Academic literature on the topic 'African americans – employment – history'

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Journal articles on the topic "African americans – employment – history"

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Ethridge, Glacia, Angel Riddick Dowden, and Michael Brooks. "The Impact of Disability and Type of Crime on Employment Outcomes of African American and Latino Offenders." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 48, no. 4 (2017): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.48.4.46.

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Individuals with criminal histories who struggle to gain employment may choose to turn to illegal activity or seek state and federal program assistance to support themselves and their families. African Americans and Hispanic/Latinos with disabilities and criminal histories experience barriers (i.e., disability, criminal history, and race/ethnicity) that often prevent them from obtaining or maintaining competitive integrated employment. The purpose of this article was to examine the extant literature pertinent to disability and criminal history as employment obstacles among African American and
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Sneed, Rodlescia. "The Health and Well-Being of African-American Older Adults With a History of Incarceration." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1633.

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Abstract African-Americans are overrepresented in the criminal justice system. Longer prison stays and release programs for older prisoners may result in an increased number of community-dwelling older adults with a history of incarceration. In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in research on health-related outcomes for currently incarcerated older adults; however, there has been little inquiry into outcomes for formerly incarcerated African-American older adults following community re-entry. In this study, we used secondary data from the Health and Retirement Study to descri
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Felker-Kantor, Max. "“A Pledge Is Not Self-Enforcing”:." Pacific Historical Review 82, no. 1 (2012): 63–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2013.82.1.63.

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This article explores African American and Mexican American struggles for equal employment in Los Angeles after 1965. It argues that activists and workers used the mechanisms set up by Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act to attack the barriers that restricted blacks and Mexican Americans to poor job prospects. It shows that implementation of fair employment law was part of a dialectic between policymakers and regulatory officials, on one hand, and grass-roots individuals and civil rights organizations, on the other. The bureaucratic mechanisms created by Title VII shaped who would benefit f
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Wilson, Steven H. "Brownover “Other White”: Mexican Americans' Legal Arguments and Litigation Strategy in School Desegregation Lawsuits." Law and History Review 21, no. 1 (2003): 145–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3595071.

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The landmark 1954 decisionBrown v. Board of Educationhas shaped trial lawyers' approaches to litigating civil rights claims and law professors' approaches to teaching the law's powers and limitations. The court-ordered desegregation of the nation's schools, moreover, inspired subsequent lawsuits by African Americans aimed variously at ending racial distinctions in housing, employment, and voting rights. Litigation to enforce theBrowndecision and similar mandates brought slow but steady progress and inspired members of various other minorities to appropriate the rhetoric, organizing methods, an
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Katz, Michael B., Mark J. Stern, and Jamie J. Fader. "The Mexican Immigration Debate." Social Science History 31, no. 2 (2007): 157–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013717.

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This article uses census microdata to address key issues in the Mexican immigration debate. First, we find striking parallels in the experiences of older and newer immigrant groups with substantial progress among second- and subsequent-generation immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and Mexican Americans. Second, we contradict a view of immigrant history that contends that early–twentieth–century immigrants from southern and eastern Europe found well–paying jobs in manufacturing that facilitated their ascent into the middle class. Both first and second generations remained predominantly
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de Sánchez, Sieglinde Lim. "Crafting a Delta Chinese Community: Education and Acculturation in Twentieth-Century Southern Baptist Mission Schools." History of Education Quarterly 43, no. 1 (2003): 74–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2003.tb00115.x.

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During Reconstruction between one-fourth and one-third of the southern African-American work force emigrated to northern and southern urban areas. This phenomenon confirmed the fears of Delta cotton planters about the transition from slave to wage labor. Following a labor convention in Memphis, Tennessee, during the summer of 1869, one proposed alternative to the emerging employment crisis was to introduce Chinese immigrant labor, following the example of countries in the Caribbean and Latin America during the mid nineteenth century. Cotton plantation owners initially hoped that Chinese “cooli
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Jackson, M. Njeri, Michelle A. Meade, Phyllis Ellenbogen, and Kirsten Barrett. "Perspectives on networking, cultural values, and skills among African American men with Spinal Cord Injury: A reconsideration of social capital theory." Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation 25, no. 1 (2006): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jvr-2006-00339.

