To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: African Centre for Women.
Journal articles on the topic 'African Centre for Women'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'African Centre for Women.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Nutsukpo, Margaret Fafa. "Feminism in Africa and African Women’s Writing." African Research Review 14, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v14i1.8.
Full textAbstract:
Feminism developed out of the discontents of women in the West. Although African women, over the ages, have always been sensitive to all forms of discrimination within the African society, the emergence of feminism and feminist consciousness-raising awakened in them a new awareness of their oppression through the inequalities in society, reinforced by patriarchal tradition and culture. Many African women have aligned themselves with feminism and the feminist cause and, despite all odds have made remarkable progress in their lives and society and gained respectable acceptance and recognition from even the most stubborn reluctance of male domination. This trend has been captured by African women writers in their literary works which reflect the progress African women have made in transitioning from the margin to the centre and their contributions to social change.
Key Words: Feminism, Africa, patriarchy, African women, consciousness-raising, change
2
Cockerton, Camilla M., Margaret C. Snyder, and Mary Tadesse. "African Women and Development: A History. The Story of the African Training and Research Centre for Women of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa." International Journal of African Historical Studies 30, no. 2 (1997): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/221288.
Full text
3
Ranger, Terence. "Dignifying Death: the Politics of Burial in Bulawayo." Journal of Religion in Africa 34, no. 1-2 (2004): 110–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006604323056741.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThere has recently been much more recognition of the African role in the making of the colonial cities of southern Africa. Nevertheless, many kinds of action have still seemed to be impossible for Africans living in tightly controlled municipal townships. Among these is the political and symbolic management of death. While literature on West African towns celebrates 'mausoleum politics' and the struggle over the burial of dead men under the floors of their houses, in colonial Southern African cities it has been assumed that Africans had no choice but to accept the constraining rules of drab municipal cemeteries. Similarly, the initiative and agency, which we know rural Africans in Southern Africa to have exercised in their encounters with mission Christianity, have been much less documented in the towns. In short, it has been assumed that the Southern African town—and particularly the black townships—represented colonial control at its most intense and oppressive, allowing little room for symbolic or practical autonomy whether in social life, politics or religion. This article tests such presuppositions in relation to Southern Rhodesia's second largest town, and major industrial centre, Bulawayo. It argues that from the late 1890s there has always been a black Bulawayo, expressed first in the absence of municipal or state control of the Location and expressed later by the emergence of varying influential men and women there with the capacity to take cultural and symbolic initiatives, perhaps especially in the sphere of death, burial and commemoration. It discusses the successful performance of rites to 'bring back the spirit' a year after death despite missionary and municipal prohibitions; it discusses the role of the innumerable Burial Societies in colonial Bulawayo; it discusses the efforts of educated young men to erect memorials for African kings and chiefs; it discusses the varying focus of three types of African urban Christianity—missionfounded churches, 'Ethiopianist' independent churches and Apostolic prophetic churches—on rituals of death. By so doing it opens up many questions about the social, political, cultural and religious life of an African Location in colonial southern Africa.
4
Victorino, Rui M. M., D. Guerreiro, M. Helena Lourenço, M. O. Santos Ferreira, and L. Cunha Teles. "Prevalence of HIV-2 Infection in a Family Planning Clinic in Lisbon." International Journal of STD & AIDS 3, no. 4 (July 1992): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249200300410.
Full textAbstract:
A significant proportion (10%) of notified AIDS cases in Portugal are due to HIV-2 infection as a result of the close connections of Portugal with Western African Countries (ex-Portuguese colonies) where there is a high HIV-2 seroprevalence. We conducted a seroepidemiological study of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in 1400 women attending family planning and antenatal clinics in a health centre in Lisbon with the objective of analysing whether there was evidence of HIV-2 spread in this population. The seroprevalence for HIV, as determined by ELISA and confirmed by Western Blot, was 0.42% (6 cases) and 50% of these were of HIV-2 infection. Analysis of the epidemiological inquiries reveals that out of the 6 seropositive cases, only one was a drug addict (HIV-1) and another a western African black woman (HIV-2). The other 4 cases (2 HIV-2 and 2 HIV-1) were white Portuguese women with no history of travelling to Africa or previous blood transfusions, and the only risk factor was a history of multiple sexual partners (in 3 out of 4).
5
Zainab Ibrahim Lawal, Aqeel Khan, Jamaluddin Bin Ramli, and Muhammad Imran Qureshi. "CORRELATES OF HAPPINESS AMONG MUSLIM WOMEN STUDENTS IN WOMEN CENTRE FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION SOKOTO STATE, NORTHERN NIGERIA." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 6, no. 4 (June 13, 2021): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v6i4.1289.
