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Journal articles on the topic 'African Americans – Education (Higher) – Texas'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Gillette, Michael L., and Amilcar Shabazz. "Advancing Democracy: African Americans and the Struggle for Access and Equity in Higher Education in Texas." Journal of Southern History 71, no. 2 (2005): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27648799.

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Behnken, Brian D., and Amilcar Shabazz. "Advancing Democracy: African Americans and the Struggle for Access and Equity in Higher Education in Texas." Arkansas Historical Quarterly 64, no. 1 (2005): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40018573.

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Freeman, Kassie. "Amilcar Shabazz, Advancing Democracy: African Americans and the Struggle for Access and Equity in Higher Education in Texas." Journal of African American History 90, no. 4 (2005): 450–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jaahv90n4p450.

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Ghazzawi, Dina, Lyle McKinney, Catherine Lynn Horn, Vincent Carales, and Andrea Burridge. "The Road to the Baccalaureate." Journal of International Students 10, no. 2 (2020): 420–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v10i2.339.

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International students are increasingly enrolling in U.S community colleges as a starting point to their higher education. However, limited research examines the factors contributing to their successful transfer to a 4-year institution and bachelor degree attainment. Utilizing longitudinal transcript data from a large community college district in Texas, this study uses hierarchical logistical regression to compare college experiences and transfer outcomes based on region of origin. Findings demonstrate that while Sub-Saharan African students have a significantly higher probability of transfer

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Johnson, Joan Marie. "Amilcar Shabazz. Advancing Democracy: African Americans and the Struggle for Access and Equity in Higher Education in Texas. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004. 376 pp. Cloth $49.95, paper $19.95." History of Education Quarterly 45, no. 2 (2005): 322–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018268000039959.

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Blanton, C. K. "AMILCAR SHABAZZ. Advancing Democracy: African Americans and the Struggle for Access and Equity in Higher Education in Texas. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 2004. Pp. xiii, 301. Cloth $49.95, paper $19.95." American Historical Review 111, no. 1 (2006): 230–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.111.1.230.

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Goodyear, Mary Louise, Juan J. Toral-Garcia, Amarilis Acevedo, Drenna Waldrup-Valverde, and Raymond Ownby. "PATIENT PREFERENCES FOR LEVEL OF HEALTH LITERACY IN APPS FOR CHRONIC DISEASE SELF-MANAGEMENT." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3488.

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Abstract In spite of expert recommendations that written material should be provided at a level of health literacy that matches that of the person receiving it, there have been few studies of matching. In this study we evaluated the utility of a new strategy to assess patients’ preference for information at different difficulties and assessed the relation of their preference to measured health literacy and health locus of control (LOC). We measured health literacy in participants then asked them to choose between pairs of texts with the same content but at the 3rd, 6th, or 8th-grade levels. St

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Varela, Kay S., Anthony A. Peguero, John M. Eason, Miner P. “Trey” Marchbanks, and Jamilia Blake. "School Strictness and Education: Investigating Racial and Ethnic Educational Inequalities Associated with Being Pushed Out." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 4, no. 2 (2017): 261–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649217730086.

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There are racial and ethnic disparities associated with school discipline practices and pushout rates. In addition, research suggests that urban schools have stricter school discipline practices and higher pushout rates. What remains unknown, however, is the relationship between racial and ethnic inequality, school discipline practices, and pushout rates across urban, rural, and suburban schools. Therefore, this study draws from the Texas Education Agency’s (TEA) Public Education Information Management System (PEIMS) to address two questions about the relationship between racial and ethnic ine

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Haidar, Amier, Felicia R. Carey, Nalini Ranjit, Natalie Archer, and Deanna Hoelscher. "Self-reported use of nutrition labels to make food choices is associated with healthier dietary behaviours in adolescents." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 13 (2017): 2329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017001252.

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AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to examine nutrition label use and dietary behaviours among ethnically diverse middle- and high-school students, in Texas, USA.DesignThe School Physical Activity and Nutrition (SPAN) survey is a cross-sectional statewide study using a self-administered questionnaire to assess nutrition and physical activity behaviours. Height and weight measurements were used to determine BMI. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine associations between nutrition label use and dietary behaviours, with gender, grade, ethnicity, BMI, parent education, socio-econom

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Freeman, Kassie. "Increasing African Americans' Participation in Higher Education." Journal of Higher Education 68, no. 5 (1997): 523–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00221546.1997.11778996.