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Unemployment among African Americans with SCI poses a serious challenge to successful recovery and community reintegration. Recent research and public discourse about documented racial disparities in employment following injury is often laden with assumptions about the absence of "social capital," including networks of support, appropriate skills, work ethic or viable work history profile. Such assumptions inform social policy aimed at assisting the unemployed, including African Americans with SCI and are embedded in explanations for reducing the role of government or the "state" in addressing
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CAMPBELL, JAMES. "AFRICAN AMERICANS AND PAROLE IN DEPRESSION-ERA NEW YORK." Historical Journal 54, no. 4 (2011): 1065–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x11000392.

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ABSTRACTIn the first half of the twentieth century, parole in the Deep South of the United States was part of a nexus of penal mechanisms providing white employers with a pliant black labour force. By contrast, in New York, which was at the forefront of innovations in parole policy, there was a surprising interracial consensus among white parole administrators and politicians, civil rights activists, and black prisoners themselves that the African American community was integral to parole administration and success. This article explores why different constituencies supported this consensus th
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Broussard, Albert S. "Still Searching: A Black Family’s Quest for Equality and Recognition during the Gilded Age and Progressive Era." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 22, no. 1 (2023): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781422000536.

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AbstractHistorians have correctly interpreted the Gilded Age and Progressive Era as periods in which African Americans faced unpreceded violence, a significant decline in franchise, and the loss of many civil rights. These years however, were far more complex when viewed from the vantage point of African American families who attempted to empower themselves through education, securing employment in white-collar occupations, such as teaching, and working to advance themselves through race betterment groups, including women’s clubs and civil rights organizations. Yet some middle-class Black fami
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Bobo, Lawrence D. "Somewhere between Jim Crow & Post-Racialism: Reflections on the Racial Divide in America Today." Daedalus 140, no. 2 (2011): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00091.

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In 1965, when Dædalus published two issues on “The Negro American,” civil rights in the United States had experienced a series of triumphs and setbacks. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 extended basic citizenship rights to African Americans, and there was hope for further positive change. Yet 1965 also saw violent confrontations in Selma, Alabama, and the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles that were fueled by racial tensions. Against this backdrop of progress and retreat, the contributors to the Dædalus volumes of the mid-1960s considered how socioeconomic factors
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "African americans – employment – history"

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Miller, Paul T. "THE INTERPLAY OF HOUSING, EMPLOYMENT AND CIVIL RIGHTS IN THE EXPERIENCE OF SAN FRANCISCO'S AFRICAN AMERICAN COMMUNITY, 1945-1975." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/4654.

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African American Studies<br>Ph.D.;<br>The war industries associated with World War II brought unparalleled employment opportunities for African Americans in California's port cities. Nowhere was this more evident than in San Francisco, a city whose African American population grew by over 650% between 1940 and 1945. With this population increase also came an increase in racial discrimination directed at African Americans, primarily in the employment and housing sectors. The situation would only get worse throughout the 1950s and 1960s as manufacturing jobs moved to the East Bay where race rest
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Washington, Julius C. "Historic preservation, history, and the African American a discussion and framework for change /." Thesis, Atlanta, Georgia. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA252306.

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Thesis (Master of City Planning) Georgia Institute of Technology, March 1991.<br>"March 6, 1992." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 8, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-126). Also available in print.
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Cosby, Bruce. "Technological politics and the political history of African-Americans." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1995. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/AAI9543185.

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This dissertation is a critical study of technopolitical issues in the history of African American people. Langdon Winner's theory of technopolitics was used to facilitate the analysis of large scale technologies and their compatibility with various political ends. I contextualized the central technopolitical issues within the major epochs of African American political history: the Atlantic slave trade, the African artisans of antebellum America, and the American Industrial Age. Throughout this study I have sought to correct negative stereotypes and to show how "technological gauges" were empl
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Vaughn, Curtis L. "Freedom Is Not Enough| African Americans in Antebellum Fairfax County." Thesis, George Mason University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3671770.

