V., and Briggett Ford. "Depression in African American Women." Affilia 23, no. 2 (2008): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109908314324.

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20

McNair, Lily D. "African American Women in Therapy:." Women & Therapy 12, no. 1-2 (1992): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j015v12n01_02.

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21

Abney, Robertha. "African American Women in Sport." Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 70, no. 4 (1999): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.1999.10605911.

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22

Warren, Barbara Jones. "DEPRESSION in African-American Women." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 32, no. 3 (1994): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19940301-09.

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23

Assari, Shervin. "Educational Attainment Better Protects African American Women than African American Men Against Depressive Symptoms and Psychological Distress." Brain Sciences 8, no. 10 (2018): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8100182.

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Background: Recent research has shown smaller health effects of socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as education attainment for African Americans as compared to whites. However, less is known about diminished returns based on gender within African Americans. Aim: To test whether among African American men are at a relative disadvantage compared to women in terms of having improved mental health as a result of their education attainment. This study thus explored gender differences in the association between education attainment and mental health, using a representative sample of American adults. Methods: The National Survey of American Life (NSAL; 2003) recruited 3570 African American adults (2299 females and 1271 males). The dependent variables were depressive symptoms and psychological distress. The independent variable was education attainment. Race was the focal moderator. Age, employment status, and marital status were covariates. Linear regressions were used for data analysis. Results: In the pooled sample that included both male and female African American adults, high education attainment was associated with lower depressive symptoms and psychological distress, net of covariates. Significant interactions were found between gender and education attainment with effects on depressive symptoms and psychological distress, suggesting stronger protective effects of high education attainment against depressive symptoms and psychological distress for female as compared to male African Americans. Conclusion: A smaller gain in mental health with respect to educational attainment for male African American males as compared to African American females is in line with studies showing high risk of depression in African American men of high-socioeconomic status. High-SES African American men need screening for depression and psychological distress.
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24

Coker, Angela D., Hsin-Hsin Huang, and Susan Kashubeck-West. "Research With African Americans: Lessons Learned About Recruiting African American Women." Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development 37, no. 3 (2009): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2009.tb00099.x.

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25

Neal-Barnett, Angela M., and Janis H. Crowther. "To Be Female, Middle Class, Anxious, and Black." Psychology of Women Quarterly 24, no. 2 (2000): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2000.tb00193.x.

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Women of color theorists have suggested that the double minority status of gender and ethnicity places African American women at higher risk for anxiety. However, little information is available about anxiety disorders among African American women. The existing literature subsumes Black women under the general category of African Americans and focuses on low-income samples. In this study, we examine the manifestation of panic disorder in a sample of 15 predominantly middle-class African American women. We then compare these women to a group of 35 predominantly middle-class African American women without panic disorder on several factors, including presence of isolated sleep paralysis, presence of other anxiety disorders, help-seeking behavior, and victimization. Results indicate that African American women with panic disorder experienced isolated sleep paralysis, and that both groups had high levels of sexual victimization. Help-seeking among women with panic and other anxiety disorders was limited to relationship difficulties, sexual assault, and bereavement.
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26

Weaver, Charles N. "Happiness of Asian Americans." Psychological Reports 93, no. 3_suppl (2003): 1032–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.3f.1032.

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Past surveys found a positive relation between job satisfaction and socioeconomic status, with Asian Americans scoring low and African Americans and Euro-Americans scoring higher. As job satisfaction is a component of happiness, the question arises whether this relationship holds for happiness in general. Responses of a sample of 499 Asian Americans, 24,432 Euro-Americans, and 2,828 African Americans were analyzed. For both sexes, Asian Americans rated happiness significantly higher than African Americans. The rated happiness of Asian American and Euro-American men was not significantly different, but Asian-American women rated happiness significantly lower than Euro-American women. Mean differences were less than one point.
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27

Gidlow, Liette. "THE SEQUEL: THE FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT, THE NINETEENTH AMENDMENT, AND SOUTHERN BLACK WOMEN'S STRUGGLE TO VOTE." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 17, no. 3 (2018): 433–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781418000051.