Full textAbstract:
Despite burgeoning researches on happiness in different fields of psychology, anthropology, and economics, in the west on Judeo-Christians and on men, fewer researches were conducted on correlates of happiness among Muslims especially Women in the African context. World happiness report (WHR) reported that Nigeria was ranked as the 5th happiest nation and 6th in Africa, however fewer researches of happiness in Nigeria were reported especially in Northern Nigeria. It investigated the relationship between happiness, culture, socio-economic status and religious coping, among Muslim women students. Quantitative design of the correlational type was used, the population of 900 students from women centers for continuing education (WCCE) and 269 samples using a purposive sampling method. Orientation to happiness scale (OHS) with the reliability of 0.953, cultural questionnaire for women (CQW) with a coefficient of 0.918, a demographic questionnaire socio-economic status scale (SESS) with 0.717 reliability co-efficient and Islamic religious coping scale (IRCOPE) with alpha 0.888 were the instruments used for data collection, generally named happiness, culture, socio-economic status and religious coping scale with a total coefficient of 0.937. Partial least square based on structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse the data. It revealed that a statistically significant positive relationship between happiness, culture and religious coping, while SES was not significantly related to happiness among Muslim women students.
6
Kabakambira, J. Damascene, Rafeal L. Baker Jr, Sara M. Briker, Amber B. Courville, Lilian S. Mabundo, Christopher W. DuBose, Stephanie T. Chung, Robert H. Eckel, and Anne E. Sumner. "Do current guidelines for waist circumference apply to black Africans? Prediction of insulin resistance by waist circumference among Africans living in America." BMJ Global Health 3, no. 5 (October 2018): e001057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001057.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundTo lower the risk of diabetes and heart disease in Africa, identification of African-centred thresholds for inexpensive biomarkers of insulin resistance (IR) is essential. The waist circumference (WC) thresholds that predicts IR in African men and women have not been established, but investigations recently conducted in Africa using indirect measures of IR suggest IR is predicted by WC of 80–95 cm in men and 90–99 cm in women. These WC cannot be used for guidelines until validated by direct measurements of IR and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Therefore, we determined in a group of African-born black people living in America (A) the WC, which predicts IR and (B) the influence of abdominal fat distribution on IR.MethodsThe 375 participants (age 38±10 years (mean±SD), 67% men) had IR determined by HOMA-IR and Matsuda index. VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were measured by abdominal CT scans. Optimal WC for the prediction of IR was determined in sex-specific analyses by area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) and Youden index.ResultsWomen had more SAT (203±114 vs 128±74 cm2) and less VAT than men (63±48 vs 117±72 cm2, p<0.001). Optimal WC for prediction of IR in men and women were: 91 cm (AUC-ROC: 0.80±0.03 (mean±SE)) and 96 cm (AUC-ROC: 0.81±0.08), respectively. Regression analyses revealed a significant sex–VAT interaction (p<0.001). Therefore, for every unit increase in VAT, women had a 0.94 higher unit increase in SAT and 0.07 higher unit increase in WC than men.ConclusionWorking with a group of African-born black people living in America, we accessed technology, which validated observations made in Africa. Higher SAT at every level of VAT explained why the WC that predicted IR was higher in women (96 cm) than men (91 cm). For Africans to benefit from WC measurements, convening a panel of experts to develop evidence-based African-centred WC guidelines may be the way forward.
7
Cavagna, G. A., P. A. Willems, M. A. Legramandi, and N. C. Heglund. "Pendular energy transduction within the step in human walking." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 21 (November 1, 2002): 3413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.21.3413.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARY During walking, the centre of mass of the body moves like that of a `square wheel': with each step cycle, some of its kinetic energy, Ek, is converted into gravitational potential energy, Ep, and then back into kinetic energy. To move the centre of mass, the locomotory muscles must supply only the power required to overcome the losses occurring during this energy transduction. African women carry loads of up to 20% of their body weight on the head without increasing their energy expenditure. This occurs as a result of an unexplained, more effective energy transduction between Ek and Ep than that of Europeans. In this study we measured the value of the Ek to Ep transduction at each instant in time during the step in African women and European subjects during level walking at 3.5-5.5 km h-1, both unloaded and carrying loads spanning 20-30% of their body weight. A simulation of the changes in Ek and Ep during the step by sinusoidal curves was used for comparison. It was found that loading improves the transduction of Ep to Ek during the descent of the centre of mass. The improvement is not significant in European subjects, whereas it is highly significant in African women.
8
Akujobi, Remi. "Waiting and the Legacy of Apartheid." Matatu 48, no. 1 (2016): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-04801003.
Full textAbstract:
With debates about the issues of liberation, centering, and empowerment dominating the African literary landscape, particularly in works written by women, it is not surprising to find that the issue of ‘waiting’ occupies centre stage in Njabulo Ndebele’s novel The Cry of Winnie Mandela (2003). Much, of course, has been written on this work, which focuses on the peculiar problems facing women in contemporary South Africa, but the object of this essay is to examine the theme of waiting as it is made manifest in the literary production of the Third-World level of South African life under apartheid. The background to this literature is infiltration, colonialism, and exploitation in the lives of simple people struggling for survival and meaning in a harsh world. Through complex negotiations, women are attempting to come to terms with their increasingly visible role as breadwinners in the absence of their menfolk. This produces unexpected reconfigurations, personal and familial. One question addressed is whether these reconfigurations represent a crisis in the relations of social reproduction or a transition to new forms of family life. The novel is characterized by elements of the fantastic and mythical woven into a deceptively simple story that scrutinizes society at its base in a state of post-apartheid hangover.
9
Olagbaju, Oladotun Opeoluwa. "Adult Literacy and Skill Acquisition Programmes as Correlates of Women Empowerment and Self-Reliance in The Gambia." Education Research International 2020 (February 10, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7264171.