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<p> Prior to the Civil War, the lives of free African Americans in Fairfax County, Virginia were both ordinary and extraordinary. Using the land as the underpinning of their existence, they approached life using methods that were common to the general population around them. Fairfax was a place that was undergoing a major transition from a plantation society to a culture dominated by self-reliant people operating small farms. Free African Americans who were able to gain access to land were a part of this process allowing them to discard the mantle of dependency associated with slavery. Neverth
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Chapi, Aicha. "Towards a reading of Toni Morrison's fiction : African-American history, the arts and contemporary theory /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19671441.

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Grimm, Kevin E. "Symbol of Modernity: Ghana, African Americans, and the Eisenhower Administration." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1334240469.

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Kendall, Clayton Maxwell. "International Activism of African Americans in the Interwar Period." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/564.

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African Americans have a rich history of activism, but their involvement in affecting change during the interwar period is often overlooked in favor of post-Civil War and post-World War II coverage. African Americans also have a rich history of reaching out to the international community when it comes to that activism. This examination looks to illuminate the effect of the connections African Americans made with the rest of the world and how that shaped their worldview and their activism on the international stage. Through the use of newspapers and first-hand accounts, it becomes clear how Afr
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Pinkham, Caitlin E. "The integration of African Americans in the Civilian Conservation Corps in Massachusetts." Thesis, University of Massachusetts Boston, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10010722.

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<p> The Civilian Conservation Corps employed young white and black men between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five. In 1935 Robert Fechner, the Director of the Civilian Conservation Corps, ordered the segregation of Corps camps across the country. Massachusetts&rsquo; camps remained integrated due in large part to low funding and a small African American population. The experiences of Massachusetts&rsquo; African American population present a new general narrative of the Civilian Conservation Corps. The Federal government imposed a three percent African American quota, ensuring that Africa
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Maris-Wolf, Edward Downing. "Between Slavery and Freedom: African Americans in the Great Dismal Swamp 1763-1863." W&M ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626358.

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Hoak, Michael Shane. "The Men in Green: African Americans and the Civilian Conservation Corps, 1933-1942." W&M ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626375.

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Books on the topic "African americans – employment – history"

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Baker, Oscar Dearmont. Oral history interview with Oscar Dearmont Baker, June 1977: Interview H-0110, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007). University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill, 2007.

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1910-, Foner Philip Sheldon, and Lewis Ronald L. 1940-, eds. Black workers: A documentary history from colonial times to the present. Temple University Press, 1989.

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Foner, Philip Sheldon. Organized labor and the black worker, 1619-1981. Haymarket Books, 2017.

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G, Nieman Donald, ed. African Americans and non-agricultural labor in the South, 1865-1900. Garland Pub., 1994.

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Johnson, Whittington Bernard. The promising years, 1750-1830: The emergence of Black labor and business. Garland Pub., 1993.

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Trotter, Joe William. Black Milwaukee: The making of an industrial proletariat, 1915-45. University of Illinois Press, 1985.

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Trotter, Joe William. Black Milwaukee: The making of an industrial proletariat, 1915-45. 2nd ed. University of Illinois Press, 2007.

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Ridgle, Lawrence. Oral history interview with Lawrence Ridgle, June 9, 1999: Interview K-0144, Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007). University Library, UNC-Chapel Hill, 2008.

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Herbert, Hill. Black labor and the American legal system: Race, work, and the law. University of Wisconsin Press, 1985.

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Jackson, Luther Porter. Negro office-holders in Virginia, 1865-1895. Guide Quality Press, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "African americans – employment – history"

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Davis, Rosie Phillips, and Connie M. Ward. "Career counseling with African Americans." In Career psychology: Models, concepts, and counseling for meaningful employment. American Psychological Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000339-015.

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Noel, A. Cazenave. "Violence-Centered Racial Control Systems and Mechanisms In U.S. History." In Killing African Americans. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429507045-3.

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Coleman, Robin R. Means. "African Americans and Broadcasting." In A Companion to the History of American Broadcasting. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118646151.ch18.