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This essay reframes both the woman suffrage narrative and narratives of African American voting rights struggles by focusing on the experiences of southern African American women between the 1870s and the 1920s. It argues that the Fifteenth Amendment remained central to their suffrage strategy long after the failure of the “New Departure” to win court sanction caused white suffragists to abandon it. As white supremacists in the South worked at the turn of the century to disfranchise black men, leading African American suffragists such as Mary Church Terrell, Gertrude Bustill Mossell, and Adella Hunt Logan called for the enforcement of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments as well as the enfranchisement of black women. After the federal woman suffrage amendment was ratified in 1920, many southern African American women encountered the same barriers to voting—obstructionist tactics, threats, and violence—that black men had faced a generation earlier. In short, for aspiring African American voters in the South, the failure of the Nineteenth Amendment to secure voting rights for black women constituted a sad sequel to the failure of the Fifteenth Amendment to secure voting rights for black men.This interpretation offers three significant interventions. It pairs the Reconstruction-era Amendments with the Nineteenth Amendment, recognizing their shared focus on voting rights. It connects the voting rights struggles of southern African Americans across genders and generations. Finally, it finds that, for some women, the canonical “century of struggle” for voting rights continued long after the Nineteenth Amendment was ratified.
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Duthely, Lunthita M., Jose A. Carugno, Cayla Y. Suthumphong, Erica B. Feldman, and JoNell E. Potter. "Vaginal Dysplasia and HIV: An African American and Caribbean American Cohort Study." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2019 (January 1, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6189837.

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Background. Vaginal cancer is a rare disease with poor clinical outcomes and limited therapeutic options. In the United States (US), minority women and older women are disproportionately diagnosed with late-stage vaginal cancer. Sociodemographic characteristics, risk behaviors, and cooccurring conditions are linked to vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN). The diagnosis of VaIN is more prevalent among older women and women living with HIV (WLWH). The Caribbean basin has one of the highest rates of anogenital cancers in the Western Hemisphere. In the US, vaginal infections are more prevalent among Caribbean women, and these infections contribute to higher rates of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Given the high rate of anogenital cancers in the Caribbean and the high rates of HPV among Caribbean women in the US, we sought to describe the occurrence of VaIN in a cohort of Black non-Hispanic WLWH. The cohort was followed by an interdisciplinary team of providers with the University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine. Results. Caribbean Americans were living with HIV longer and more were uninsured; more African Americans endorsed cigarette and illicit substance use. Caribbean Americans trended towards the highest grades of VaIN (VaIN 2+) at baseline, but more African Americans progressed to VaIN 2+ in subsequent biopsies. Conclusion. In this cohort of Caribbean American and African American women living with HIV diagnosed with VaIN, Caribbean Americans had the highest grade of VaIN at baseline, but more African Americans progressed to more advanced stages of the disease.
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Gross, Tyra Toston, Marsha Davis, Alex K. Anderson, Jori Hall, and Karen Hilyard. "Long-Term Breastfeeding in African American Mothers." Journal of Human Lactation 33, no. 1 (2017): 128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334416680180.