Full textAbstract:
Self-reliance and empowerment for women have been at the centre of the agitations for gender balance in Africa. Women are largely marginalised, and obvious gender disparity exists in school enrolment and completion rates in most African countries, particularly in The Gambia. Efforts to address this shortfall led to the adoption of adult literacy and skill acquisition programmes to build the capacity of women and out-of-school adults. Training contents were developed and centres set up across the six educational regions in the country, but most graduates of the programme are neither financially empowered nor self-reliant. Therefore, the study examined the relationship between these capacity-building programmes and women empowerment and self-reliance. The research employed a descriptive design of survey type with 250 participants from two educational regions in The Gambia. Four null hypotheses were raised and data collected through a questionnaire were analysed using t-test, mean, and simple frequency. The result showed that adult literacy and skill acquisition programmes correlate significantly with women empowerment and self-reliance in The Gambia. Recommendations were made on how to improve on the existing training structure.
10
Presbey, Gail. "Sophie Olúwọlé's Major Contributions to African Philosophy." Hypatia 35, no. 2 (2020): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hyp.2020.6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article provides an overview of the contributions to philosophy of Nigerian philosopher Sophie Bọ´sẹ`dé Olúwọlé (1935–2018). The first woman to earn a philosophy PhD in Nigeria, Olúwọlé headed the Department of Philosophy at the University of Lagos before retiring to found and run the Centre for African Culture and Development. She devoted her career to studying Yoruba philosophy, translating the ancient Yoruba Ifá canon, which embodies the teachings of Orunmila, a philosopher revered as an Óríṣá in the Ifá pantheon. Seeing his works as examples of secular reasoning and argument, she compared Orunmila's and Socrates' philosophies and methods and explored similarities and differences between African and European philosophies. A champion of African oral traditions, Olúwọlé argued that songs, proverbs, liturgies, and stories are important sources of African responses to perennial philosophical questions as well as to contemporary issues, including feminism. She argued that the complementarity that ran throughout Yoruba philosophy guaranteed women's rights and status, and preserved an important role for women, youths, and foreigners in politics.
11
Jeong, Bok Gyo, and Sara Compion. "Characteristics of women’s leadership in African social enterprises: The Heartfelt Project, Bright Kids Uganda and Chikumbuso." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, no. 2 (May 21, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-11-2019-0305.
Full textAbstract:
Learning outcomes This trio of cases is appropriate for upper-level undergraduate classes or for postgraduate programs in non-profit management, leadership and community development, international development, global studies, women’s and gender studies and social entrepreneurship. It allows the instructors and students to engage with classical leadership tenets and emerging social entrepreneurship literature. Upon completion of the case study discussion and assignments, students will be able to: identify diverse obstacles that African women face in starting social enterprises; understand the ways that African women leaders build a social dimension to their enterprise; and identify characteristics of women’s leadership and critique the value of women’s leadership for establishing sustainable social enterprises. Case overview/synopsis The case stories of the three African social enterprises portray how female leaders have fostered sustainable organisations through prioritising social, over economic and governance investments. Martha Letsoalo, a former domestic worker, founded the Heartfelt Project in South Africa, which now employs fifteen women, ships products all around the world and enriches the community of Makapanstad with its workshop, training and education centre. Victoria Nalongo Namusisi, daughter of a fisherman in rural Uganda, founded Bright Kids Uganda, a thriving care facility, school and community centre that educates vulnerable children, empowers victims of gender-based violence and distributes micro-loans to female entrepreneurs. Gertrude, abandoned in Lusaka, Zambia, founded Chikumbuso, a home of resilience and remembrance to educate children and offer women employment in a cooperative business. Each case documents the founding years of the social enterprise and outlines some of the shared women’s leadership approaches. The case dilemma focuses on why and how women start social enterprises in socially and economically difficult contexts. Complexity academic level This trio of cases is appropriate for undergraduate or graduate-level programs in non-profit management, leadership and community development, international development, global studies and social entrepreneurship. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only.
12
Diabah, Grace. "The representation of women in Ghanaian radio commercials: Sustaining or challenging gender stereotypes?" Language in Society 48, no. 2 (November 21, 2018): 261–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404518001343.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe relationship between gender and advertising has been discussed extensively. Scholarly works have often emanated from the West and have principally centred on visual advertisements, rather than radio (which plays a critical role in the lives of many Africans). Most of these studies have centred on how women are represented in traditionally stereotyped ways. However, recent studies have shown decreases in these stereotypes as ways of responding to changes in gender roles. But do gender-related adverts from Africa reflect the changing statuses and roles of African women (some of which challenge traditional gender stereotypes)? This article investigates how women are represented in Ghanaian radio commercials and indicates whether such representations reproduce, reinforce, or challenge feminine practices. An analysis of thirty-seven gender-related adverts reveals that, although women are rarely represented as challenging gender stereotypes, they are sometimes represented as using certain traditionally stereotyped roles as sources of ‘power’ to challenge other stereotypes. (Advertising, gender stereotypes, women, radio, Ghana, ideals of femininity)*
13
Kelly, P., S. Patchett, D. McCloskey, E. Alstead, M. Farthing, and P. Fairclough. "Sclerosing cholangitis, race and sex." Gut 41, no. 5 (November 1, 1997): 688–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.41.5.688.
