Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / African Americans – Education (Higher) – History

Contents

Journal articles
Dissertations / Theses
Books
Book chapters
Conference papers
Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'African Americans – Education (Higher) – History'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'African Americans – Education (Higher) – History.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "African Americans – Education (Higher) – History"

1

Todorinova, Lily. "Race and the Yale Report of 1828." History of Education Quarterly 64, no. 1 (2024): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/heq.2023.51.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis essay recontextualizes the Yale Report of 1828, arguing that the report’s advocacy for classical liberal education should be understood alongside the racial concerns of its authors, some of whom were well-known colonizationists who viewed African American education as a threat to New Haven’s social and economic stability. The Yale Report’s vision for leadership and economic success not only excluded African Americans by default, but created a lasting binary that defined Black educational opportunities in the nineteenth century and beyond. The essay considers the near overlap betwe

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Johnson, Larry, Deirdre Cobb-Roberts, and Barbara Shircliffe. "African Americans and the Struggle for Opportunity in Florida Public Higher Education, 1947-1977." History of Education Quarterly 47, no. 3 (2007): 328–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2007.00103.x.

Full text

Abstract:

In the decades following World War II, access to higher education became an important vehicle for expanding opportunity in the United States. The African American-led Civil Rights Movement challenged discrimination in higher education at a time when state and federal government leaders saw strengthening public higher education as necessary for future economic growth and development. Nationally, the 1947 President's Commission on Higher Education report Higher Education for American Democracy advocated dismantling racial, geographic, and economic barriers to college by radically expanding publi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Kaba, Amadu J. "Progress of African Americans in higher education attainment: The widening gender gap and its current and future implications." education policy analysis archives 13 (April 6, 2005): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v13n25.2005.

Full text

Abstract:

This research argues that despite all of the obstacles that African Americans have confronted in the history of the United States, they have made substantial progress in higher education attainment from the 1970s to the beginning of the 21st century. It reveals that the rise in attainment of college and university degrees has resulted in a substantial increase in living standards and that African Americans are making important economic, social and political contributions to the United States. I present several reasons why black males are not performing as well as black females in higher educat

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Moss, Hilary J. "Education's Inequity: Opposition to Black Higher Education in Antebellum Connecticut." History of Education Quarterly 46, no. 1 (2006): 16–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2006.tb00168.x.

Full text

Abstract:

New Haven, thou hast rashly done a deed,Which shrouds thy glory in a black eclipse;Whereof in view the hearts of good men bleed,The friend, yet, strange to tell, the foe of light!Preceptor of the age, yet dost denyTo Brethren—countrymen—the common rightTheir empty minds with knowledge to supply!Encourager of learning-science-artsYet hostile to a race who fain would learn!When from the dust a sable brother starts,Suffering thy cheeks with angry fire to burn!Would I might give the honors of Old Yale,To blot from history's page this most disgraceful tale.—William Lloyd Garrison, October 8, 1831.I

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Adinkrah, Edward K., Sharon Cobb, and Mohsen Bazargan. "Delayed Medical Care of Underserved Middle-Aged and Older African Americans with Chronic Disease during COVID-19 Pandemic." Healthcare 11, no. 4 (2023): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040595.

Full text

Abstract:

While African American middle-aged and older adults with chronic disease are particularly vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is unknown which subgroups of this population may delay seeking care. The aim of this study was to examine demographic, socioeconomic, COVID-19-related, and health-related factors that correlate with delayed care in African American middle-aged and older adults with chronic disease. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 150 African American middle-aged and older adults who had at least one chronic disease were recruited from faith-based organizations. We measu

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Behnken, Brian D., and Amilcar Shabazz. "Advancing Democracy: African Americans and the Struggle for Access and Equity in Higher Education in Texas." Arkansas Historical Quarterly 64, no. 1 (2005): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40018573.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Gillette, Michael L., and Amilcar Shabazz. "Advancing Democracy: African Americans and the Struggle for Access and Equity in Higher Education in Texas." Journal of Southern History 71, no. 2 (2005): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27648799.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Weiler, Kathleen. "Mabel Carney at Teachers College: From Home Missionary to White Ally." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 107, no. 12 (2005): 2599–633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810510701203.