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Background: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 39.1% of African American infants are breastfed at 6 months. However, few studies have explored the breastfeeding experiences of African American women who successfully breastfeed to 6 months or longer durations. Research aim: The goal of this qualitative study was to explore the long-term breastfeeding experiences of low-income African American women using the positive deviance approach. Methods: African American women with breastfeeding experience were recruited through Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) breastfeeding peer counselors. Eligibility criteria included being age 18 or older, currently participating in WIC, and having breastfed one child for at least 6 months in the past 2 years. Semistructured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 11 participants. Interviews were audio-recorded and professionally transcribed. Transcripts were then analyzed for emerging themes using thematic analysis in NVivo software. Results: Participants had on average three children each, with an average length of breastfeeding of 10.5 months per child. Four main themes developed: (a) deciding to breastfeed, (b) initiating breastfeeding, (c) breastfeeding long-term, and (d) expanding breastfeeding support. Participants offered culturally tailored suggestions to improve breastfeeding support for other African American women: prenatal discussions of breastfeeding with health care providers, African American lactation support personnel and breastfeeding support groups, and African American breastfeeding promotion in print and digital media. Conclusion: Women who participated in this study breastfed for longer durations than the national average for African Americans. Findings can inform practice and research efforts to improve breastfeeding rates in this population using lessons learned from successful women.
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Sales, Shannon, Monica Galloway Burke, and Colin Cannonier. "African American women leadership across contexts." Journal of Management History 26, no. 3 (2019): 353–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-04-2019-0027.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine women leaders from diverse career backgrounds and ethnicities to discover their perspectives of their leadership roles and empowerment to determine similarities and differences among them, focusing on the perspectives of African American women. Design/methodology/approach The review process began with a comprehensive review of African American women in history in the context of leadership and empowerment. Next, a Q-sort methodology was used as a semi-qualitative approach for women leaders to rank words of empowerment and facilitate discussions among these women. The Q methodology is known for exploring issues that are correlated with individuals who are influenced with personal feelings and opinions. Findings The paper concludes that perceptions of leadership roles differ among the African American women leaders when compared to other ethnicities. The results support the idea that women from diverse ethnic backgrounds have different experiences in the workplace, and these experiences influence how they identify factors they perceive as beneficial to them in terms of their perspectives on leadership and empowerment. Several themes emerged for African American women leaders including being overlooked, marginalized, undervalued and unappreciated in their professions as leaders due to their dual minority status. As it is now as it was in the past, such barriers can deter or stop progression for African American women leaders. Originality/value The history of African American women in leadership roles is scantily recognized or not recognized at all. This paper highlights leadership roles and barriers for African American women currently in leadership roles in contrast to other women. The issues they face are still similar to those faced by African American women in earlier decades in spite of increased career mobility. A relatively understudied topic in leadership and management history in general, this paper provides a unique lens from which to build awareness about the leadership roles and empowerment of African American women and to effect needed change.
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31

Johnson, Monica J., and Amy L. Reynolds. "Factors Influencing Academic Success Among African American College Women: The Impact of African American Acculturation and Religiosity." Journal of Black Psychology 44, no. 5 (2018): 403–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798418777400.

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African Americans are historically an underresearched, underrepresented, and underserved population. Furthermore, academic success research has primarily focused on White students, thus creating questions as to the appropriateness of generalizing results to students of color. This study explored factors that influence academic success in African American college women, specifically examining the impact of African American acculturation and religiosity. A total of 129 self-identified Black/African American college women completed an online survey assessing level of acculturation, religious commitment, and academic college success as determined by GPA and a college student academic success inventory. Simple regression analysis revealed that the relationship between acculturation and GPA was found to be statistically indiscernible, as was the relationship between GPA and religiosity. Significant relationships were found between the independent variables, African American acculturation and religiosity, and certain domains of the success inventory utilized in this study. The results of this study add to the current and contradictory research involving factors that influence African American women college success. This study provides suggestions for future research on this topic.
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Nurhayati, Ari. "INTERSECTING OPPRESSION OF GENDER AND RACE IN TONI MORRISON’S THE BLUEST EYE AND GOD HELP THE CHILD." LITERA 18, no. 3 (2019): 379–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v18i3.27796.

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White domination in America can make white ideology of beauty spread and influence the African-American society. Toni Morrison’s novels, The Bluest Eye and God Help the Child, depict the influence. This study attemps to uncover the intersecting oppression of race and gender in the novels and to explain how African-American women cope with the oppression. This study is descriptive qualitative research. The data sources are Morrison’s novels The Bluest Eyeand God Help the Child. The study has two findings. Firstly, African-American society experiences oppression as an impact of the white beauty hegemony. The most disadvantageous oppression is the internalization of white beauty values. Holding such values makes African-American women feel inferior and hate their own physical characteristics that are far from the white ideal of beauty. Meanwhile, African-American women who have darker skin colors experience the hardest oppression because they also become the victims of oppression committed by some circles of African-American society, which tend to consider them unequal. It reflects the complexity of oppression experienced by African-American women. Secondly,self-consciousness is the main factor of attempts to release them from the oppression. Without self-consciousness, African-American women can be trapped in values that deteriorate their self-pride of identity.Keywords: intersecting oppression, African-American women, skin color
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Ferguson, Christopher J., and Charles Negy. "The Influence of Gender and Ethnicity on Judgments of Culpability in a Domestic Violence Scenario." Violence and Victims 19, no. 2 (2004): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.19.2.203.64103.