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Brown, Danice L., Christopher B. Rosnick, and Daniel J. Segrist. "Internalized Racial Oppression and Higher Education Values." Journal of Black Psychology 43, no. 4 (2016): 358–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798416641865.

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A plethora of research underscores the deleterious effects that racial discrimination can have on the higher education pursuits and experiences of African Americans. The current study investigated the relationship between internalized racial oppression, higher education values, academic locus of control, and gender among a sample of African Americans. Participants were 156 African Americans currently attending college. All participants completed measures of internalized racial oppression, perceived value of higher education, and academic locus of control. Results indicated that greater interna

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Freeman, Kassie. "Increasing African Americans' Participation in Higher Education: African American High-School Students' Perspectives." Journal of Higher Education 68, no. 5 (1997): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2959945.

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Cartledge, Gwendolyn, Ralph Gardner, and Linda Tillman. "African Americans in Higher Education Special Education: Issues in Recruitment and Retention." Teacher Education and Special Education: The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children 18, no. 3 (1995): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088840649501800305.

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Lindsay, Beverly, and Tara C. Scales. "African Americans and International Cultural Observances in the Higher Education Community." Journal of Black Studies 35, no. 5 (2005): 551–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934704268398.

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Ramirez, Amelie G., Luis F. Velez, Patricia Chalela, Jeannie Grussendorf, and Alfred L. McAlister. "Tobacco Control Policy Advocacy Attitudes and Self-Efficacy Among Ethnically Diverse High School Students." Health Education & Behavior 33, no. 4 (2006): 502–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198106287694.

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This study applied self-efficacy theory to assess empowerment to advocate on behalf of tobacco control policies. The Youth Tobacco Survey with added policy advocacy self-efficacy, attitudes, and outcome expectations scales was given to 9,177 high school students in Texas. Asians showed the lowest prevalence of experimentation and current smoking, followed by African Americans. Anglo-Europeans had higher rates of current smoking. Latino male students had the highest experimentation and current smoking rates. Policy advocacy self-efficacy was higher among African Americans. Latinos scored lowest

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Sakamoto, Arthur, Ernesto F. L. Amaral, Sharron Xuanren Wang, and Courtney Nelson. "The Socioeconomic Attainments of Second-Generation Nigerian and Other Black Americans: Evidence from the Current Population Survey, 2009 to 2019." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 7 (January 2021): 237802312110019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231211001971.

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Second-generation black Americans have been inadequately studied in prior quantitative research. The authors seek to ameliorate this research gap by using the Current Population Survey to investigate education and wages among second-generation black Americans with a focus on Nigerian Americans. The latter group has been identified in some qualitative studies as having particularly notable socioeconomic attainments. The results indicate that the educational attainment of second-generation Nigerian Americans exceeds other second-generation black Americans, third- and higher generation African Am

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Artz, Lee. "African‐Americans and higher education: An exigence in need of applied communication." Journal of Applied Communication Research 26, no. 2 (1998): 210–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00909889809365502.

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Allen, Walter R., Darnell M. Hunt, and Derrick I. M. Gilbert. "Race-Conscious Academic Policy in Higher Education: The University of Maryland Banneker Scholars Program." Educational Policy 11, no. 4 (1997): 443–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089590489701100403.

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This research was undertaken in conjunction with the efforts of the University of Maryland-College Park to respond to litigation in the case of Podberesky v. Kirwan (1993). The case challenged the constitutional right of the university to operate a scholarship program reserved exclusively for high-achieving African Americans. This study offers a broad-based assessment of the Benjamin Banneker Scholars Program. The Banneker Scholars Program is a key element in the university's plan for desegregation and increased student diversity. The research was conducted in the summer and fall of 1992 using

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Nixon, Harold L. "African-Americans in the 21st Century: The Agony and Promise of Higher Education." Journal of School Leadership 3, no. 3 (1993): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105268469300300307.