Full text

Abstract:

This article discusses the career of Mabel Carney, head of the Department of Rural Education at Teachers College from 1918 to 1941. Carney was deeply involved with African American and African education, traveling to Africa and the American South, teaching courses on “Negro education,” and working closely with both African and African American graduate students. When she retired from Teachers College in 1942, she was given an honorary doctorate from Howard University for her support of African American education. She died in 1968. Carney is barely mentioned in educational histories of the peri

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Richardson, Sydney D. "Higher Education Leaders as Entre-Employees: A Narrative Study." American Journal of Qualitative Research 7, no. 3 (2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/13222.

Full text

Abstract:

<i>During 2020, the world experienced a pandemic that led to sickness, death, and a global shutdown. Businesses closed, governments worked to keep people paid during the shutdown, children learned from their homes, and adults worked from home (for those who could).&nbsp; Other adults lost their jobs due to downsizing during the pandemic, while others quit their jobs, starting the great resignation (Cook 2021). Among those affected were African American women who launched their own companies, even those with leadership roles in higher education. Whether they did so as a side business

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Kahsay, Eskira, Rodlescia Sneed, Chuwen Zhong, and Briana Mezuk. "INCARCERATION HISTORY AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH COGNITION AND ISOLATION AMONG OLDER BLACK AMERICANS." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (2023): 262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.0873.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Incarceration is a risk factor for adverse health and disproportionately affects Black Americans. Little is known about its implications for later life functioning. This study investigated the associations between incarceration and social isolation and cognition among older Black Americans. Sample included African American and Caribbean Black respondents aged 50+ from the National Survey of American Life, 2001-2003 (N=1,561; 12.6% with incarceration history). Lifetime incarceration history (yes/no) was defined as having been in jail, prison, or juvenile detention. Continuous cognitive

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "African Americans – Education (Higher) – History"

1

Allen, William L. "The Demise of Industrial Education for African Americans: ||Revisiting the Industrial Curriculum in Higher Education." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1189474472.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Deel, Anthony Blaine. "Virginia's minimal resistance : the desegregation of public graduate and professional education, 1935-1955 /." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05022009-040731/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Hogan, Christopher James. "EXAMINING THE AFRICAN AMERICAN MALE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF BARRIERS AND FACTORS FOR SUCCESS." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1310390628.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Ferguson, Janice Y. "Anna Julia Cooper: A Quintessential Leader." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1420567813.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Hinton, Armenta. "Applying a Leadership Framework to Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) Post Fordice." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1382358660.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Ellis, Rex Marshall. "Presenting the past: Education, interpretation and the teaching of black history at Colonial Williamsburg." W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618660.

Full text

Abstract:

The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation began in 1926. Within four years after its initial construction, the need to begin some means of presenting information to a growing population of visitors became apparent. In this study, an attempt will be made to answer the question, "How has the history of interpretation at Colonial Williamsburg influenced its teaching of black history?".;The major research question and the subsidiary questions were prompted by the recent inclusion of a black history program at the foundation. In this study, primary focus will be given to the history of interpretation at

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Foote, Ruth Anita. ""Just as Brutal?But without All the Fanfare"| African American Students, Racism, and Defiance during the Desegregation of Southwestern Louisiana Institute, 1954-1964." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10826803.

Full text

Abstract:

<p> In 1954, Southwestern Louisiana Institute (now the University of Louisiana at Lafayette) became the first undergraduate school in the Deep South to desegregate. Its acclaim as the first, however, was promoted only because it lost as a defendant in <i>Clara Dell Constantine et al. v. Southwestern Louisiana Institute et al.</i> What occurred then, and the indignities experienced by African American students during that first decade has never been fully documented. The black experience was figuratively and literally blacked out. </p><p> African American students found themselves receiving l

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Simmons, Elijah. "WHERE IS MA MIGO? : CRITICAL REFLECTIONS ON BLACK EMBODIMENT IN WRITING CENTERS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1501284948474072.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Boykin, Keyna Kirklen Cobb. "Black Degrees Matter| A Phenomenological Study of Southern Californians with HBCU Bachelors' and Mainstream Institutional Graduate Degrees in California." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10283861.

Full text

Abstract:

<p> Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) were established with the main objective of identifying and empowering people of African descent. Over the years, these institutions have grown, enrolling 16% of Black high school graduates and during graduation, almost 20% of African-American graduates. Using a qualitative study design, the main goal of this study was to identify the effectiveness of HBCUs’ ability to serve the interests and needs of African-American students who chose to attend and graduate from HBCUs as undergraduate students then attend and graduate from gradua

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Darnell, Carl. "Sharecropping in Higher Education| Case Study of the Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University - Florida State University Joint College of Engineering." Thesis, Indiana University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10680544.

