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Journal articles on the topic 'African Americans Liberia Liberia Liberia'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Everill, Bronwen. "‘Destiny seems to point me to that country’: early nineteenth-century African American migration, emigration, and expansion." Journal of Global History 7, no. 1 (2012): 53–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022811000581.

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AbstractTraditional American historiography has dismissed the Liberian settlement scheme as impractical, racist, and naïve. The movement of Americans to Liberia, and other territorial and extraterritorial destinations, however, reveals the ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors that influenced movement in the African diaspora. The reaction of different African Americans to these factors influenced the political and social development of Liberia as well as the colony's image at home. Africans migrating within and beyond US borders participated in a broader movement of people and the development of settler i

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2

Ludwig, Bernadette. "A Black Republic: Citizenship and naturalisation requirements in Liberia." Migration Letters 13, no. 1 (2016): 84–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v13i1.265.

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In 1822 Liberia was founded as a place where free(d) enslaved African Americans could find freedom and liberty. While many of them did, the indigenous African population was, for a long time, excluded from citizenry despite fulfilling one of the essential criteria to be eligible for Liberians citizenship: Being Black. This prerequisite remains part of Liberian law today, rendering non-Blacks ineligible for Liberian citizenship. Today, this mostly affects the Lebanese community who originally came as traders and entrepreneurs to Liberia. This article analyses why Liberians defend race-based exc

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3

Woods, Tryon P. "Marronage, Here and There: Liberia, Enslavement's Conversion, and the Settler-Not." International Labor and Working-Class History 96 (2019): 38–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547919000206.

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AbstractThis proposed contribution to the special issue of ILWCH offers a theoretical re-consideration of the Liberian project. If, as is commonly supposed in its historiography and across contemporary discourse regarding its fortunes into the twenty-first century, Liberia is a notable, albeit contested, instance of the modern era's correctable violence in that it stands as an imperfect realization of the emancipated slave, the liberated colony, and the freedom to labor unalienated, then such representation continues to hide more than it reveals. This essay, instead, reads Liberia as an instru

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4

Greer, Brenna W. "Selling Liberia: Moss H. Kendrix, the Liberian Centennial Commission, and the Post-World War II Trade in Black Progress." Enterprise & Society 14, no. 2 (2013): 303–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/kht017.

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This article examines the activities of Moss H. Kendrix, a budding black entrepreneur and Public Relations Officer for the Centennial Commission of the Republic of Liberia, during the years immediately following World War II. To secure US investment in Liberia’s postwar development, Kendrix re-presented African Americans and Americo-Liberians as new markets valuable to US economic growth and national security. This article argues that his tactics advanced the global significance of black peoples as modern consumers and his worth as a black markets specialist, while simultaneously legitimating

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5

Sullivan, Jo, and Katherine Harris. "African and American Values: Liberia and West Africa." International Journal of African Historical Studies 20, no. 1 (1987): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/219309.

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6

Matthewson, Timothy, and Katherine Harris. "African and American Values: Liberia and West Africa." Journal of the Early Republic 6, no. 1 (1986): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3122679.

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7

Allen, William E. "Liberia and the Atlantic World in the Nineteenth Century: Convergence and Effects." History in Africa 37 (2010): 7–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2010.0028.

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William C. Burke, an African American emigrant in Liberia, wrote the following to an acquaintance in the United States on 23 September 1861: This must be the severest affliction that have visited the people of the United States and must be a sorce [sic] of great inconvenience and suffering and although we are separated from the seane [sic] by the Atlantic yet we feel sadly the effects of it in this country. The Steavens not coming out as usual was a great disappointment and loss to many in this country.Burke's lamentation about the impact of the American Civil War on the distant Atlantic shore

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8

Temperley, Howard. "African‐American aspirations and the settlement of Liberia." Slavery & Abolition 21, no. 2 (2000): 67–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01440390008575306.

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9

Jacobs, Sylvia M., and Claude A. Clegg. "The Price of Liberty: African Americans and the Making of Liberia." Journal of Southern History 71, no. 2 (2005): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27648756.

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10

Bogger, Tommy L. ":The Price of Liberty: African Americans and the Making of Liberia." American Historical Review 110, no. 3 (2005): 760–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.110.3.760.

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11

Quaynor, Laura, and Bright Borkorm. "Remapping citizenship: Relationships between education levels and ethnonational identities in Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, and Liberia." Education, Citizenship and Social Justice 15, no. 1 (2019): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1746197919861075.