Full textAbstract:
Background—Primary sclerosing cholangitis develops in 3–10% of patients with ulcerative colitis, and may be associated with an increased cancer risk. Ulcerative colitis is probably less common in people of African origin than in populations of European descent.Aims and methods—To review the records of all patients under regular follow up for ulcerative colitis at St Bartholomew’s Hospital (London, UK) , a tertiary referral centre, prompted by discovering a cluster of cases with common features.Results and conclusions—Among 166 patients with ulcerative colitis under regular follow up, only four (all women) are of African or Caribbean genetic origin, and three of these have developed sclerosing cholangitis within three years of presentation with colitis, compared with four of 162 patients of European or Asian descent (odds ratio 119, 95% confidence interval 8–3837; p=0.0002). This cluster, which is not explained by common HLA DR or DQ type, suggests that Africans and Afro-Caribbeans, especially women, may be at increased risk of sclerosing cholangitis. This may reflect genetic influences on the development of enteric and hepatobiliary inflammatory disease.
14
Ngeh, Andrew T., and Sarah M. Nalova. "Rethinking Language and Gender in African Fiction: Towards De-gendering and Re-gendering." Social Science, Humanities and Sustainability Research 1, no. 1 (June 20, 2020): p132. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sshsr.v1n1p132.
Full textAbstract:
The recognition and acceptance of the social construction of gender and the coercive nature of gendered subjectivities has been at the centre of feminist discourse which challenges the subjugation of the woman. G.D. Nyamndi, therefore, in his Facing Meamba attempts to address these concerns and proffer feasible solutions. The representation of women in literature, the role of gender in both literary creation and literary criticism, as studied ingynocriticism, the connection between gender and various aspects of literary form in such genre and metre embody masculine values of heroism, war, and adventure. This androcentric stand has compromised the rights of the woman, resulting in her marginalization, alienation and exclusion from socio-cultural activities. She is maligned with a sense of inadequacy. The patriarchal centre prevails and dominates the woman who has been pushed to the margin of the society. In this regard, Nyamndi demonstrates that, the African woman still has a place within the postcolonial context even though the man is imbued with more powers than the woman. Informed by the postcolonial theory, this study argues that, gendering constitutes a grave danger to a harmonious existence between the two genders. The study revealed that, de-gendering and re-gendering can create harmony between the man and woman because the two concepts are basis for gender equality. To achieve this, language which constitutes a semiotic mould has been exploited to deploy themes like, gender inequality and cultural issues.
15
Made, Patricia A., and Nyorovai Whande. "Women in Southern Africa: A Note on the Zimbabwean “Success Story”." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 17, no. 2 (1989): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700009124.
Full textAbstract:
Five years ago, women in Africa moved to the center stage of the continent. The U.N. Decade for Women Conference held in Nairobi brought together women from all over the world to exchange ideas and discuss future strategies. African women turned out for the meeting in force. Women representing governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and grass-roots women's clubs converged on Nairobi to tell their story to other women in the common struggle for equality, justice and peace.
16
Kundi, Dr Minu. "Representation of Marginalization in the Life Writing of African American Women Writers." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 9, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 172–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v9i1.10890.
Full textAbstract:
The process of imperialism and colonialism was established on the covert idea of economic and political exploitation of the underdeveloped eastern cultures by the dominant west. With the process of decolonization, the marginalized and the poor have been given a centre space alongwith the reversal of the order where those who were the object for centuries, suddenly refuse to be subjected to misrepresentation and domination, and begin to constitute their own discourses. Literature serves as a medium of honest self expression and platform to express the true self for women. American society has triply disempowered and disenfranchised African American women on the basis of race, gender and class. Many African American women writers attempt to break down traditional structures and dislocate narrative strategies in order to re-examine subject identity and to demonstrate the complexity of female experience. By writing about their lives the marginalized are valorized and their oppression turns into empowerment. Life writing helps females to explore subjectivity and to assume authorship of their own life. The account of the life of African American women writers chronicles their frequent encounters with racism, sexism and classism as they describe the people, events and personal qualities that helped them to survive the devastating effects of their environment.
17
Wepnje, Godlove Bunda, Judith Kuoh Anchang-Kimbi, Leopold Gustave Lehman, and Helen Kuokuo Kimbi. "Evaluation of Urine Reagent Strip as a Tool for Routine Diagnosis of Maternal Urogenital Schistosomiasis at Antenatal Clinic Visit in Munyenge, South West Region, Cameroon." BioMed Research International 2019 (December 6, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2972630.
Full textAbstract:
Urine reagent strip used in detecting microhaematuria has been recommended in pregnancy for diagnosis of urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS) during routine antenatal care (ANC). This study evaluated its sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values in the diagnosis of maternal UGS using filtration method as a reference test. We also assessed the variation in its performance in the diagnosis of UGS using multiple-sample collection. A total of 93 pregnant women reporting for first ANC clinic visit at any of the three functional health care centres (Munyenge Integrated Health Centre, Banga Annex Health Centre, and Trans African Health Centre) were enrolled and followed up for three consecutive monthly visits. Urine samples were observed microscopically for S. haematobium egg using urine filtration and screened for microhaematuria and proteinuria using urine reagent strips. Twenty-two (23.7%) out of the 93 women were diagnosed for UGS, all of whom showed S. haematobium egg excretion during all three visits. There was a significant difference (p<0.001) between the prevalence of S. haematobium infection and the prevalence of microhaematuria. The intensity of infection was significantly higher in microhaematuria-positive women compared with microhaematuria-negative cases. Sensitivity of reagent strip ranged from 54.5 to 59.1%, while specificity was above 98.0% (range: 98.6–100%). The measure of agreement between urine filtration and reagent strip method was substantial (0.61–0.8) irrespective of different sampling periods. Urine reagent strip is a moderately sensitive method in the detection of UGS and will most likely identify women with high egg load burden. Proper diagnosis of schistosomiasis during pregnancy is recommended.