Full text

Abstract:

<p> Historically Black Colleges and Universities have historically been given less funding than White institutions, a known discrepancy partially rectified by the Civil Rights era desegregation lawsuits. The court-ordered funding, however, came with race-based restrictions for public HBCUs, and many lost academic programs to traditionally White institutions. In numerous situations, Black colleges were closed outright or merged with White institutions. The following study explores the unique case of an HBCU coerced into merging an academic unit with a neighboring historically White university.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Books on the topic "African Americans – Education (Higher) – History"

1

1927-, Willie Charles Vert, Garibaldi Antoine M, Reed Wornie L, and William Monroe Trotter Institute, eds. The Education of African-Americans. Auburn House, 1991.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

1954-, Williams Lonnie R., ed. Remembrances in Black: Personal perspectives of the African American experience at the University of Arkansas, 1940s-2000s. University of Arkansas Press, 2010.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Illinois Committee on Black Concerns in Higher Education., ed. Quest for community: The history of the Illinois Committee on Black Concerns in Higher Education. The Committee, 1993.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Walther, Erskine S. Some readings on historically black colleges and universities. Management Information and Research, 1994.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Lucas, H. J. Not for ourselves alone: The legacies of two pioneers of black higher educational institutions in the United States. Information Age Publishing, Inc., 2015.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Murphy, E. Louise. The history of Winston-Salem State University, 1892-1995. Donning Co., 1999.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Hill, Susan. The traditionally black institutions of higher education, 1860 to 1982. U.S. Dept. of Education, Office of Educational Research and Imporvement, National Center for Education Statistics, 1985.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Sagini, Meshack M. The African and the African American university: A historical and sociological analysis. University Press of America, 1996.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Jahannes, Ja A. An unfailing legacy: Lincoln University, PA. Turner Mayfield Publishing, 2012.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Peter, Wallenstein, ed. Higher education and the civil rights movement: White supremacy, black Southerners, and college campuses. University Press of Florida, 2008.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Book chapters on the topic "African Americans – Education (Higher) – History"

1

Perkins, Linda M. "African American Women, Femininity and Their History in Physical Education and Sports in American Higher Education: From World War I Through the Mid-century." In ‘Femininity’ and the History of Women's Education. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54233-7_3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Page, TaNeisha R. "African Americans in Higher Education." In Black Americans in Higher Education. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429266560-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Wiley, J. W. "Retaining African-American Administrators." In Retaining African Americans in Higher Education. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003446828-10.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Anderson, Eugene L. "Alternatives to Racebased Admissions in Higher Education." In Retaining African Americans in Higher Education. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003446828-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Kirkland, Kipchoge N. "Developing an African Center in the Academy." In Retaining African Americans in Higher Education. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003446828-12.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Branch, André J. "How to Retain African-American Faculty During Times of Challenge for Higher Education." In Retaining African Americans in Higher Education. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003446828-15.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Watson, Lemuel W. "The Politics of Tenure and Promotion of African-American Faculty." In Retaining African Americans in Higher Education. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003446828-19.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Jones, Lee. "Organizing the Structure of the University to Achieve Success in Recruiting and Retaining African Americans in Higher Education." In Retaining African Americans in Higher Education. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003446828-21.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Alridge, Derrick P. "Redefining and Refining Scholarship for the Academy." In Retaining African Americans in Higher Education. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003446828-16.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

De Sousa, Jason. "Reexamining the Educational Pipeline for African-American Students." In Retaining African Americans in Higher Education. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003446828-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "African Americans – Education (Higher) – History"

1

Zaborowska, Magdalena J., and Juan J. Rodríguez Barrera. "Black Digital Humanities in Interdisciplinary Undergraduate Teaching on Diversity, Gender, and Sexuality." In Ninth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head23.2023.16101.

Full text

Abstract:

Two undergraduate courses (2020-23) introduce students interested in the humanities and computing to the life, works, and intellectual and material legacy of the world-famous African American writer and activist James Baldwin (1924-1987). Cross-listed with the Afroamerican, American Culture, Digital Studies, and English Departments, these courses utilize an open-access digital collection documenting Baldwin’s life and his selected works. Through innovative and experiential application of literary history in conversation with the emerging fields of Black Digital Studies and Black Digital Humani

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Mizelle, Nathalie, James Maiden, Quintin Boston, and Anthony Andrews. "Systematic Racism: Racial Disparities in Mental Health during COVID-19." In 2nd Annual Faculty Senate Research Conference: Higher Education During Pandemics. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.135.10.