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This article investigates the relationships between ethnonational identity and educational level in three West African contexts: Liberia, Ghana, and Côte d’Ivoire. Citizens in these neighboring countries identify with overlapping ethnic groups, but have varied historical experiences, with Americans settling in Liberia; the British colonizing Ghana, and the French colonizing Côte d’Ivoire. In the recent era, Côte d’Ivoire elected an opposition leader at the end of its civil war in 2010; Ghana is considered as the most stable democracy in West Africa; and Liberia experienced two protracted confl

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12

Korczyc, Aleksandra. "State Security Policy and Changing the Nature of the Conflict after the End of the Cold War Rivalry." Security Dimensions 30, no. 30 (2019): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7549.

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The aim of the paper is to try to determine the essence of the new face of armed conflict. Liberia is the main point of reference in the analysis for two reasons. Firstly, Liberia is the oldest independent republic on the African continent and its establishing is linked to paradoxical events begun in 1821, when black people settling in the vicinity of Monrovia, former slaves liberated from South American cotton plantations, reconstructed a slave-like type of society, taking local, poorly organised tribes as their subjects. Secondly, Liberia proves that the intensity of changes in armed conflic

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13

Amin, Julius A. "African American Officers in Liberia: A Pestiferous Rotation, 1910–1942." Journal of American History 106, no. 2 (2019): 503–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaz450.

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14

Patton,, Adell. "Civil rights in America's African diaspora: Firestone Rubber and segregation in Liberia." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines 49, no. 2 (2015): 319–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2015.1024438.

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15

Hayden, Wilburn. "Liberia, South Carolina: An African American Appalachian Community by John M. Coggeshall." Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 118, no. 1 (2020): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/khs.2020.0012.

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16

Thorp, Daniel B. "Liberia, South Carolina: An African American Appalachian Community by John M. Coggeshall." Journal of Southern History 85, no. 2 (2019): 473–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/soh.2019.0121.

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17

Fain, Cicero M. "Liberia, South Carolina: An African American Appalachian Community by John M. Coggeshall." West Virginia History: A Journal of Regional Studies 15, no. 1-2 (2021): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wvh.2021.0002.

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18

Raley, J. "Colonizationism versus Abolitionism in the Antebellum North: The Anti-Slavery Society of Hanover College and Indiana Theological Seminary (1836) versus the Hanover College Officers, Board of Trustees, and Faculty." Midwest Social Sciences Journal 23 (November 1, 2020): 80–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.22543/0796.231.1030.

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In March 1836, nine Hanover College and Indiana Theological Seminary students, almost certainly including Benjamin Franklin Templeton, a former slave enrolled in the seminary, formed an antislavery society. The society’s Preamble and Constitution set forth abolitionist ideals demanding an immediate emancipation of Southern slaves with rights of citizenship and “without expatriation.” Thus they encountered the ire of Hanover’s Presbyterian trustees—colonizationists who believed instead that free blacks and educated slaves, gradually and voluntarily emancipated by their owners, should leave the

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19

Clegg, Claude A. "Brian G. Shellum. African American Officers in Liberia: A Pestiferous Rotation, 1910–1942." American Historical Review 125, no. 3 (2020): 1044–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhz079.

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20

Bond. "“Love Him and Let Him Go”: The American Colonization Society's James Brown—Pioneering African-American Apothecary in the United States and Liberia, 1802-1853, Part II—Liberia." Pharmacy in History 60, no. 4 (2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.26506/pharmhist.60.4.0124.

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21

Whyte, Christine. "Between empire and colony: American imperialism and Pan-African colonialism in Liberia, 1810–2003." National Identities 18, no. 1 (2015): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14608944.2016.1095493.

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22

Weaver, William, and J. R. Oldfield. "Alexander Crummell (1819-1898) and the Creation of an African-American Church in Liberia." Journal of Religion in Africa 21, no. 2 (1991): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1580811.

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23

Van Herk, Gerard. "Letter Perfect." English World-Wide 29, no. 1 (2008): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.29.1.04van.

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This paper uses a multivariate analysis of 19th-century letters by semi-literate African American settlers in Liberia to investigate the frequency and distribution of the present perfect (PP) in earlier African American English (AAE). Despite descriptions elsewhere of the PP as marginal to AAE, it occurs here with great frequency, a finding attributed to the sensitivity of the form to genre differences. The linguistic factors conditioning choice between the PP and the preterite match those described for other varieties of English of that time period. This suggests that an English-like PP was p

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24

Kieh, George Klay. "The American style of development aid to Liberia." Africanus: Journal of Development Studies 44, no. 2 (2015): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0304-615x/71.

