Academic literature on the topic 'African Archaeology'

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Journal articles on the topic "African Archaeology"

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Lane, Paul. "African archaeology today." Antiquity 75, no. 290 (December 2001): 793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00089298.

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For most archaeologists across the globe, mention of Africa in the context of archaeological research will probably bring to mind the important discoveries of early stone tools and hominid remains in eastern and southern Africa, the spectacular stone-walled enclosures and other structures at Great Zimbabwe, and images of ‘tribal’ culture, subsistence practices, artefacts and housing that, to some Western eyes at least, can seem reminiscent of a more distant non-African past. For some, the architectural and artistic splendours of Egyptian civilization may also form part of this image of archaeology on the continent, although for complex geopolitical, historical and academic reasons the study of Egyptian archaeology, in all but a few instances, continues to be regarded as distinct from that of the rest of Africa. While accepting that the preceding sentences are something of a caricature of the non-Africanist’s understanding and perception of the work of archaeologists on the continent, and that general introductory texts on archaeological methods and theory nowadays give wider coverage of African case-studies than was the case even a decade ago (e.g. Renfrew & Bahn 1991; Fagan 1995), the level of awareness of the breadth of African archaeology, current discoveries and research issues, as well as the many problems that practitioners and managers face on a daily basis, remains abysmally low.
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SCHMIDT, PETER R., and JONATHAN R. WALZ. "HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY IN AFRICA: NOBLE CLAIMS, REVISIONIST PERSPECTIVES, AND AFRICAN VOICES? African Historical Archaeologies. Edited by Andrew M. Reid and Paul J. Lane. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2004. Pp. 408. $70, paperback (ISBN 0-306-47996-6)." Journal of African History 46, no. 2 (July 2005): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853705000484.

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The editors of this volume affiliate their mission with an amplified and heightened sense of history that has swept Africanist scholarship in the post-independence era. They claim to take historical archaeology in Africa in a new direction by beginning the process of constructive interaction between history and archaeology (pp. 27-8). An intended component of their project is to create ‘alternative histories rooted in explicitly African sources’ (p. 16). They further raise our anticipation that the volume will examine the disjuncture between the practice of archaeology and contemporary life on most of the continent. This is a noble sentiment, yet the contributors fail to draw on African scholars who attempt to make archaeology pertinent to daily African lives. The editors' insistence on African representations in writing the past is poignantly contradicted by the paucity of African authors in their volume fourteen years after Peter Robertshaw's A History of African Archaeology was faulted for its failure to include more than two (non-white) African contributors. This practice largely restricts knowledge production to hegemonic Western perspectives and subverts the book's primary rhetorical theme of giving ‘voice’ to silenced African pasts. The cost of the paperback – $70 – also hinders access to African readers and their capacity to engage issues that arise in the fourteen chapters, three of which focus on West Africa, three on East Africa, one on North Africa and five on southern Africa.
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Gabel, Creighton, and David W. Phillipson. "African Archaeology." International Journal of African Historical Studies 19, no. 1 (1986): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/218720.

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Bisson, Michael S., and David W. Phillipson. "African Archaeology." International Journal of African Historical Studies 28, no. 3 (1995): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/221185.

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Sheppard, Peter J., and David W. Phillipson. "African Archaeology." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 21, no. 1 (1987): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485116.

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Humphreys, A. J. B., and D. W. Phillipson. "African Archaeology." South African Archaeological Bulletin 40, no. 142 (December 1985): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3888466.

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Smith, A. B., and D. W. Phillipson. "African Archaeology." South African Archaeological Bulletin 49, no. 159 (June 1994): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3889174.

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Freeman-Grenville, G. S. P., and David W. Phillipson. "African Archaeology." American Historical Review 91, no. 2 (April 1986): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1858255.

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Robertshaw, Peter. "Rivals No More: Jan Vansina, Precolonial African Historiography, and Archaeology." History in Africa 45 (June 2018): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2018.14.