Full text

Abstract:

Systemic racism exacerbates the adverse impacts of social determinants of health, causing health disparities for African Americans. The COVID-19 pandemic's effect on communities of color has provided more attention and respect to African Americans' need for mental health care. This conceptual article explores COVID-19 and systemic racism disproportionately affecting African Americans' mental health and psychological well-being. The article also provides recommendations for counselor educators and mental health professionals to combat the problem.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Sneed, Lauren. "Radical Imagination: Formerly Incarcerated African Americans’ Reintegration to Higher Education Through a Counseling Lens." In 2024 AERA Annual Meeting. AERA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/2102493.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Broadnax, Pier A. "African American Nurse’s Hesitancy to Obtain COVID-19 Vaccinations." In 2nd Annual Faculty Senate Research Conference: Higher Education During Pandemics. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.135.7.

Full text

Abstract:

It has been over a year since the first laboratory-confirmed case of the Coronavirus -19 disease (COVID-19) was detected in the United States. Since then, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation, there have been over 31, 023,000 citizens diagnosed with the disease, resulting in over 560,315 deaths. Although the rate of citizens being diagnosed with the virus as well as the number of deaths has slowed down since the use of the vaccine, there are still concerns regarding sections of communities and various minority groups who are resistant to obtaining the vaccines. Vaccines first became avail

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

SMITH, JENNIFER. "Placemaking through Storytelling: Remembering Sacred Spaces." In 2021 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference. ACSA Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.21.15.

Full text

Abstract:

In an Alabama town there is a bottom-up movement to communicate under-represented, African-American history through a series of “sacred sites” in the landscape. This under- represented history includes: former slaves engaged in early city development, Black land owners, redlining practices, and racial injustice. History education presently does not have the capacity to fully discuss these truths, and there is a movement to make them apparent in our cities. Rosenwald Schools, lynching sites, cemeteries, and formerly segregated schools are considered sacred due to their significance in the Afric

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Chu, Heaven, Sarah Tamous, Ashhabal Kavvi, and Amin Khan. "Diabetes Health Education for South Jersey Communities." In 28th Annual Rowan-Virtua Research Day. Rowan University Libraries, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31986/issn.2689-0690_rdw.stratford_research_day.133_2024.

Full text

Abstract:

Diabetes is a chronic health condition that hinders the body’s metabolic process using insulin to maintain glycemic homeostasis. It is prevalent worldwide, with about 10% of the global adult population affected. Socio-economic and cultural factors and determinants make diabetes and diabetes management more of a health risk for certain populations rather than others. The prevalence of diabetes in the United States is higher than the global average and the risk factors disproportionately affect disadvantaged communities. This study was designed to investigate health disparities in diabetes among

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Ignjatijević, Svetlana, and Jelena Vapa Tankosić. "ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN PERSONAL AND BUSINESS TRAVEL SERVICES." In The Sixth International Scientific Conference - TOURISM CHALLENGES AMID COVID-19, Thematic Proceedings. FACULTY OF HOTEL MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM IN VRNJAČKA BANJA UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52370/tisc21517si.

Full text

Abstract:

The world today is facing one of the worst pandemics in modern history. Around the world, financial markets are in serious difficulties, the consequences of which have begun to spill over into the tourism sector. Covid-19 has caused sharp contractions in economic development, reduced mobility and has contacted tourism flows as the international tourist arrivals in most world sub-regions recorded declines from -60% to -70%. The aim of this paper is to analyze the international travel in the field of personal and business travel in the period of 2010-2019 exported to and imported from the Republ

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Grigorieva, Svetlana V. "THE EVOLUTION OF UNDERSTANDING THE NEW HISTORY OF AFRICAN COUNTRIES IN SOVIET HIGH SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS." In 32nd International Congress on Source Studies and Historiography of Asia and Africa “Russia and the East. Сommemorating 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg State University. St. Petersburg State University, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288064135.21.

Full text

Abstract:

The article analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of Soviet university textbooks on the new history of Asian and African countries. The emphasis is on presenting the history of the countries of the African continent in them, which is the scientific novelty of this study. Consideration in the article of three generations of textbooks, prepared mainly by scientists of the Moscow school of orientalists, allows us to conclude that this type of educational literature played an important role in the formation of knowledge of students of the former Soviet Union in African studies, the study of which

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "African Americans – Education (Higher) – History"

1

Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.

Full text

Abstract:

In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employe

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!