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There is a growing corpus of literature on the critical issue of the various styles used by donors in giving development aid to recipient states in various parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, Europe and Latin America. This article seeks to contribute to the body of literature by examining the nature and dynamics of the American style of development aid to Liberia and the resulting implications for the latterâ€™s social and economic development. Using the realpolitik model as its analytical framework, the article situates the American style of development aid giving within the broader c

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25

Fulop, Timothy E. "“The Future Golden Day of the Race”: Millennialism and Black Americans in the Nadir, 1877–1901." Harvard Theological Review 84, no. 1 (1991): 75–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000023968.

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At the turn of the century, Edward W. Blyden, resident of Liberia and former Presbyterian missionary from America, read to some African natives the following description from the New YorkIndependentof the burning of a black man in Georgia:Sam Hose was burned on Sunday afternoon in the presence of thousands of people. Before the fire had been kindled the mob amused themselves by cutting off the ears, fingers, toes, etc. to carry away as mementos. After the burning, and before the body was cool, it was cut to pieces, the heart and liver being especially cut up and sold. Small pieces of bone brou

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26

Hodge, James G., Leila Barraza, Gregory Measer, and Asha Agrawal. "Global Emergency Legal Responses to the 2014 Ebola Outbreak: Public Health and the Law." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 42, no. 4 (2014): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12179.

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From their relative obscurity over the past three decades, varied strains of Ebola disease have emerged as a substantial global biothreat. The current outbreak of Ebola, beginning in March 2014 in Guinea, is projected to infect tens of thousands of people before being brought under control. Some estimate the outbreak could exceed 100,000 cases and extend another 12-18 months. Ebola’s spread has the potential to extend across the globe, but is concentrated in several African countries (e.g., Democratic Republic of Congo, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea, Nigeria, and Senegal). Collectively, these

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27

Chinweizu. "432 Centuries of Recorded Science and Technology in Black Africa." African and Asian Studies 20, no. 1-2 (2021): 9–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341482.

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Abstract During the 1970s and 1980s, American and European investigators discovered evidence of such African scientific achievements as the following: (1) the domestication of assorted plants in The Egyptian Nile Valley ca. 18000 BP; and domesticated cattle in the Kenyan Highlands, ca, 15000 BP. These were achieved thousands of years before plant and animal domestication in South west Asia, the hitherto presumed place where domestication first occurred; and (2) the making of Carbon steel in Tanzania, in the 1st c. BC, using techniques the discoverers called “semi-conductor technology – the gro

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28

Oldfield, J. R. "The Protestant Episcopal Church, Black Nationalists, and Expansion of the West African Missionary Field, 1851–1871." Church History 57, no. 1 (1988): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3165901.

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One of the most boldly conceived assaults on benighted Africa during the nineteenth century was that undertaken by mainline Protestant denominations in the United States. With the brash confidence characteristic of the age, hundreds of American missionaries were dispatched from New York and Baltimore to convert the heathen tribes of Africa and wrest a continent from ruin. If the experience of the Protestant Episcopal church is at all typical, however, these efforts not infrequently aroused suspicion and open hostility. In fact, Episcopal penetration of Liberia in the second half of the second

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29

Young, Jason. ":An African Republic: Black and White Virginians in the Making of Liberia.(The John Hope Franklin Series in African American History and Culture.)." American Historical Review 113, no. 5 (2008): 1486–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.113.5.1486.

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30

BONATO, LUCIO, FABIO G. CUPUL-MAGAÑA, and ALESSANDRO MINELLI. "Mecistocephalus guildingii Newport, 1843, a tropical centipede with amphi-Atlantic distribution (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha)." Zootaxa 2271, no. 1 (2009): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2271.1.2.

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Mecistocephalus guildingii Newport, 1843 (Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha: Mecistocephalidae) is redescribed, and its geographical distribution revised and updated, after examination of 28 specimens from different localities together with critical assessment of published accounts and records. Mecistocephalus guildingii Newport, 1843 (= Mecistocephalus punctilabratus Newport, 1845, n. syn.; = Lamnonyx leonensis Cook, 1896, n. syn.; = Mecistocephalus maxillaris guadeloupensis Demange and Pereira, 1985, n. syn.) is distinguished from other Mecistocephalus species, with which it has been often confused,

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31

AMASON, J. HOPE. "Liberia, South Carolina: An African American Appalachian Community. John M. Coggeshall. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018. 296 pp." American Ethnologist 46, no. 3 (2019): 354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/amet.12809.

