Academic literature on the topic 'African Americans – Social conditions – 20th century'

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Journal articles on the topic "African Americans – Social conditions – 20th century"

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DUBOIS, SYLVIE, and MEGAN MELANÇON. "Creole is, Creole ain't: Diachronic and synchronic attitudes toward Creole identity in southern Louisiana." Language in Society 29, no. 2 (April 2000): 237–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500002037.

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Creole identity in Louisiana acquired diverse meanings for several ethnic groups during the French and Spanish regimes, before and after the purchase of the Louisiana Territory, and through the last part of the 20th century. In spite of a strong shift toward “Black” identity by many African Americans in the state, those who are fluent Creole French speakers now seem to be the repository of Louisiana Creole identity. This article presents a diachronic study of the different meanings applied to Creole identity which resulted from dramatic social, political, and economic changes. It also delimits
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Runstedtler, Theresa. "More Than Just Play: Unmasking Black Child Labor in the Athletic Industrial Complex." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 42, no. 3 (March 8, 2018): 152–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723518758458.

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African Americans’ hypervisibility in sports remains a frequent point of critique. There has been a tendency to blame Black youths for their supposed “sports fixation.” Complicating this narrative of cultural pathology, I examine the foundational importance of Black boys’ athletic labor to the profitability of the sporting industries. I first trace the structural conditions (imperialism, racism, industrial capitalism) that contributed to the hypervisibility of young Black boxers at the turn of the 20th century. I then explore the contemporary conditions driving Black hypervisibility in basketb
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Cassano, Graham, and Terressa A. Benz. "Introduction: Flint and the Racialized Geography of Indifference." Critical Sociology 45, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920517753697.

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In this introduction to the Critical Sociology symposium, “The Flint Water Crisis and the Failure of Neoliberal Governance,” the authors outline the social and cultural conditions for the racialized underdevelopment of Flint and Detroit in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. We begin with an examination of the racially coded rhetoric of Oakland County manager, L. Brooks Patterson, and the manner in which those racial codes reveal the deep roots of white suburban anxiety and racism in the history of economic and spatial apartheid in Michigan. Turning to Flint itself, we draw upon Andrew Hig
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Mitin, A. N., and P. Uv Kuznetsov. "International Anti-Corruption Practices." Journal of Law and Administration 15, no. 2 (October 10, 2019): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2019-2-51-60-71.

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Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of problems of corruption in foreign countries. Corruption is seen as the inefficiency of public administration associated with a violation in relations between the principal and the agent: the first receives services, the second provides them.It is noted that corruption is the abuse of state and municipal authorities for private gain. A sharp rise in corruption was noted by researchers in the XIX century. At the same time, the first attempts to counter it at the legislative level appeared. At the end of the 20th century (December 17, 1979), th
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Joseph, Tiffany, and Tanya Golash-Boza. "Double Consciousness in the 21st Century: Du Boisian Theory and the Problem of Racialized Legal Status." Social Sciences 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10090345.

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In W.E.B. Du Bois’ Souls of Black Folk, he argued that the problem of the 20th century in the United States was the problem of the color line. Given that de facto and explicit racial discrimination persist, anti-immigrant rhetoric is intensifying, and legal status has become more salient, we argue Du Boisian theory remains relevant for understanding social and political cleavages in the 21st century United States. The intersection of race, ethnicity, and legal status or “racialized legal status” represents a new variation of Du Bois’ “color line,” due to how these statuses generate cumulative
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Revathy, Dr P., and Dr V. Peruvalluthi. "The Challenges of Contemporary Criticism in Recent Studies of August Wilson." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, no. 11 (November 28, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i11.10118.

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August Wilson was one of the most skilful African-American playwrights of this century and was one of only seven to win the Pulitzer Prize. He devoted his career to acknowledge the 20th century struggles of African-Americans, decade by decade, in a sequence of ten plays. He completed the phase soon before he died of liver cancer on October 2, 2005. The themes of racism and inequity are the core elements in his plays which are depicted in Ma Rainey's Black Bottom and Joe Turner's Come and Gone. The selected novels are of African Americans' struggle for survival in racial separated society of Am
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BONDARENKO, D. M., and N. E. KHOKHOLKOVA. "Metamorphoses of the African American Identity in Post-segregation Era and the Theory of Afrocentrism." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, no. 2 (August 27, 2018): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-2-30-45.

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The article deals with the issue of African American identity in the post-segregation period (after 1968). The problem of African Americans’ “double consciousness”, marked for the first time yet in the late 19th – early 20th century, still remains relevant. It is that descendants of slaves, who over the centuries have been relegated to the periphery of the American society, have been experiencing and in part are experiencing an internal conflict, caused by the presence of both American and African components in their identities. The authors focus on Afrocentrism (Afrocentricity) – a socio-cult
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Porter, Jeremy R., Emory Morrison, Sriram Chintakrindi, and Derrick Shapley. "The historically enduring gap in death penalty support." Kriminologija & socijalna integracija 26, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 136–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31299/ksi.26.2.1.