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Collins, Sharon M. "Occupational Mobility Among African-Americans: Assimilation or Resegregation." In Handbook of Employment Discrimination Research. Springer New York, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-09467-0_9.

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Robbins, Janice I., and Carol L. Tieso. "How Might Equality be Achieved for African Americans?" In Engaging with History in the Classroom. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003234937-5.

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Loue, Sana. "African Americans: History and Experience as the “Other”." In SpringerBriefs in Social Work. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9002-9_1.

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Arhin, Kofi. "History of African Americans and the Republican Party." In Springer Series in Electoral Politics. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-87955-5_2.

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Al-Kuwari, Shaikha H. "History and Culture of Muslims in America." In Arab Americans in the United States. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7417-7_3.

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AbstractThis chapter offers a comprehensive review of the history of Muslims in America. The chapter will be divided into three sections. The first section reviews the history of Muslims in America, including African American Muslims, Arab American Muslims, and South Asian American Muslims, and their immigration history, as well as Islamic movements and the groups’ relationships. The second section of the chapter will discuss the significance of mosques in the lives of American Muslim immigrants. This section will include ethnographic observations related to the experience of visiting mosques
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"Samuel Cornish and John Russwurm’s First Freedom’s Journal Editorial 1827." In Milestone Documents in African American History. Schlager Group Inc., 2010. https://doi.org/10.3735/9781935306153.book-part-017.

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On March 16, 1827, the fi rst edition of the fi rst African American newspaper in the United States, Freedom’s Journal, was published. In this debut issue, the editors Samuel Cornish and John Russwurm set out their goals for the newspaper: to give a voice to African Americans, to help improve their minds and inform them of national and international events and issues in an impartial way, to encourage political and social activism among blacks, and to connect black Americans to a greater community of people beyond their own cities and regions. In the two years that it was in print, Freedom’s Jo
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O’Brassill-Kulfan, Kristin. "“Vagrant Negroes”." In Reconsidering Southern Labor History. University Press of Florida, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056975.003.0003.

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Laws regulating the movement, residence, employment, and labor of the poor, and especially of poor African Americans in states with burgeoning free populations, demonstrate how mobility, when enacted by the poor and by non-whites, was classified as a criminal action in the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century United States. In the Upper South especially, these laws had the express goal of attaching to all people of color the potential consequences of enslavement. This essay will link these ideas by tracing mobility and its construction as a classed and raced activity, as threats to existing labo
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Conference papers on the topic "African americans – employment – history"

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Gitiaux, Xavier, and Huzefa Rangwala. "mdfa: Multi-Differential Fairness Auditor for Black Box Classifiers." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/814.

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Machine learning algorithms are increasingly involved in sensitive decision-making processes with adversarial implications on individuals. This paper presents a new tool, mdfa that identifies the characteristics of the victims of a classifier's discrimination. We measure discrimination as a violation of multi-differential fairness. Multi-differential fairness is a guarantee that a black box classifier's outcomes do not leak information on the sensitive attributes of a small group of individuals. We reduce the problem of identifying worst-case violations to matching distributions and predicting
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SMITH, JENNIFER. "Placemaking through Storytelling: Remembering Sacred Spaces." In 2021 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference. ACSA Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.21.15.

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In an Alabama town there is a bottom-up movement to communicate under-represented, African-American history through a series of “sacred sites” in the landscape. This under- represented history includes: former slaves engaged in early city development, Black land owners, redlining practices, and racial injustice. History education presently does not have the capacity to fully discuss these truths, and there is a movement to make them apparent in our cities. Rosenwald Schools, lynching sites, cemeteries, and formerly segregated schools are considered sacred due to their significance in the Afric
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Prazma, Charlene, Hao Li, Robert Y. Suruki, Wayne H. Anderson, and Hector G. Ortega. "Subgroup Analysis As A Method For Biomarker Identification: Association Of CHI3L1 In A Subset Of African Americans With Prior History Of Exacerbation." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a6377.

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Purrington, Kristen S., Julie J. Ruterbusch, Mark Manning, Michael S. Simon, Jennifer Beebe-Dimmer, and Ann G. Schwartz. "Abstract C042: Family history of cancer among African Americans with breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancers in the Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors cohort." In Abstracts: Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; September 20-23, 2019; San Francisco, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp19-c042.