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Abstract:This tribute to Jan Vansina explores the role of archaeology in the investigation of early African history, arguing for more work on the relationship between politics and the practice of ritual. The well-trodden topic of migrations of Bantu-speakers is revisited to examine the potential of genetics and archaeology to contribute to their investigation. Vansina often claimed to be a positivist and empiricist but there are contradictions in his writings that are tied to his changing vision of the purpose of precolonial African historiography. His view that African history must be meaningful to Africans resonates with recent developments in African archaeology.
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Sutton, John E. G. "Forgotten Africa: An Introduction to its Archaeology, African Connections: An Archaeological Perspective on Africa and the Wider World, African Archaeology, African Archaeology: A Critical Introduction." Antiquaries Journal 86 (September 2006): 402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000358150000024x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "African Archaeology"

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Pitso, Mathapelo. "Discovering hidden voices in South African forensic archaeology." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78139.

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This dissertation outlines the history of the discipline of forensic archaeology in South Africa, reviewing its development over the years. Forensic archaeology is an important discipline in the detection and recovery of human remains and related evidence. While forensic archaeology has been shown to be important, it’s existence is largely within the shadows of forensic anthropology. What is further evident is that it’s development has been significantly varied from one country to the next. I principally focused on four countries (Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and South Africa) to critically assess its historical development. Furthermore, two sets of respondents were interviewed through the use of questionnaires to provide the necessary insights. These were the students studying Physical Anthropology (ANA 315) and the professionals working directly and indirectly within the industry of forensic archaeology. I found that the discipline is in its embryonic stages in the country, with no one really identifying as a forensic archaeologist. There are no independent courses offered for one to train as a specialist in the field. Equally, there are no set of requirements for those who wish to practice as forensic archaeologists.
Dissertation (MA (Archaeology))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Anthropology and Archaeology
MA (Archaeology)
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Franco, Pina. "African amphorae from Portus." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/362725/.

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The object of this thesis is the African amphora assemblage from Portus, the maritime port of Imperial Rome. By means of amphorae, this thesis looks at the important relationship between producers and consumers, between what was produced on the land in North Africa in terms of ceramics and agricultural produce, and what was traded at the port of Rome. Amphorae were large-sized vessels used for moving foodstuffs, and one of the main archaeological evidence for topics related to trade studies in the Classical world. This study in particular aims to identify production workshops in commercial partnership with Portus, located in Africa Proconsularis, corresponding to modern Tunisia and western Libya. Building upon an understanding of previous academic work related to principles of fabrics, petrological and typological analysis of amphorae, the products of a number of important production workshops were characterized in the assemblage, including those from Sullecthum, Lepcis Magna, Tripoli, and Nabeul. Sullecthum, Lecpis and Tripoli and their hinterland zones were important commercial partners in the 3rd century AD, while Nabeul, characterized by vessels in a red fabric, in the 4th and 5th centuries AD. This work also proposes a new approach for the study of amphorae: that is, to associate the amphorae with their social context of production, and the people who manufactured them, a dimension often forgotten. This is investigated through consideration of a proposed framework that takes into account forming techniques and their socioeconomic significance, and skill investment in production. This thesis brings a greater breadth regarding our understanding of the development of the port at Portus, its relationship to nearby important commercial locations, and its decline. Being initially in the shadow of the nearby fluvial harbour of Ostia, it is with the early 3rd century AD that the commercial character of the harbour is defined, while a decline is evident in the second half of the 5th century AD. In considering these topics, this study aims to contribute to the wider Portus Project undertaken by the University of Southampton in collaboration with the British School in Rome, the University of Cambridge and the Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici di Roma (Ostia Antica). This is the first time that this very important archaeological site is studied in detail and its ceramic materials analyzed.
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Codron, Jacqueline. "Annals of ivory : perspectives on African elephant Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach 1797) feeding ecology from a multi-decadal record." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4169.