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32

Rodriguez, Anthony Bayani. "John M. Coggeshall, Liberia, South Carolina: An African American Appalachian Community. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018. Pp. 297. $29.95 (paper)." Journal of African American History 106, no. 2 (2021): 352–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/713326.

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33

Ngovo, Bernard L. "English in Liberia." English Today 14, no. 2 (1998): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400010191.

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34

Manton, John, and Martin Gorsky. "Health Planning in 1960s Africa: International Health Organisations and the Post-Colonial State." Medical History 62, no. 4 (2018): 425–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2018.41.

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This article explores the programme of national health planning carried out in the 1960s in West and Central Africa by the World Health Organization (WHO), in collaboration with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Health plans were intended as integral aspects of economic development planning in five newly independent countries: Gabon, Liberia, Mali, Niger and Sierra Leone. We begin by showing that this episode is treated only superficially in the existing WHO historiography, then introduce some relevant critical literature on the history of development planning. Ne

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35

Jalloh, Alusine. "African American Officers In Liberia: A Pestiferous Rotation, 1910–1942. By Brian G. Shellum. (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2018. Pp. xxvii, 271. $21.95.)." Historian 81, no. 3 (2019): 473–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hisn.13201.

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36

Jessica M. Parr. "An African Republic: Black and White Virginians in the Making of Liberia, and: Saltwater Slavery: A Middle Passage from Africa to American Diaspora (review)." Journal of the Early Republic 29, no. 1 (2009): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jer.0.0068.

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37

Gifford, Paul. "Liberia' Never–Die Christians." Journal of Modern African Studies 30, no. 2 (1992): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00010764.

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In Monrovia, the capital of the West African state of Liberia, Richard K. Sleboe, a Kru tribesman from Sinoe County and previously a Jehovah's Witness, founded in June 1970 the Kingdom Assembly Church of Africa. This came to be popularly known as the ‘Never—Die Church’ from its most distinguishing belief, namely that a true believer will never physically die but will live on this earth forever.

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38

Geysbeek, Tim. "From Sasstown to Zaria: Tom Coffee and the Kru Origins of the Soudan Interior Mission, 1893–1895." Studies in World Christianity 24, no. 1 (2018): 46–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2018.0204.

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This article 1 underscores the key role that Tom Coffee, an ethnic Kru migrant from Sasstown, Liberia, played in founding the Soudan Interior Mission (SIM). Coffee journeyed with Walter Gowans and Thomas Kent up into what is now northern Nigeria in 1894 to help establish SIM. Gowans and Kent died before they reached their destination, the walled city of Kano. SIM's other co-founder, Rowland Bingham, did not travel with his friends, and thus lived to tell his version of their story. By using materials written in the 1890s and secondary sources published more recently, this work provides new ins

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39

Cason, J. Walter. "Book Review: Alexander Crummell (1819–1898) and the Creation of an African-American Church in Liberia, Alexander Crummell: A Study of Civilization and Discontent, Alexander Crummell: Pioneer in Nineteenth-Century Pan-African Thought." Missiology: An International Review 19, no. 3 (1991): 360–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182969101900323.

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40

Gregory Bond. "“Love Him and Let Him Go”: The American Colonization Society's James Brown—Pioneering African-American Apothecary in the United States and Liberia, 1802–1853, Part I—The United States." Pharmacy in History 60, no. 3 (2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26506/pharmhist.60.3.0077.

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41

Kofron, Christopher P. "Status and habitats of the three African crocodiles in Liberia." Journal of Tropical Ecology 8, no. 3 (1992): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400006490.

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ABSTRACTA representative sample of waterways in Liberia was surveyed for crocodiles, and all three species of African crocodiles were observed. Contrary to previous reports, only Nile crocodiles inhabit the Monrovia mangrove swamps and brackish-water mouths of rivers; there are no slendersnouted or dwarf crocodiles in these habitats. There is partitioning of habitats among the three species in Liberia: Nile crocodiles in mangrove swamps and river mouths (brackish water); slendersnouted crocodiles in rivers through rain forest (freshwater); and dwarf crocodiles in small streams through rain for

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42

Dunn, Chandra. "Claude A. CleggIII. The Price of Liberty: African Americans and the Making of Liberia. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2004. 344 pp. Photographs. Maps. Figures. Tables. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $59.95. Cloth. $21.95. Paper." African Studies Review 50, no. 2 (2007): 231–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2007.0091.