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A college education holds many promises for those who partake of it. As the 21st century approaches and as America's political and economic position in the world marketplace becomes more threatened, the intrinsic value of the college degree will become more prominent. This article discusses the future prospects of increasing the participation rate of African-American students in higher education. Institutional executive and faculty leadership dedicated to providing an environment where all students can achieve their maximum potential will be committed to finding common ground between First Ame

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Assari, Shervin. "Parental Education Attainment and Educational Upward Mobility; Role of Race and Gender." Behavioral Sciences 8, no. 11 (2018): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs8110107.

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Background. The Minorities’ Diminished Return theory suggests that education attainment and other socioeconomic resources have smaller effects on the health and well-being of African Americans and other racial and ethnic minorities compared to Whites. Racial and ethnic differences in the processes involved with educational upward mobility may contribute to the diminished returns of education attainment for African Americans compared to Whites. Aim: This study compared African Americans and non-Hispanic Whites for the effect of parental education attainment on educational upward mobility and ex

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Knight, Linda, Elizabeth Davenport, Patricia Green- Powell, and Adriel A. Hilton. "The Role of Historically Black Colleges or Universities in Today's Higher Education Landscape." International Journal of Education 4, no. 2 (2012): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ije.v4i2.1650.

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Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) are effective in graduating African American students who are poised to be competitive in the corporate, research, academic, governmental and military arenas. Specifically, over half of all African American professionals are graduates of HBCUs. Nine of the top ten colleges that graduate the most African Americans who go on to earn PhDs are from HBCUs. More than 50% of the nation’s African American public school teachers and 70% of African American dentists earned degrees at HBCUs. Finally, both Spelman and Bennett Colleges produce over half

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Johnson, Larry, Deirdre Cobb-Roberts, and Barbara Shircliffe. "African Americans and the Struggle for Opportunity in Florida Public Higher Education, 1947-1977." History of Education Quarterly 47, no. 3 (2007): 328–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2007.00103.x.

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In the decades following World War II, access to higher education became an important vehicle for expanding opportunity in the United States. The African American-led Civil Rights Movement challenged discrimination in higher education at a time when state and federal government leaders saw strengthening public higher education as necessary for future economic growth and development. Nationally, the 1947 President's Commission on Higher Education report Higher Education for American Democracy advocated dismantling racial, geographic, and economic barriers to college by radically expanding publi

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Perna, Laura W. "Retaining African Americans in Higher Education: Challenging Paradigms for Retaining Students, Faculty, and Administrators (review)." Journal of Higher Education 73, no. 5 (2002): 652–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jhe.2002.0049.

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Kaba, Amadu J. "Progress of African Americans in higher education attainment: The widening gender gap and its current and future implications." education policy analysis archives 13 (April 6, 2005): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v13n25.2005.

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This research argues that despite all of the obstacles that African Americans have confronted in the history of the United States, they have made substantial progress in higher education attainment from the 1970s to the beginning of the 21st century. It reveals that the rise in attainment of college and university degrees has resulted in a substantial increase in living standards and that African Americans are making important economic, social and political contributions to the United States. I present several reasons why black males are not performing as well as black females in higher educat

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Assari, Shervin. "Race, Intergenerational Social Mobility and Stressful Life Events." Behavioral Sciences 8, no. 10 (2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs8100086.

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Background. Socioeconomic status (SES) has smaller protective effects on the health of African Americans, and the differential association between social mobility and stress may explain the diminished returns of SES for African Americans. Aim. This study tested the race/ethnic differences in the association between upward and downward social mobility and stress in a nationally representative sample of African American and White American adults. Methods. This study included 3570 African Americans and 891 non-Hispanic White Americans from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL), 2003. Race/e

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J, Ryan, Kreiner D, Myers-Fabian A, and Gontkovsky S. "A-123 Effects of Ethnicity, Educational Attainment, and Severity of Traumatic Brain Injury on Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) Index Scores." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 6 (2020): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa068.123.

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Abstract Objective This study utilized a culturally diverse sample with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to examine effects of ethnicity on the Verbal Comprehension (VCI), Perceptual Reasoning (PRI), Working Memory (WMI), and Processing Speed (PSI) indices of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition while controlling for education and injury severity. Hypotheses were that education and ethnicity would significantly influence all indices, the latter to a lesser extent, and injury severity would most strongly affect PSI scores. Method Participants were 43 trauma center admissions with do

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Ritter, Zachary S. "International Students’ Perceptions of Race and Socio-Economic Status in an American Higher Education Landscape." Journal of International Students 6, no. 2 (2016): 367–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v6i2.362.