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This paper evaluates four racial‑ecological theories regarding the historically enduring racial divide in public opinion regarding death penalty support. Using geo‑coded data from the 20th century, this research examines the relative representation of African Americans, the level of black‑white economic inequality, and the extent of racial residential segregation on race‑spe‑ cific odds of supporting the death penalty. The research finds support for aspects of racial social context accounting for a portion of the black-white gap in death penalty support at the time. We find differential effect
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Childress, Micah. "LIFE BEYOND THE BIG TOP: AFRICAN AMERICAN AND FEMALE CIRCUSFOLK, 1860–1920." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 15, no. 2 (June 19, 2015): 176–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781415000250.

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At the turn of the twentieth century, most Americans celebrated the arrival of a circus. Circus Day had become a local holiday that brought together ethnicities, races, and classes (of both genders) that did not usually assemble at the same place and time. Within the circus itself, however, race and gender provided boundaries and fostered acrimony. The racism and segregation of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries could be found aboard any circus train and throughout every show lot. African Americans were relegated to certain jobs, segregated within those jobs, and usually paid less than the
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CARSON, SCOTT ALAN. "INEQUALITY IN THE AMERICAN SOUTH: EVIDENCE FROM THE NINETEENTH CENTURY MISSOURI STATE PRISON." Journal of Biosocial Science 40, no. 4 (July 2008): 587–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932007002489.

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SummaryThe use of height data to measure living standards is now a well-established method in economic history. Moreover, a number of core findings in the literature are widely agreed upon. There are still some populations, places and times, however, for which anthropometric evidence remains thin. One example is 19th century African-Americans in US border-states. This paper introduces a new data set from the Missouri state prison to track the heights of comparable black and white men born between 1820 and 1904. Modern blacks and whites come to comparable terminal statures when brought to matur
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "African Americans – Social conditions – 20th century"

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Ondaatje, Michael L. "Neither counterfeit heroes nor colour-blind visionaries : black conservative intellectuals in modern America." University of Western Australia. History Discipline Group, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0029.

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This thesis focuses on the rise to prominence, during the 1980s and 1990s, of a coterie of African American intellectuals associated with the powerful networks and institutions of the New Right. It situates the relatively marginalised phenomenon of contemporary black conservatism within its historical context; explores the nature and significance of the racial discourse it has generated; and probes the intellectual character of the individuals whose contributions to this strand of black thought have stood out over the past three decades. Engaging the writings of the major black conservative fi
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Smith, Greta Katherine. ""The Battling Ground": Memory, Violence, and Resistance in Greenwood, North Tulsa, Oklahoma, 1907-1980." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4559.

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Tulsa, Oklahoma's historically African American neighborhood of Greenwood in North Tulsa has long been contested terrain. Built by black settlers beginning in the late nineteenth-century, the neighborhood evolved into a vibrant community challenged by waves of violence--segregation at statehood in 1907, the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921, ongoing disinvestment, and processes of urban renewal beginning in the late 1950s--that contributed to the erosion of the neighborhood and the eventual displacement of many area residents into remote housing projects further into North Tulsa. These waves of violence
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Vipperman, Justin LeGrand. ""On This, We Shall Build": the Struggle for Civil Rights in Portland, Oregon 1945-1953." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3124.

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Generally, Oregon historians begin Portland Civil Rights history with the development of Vanport and move quickly through the passage of the state's public accommodations law before addressing the 1960s and 70s. Although these eras are ripe with sources and contentious experiences, 1945 to 1953 provide a complex struggle for civil rights in Portland, Oregon. This time period demonstrates the rise of local leaders, wartime racial tensions, and organizational efforts used to combat inequality. 1945 marked a watershed moment in Portland Civil Rights history exhibiting intergroup collaboration and
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Alvarez, Luis Alberto. "The power of the zoot : race, community, and resistance in American youth culture, 1940-1945 /." Thesis, Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008265.

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Petway, David Michael. "What effect did the Los Angeles riots have on the perceptions of young African American males regarding their future while confined to a penal institution?" CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/816.

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Sprunger, Luke. ""Del Campo Ya Pasamos a Otras Cosas--From the Field We Move on to Other Things": Ethnic Mexican Narrators and Latino Community Histories in Washington County, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1977.

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This work examines the histories of the Latino population of Washington County, Oregon, and explores how and why ethnic Mexican and other Latino individuals and families relocated to the county. It relies heavily on oral history interviews conducted by the author with ethnic Mexican residents, and on archival newspaper sources. Beginning with the settlement of a small number of tejano families and the formation of an ethnic community in the 1960s, a number of factors encouraged an increasing number of migrant Latino families--from tejanos to Mexican nationals to Central and South Americans to
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Fortney, Jeffrey L. Jr. "Slaves and Slaveholders in the Choctaw Nation: 1830-1866." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28371/.

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Racial slavery was a critical element in the cultural development of the Choctaws and was a derivative of the peculiar institution in southern states. The idea of genial and hospitable slave owners can no more be conclusively demonstrated for the Choctaws than for the antebellum South. The participation of Choctaws in the Civil War and formal alliance with the Confederacy was dominantly influenced by the slaveholding and a connection with southern identity, but was also influenced by financial concerns and an inability to remain neutral than a protection of the peculiar institution. Had the Ci
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Cook, Christopher Joseph. "Agency, Consolidation, and Consequence: Evaluating Social and Political Change in New Orleans, 1868-1900." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/535.