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Using an experimental analog design, in this study we examined 503 European American, African American, and Latino undergraduate students’ responses to a domestic violence scenario in which the ethnicity and gender of the perpetrator were manipulated. Results indicated that participants perceived perpetration of domestic assault significantly more criminal when committed by a man than when committed by a woman. That finding was robust across European Americans, African Americans, and Latinos and was expressed by both genders. Also, European American participants expressed significantly more criticism toward African American perpetrators of assault than they did toward European American and Latino perpetrators of the exact offense, suggestive of racial bias consistent with stereotypes about African Americans being excessively aggressive. Finally, Latino participants expressed significantly more sympathy toward women who assault their husbands than toward assaulting husbands. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Paige, David M., Frank R. Witter, Yvonne L. Bronner, Lisa A. Kessler, Jay A. Perman, and Tara R. Paige. "Lactose digestion in pregnant African-Americans." Public Health Nutrition 6, no. 8 (2003): 801–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2003489.

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AbstractObjective:This paper reports on the status of lactose digestion during early and late pregnancy and at 8 weeks postpartum in an African-American population. The hypothesis is that lactose digestion and milk tolerance do not change throughout pregnancy anddo not differ from those of non-pregnant African-American women.Design and subjects:This longitudinal study determined lactose digestion after ingesting 240 ml of 1% fat milk containing 12g of lactose at: (1) early pregnancy, prior to 16 weeks (n = 148); (2) late pregnancy, 30–35 weeks (n = 77); and (3) 8 weeks postpartum (n = 93). One hundred and one comparably matched non-pregnant African-American women served as controls.Results:Prevalence of lactose digestion, as measured by breath hydrogen, was 80.2% in the control women, 66.2% in early pregnancy, 68.8% in late pregnancy and 75.3% postpartum. The prevalence of women reporting symptoms was approximately 20% regardless of lactose absorption status. However, the control women reported significantly more symptoms than did the pregnant women.Conclusions:This study indicates that there is no significant change in lactose digestion during pregnancy. The prevalence of lactose intolerance for the pregnant African-American women studied is similar to that for non-pregnant African-American women and similar to previous prevalence reports in adult African-Americans. There was no change in the tolerance of lactose noted during pregnancy in these women. There were, however, fewer symptoms reported by the lactose-maldigesting pregnant women.
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Clark, Kathleen M. "Women who count: Honoring African American women mathematicians." British Journal for the History of Mathematics 35, no. 3 (2020): 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/26375451.2020.1778282.

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36

Carpenter, William H., Tekum Fonong, Michael J. Toth, et al. "Total daily energy expenditure in free-living older African-Americans and Caucasians." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 274, no. 1 (1998): E96—E101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1998.274.1.e96.

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Low rates of daily energy expenditure, increased energy intake, or a combination of both contribute to obesity in African-Americans. We examined whether African-Americans have lower rates of free-living daily energy expenditure than Caucasians. One hundred sixty-four (&gt;55 yr) volunteers (37 African-American women, 52 Caucasian women, 28 African-American men, and 47 Caucasian men) were characterized for total daily energy expenditure, resting metabolic rate, and physical activity energy expenditure from the doubly labeled water method and indirect calorimetry. Absolute total daily energy expenditure was lower in women than men but was not different between African-Americans and Caucasians. However, we found race and gender differences in total daily energy expenditure after controlling for differences in fat-free mass. Total daily energy expenditure was 10% lower ( P &lt; 0.01) in African-Americans compared with Caucasians due to a 5% lower resting metabolic rate ( P &lt; 0.01) and 19% lower physical activity energy expenditure ( P = 0.08). Moreover, total daily energy expenditure was 16% lower ( P &lt; 0.01) in women compared with men due to a 6% lower resting metabolic rate ( P = 0.09) and a 37% lower physical activity energy expenditure ( P = 0.06). Low rates of energy expenditure may be a predisposing factor for obesity, particularly in African-American women.
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Omaira, M., M. Mozayen, R. Mushtaq, and K. Katato. "Ethnic disparity of treatment initiation in women diagnosed with breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 27_suppl (2011): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.27_suppl.189.