18
Lewis, D. A. "5. HIV AND WOMEN: THE AFRICAN EXPERIENCE." Sexual Health 4, no. 4 (2007): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/shv4n4ab5.
Full textAbstract:
Africa as a continent has been devastated by the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Women are more likely to acquire HIV/AIDS for a number of reasons and incidence studies show that younger women are particularly at risk of HIV acquisition. Biologically, they are more vulnerable and the acquisition of HIV can be influenced by hormonal contraceptives as well as sexually transmitted infections, which are often more asymptomatic than is the case for men. Women in Africa are also more vulnerable because of cultural issues; in some countries polygamy is accepted practice. Women are often economically disadvantaged and disempowered. It is often hard for them to insist on the use of condoms with husbands and regular partners. Physical and sexual abuse of women, including rape, remains a major problem on the continent, particularly in times of civil war. Many women are forced to work as sex workers or be involved in transactional sex in order to survive. Most countries rely on anonymous antenatal surveys to generate HIV seroprevalence data for women of reproductive age. These data is often used as surrogate markers for HIV prevalence rates in men of a similar age. The seroprevalence of HIV among pregnant women differs remarkably around the continent, with the highest rates being seen in Southern Africa, as high as 30%, and much lower rates being seen in West Africa. These reasons underlying these differences are complex and not completely understood. UNAIDS estimated in 2005 that 470�000 (87%) of the world's 540�000 newly infected children (<15 years old) reside in Sub-Saharan Africa. Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV is thus a national priority in many Sub-Saharan African countries. Despite policies, treatment is sometimes not given at the clinic level for several reasons, and when it is, most commonly it is with single dose Nevirapine. Data from South Africa has shown that both mothers and infected babies rapidly acquire nevirapine resistance. It is likely that this will lead to early failure of first line antiretroviral (ARV) therapy among these mothers once they start their ARVs. In South Africa, for example, either efavirenz or nevirapine form the backbone of the first-line ARV regimens. AIDS defining illnesses (ADIs) in women living in Africa are similar to those observed in men. Tuberculosis is the most common ADI but other life-threatening illnesses such as cryptococcal meningitis are relatively common compared to other parts of the world. Cervical cancer and cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions are more common in HIV-infected than in non-infected women. Most countries in Africa do not have cervical screening programmes and, even in richer countries such as South Africa, the national policy is to screen women three times in their life at 30, 40 and 50 years of age. Many HIV specialist centres, with additional donor funds, are now attempting to perform annual cervical screening, at least in South Africa.
19
Luiselli, Luca, Emmanuel M. Hema, Gabriel Hoinsoudé Segniagbeto, Valy Ouattara, Edem A. Eniang, Gnoumou Parfait, Godfrey C. Akani, et al. "Bushmeat consumption in large urban centres in West Africa." Oryx 54, no. 5 (December 11, 2018): 731–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605318000893.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThere is an unprecedented demand for bushmeat in large cities in sub-Saharan Africa, and this is a major threat to many species. We conducted 2,040 interviews in six cities in four West African countries, in forest and savannah settings. We analysed age- and sex-related differences in the frequency of bushmeat consumption. Overall, we found similar patterns in all cities: 62.2% of men and 72.1% of women said they would never eat bushmeat, whereas 12.8% of men and 8.8% of women said they liked bushmeat and ate it regularly. Younger generations of both sexes tended not to eat bushmeat, regardless of their city of origin. This study of the effects of age, gender and geographical location on bushmeat consumption in African cities provides insights regarding which population groups to target in campaigns to change behaviours.
20
Frymus, Agata. "Researching Black women and film history." Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, no. 20 (January 27, 2021): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/alpha.20.18.
Full textAbstract:
My project (Horizon 2020, 2018–20) traces Black female moviegoing in Harlem during the silent film era. The main challenge in uncovering the women’s stories is that historical paradigm has always prioritised the voices of the white, middle-class elite. In the field of Black film history, criticism expressed by male journalists—such as Lester A. Walton of New York Age—has understandably received the most attention (Everett; Field, Uplift). Black, working-class women are notoriously missing from the archive. How do we navigate historical records, with their own limits and absences? This paper argues for a broader engagement with historic artefacts—memoirs, correspondence and recollections—as necessary to re-centre film historiography towards the marginalised. It points to the ways in which we can learn from the scholars and methods of African American history to “fill in the gaps” in the study of historical spectatorship.
21
WILLIAMS, JAMES HERBERT, WENDY F. AUSLANDER, CHERYL A. HOUSTON, HOPE KREBILL, and DEBRA HAIRE-JOSHU. "African American Family Structure." Journal of Family Issues 21, no. 7 (October 2000): 838–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251300021007002.