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In the last twenty years, recent scholarship has opened up fresh inquiry into several aspects of New Orleans society during the late nineteenth century. Much work has been done to reassess the political and cultural involvement, as well as perspective of, the black Creoles of the city; the successful reordering of society under the direction of the Anglo-Protestant elite; and the evolution of New Orleans's social conditions and cultural institutions during the period initiating Jim Crow segregation. Further exploration, however, is necessary to make connections between each of these avenues of
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Bryan, Joshua Joe. "Portland, Oregon's Long Hot Summers: Racial Unrest and Public Response, 1967-1969." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/995.

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The struggles for racial equality throughout northern cities during the late-1960s, while not nearly as prevalent within historical scholarship as those pertaining to the Deep South, have left an indelible mark on both the individuals and communities involved. Historians have until recently thought of the civil rights movement in the north as a violent betrayal of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s vision of an inclusive and integrated society, as well as coinciding with the rise, and subsequent decline, of Black Power. But despite such suppositions, the experiences of northern cities immersed in t
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Jessie, Alison Leigh. "Questions of Citizenship: Oregonian Reactions to Japanese Immigrants' Quest for Naturalization Rights in the United States, 1894-1952." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2644.

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This study examines the discrimination against Japanese immigrants in U.S. naturalization law up to 1952 and how it was covered in the Oregonian newspaper, one of the oldest and most widely read newspapers on the West Coast. The anti-Japanese movement was much larger in California, but this paper focuses on the attitudes in Oregon, which at times echoed sentiments in California but at other times conveyed support for Japanese naturalization. Naturalization laws at the turn of the century were vague, leaving the task of defining who was white, and thus eligible for naturalization, to the courts
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Books on the topic "African Americans – Social conditions – 20th century"

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Freedom struggles: African Americans and World War I. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009.

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Three Black generations at the crossroads: Community, culture, and conciousness. Chicago: Burnham, 2000.

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Smith, John David. Black Judas: William Hannibal Thomas and the American Negro. Chicago: I.R. Dee, 2002.

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Smith, John David. Black Judas: William Hannibal Thomas and The American Negro. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2000.

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Rooted against the wind: Personal essays. Boston: BeaconPress, 1996.

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Writers of the Black Chicago renaissance. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2011.

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The new Black history: Revisiting the second Reconstruction. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

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Womanism, literature, and the transformation of the Black community, 1965-1980. New York: Routledge, 2008.

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Eaton, Kalenda C. Womanism, literature, and the transformation of the Black community, 1965-1980. New York: Routledge, 2008.

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Migration, mining, and the African diaspora: Guyana in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "African Americans – Social conditions – 20th century"

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Payne, Amaniyea. "Muntu Dance Theatre of Chicago." In Hot Feet and Social Change, 114–22. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042959.003.0008.

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Long famed as a mecca of African-American culture, New Orleans occupies a special place in studies of African diasporic music and dance. By outlining the historical and social factors that shaped unique expressions of African American cultural identity, Ausetta Amenkum provides an experiential account of the formation of the Kumbuka African Drum and Dance Collective, not only as a performance troupe, but also as a community institution. Utilizing poetry and an engaging tone, Amenkum situates the emergence of African dance companies founded by African Americans in the local cultural trajectory of New Orleans mid-20th century. She, then, chronicles her work and the use of African dance as a holistic approach, as she addresses a specific example: women’s incarceration issues in Louisiana.
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Trotter, Joe William. "Confronting Decline and Facilitating Renaissance." In Pittsburgh and the Urban League Movement, 159–79. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813179919.003.0008.

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During the late 20th century, as the city made the transition from its predominantly manufacturing base to a new economy driven by high technology medical, educational, financial, and marketing institutions, African Americans suffered disproportionately higher unemployment, disease, poverty, and incarceration rates than their white counterparts. Near century's end, the Urban League of Pittsburgh deepened the political side of its social service activities to address what it called a seemingly “never-ending cycle” of “revolving doors and broken ladders” for too many of the city's black residents.
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Brown, Karida L. "The Coming of the Coal Industry." In Gone Home, 11–26. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469647036.003.0002.

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This chapter provides historical context for the book and anchors the text in place. Drawing on archival data collected form Kentucky and Alabama-based archives and oral history data collected from African Americans in the sample population, Brown describes the conditions under which the coal mining industry emerged in eastern Kentucky at the turn of the twentieth century. She also describes the economic and social conditions of black life in post-Reconstruction Alabama. Through this historical analysis, Brown reveals the antecedents of the mass migration of African Americans from the Alabama black belt into the coalfields of eastern Kentucky. Moving beyond the individual level push-pull framework of mass migration analysis, this chapter focuses on the role of corporations and fin de siècle northern industrialists in initiating calculated mass migration streams to meet their demand for labor.
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