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International students add a great deal of cultural and intellectual diversity to college campuses, but they also bring racial stereotypes and socio-economic status hierarchies that can affect campus climate. Forty-seven interviews with Chinese, Japanese, and South Korean international students were conducted. Results indicated that a majority of students had racial and status hierarchies and harbored prejudices toward African-Americans and Southeast Asians. Perceptions of Asian-Americans were mixed. Negative perceptions of Latinos were learned in the U.S., however positive perceptions of Lati

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Cha, EunSeok, Sudeshna Paul, Betty J. Braxter, Guillermo Umpierrez, and Melissa Spezia Faulkner. "Dietary Behaviors and Glucose Metabolism in Young Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes." Diabetes Educator 44, no. 2 (2018): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721718756057.

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Purpose The purpose of the study was to examine the associations between dietary behaviors and glucose metabolism in high-risk young adults to increase the precision of nutrition education to prevent early onset type 2 diabetes (T2D). Method Using a descriptive, cross-sectional study design, 106 overweight or obese sedentary young adults ages 18-29 years from the Atlanta metropolitan area were recruited to screen diabetes risk. Survey questionnaires, anthropometric assessment, blood pressure (BP), and laboratory data were collected in a clinical research unit. The Web-based HOMA2 calculator wa

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Hendrie, Hugh C., Olusegun Baiyewu, Kathleen A. Lane, et al. "Homocysteine levels and dementia risk in Yoruba and African Americans." International Psychogeriatrics 25, no. 11 (2013): 1859–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610213001294.

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ABSTRACTBackground:High levels of homocysteine have been associated with increased risk for dementia although results have been inconsistent. There are no reported studies from the developing world including Africa.Methods:In this longitudinal study of two community-dwelling cohorts of elderly Yoruba and African Americans, levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate were measured from blood samples taken in 2001. These levels were compared in two groups, participants who developed incident dementia in the follow-up until 2009 (59 Yoruba and 101 African Americans) and participants who were d

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DOTSON, VONETTA M., MELISSA H. KITNER-TRIOLO, MICHELE K. EVANS, and ALAN B. ZONDERMAN. "Effects of race and socioeconomic status on the relative influence of education and literacy on cognitive functioning." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 15, no. 4 (2009): 580–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617709090821.

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AbstractPrevious research has shown that reading ability is a stronger predictor of cognitive functioning than years of education, particularly for African Americans. The current study was designed to determine whether the relative influence of literacy and education on cognitive abilities varies as a function of race or socioeconomic status (SES). We examined the unique influence of education and reading scores on a range of cognitive tests in low- and higher-SES African Americans and Whites. Literacy significantly predicted scores on all but one cognitive measure in both African American gro

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Assari, Shervin, and Mohsen Bazargan. "Polypharmacy and Psychological Distress May Be Associated in African American Adults." Pharmacy 7, no. 1 (2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy7010014.

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Background: Compared to Whites, African Americans are at a higher risk of multiple chronic conditions, which places them at a higher risk of polypharmacy. Few national studies, however, have tested whether polypharmacy is associated with psychological distress—the net of socioeconomic status, health status, and stress—in African Americans. Aims: In a national sample of African Americans in the US, this study investigated the association between polypharmacy and psychological distress. Methods: The National Survey of American Life (NSAL, 2003) included 3570 African American adults who were 18 y

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Booker, Staja, Keela Herr, and Toni Tripp-Reimer. "Patterns and Perceptions of Self-Management for Osteoarthritis Pain in African American Older Adults." Pain Medicine 20, no. 8 (2018): 1489–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pny260.

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AbstractObjectiveTo explore and describe older African Americans’ patterns and perceptions of managing chronic osteoarthritis pain.MethodsA convergent parallel mixed-methods design incorporating cross-sectional surveys and individual, semistructured interviews.SettingOne hundred ten African Americans (≥50 years of age) with clinical osteoarthritis (OA) or provider-diagnosed OA from communities in northern Louisiana were enrolled.ResultsAlthough frequency varied depending on the severity of pain, older African Americans actively used an average of seven to eight self-management strategies over

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Armstrong, Joslyn, Fiorella L. Carlos Chavez, Julia H. Jones, Shar’Dane Harris, and Gregory J. Harris. "“A Dream Deferred”: How Discrimination Impacts the American Dream Achievement for African Americans." Journal of Black Studies 50, no. 3 (2019): 227–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934719833330.