Full textAbstract:
This study addresses the following research questions: (a) What are the various types of family structures that exist in urban African American households? and (b) to what extent do differences in family structure influence social, psychological, and economic well-being as reported by urban African American women? The authors present findings from 301 African American women who participated in a community-based nutrition prevention program in a large Midwestern urban center. This study's results indicate that family structure has more influence on African American women's economic well-being than do social and psycho-logical factors. Implications of these findings for intervention are presented.
22
Bobia, Rosa, and Cheryl Staunton. "Aminata Sow Fall and the Centre africain d'animation et d'échanges culturels in Senegal." Journal of Modern African Studies 29, no. 3 (September 1991): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00000653.
Full textAbstract:
Now recognised as the leading woman novelist of francophone Africa, Aminata Sow Fall first achieved literary attention with the publication of Le Revenant (Dakar, 1976). After a rather long stay in France, where she studied at the Sorbonne and became agrégée de lettres, Sow Fall decided to distance herself from other African writters by ensuring that ‘The Ghost’ contained few if any traces of her experiences in the West. As explained several years later, what really surprised her was that novels published by blacks always referenced themselves to the West, whereas she felt the need ‘to present our literature to others so that they see and understand us’:
23
Bobia, Rosa, and Cheryl Staunton. "Aminata Sow Fall and the Centre africain d'animation et d'échanges culturels in Senegal." Journal of Modern African Studies 29, no. 3 (September 1991): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x0000361x.
Full textAbstract:
Now recognised as the leading woman novelist of francophone Africa, Aminata Sow Fall first achieved literary attention with the publication of Le Revenant (Dakar, 1976). After a rather long stay in France, where she studied at the Sorbonne and became agrégée de letters, Sow Fall decided to distance herself from other African writters by ensuring that ‘The Ghost’ contained few if any traces of her experiences in the West. As explained several years later, what really surprised her was that novels published by blacks always referenced themselves to the West, whereas she felt the need ‘to present our literature to others so that they see and understand us’:
24
Rabinovitch-Fox, Einav. "Fabricating black modernity: Fashion and African American womanhood during the first great migration." International Journal of Fashion Studies 6, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 239–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/infs_00007_1.
Full textAbstract:
The early twentieth century was a time of great influx in America. Shifting demographics in the 1910s and 1920s, most notably the migration of thousands of African Americans from the rural South to the urban centres of the North, opened economic and leisure possibilities that provided new spaces to define black modernity and its role in shaping American identity. Debates over black women’s bodies, clothing, hair, and general appearance stood at the centre of public attention and political discourse over gender and race equality, forming a realm where African Americans could challenge white racist stereotypes regarding black femininity and beauty, as well as a means through which they could claim new freedoms and achieve economic mobility. Middle-class reformers, young black migrants, as well as new role models such as female performers and blues singers, all used dress and appearance to redefine notions of beauty, respectability and freedom on their own terms. For these women, fashions became intertwined with questions of racial progress and inclusion in American society, offering a way to lay claims for equal citizenship that moved beyond individual expressions and preferences. This article highlights the place of fashion as a critical political realm for African Americans, who were often barred from access to formal routes of power in the era of Jim Crow. Shifting the perspective beyond official forms of civil rights activism, it argues that fashion enabled black women to carve new positions of power from which they could actively participate in gender and racial politics, demanding their equal place in American society.
25
Lee, Sohye, Ruth Lindquist, Erica Schorr, Chih-Lin Chi, and Diane J. Treat-Jacobson. "Development, implementation and participant evaluation of combining text messaging and peer group support in a weight management programme for African-American women." Journal of Research in Nursing 25, no. 5 (June 15, 2020): 475–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744987120916509.
Full textAbstract:
Background Development of highly accessible interventions that are effective in reducing body weight, preventing weight gain, and maintaining weight loss is urgently needed to solve the current obesity epidemic, especially among African-American women. Aims The purpose of this paper is to describe the development, implementation, and participant evaluation processes of a combined text messaging and peer support group programme to enhance weight management skills among African-American women. Methods The programme’s conceptual framework and operational model were developed to enhance the research design and protocol to support the study rationale and to lay a solid theoretical base for programme implementation. The programme curriculum and schedule were established and embedded into the programme protocol. Results The 16-week text messaging and peer support group intervention was implemented from September 2014 to March 2015. In total, 2089 messages were sent using an online text messaging application. Eight support group sessions were held in the participant’s community centre or community church bi-weekly for approximately one hour. Conclusions This paper provides a blueprint of the methodological aspects and insights from participants’ evaluation of a combined weight management intervention that can be used or adapted by public health nurses and other community health professionals in their work to develop weight management skills among African-American women.