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This thesis explores the dietary responses of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) to environmental change by testing the hypothesis that diet switching (from predominantly browse-based to more grass-rich diets) is driven by cyclical patterns of climate and habitat change in a southern African savanna. Elephants are thought to have substantial impacts on their environments, primarily because they consume large amounts of vegetation over sustained periods. However, the woody plant composition of their diet varies considerably across space and through time, so that in some instances they have been found to be almost pure grazers. Tracking these changes by traditional approaches (e.g. field observations) is difficult because of the geographical and temporal constraints inherent to these methods. Stable light isotope tracking of diet allows diet switching to be studied over multiple space/time scales. Here, I use stable isotope data from elephant faeces, tail hair, and ivory to record short- (monthly), medium- (seasonal to annual), and long-term (decadal) ecological variability, respectively, of elephant diets in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Results from faeces collected at monthly resolution for one year confirm findings of a previous study (based on biannually-collected samples over two years) that elephants generally consume more grass in the more wooded habitats of the northern Kruger Park, but that there is a greater degree of seasonal diet switching in southern Kruger Park habitats. Moreover, diet changes also relate to changes in underlying bedrock across Kruger Park. Isotopic time-series produced by serial profiling of tail hairs confirm patterns observed in faeces. Long-term diet histories of individuals are derived from serial isotope sampling of ivory, yielding records that represent several decades of an animal’s life, at sub-annual (seasonal) resolution. Overlaying individual ivory series in time produces the first, to my knowledge, multidecadal record of African elephant diet, dating from 1903 to 1993. Contrary to expectations, stable carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotope records from ivory do not correlate well with cyclical climate trends for the study region. Rather, pronounced diet shifts are observed during extreme climatic events (floods and droughts), and the greatest levels of intra- and inter-annual variability coincide with significant changes in park management policy during the 20th century, i.e. the introduction of water provision programs after the mid 1930s, and the onset of elephant population control in 1967. It is proposed that such direct intervention has played the biggest role in disturbance of elephant-plant equilibria during the 20th century, and further studies to improve our understanding of this phenomenon will be instrumental to development of appropriate management strategies for the 21st century.
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Herries, Andrew Ian Richard. "Magnetostratigraphic seriation of South African hominin palaeocaves." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288202.

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Stump, Daryl Andrew. "Towards an applied archaeology of East African intensive agricultural systems." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445862/.

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This study questions whether archaeological techniques and perspectives can be applied to aid in the assessment of rural development practices in Africa, and is a response to a gradual paradigm shift that rejects large-scale, top-down modernisation programmes in favour of small-scale projects that are managed locally and employ 'indigenous' systems of knowledge. In Africa, as in other parts of the developing world, the projects that have adopted this alternative approach have tended to focus on rural economies and have drawn upon recent research that has emphasised the unique contexts of individual communities' approaches to resource exploitation, and which have demonstrated the ability of many societies to maintain modes of economy that various western derived models would expect to be unsustainable. Although these studies have originated from a variety of disciplinary standpoints and have, in general, stressed the need for a multidisciplinary approach, archaeological data is rarely employed. Superficially, however, the case for an archaeological contribution seems self-evident, since any appraisal of sustainability clearly requires an assessment of how long a particular agronomy has been in operation, and whether or not the practices that have sustained it have changed through time. The current study explores the implications of increased archaeological involvement in this area of research by questioning whether an 'applied archaeology' of African agriculture would be theoretically desirable and pragmatically feasible. The question of desirability includes a discussion of the inevitable political implications of contributing to contemporary developmental debates, but focuses primarily on the more overtly theoretical issue of inter-epistemological translation: arguing for a return to the level of relativism espoused by early post-processualism, and adopting a shift in emphasis that incorporates the construction of plausible pasts alongside a functional approach that may offer insights of value to contemporary communities. In order to assess the feasibility of an archaeological contribution, this paper presents the findings of recent fieldwork at the late precolonial site of Engaruka, in north-eastern Tanzania. These results show that the system of terraces and irrigation features formerly employed at the site were completely integrated to produce a unique and sophisticated response to the problems of farming in this area, and demonstrate that relatively simple, and readily taught, archaeological techniques have the potential to model precisely the development and expansion of agricultural systems, and can do so over a longer period than the methods available to other disciplines. The thesis concludes, therefore, that there is a real need for a truly interdisciplinary approach to this area of study, and that such an approach should include an archaeological component.
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McGhie, Lisa-Maree. "Archaeology and authenticity in select South African museums, and public entertainment spaces." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02072007-130253.

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Zhu, Madeline R. M. W. "Reconstructing the diets of southern African farmers: comparing stable isotopes across body tissues." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22719.