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The American Dream (TAD) is an ideological symbol of achievement and success in American culture. Historical barriers to equal opportunities and economic attainment through racial discrimination have limited access to TAD for African Americans. Barriers of discrimination also reduce the perception of one’s life satisfaction, which can further affect the beliefs of ever obtaining TAD. The present research evaluated the effects of discrimination and life satisfaction on perceptions of achieving TAD among a sample of N = 1,081 African American adults. Results showed that higher levels of discrimi

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Assari, Shervin, Hamid Helmi, and Mohsen Bazargan. "Polypharmacy in African American Adults: A National Epidemiological Study." Pharmacy 7, no. 2 (2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy7020033.

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Background: Despite the association between polypharmacy and undesired health outcomes being well established, very little is known about epidemiology of polypharmacy in the African American community. We are not aware of any nationally representative studies that have described the socioeconomic, behavioral, and health determinants of polypharmacy among African Americans. Aims: We aimed to investigate the socioeconomic and health correlates of polypharmacy in a national sample of African American adults in the US. Methods: The National Survey of American Life (NSAL, 2003–2004) included 3,570

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Yu, Chia-Yuan, Ayoung Woo, Christopher Hawkins, and Sara Iman. "The Impacts of Residential Segregation on Obesity." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 15, no. 11 (2018): 834–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2017-0352.

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Background: This study examined the association between residential segregation and obesity for Whites, African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians. This study considered 3 dimensions of residential segregation, isolation, dissimilarity, and concentration. Methods: By combining individual-level data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and county-level data from the County Health Rankings and Roadmaps, the total sample size was 204,610 respondents (160,213 Whites, 21,865 African Americans, 18,027 Hispanics, and 4505 Asians) from 205 counties in the United States. Two-level logistic

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Assari, Shervin. "Race, Depression, and Financial Distress in a Nationally Representative Sample of American Adults." Brain Sciences 9, no. 2 (2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9020029.

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Background: Although depression and financial distress are correlated, this association may differ for demographic groups, particularly based on race. Aim: Using a national sample of American adults, this study tested whether the association between Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and financial distress differs between African Americans and Whites. Methods: The National Survey of American Life (NSAL), 2003, enrolled 3570 African American and 891 Non-Hispanic White American adults. Demographic data (age and gender), socioeconomic position (SEP; i.e., education, employment, marital status, and in

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Huffman, Fatma G., Maurcio De La Cera, Joan A. Vaccaro, et al. "Healthy Eating Index and Alternate Healthy Eating Index among Haitian Americans and African Americans with and without Type 2 Diabetes." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/398324.

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Ethnicities within Black populations have not been distinguished in most nutrition studies. We sought to examine dietary differences between African Americans (AA) and Haitian Americans (HA) with and without type 2 diabetes using the Healthy Eating Index, 2005 (HEI-05), and the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI). The design was cross-sectional (225 AA, 246 HA) and recruitment was by community outreach. The eating indices were calculated from data collected with the Harvard food-frequency questionnaire. African Americans had lower HEI-05 scores (−8.67, 13.1); , than HA. Haitian American fema

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Mouzon, Dawne M., Robert Joseph Taylor, Ann W. Nguyen, Mosi Adesina Ifatunji, and Linda M. Chatters. "Everyday Discrimination Typologies Among Older African Americans: Gender and Socioeconomic Status." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 9 (2019): 1951–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz088.

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Abstract Objectives Discrimination is associated with several negative social, economic, and health consequences. Past research focuses on the impact of discrimination while less is known about both the type and correlates of discrimination, particularly among older adults. Methods Using the National Survey of American Life, we used latent class analysis to identify discrimination typologies (frequency and type) among African Americans aged 55 and older. We then used multinomial logistic regression to identify demographic correlates of discrimination types, including a statistical interaction

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FIORI, KATHERINE L., NATHAN S. CONSEDINE, and CAROL MAGAI. "Ethnic differences in patterns of social exchange among older adults: the role of resource context." Ageing and Society 28, no. 4 (2008): 495–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x07006940.