26
Cilliers, Antoinette M., Paul E. Adams, Hopewell Ntsinjana, and Udai Kala. "Review of children with Takayasu’s arteritis at a Southern African tertiary care centre." Cardiology in the Young 28, no. 9 (July 6, 2018): 1129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951118000938.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIntroductionTakayasu’s arteritis is a rare idiopathic arteritis causing stenosis or aneurysms of the aorta, pulmonary arteries, and their branches. It usually occurs in women, but has been described in children.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the clinical presentation, demographic profile, vascular involvement, origins, management, and outcome of children diagnosed with Takayasu’s arteritis at a Southern African tertiary care centre between 1993 and 2015.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of all children with Takayasu’s arteritis captured on a computerised electronic database during the study period.ResultsA total of 55 children were identified. The female:male ratio was 3.2:1, and the mean age was 9.7±3.04 years. Most originated outside the provincial borders of the study centre. The majority presented with hypertension and heart failure. In all, 37 (67%) patients had a cardiomyopathy with a mean fractional shortening of 15±5%. A positive purified protein derivative test was documented in 73%. Abdominal aorta and renal artery stenosis were the predominant angiographic lesions. A total of 23 patients underwent 30 percutaneous interventions of the aorta, pulmonary, and renal arteries: eight stents, 22 balloon angioplasties, and seven had nephrectomies. All patients received empiric tuberculosis treatment, immunosuppressive therapy, and anti-hypertensive agents as required. Overall, there was a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure and improvement in fractional shortening (p<0.05) with all treatments.ConclusionTakayasu’s arteritis is more common in girls and frequently manifests with hypertension and heart failure. The abdominal aorta and renal arteries are mostly affected. Immunosuppressive, anti-hypertensive, and vascular intervention therapies improve blood pressure control and cardiac function.
27
Spronk, Rachel, and S. N. Nyeck. "Frontiers and pioneers in (the study of) queer experiences in Africa Introduction." Africa 91, no. 3 (April 26, 2021): 388–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972021000231.
Full textAbstract:
This part issue of the journal Africa broadly explores the idea of frontiers and pioneers in the study of queer African lives. We envisage frontiers as exploring new openings in the study of sexuality by putting forward the practices and experiences of people across the African continent. We propose to study queerness as part of broader quotidian realities so as to further theorize the study of sexualities and queerness. We propose the term ‘pioneer’ for the interlocutors in our studies: (self-identifying) women, men and queerying persons who courageously explore contradictory paths in their various contexts. As such, we encourage an imaginative employment of queer as indicating a horizon of curiosity and imprecision. In making queerness not an object of study but rather a subject of its own theorization based on everyday experience, this special journal issue explicitly and deliberately asserts the vernacular and the mundane as a locus of knowledge. One implication is especially pertinent: knowledge on queerness cannot be prefabricated or preassembled in theoretical laboratories with the aim of merely applying it to an African context. By doing so, Africa functions – as it always has – only as a variable in the study of cultural difference, one that is different from, by implication, a Euro-American centre. ‘Or, as is happening too often, queer African voices and experiences will be absorbed as “data” or “evidence,” not as modes of theory or as challenges to the conceptual assumptions that drive queer studies’ (Macharia 2016: 185). Foregrounding the mundane rather than the urbane (as in ‘suave’, for which queer theory has a strong penchant), we are not trying to ‘define’ African queer sexualities; rather, we seek to provoke conversations about the terms and agencies of their expansion through the prism of frontiers and pioneers.
28
Jiagge, Evelyn, Joseph Kwaku Oppong, Jessica Bensenhaver, Francis Aitpillah, Kofi Gyan, Ishmael Kyei, Ernest Osei-Bonsu, et al. "Breast Cancer and African Ancestry: Lessons Learned at the 10-Year Anniversary of the Ghana-Michigan Research Partnership and International Breast Registry." Journal of Global Oncology 2, no. 5 (October 2016): 302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2015.002881.
Full textAbstract:
Women with African ancestry in western, sub-Saharan Africa and in the United States represent a population subset facing an increased risk of being diagnosed with biologically aggressive phenotypes of breast cancer that are negative for the estrogen receptor, the progesterone receptor, and the HER2/neu marker. These tumors are commonly referred to as triple-negative breast cancer. Disparities in breast cancer incidence and outcome related to racial or ethnic identity motivated the establishment of the International Breast Registry, on the basis of partnerships between the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and the Henry Ford Health System in Detroit, Michigan. This research collaborative has featured educational training programs as well as scientific investigations related to the comparative biology of breast cancer in Ghanaian African, African American, and white/European American patients. Currently, the International Breast Registry has expanded to include African American patients throughout the United States by partnering with the Sisters Network (a national African American breast cancer survivors’ organization) and additional sites in Ghana (representing West Africa) as well as Ethiopia (representing East Africa). Its activities are now coordinated through the Henry Ford Health System International Center for the Study of Breast Cancer Subtypes. Herein, we review the history and results of this international program at its 10-year anniversary.
29
Qhogwana, Sibulelo. "Negotiating the Maximum-Security Offender Identity: Experiences From Incarcerated Women." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 64, no. 6-7 (December 24, 2019): 691–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x19895974.
Full textAbstract:
The representation of women classified as maximum-security offenders continues to be a challenge due to paucity of research regarding their experiences. Generally, their stories are masked under the experiences of the other categories of incarcerated women. Drawing from a larger study conducted with incarcerated women in a South African correctional centre in Johannesburg, in this article I provide a thematic analysis of in-depth interviews on the lived experiences of negotiating the maximum-security offender identity by 13 women. The results suggest that the maximum-security offender identity is associated with rejection, dehumanisation, denial of agency, restricted movement, and labelling. The article also highlights the significance of providing agency to incarcerated women in deconstructing stereotypes that represent them as angry and uneducated with no value to society. A more balanced repositioning of their stories emerges as they get an opportunity to construct their own experiences.