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189 Background: Despite the major advances in early detection and treatment of breast cancer (BC), African American women, continued to have a higher mortality rates than Caucasians. Many studies have failed to identify a key factor to explain racial disparities in breast cancer outcome. These disparities persist even after controlling for insurance and socioeconomic settings. Data about delays in treatment initiation are limited and inconclusive. We intend to compare the time from diagnosis to the initiation of treatment between African American and Caucasian women diagnosed with BC in a single community-based cancer registry. Methods: Women aged 18 to 64 years with breast cancer were identified, between 1993 and 2009, using data from the Tumor Registry at Hurley Medical Center in Flint, Michigan. Patient’s characteristics obtained include age at diagnosis, race, stage, date of diagnosis, and date of treatment initiation. All patients were previously insured or became insured after diagnosis. Time from diagnosis to the initiation of treatment was calculated in days and compared between African American and Caucasian women using t-test. Results: A total of 1016 patients have been identified with diagnosis of BC. 23 patients were excluded due to missing data. 993 patients were analyzed. African Americans were 355 (36%), Caucasians 617 (62%), and other ethnicities 21 (2%). Mean age at diagnosis was (48.9) for African Americans versus (51.45) for Caucasians (p = 0.005). African American women were more likely to present with advanced stage (III, IV) than Caucasians (18% versus 12%, p = 0.009). African American women had significant delay in the treatment initiation of BC compared to Caucasians (31.11 versus 21.52 days, p &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: African American women were diagnosed with breast cancer at younger age and more advanced disease than Caucasians. African American women experienced significant delay in the initiation of therapy after diagnosis compared to Caucasians. However, the impact of an average delay of 10 days in treatment on overall survival is unknown. The exact explanation of this disparity is yet to be determined.
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38

Brown, Rae Linda. "Kaleidoscope: Music by African-American Women." American Music 16, no. 1 (1998): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3052687.

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Newman, Lisa A. "Breast Cancer in African‐American Women." Oncologist 10, no. 1 (2005): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.10-1-1.

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Parker, Kimberly. "African American women surviving HIV/AIDS." Lancet Infectious Diseases 17, no. 9 (2017): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(17)30463-2.

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Lang, Eurydice. "Breastfeeding Experiences of African American Women." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 48, no. 3 (2019): S130—S131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jogn.2019.04.219.

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Stringer, Nelson H. "Laparoscopic myomectomy in African-American women." Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists 3, no. 3 (1996): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1074-3804(96)80067-3.

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Weinberg, Beth A., and Jane M. Simoni. "African American Women, AIDS, and Resiliency." Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services 2, no. 3 (2004): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j187v02n03_05.

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Dahlem, Chin Hwa Y., Antonia M. Villarruel, and David L. Ronis. "African American Women and Prenatal Care." Western Journal of Nursing Research 37, no. 2 (2014): 217–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945914533747.

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Gilbert, Dorie J., and Lawford Goddard. "HIV Prevention Targeting African American Women." Family & Community Health 30 (January 2007): S109—S111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003727-200701001-00015.

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Conway-Phillips, Regina, and Linda Witek Janusek. "Exploring Spirituality Among African American Women." Holistic Nursing Practice 30, no. 6 (2016): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hnp.0000000000000173.

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Appel, Susan J., Robert A. Oster, Natalie A. Floyd, and Fernando Ovalle. "Cardiometabolic Risk Among African American Women." Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 24, no. 2 (2009): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jcn.0b013e318197aa3a.

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Bender, Mary L. "Suicide and older African‐American women." Mortality 5, no. 2 (2000): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713686004.

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Curtis-Boles, Harriet, and Valata Jenkins-Monroe. "Substance Abuse in African American Women." Journal of Black Psychology 26, no. 4 (2000): 450–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798400026004007.

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Lewis, Edith A. "Role Strain in African-American Women." Journal of Black Studies 20, no. 2 (1989): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002193478902000203.

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