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ABSTRACTUsing social capital and social exchange theories, this investigation examined ethnic variation in patterns of social exchange in two heterogeneous racial groups, Blacks and Whites in the United States, and the effects of education and income on these patterns. The sample was 1,043 people aged 65–86 years from four ethnic groups (US-born European-Americans, immigrant Russians/Ukrainians, US-born African-Americans, and immigrant English-speaking Caribbeans) who had provided details of their instrumental and advice exchanges with kin and non-kin. Hierarchical multinomial logistic regress

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Moss, Hilary J. "Education's Inequity: Opposition to Black Higher Education in Antebellum Connecticut." History of Education Quarterly 46, no. 1 (2006): 16–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2006.tb00168.x.

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New Haven, thou hast rashly done a deed,Which shrouds thy glory in a black eclipse;Whereof in view the hearts of good men bleed,The friend, yet, strange to tell, the foe of light!Preceptor of the age, yet dost denyTo Brethren—countrymen—the common rightTheir empty minds with knowledge to supply!Encourager of learning-science-artsYet hostile to a race who fain would learn!When from the dust a sable brother starts,Suffering thy cheeks with angry fire to burn!Would I might give the honors of Old Yale,To blot from history's page this most disgraceful tale.—William Lloyd Garrison, October 8, 1831.I

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Goldstone, Dwonna. "“TO EXCLUDE AS MANY NEGRO UNDERGRADUATES AS POSSIBLE”:Brown v. Board of Educationand the University of Texas at Austin." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 2, no. 2 (2005): 209–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x05050150.

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Following the U.S. Supreme Court's 1954 decision inBrown v. Board of Education, administrators at the University of Texas at Austin reluctantly decided to admit undergraduate African American students for the 1956 academic year, thus making the University of Texas the first southern school to integrate. While nominally accepting the decision, University of Texas administrators would do as little as they could to help Black students, and they did whatever they could both easily and legally to integrate less than fully. For example, after a faculty committee chose African American Barbara Smith

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Brown, Sharona, Sandra L. Upchurch, Alexandra A. Garcia, Sara A. Barton, and Craig L. Hanis. "Symptom-Related Self-Care of Mexican Americans With Type 2 Diabetes: Preliminary Findings of the Starr County Diabetes Education Study." Diabetes Educator 24, no. 3 (1998): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572179802400308.

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Starr Country Texas, a Texas-Mexico border community, was the site of a study involving culturally-appropriate education and group support for Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected from 63 subjects on frequency of diabetes-related symptoms during the previous month and on self-care symptom treatments. On average, subjects were 57-year-old females, diagnosed with diabetes for 10 years, and exhibiting HbA1c levels of 12.5%. Almost 50% experienced excessive urination, excessive thirst, shakiness/nervousness, and numbness and/or tingling in their extremities. More than 50% of

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Dauphin, Cassy, Nikia Clark, Renee Cadzow, et al. "#BlackBreastsMatter: Process Evaluation of Recruitment and Engagement of Pregnant African American Women for a Social Media Intervention Study to Increase Breastfeeding." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 8 (2020): e16239. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16239.

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Background In the United States, there are lower rates of breastfeeding among African American mothers, particularly those who are younger women. Recent epidemiological studies have shown a strong association of more aggressive types of breast cancer (estrogen receptor negative) among African American women, with a higher risk in African American women who did not breastfeed their children. Objective This study aims to describe the process evaluation of recruitment and educational strategies to engage pregnant African American participants for a pilot study designed to determine whether social

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Alio, Amina P., Cindi A. Lewis, Heather Elder, Wade Norwood, Kingdom Mufhandu, and Michael C. Keefer. "Self-Reported Experiences of Racial Discrimination Among African Americans in Upstate New York." Journal of Black Studies 51, no. 5 (2020): 481–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934720925786.