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O'Connor, Kate, and Michelle Pannone. "Using Socio Spatial Practices to Create the Citizen Architect." In 2023 ACSA/EAAE Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2023.35.

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The community of Idlewild, located in Yates Township, Michigan, United States, possesses a significant history as the largest historic African American resort community created during the Jim Crow Era. Established in 1912, it thrived for more than fifty years but declined in 1964, with the passing of the Civil Rights Act. Listed in the Green Book, the historical impor¬tance of Idlewild was recognized at the time as a safe space for African Americans to vacation during the segregation era. At a time when African Americans were systematically pushed to the margins of society, Idlewild was viewed
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Shah, Vrushank. "Review of Missing Data Elements for Client Enrollment in the Minority AIDS Initiative for High-Risk Men of NJ." In 28th Annual Rowan-Virtua Research Day. Rowan University Libraries, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31986/issn.2689-0690_rdw.stratford_research_day.119_2024.

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The Minority AIDS Initiative study funded in NMI seeks to enhance healthcare outcomes for underserved individuals. Implementing outreach programs, the initiative provides healthcare and post-treatment follow-up to this demographic. The proposed project, a component of this study, concentrates on individuals with substance abuse disorder, specifically targeting those who have been onboarded but subsequently lost to follow-up. In the United States, approximately 20 million people are diagnosed with substance abuse disorder, yet in 2016, only 3.8 million received treatment. Within this cohort, be
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Macken, Jared. "The Ordinary within the Extraordinary: The Ideology and Architectural Form of Boley, an “All-Black Town” in the Prairie." In 111th ACSA Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.63.

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In 1908, Booker T. Washington stepped off the Fort Smith and Western Railway train into the town of Boley, Oklahoma. Washington found a bustling main street home to over 2,500 African American citizens. He described this collective of individuals as unified around a common goal, “with the definite intention of getting a home and building up a community where they can, as they say, be ‘free.’” The main street was the physical manifestation of this idea, the center of the community. It was comprised of ordinary banks, store front shops, theaters, and social clubs, all of which connected to form
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Reports on the topic "African americans – employment – history"

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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.

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In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employe
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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. Equality Denied: Tech and African Americans. Institute for New Economic Thinking, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp177.

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Thus far in reporting the findings of our project “Fifty Years After: Black Employment in the United States Under the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission,” our analysis of what has happened to African American employment over the past half century has documented the importance of manufacturing employment to the upward socioeconomic mobility of Blacks in the 1960s and 1970s and the devastating impact of rationalization—the permanent elimination of blue-collar employment—on their socioeconomic mobility in the 1980s and beyond. The upward mobility of Blacks in the earlier decades was based on
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Gonzales, Jackie, Kayla Blackman, and Courtney Hobson. Advancing African American Scholarship A Report for the US National Park Service Interior Region 2 (legacy Southeast Region). National Park Service, 2023. https://doi.org/10.36967/2309452.

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The AAAS was a comprehensive look at the treatment and depiction of African American history in IR2 Park History documents, websites, and some interpretive materials. It was developed by the Park History program through an interdisciplinary team that worked closely with the parks, the CRPS division, the WASO Park History program, and the consultant, Historical Research Associates, Inc. (HRA). The HRA team analyzed over 300 reports, and over 1,300 web pages, and surveyed over 120 employees or partners of the SER and IR2 parks. The study offers a frank assessment and recommendations for future r
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An Innovative Scheme Brings Housing to Colombian Public Employees and Pensioners. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006284.

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Almost 90 percent of adult Colombians have never had access to credit from a formal financial institution. Public employees like police officers, teachers, soldiers, and clerks encounter difficulties when accessing bank credit despite their formal employment. With low salaries, they struggle to make ends meet and face the same problems accessing credit as others living at the base of the pyramid: insufficient credit history, no collateral, and the perception that lending to them is too risky.Bayport Colombia S.A.S. is a non-bank financial intermediary that specializes in loans repayable via pa
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