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Expanding on existing data, this thesis presents the largest (N=51) isotopic dataset for Iron Age (2000-100 years BP) agriculturalists in southern Africa. Four isotopic values are presented for each individual (δ¹³Cbone apatite, δ¹³Ctooth enamel, δ¹³Ccollagen, δ¹⁵Ncollagen). Dietary reconstructions using both typical 'fractionation factor' methods and recent bi- and multi-variate models are presented and compared. For this population, which consumed primarily C4 protein and energy sources (including protein-rich crops such as sorghum and millet), multiple tissue isotopes provide valuable insight into diet that cannot be achieved with single tissues, but current models are limited by the lack of isotopic diversity in the data on which they are based. Multi- and bi-variate models are unable to distinguish between C4 plants and animals in some cases, and recreation of cluster analysis including the Iron Age data results in a reduction in the parsimony of the dietary clusters derived in Froehle et al. 2012. Isotopic reconstructions suggest that C3 dietary components contributed limited protein or energy to Iron Age farmers, elaborating on archaeological evidence for their use. Iron Age agriculturalists are found to have consumed highly variable and heterogeneous diets, especially after the 18th century (for all agriculturalists: δ¹³Cbone apatite =-6.25±2.49‰, δ¹³Ctooth enamel =-2.88±2.48‰, δ¹³Ccollagen = -8.65±2.16‰, δ¹⁵Ncollagen=10.05±1.9‰). The expansion of settlement into higher-altitude grassland areas obscures the introduction of maize in the region in the 15th and 16th centuries, and there is no significant difference between the Early and Late Iron Age, with more diversity than expected overall. Environmental effects impact δ¹⁵Ncollagen significantly, but there is no distinct geographical patterning in ¹³C between grassland and savanna biomes. Evidence of regional variation including along rivers and coastal regions is apparent in both the Early and Late Iron Age. The pre-treatment of bone apatite for isotopic use was explored through a series of experiments that compared reaction time in acetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, and particle size of the bone powder to δ¹³Cbone apatite. Extremely small (<25 μm) particles were very sensitive to pre-treatment and significantly altered δ¹³Cbone apatite. Time in sodium hypochlorite was more impactful on the isotopic value of the sample than time in acid, but for short exposure times (<3.5 hours) even poorly preserved bone showed robust isotopic values. δ¹³Cbone apatite and δ¹³Ctooth enamel were uncorrelated (R²=0.24) and Δ¹³Ccollagen-bone apatite (4.77±1.42‰) and Δ¹³Ccollagen-enamel (5.67±1.66‰) are comparable to other published values indicating that tooth enamel and bone apatite are mineralogically and isotopically distinct. The effects of pre-treatment on isotope values in previous studies is examined and possible sources of difference in metabolic processes or fractionation for bone apatite and tooth enamel are explored.
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Drexler, Carl Gilbert. "Dooley's Ferry: The Archaeology of a Civilian Community in Wartime." W&M ScholarWorks, 2013. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623627.

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Warfare and conflict are familiar topics to anthropologists, but it is only recently that anthropological archaeologists moved to create a discrete specialization, known as Conflict Archaeology. Practitioners now actively pursue research in a number of different areas, such as battlefields, fortifications, and troop encampments. These advances throw into sharp relief areas that need greater focus. This dissertation addresses one of these shortcomings by focusing on the home front by studying Dooley's Ferry, a hamlet that once lay on the banks of the Red River, in southwest Arkansas. Before the American Civil War, it was a node in the commodity chains that bound the British Atlantic World together through the production and exchange of cotton for finished goods from the United Kingdom and northeast United States.;The war drastically altered the community in different ways. The site lost community members to military service, displacement, and emancipation. Those who remained were forced to find new ways to cope with the deprivation brought about by the collapse of antebellum trade networks that supplied them with food and finished goods. The residents also faced increasingly complex and ambiguous relationships to government and the Confederate Army.;For four years, the College of William & Mary and the Arkansas Archeological Survey investigated the archaeology of Dooley's Ferry using multiple excavation and remote sensing techniques. The results characterized the distribution of historic residences at the site, established their temporal affiliations, and allowed archaeologists to draw start to understand how we may study the home front archaeology and add substantially to an under-studied aspect of Arkansas's past.
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Sealy, Emma Georgina. "Archaeology education in South Africa : developing curriculum programmes in three Cape Town schools." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9775.