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Racial discrimination in the United States continues to adversely affect health outcomes to the detriment of African Americans. To assess the experiences of residents of a metropolitan community with high rates of racial health disparities in upstate New York, we conducted a survey to measure the primary reasons for discrimination and their experiences with daily and lifetime discrimination, reactions to these experiences, and coping mechanisms. Of the 739 individuals who completed the survey in 2012, 71.5% self-reported as Black or African American. This article focuses on the experiences of

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Assari, Shervin, and Maryam Moghani Lankarani. "Workplace Racial Composition Explains High Perceived Discrimination of High Socioeconomic Status African American Men." Brain Sciences 8, no. 8 (2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8080139.

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Background: Sociological and epidemiological literature have both shown that socioeconomic status (SES) protects populations and individuals against health problems. Recent research, however, has shown that African Americans gain less from their SES and African Americans of high SES, particularly males, may be vulnerable to perceived discrimination, as explained by the Minorities’ Diminished Returns theory. One potential mechanism for this phenomenon is that high SES African Americans have a higher tendency to work in predominantly White workplaces, which increases their perceived discriminati

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Goldrick-Rab, Sara, and Kathleen M. Shaw. "Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Impact of Work-First Policies on College Access." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 27, no. 4 (2005): 291–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737027004291.

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The college participation rates of African Americans and Latinos continue to lag behind those of other racial and ethnic groups in the United States, despite the efforts of financial aid and affirmative action policies. Two recent federal policies that are “work-first” in nature threaten to further exacerbate racial and ethnic disparities in college access. This article examines the complex ways in which the 1996 welfare reform and the 1998 Workforce Investment Act differentially affect opportunities for college enrollment among disadvantaged adults. Utilizing national and state-level data, th

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Yoon, Hyunwoo, Yuri Jang, Kwangyul Choi, and Hyun Kim. "Preventive Dental Care Utilization in Asian Americans in Austin, Texas: Does Neighborhood Matter?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (2018): 2261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102261.

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Although dental care is an essential component of comprehensive health care, a substantial proportion of the U.S. population lacks access to it. Disparities in dental care are most pronounced in racial/ethnic minority communities. Given the rapid population growth of Asian Americans, as well as the growing attention of neighborhood-level effects on health care use, the present study examines how individual-level variables (i.e., age, gender, marital status, ethnicity, education, place of birth, length of stay in the U.S., dental insurance, and self-rated oral health) and neighborhood-level var

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Guthrie, John T., Cassandra S. Coddington, and Allan Wigfield. "Profiles of Reading Motivation among African American and Caucasian Students." Journal of Literacy Research 41, no. 3 (2009): 317–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10862960903129196.

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Previous research has investigated motivations for reading by examining positive or affirming motivations, including intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy. Related to them, we examined two negative, or undermining, motivations consisting of avoidance and perceived difficulty. We proposed that the motivations of intrinsic motivation and avoidance are relatively independent and thus can be combined to form meaningful profiles consisting of avid, ambivalent, apathetic, and averse readers. With Grade 5 students we found that these motivations were relatively independent for both Caucasian and Afr

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Oliver, M. Norman, and Carles Muntaner. "Researching Health Inequities among African Americans: The Imperative to Understand Social Class." International Journal of Health Services 35, no. 3 (2005): 485–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ppqx-47dy-kw0x-78y8.

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Racial and ethnic inequities in health abound in many disease categories. African-American communities suffer from an increased burden of illness, with higher incidence and mortality rates and more severe morbidity in cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, several cancers, diabetes, and many other ailments. Healthy People 2010, the federal government's health plan, calls for eliminating health disparities by race, ethnicity, gender, education, income, disability, geographic location, or sexual orientation. Research aimed at increasing our understanding of these health disparities and designin

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Estrada, Gabriel, Maurice Dawson, and Jose Antonio Cárdenas-Haro. "Investigating Issues in Computing Education: Usability Factors for the Use of an Operating System Among African American and Hispanic American High School Students." International Journal of Information and Communication Technologies in Education 8, no. 1 (2019): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijicte-2019-0001.

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Abstract African Americans and Hispanic Americans historically have been underrepresented in U.S. jobs in the fields of STEM in large part because of the usability of technology. In this research, the goal was to discover the usability factors relative to operating systems that may limit African Americans and Hispanic Americans from pursuit of computer science higher education. For the purpose of this study, “usability” refers to the “appropriateness of purpose.” Categorized by three factors, appropriateness of purpose can be defined as (i) the effectiveness of the users’ ability to complete t

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