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43

Weaver, William. "OLDFIELD, J. R., Alexander Crummell (1819-1898) and the Creation of an African-American Church in Liberia, Lewiston, N.Y., The Edwin Mellen Press, 1990, 180 pp., $ 49.95, 0-88946-074-4." Journal of Religion in Africa 21, no. 2 (1991): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006691x00357.

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44

Harris, David. "Liberia 2005: an unusual African post-conflict election." Journal of Modern African Studies 44, no. 3 (2006): 375–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x06001819.

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The 2003 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) and the ensuing two-year-long National Transitional Government of Liberia (NTGL), which brought together two rebel forces, the former government and members of civil society, justifiably had many critics but also one positive and possibly redeeming feature. In spite of, or perhaps because of, the realpolitik nature of the CPA and the barely disguised gross corruption of the members of the coalition government, the protagonists in the second Liberian civil war (2000–03) complied with the agreement and the peace process held. The culmination of this s

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45

Sesay, Max Ahmadu. "Politics and Society in Post-War Liberia." Journal of Modern African Studies 34, no. 3 (1996): 395–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x0005552x.

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The brutal civil war that engulfed Liberia, following Charles Taylor's invasion in December 1989, has left an indelible mark in the history of this West African state. The six-year old struggle led to the collapse of what was already an embattled economy; to the almost complete destruction of physical infrastructure built over a century and half of enterprise and oligarchic rule; to the killing, maiming, and displacement of more than 50 per cent of the country's estimated pre-war population of 2·5 million; and to an unprecedented regional initiative to help resolve the crisis. Five years after

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46

Tarr, S. Byron. "The ECOMOG Initiative in Liberia: A Liberian Perspective." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 21, no. 1-2 (1993): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004716070050167x.

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This is a Liberian perspective on the unique initiative by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to resolve the Liberian conflict by organizing and deploying a Peace Monitoring Group in Liberia. It considers whether ECOWAS’ initiative can become a self-reliant security system that can end a civil war and institutionalize deterrence to subregional inter-state and internal conflicts. Can this self-generated, West African initiative set the stage for democratization? Is the initiative the start of an inter-African cooperative security system? Is the model of Nigerian leadership a

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47

Armstrong-Mensah, Elizabeth, Bianca Tenney, and Victoria Hawley. "Ebola Virus Disease in sub-Saharan Africa: Addressing Gaps to Handle Future Outbreaks." Research in Health Science 6, no. 3 (2021): p28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v6n3p28.

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Between 2014 and 2016, the three West African countries of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone experienced the deadliest Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in sub-Saharan Africa. Two years later, a tenth epidemic recurred in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), specifically in the North Kivu and Ituri provinces, which lasted until June 2020. Though they occurred in different countries, a review of how the EVD outbreaks in Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and the DRC were handled by the respective country governments, reveal gaps in disease detection, response and action due to lack of surveillan

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48

Reno, William. "Reinvention of an African patrimonial state: Charles Taylor's Liberia." Third World Quarterly 16, no. 1 (1995): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436599550036266.

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49

Bauer, Jacqui. "Women and the 2005 election in Liberia." Journal of Modern African Studies 47, no. 2 (2009): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x09003802.

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ABSTRACTIn 2005, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf defeated George Weah to become President of Liberia and the first woman elected to head an African country. Women voters were widely credited with her victory. This paper quantifies this claim by analysing newspaper content during the election period to gauge civil society group activity. It finds that consistency in their activities may have allowed women's groups to surpass other civil society groups in impacting the election. Activity levels of women's groups remained stable between the election and run-off periods, unlike other major group types whose

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50

CHRISMAN, LAURA. "American Jubilee Choirs, Industrial Capitalism, and Black South Africa." Journal of American Studies 52, no. 2 (2018): 274–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002187581700189x.

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Focusing on the Virginia Jubilee Singers, an African American singing ensemble that toured South Africa in the late nineteenth century, this article reveals how the transnational reach of commercialized black music informed debates about race, modernity, and black nationalism in South Africa. The South African performances of the Jubilee Singers enlivened debates concerning race, labor and the place of black South Africans in a rapidly industrializing South Africa. A visit from the first generation of global black American superstars fueled both white and black concerns about the racial politi

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