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The history of educational archaeology in South Africa and the intersection of the discipline and the South African school curriculum informed the choice of the research question for this project. This question is "What happens when an archaeologist develops educational programmes and curriculum materials for schools in order that the teachers' and learners have access to the archaeological knowledge and archaeological research skills?" The following assumptions were made at the beginning of the project and it was investigated whether they were valid or not, during the research process: 1. That the curriculum materials produced for an archaeological education programme should be able to be used by teachers without the intervention of an archaeologist. 2. That the teachers could be relied on to develop assessment exercises, which would satisfactorily test whether the learners had achieved the outcomes of the particular programme. 3. That the teachers would be willing to participate as critical partners throughout the research process by providing evaluations of the educational material and the particular programme in general. Three Cape Town schools were selected to participate in the project, which follows an action research paradigm, with each programme at each school being one action research cycle. Reflections on each programme informed the decisions made in the following one. Educational materials were developed for each school, with the assistance of educational editors and trialled in schools with assistance of teachers. Attention was paid to lesson structure, the pitching of questions and the sources of information used. The materials and the three programmes in general were evaluated with the use of questionnaires, which comprised open-ended and direct questions, formal interviews with teachers, which were recorded and transcribed, observation of classes and detailed note taking. The knowledge and skills learners developed as a result of their participation in the programmes was assessed in a variety of ways. Personal Meaning Maps (PMMs) were used by the researcher at Schools B and C in order to develop an understanding of the breadth of the learners' knowledge and opinion on the subjects of slavery and history. The teachers designed assessment exercises in the form of creative writing essays, a comprehension test and an assessment essay. It was found that the teachers at the three schools needed guidance in order to use the curriculum materials in their classrooms for the main aim of this research project to be achieved. The teachers understood the archaeological knowledge but not the archaeological research methods that were used to produce it, because of this it was also found that the teachers could not be relied on to produce satisfactory methods of assessment. In the process of undertaking research in the three schools in question, the teachers were willing to participate as critical partners if they felt that they were well informed enough about the discipline of archaeology.
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Cohen, Anne Louise. "A holocene sea surface temperature record in mollusc shells from the South African coast." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22468.

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This thesis describes the construction of a Holocene history of sea surface temperatures in coastal regions of the southern Benguela and eastern Agulhas Bank of South Africa, using marine mollusc shells preserved in archaeological middens. Two independent palaeothermometers were employed: the traditional oxygen isotope technique and a new, alternative technique based on temperature-dependent changes in structure and mineralogy of the shell of a South African limpet species, Patella granularis. The relationship between the isotopic and structural aspects of shell composition, and habitat temperature was confirmed through examination of living populations.
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Books on the topic "African Archaeology"

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Phillipson, D. W. African archaeology. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

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Akinwumi, Ogundiran, and Falola Toyin, eds. Archaeology of Atlantic Africa and the African diaspora. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007.

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Gokee, Cameron, and Carla Klehm, eds. Spatial Approaches in African Archaeology. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7380-2.

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1954-, Stahl Ann Brower, ed. African archaeology: A critical introduction. Oxford: Blackwell Pub., 2004.

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Peter, Robertshaw, ed. A History of African archaeology. London: J. Currey, 1990.

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1954-, Stahl Ann Brower, ed. African archaeology: A critical introduction. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2005.

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B, Haviser Jay, ed. African sites archaeology in the Caribbean. Princeton: Markus Wiener Publishers, 1999.

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Chami, Felix. The journal of African Archaeology Network. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: E&D Vision Pub., 2010.

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Singleton, Theresa A. The Archaeology of the African diaspora in the Americas. [Glassboro, N.J.]: Society for Historical Archaeology, 1995.

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W, Andah Bassey, ed. Rethinking the African cultural script: An overview of African historiography. Ibadan, Nigeria: West African Journal of Archaeology, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "African Archaeology"

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Mitchell, Peter. "Island archaeology." In African Islands, 241–64. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003245360-7.

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Fennell, Christopher C. "African Diaspora Archaeology." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 57–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_1310.

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Fennell, Christopher C. "African Diaspora Archaeology." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_1310-2.

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Fennell, Christopher C. "African Diaspora Archaeology." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 42–47. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_1310.

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Gijanto, Liza. "African Archaeology and Tourism." In Cultural Heritage and Tourism in Africa, 255–68. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003153955-15.

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Clarke, Ronald J. "Hominids, Earliest African." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 5244–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_644.

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McCall, Grant S., and Rebecca Taylor-Perryman. "African Stone Age." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 64–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_658.

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Clarke, Ronald J. "Hominids, Earliest African." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_644-2.

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Clarke, Ronald J. "Hominids, Earliest African." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 3446–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_644.

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McCall, Grant S., and Rebecca Taylor-Perryman. "African Stone Age." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 48–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_658.

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Conference papers on the topic "African Archaeology"

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Le Quesne, Charles, and Mark Peach. "Operating in Ancient Landscapes: Oil Exploration and Archaeology in Arid Environments." In SPE African Health, Safety, Security, and Environment and Social Responsibility Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/170228-ms.

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Tornatora, Marina, and Ottavio Amaro. "Nile as Laboratory. Exploring River Dynamics through Eighteen Projects." In International Conference of Tirana Planning Week. POLIS University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37199/c41000713.

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Inspired by Brandi’s (1963) assertation that “Egypt is not a country; it is a river,” the Nile becomes the central character, driving both imagination and collaboration in architectural solutions. The NiLab research and design laboratory has been developed for the Egypt Pavilion at the 18th International Architecture Exhibition, the Venice Biennale. As the primary driver of imagination and working together in architecture, water represents the basic choices accompanying the entire journey presented in this volume through six Nile landscapes – Natura, Agro, Urbe, Infrastructure, Industry, and Archaeology. Along them, eighteen project intervention areas have been selected as the scene of an international encounter between Egypt, African populations, and the planet. Together with the Faculty of Engineering of the Ain-Shams University of Cairo (Egypt) and the dArTe Department of the Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria (Italy), 24 international Universities have been invited to build the NiLab, where students, teachers, and young researchers have engaged in concrete design practice to discuss the possible scenarios of a macro-theme: the Nile, an emblematic opportunity to reflect on the theme of water, representative of the planet Earth’s rivers, in the wider context of climate change. NiLab’s six landscapes are proposed as “mixture” spaces (Coccia, 2016) where to find overlapping and/or disappeared local cultures and interrupted or deconstructed identities. These places produce theoretical and practical questions and doubts, thus becoming fields of experimentation on the project’s ontology. It is a critical tool for the current state and, simultaneously, a territory of ideas for the future. Project is therefore engaged as research rather than as a solution to a practical question, aimed at understanding the meaning of the knowledge of the places, even at a theoretical level, the more philosophical boundaries of the topics covered, the relationship between disciplinarity, and the synthesis of knowledge. The NiLab eighteen projects represent research, but also experimentation with a different approach to the dynamics of rivers in different contexts. Thus, sustainability is declined with respect to an architectural and urban design imagination. Ultimately, NiLab offers a unique perspective, treating the Nile not just as a geographical entity but as a living force shaping landscapes, cultures, and the future of our planet.
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Reports on the topic "African Archaeology"

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Horejs, Barbara, and Ulrike Schuh, eds. PREHISTORY & WEST ASIAN/NORTHEAST AFRICAN ARCHAEOLOGY 2021–2023. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/oeai.pwana2021-2023.

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The long-established research of Prehistory and West Asian/Northeast African archaeology (the former Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology, OREA) at the Austrian Academy of Sciences was transformed into a department of the »new« Austrian Archaeological Institute (OeAI) at the Austrian Academy of Sciences in 2021. This merging of several institutes into the new OeAI offers a wide range of new opportunities for basic and interdisciplinary research, which support the traditional research focus as well as the development of new projects in world archaeology. The research areas of the Department of Prehistory and West Asian/Northeast African Archaeology include Quaternary archaeology, Prehistory, Near Eastern archaeology and Egyptology. The groups cover an essential cultural area of prehistoric and early historical developments in Europe, Northeast Africa and West Asia. Prehistory is embedded in the world archaeology concept without geographical borders, including projects beyond this core zone, as well as a scientific and interdisciplinary approach. The focus lies in the time horizon from the Pleistocene about 2.6 million years ago to the transformation of societies into historical epochs in the 1st millennium BC. The chronological expertise of the groups covers the periods Palaeolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. The archaeology of West Asia and Northeast Africa is linked to the Mediterranean and Europe, which enables large-scale and chronologically broad basic research on human history. The department consists of the following seven groups: »Quaternary Archaeology«, »Prehistoric Phenomena«, »Prehistoric Identities«, »Archaeology in Egypt and Sudan«, »Archaeology of the Levant«, »Mediterranean Economies« and »Urnfield Culture Networks«. The groups conduct fieldwork and material analyses in Austria, Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Italy, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Romania, Moldova, Greece, Cyprus, Türkiye, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt, Sudan and South Africa.
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