30
Trinkaus, M. E., S. Sayed, S. Gakinya, W. Hanna, Z. Moloo, and Y. Rahim. "External quality assurance of breast cancer pathologic reporting in Kenya." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e11586-e11586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e11586.
Full textAbstract:
e11586 Background: Eighty percent of women diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) in East Africa present with advanced disease; current literature suggests a preponderance of triple negative/basal like breast cancer in this subset of African women. These studies are limited by their retrospective nature, small numbers, and unclear quality of pathologic specimen reporting. The objective of this study is to provide external quality assurance (EQA), quality control, and validation of hormone receptor and Her2 status of breast cancer specimens from Kenya. Methods: 108 retrospectively identified BC tumour blocks from the Aga Khan University Hospital (Nairobi, Kenya) during 2006–2008 will undergo repeat pathologic assessment for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Her2 status at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center (Toronto, Canada).Currently at the Aga Khan University Pathology Lab, ER,PR and Her2 testing is performed manually once every two weeks using Heat Induced Antigen Retrieval and Dako reagents including the ENVISION detection system. Parallel controls of known tissue reactivity are also run; however there is currently no formal EQA. Results: Results will be used to identify areas of improvement in specimen handling and pathology reporting. Conclusions: Standardized and accurate pathologic assessment of BC specimens in East Africa is essential for establishing centres of excellence in Kenya and the wider East African region for hormone receptor and Her2 neu analysis. Results would contribute to understanding the prevalence of triple negative disease in East Africa, lead to improved treatment recommendations and patient outcomes, and serve as a foundation for prospective studies in East Africa. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
31
Nzewi, Ogochukwu. "Gender and HIV/AIDS: Exploring Men and Vulnerability Towards Effective HIV/AIDS Policy Interventions and Sub-Saharan Africa." Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v1i1.24.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines the dynamics between HIV/Aids gender policy strategies and the socio-political demands on HIV/Aids interventions in sub-Saharan Africa. Gender in HIV/Aids intervention seems inescapable. Nowhere else is this more marked than in the social dimensions of HIV/Aids prevention in sub-Saharan Africa. This has resulted in prevention strategies, which are encumbered by the reality of poverty, gender, access, power and the various debates on behavioural change. The social constructions of gender roles and power relations play a significant role in the region’s HIV /Aids dynamic. To this end, the mainstreaming of gender issues into national political, social and economic agenda and policies has been championed by international development and economic institutions. In developing HIV/Aids intervention policies, gender has also been mainstreamed, especially where epidemiological data show the disparity in infection rates between men and women, where women are seen as more susceptible to infection. The gendered approach to HIV/Aids appears to typecast women as the vulnerable and suffering face of HIV/Aids, while men, as ‘the other’, are generally regarded as the perpetuators and spreaders of the virus. While there is no doubt that women’s vulnerability in this milieu has been proven within known research evidence to exist, the neglect of institutional (social, cultural and economic) and historical vulnerabilities of African men’s realities are sometimes overlooked. Recently, greater focus has shifted to curbing infection rates in men based on new scientific evidence that shows that risk of transmission in circumcised men is reduced. The article argues that such movement towards showing areas of men’s vulnerability as a focus in HIV/Aids policy interventions may have the potential to shift the observed burden that current HIV/Aids policy thrusts inadvertently place on African women. The article will put forward an argument for ‘the vulnerable other’ in HIV/Aids policy intervention, suggesting a new continental policy strategy that sees men going from peripheral footnotes to the centre of HIV/Aids policy and intervention programmes.<br /><br />
32
Wekeza, Siphelele, and Melusi Sibanda. "Factors Influencing Consumer Purchase Intentions of Organically Grown Products in Shelly Centre, Port Shepstone, South Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6 (March 17, 2019): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060956.
Full textAbstract:
In the last few years, the market of organically grown products (OGPs) has continued to grow due to speculated concerns for the environment, food safety and health issues. The market for OGPs in South Africa appears to be under threat; with their demand outstripping their supply. In light of this background, there are relatively few studies on the consumer purchase intentions of OGPs in South Africa, and thus, less understanding about its demand market drivers. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors influencing the purchase intentions of OGPs (fruits and vegetables) in Shelly Centre in Port Shepstone in Kwa-Zulu Natal Province of South Africa. Using a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional research design, a hundred and fifty (150) OGP consumers were selected through a systematic random sampling technique from three accredited OGP retail outlets namely Pick n’ Pay, Spar and Woolworths. Generally, descriptive results show that the interviewed consumers in Shelly Centre were reasonably educated and knowledgeable about OGPs. A higher proportion of the interviewed consumers in Shelly Centre consisted of women, employed and not of African descendant (ethnic group) consumers. Most were confident that OGPs are environmentally friendly, safe, high-quality products, and have a better taste compared to conventionally grown food products. A somewhat fair proportion expressed mixed feelings concerning the belief that OGPs are priced higher, their appeal to nature (smell), and their willingness to purchase OGPs regardless of price. Nonetheless, most were adamant that OGPs are difficult to find on the market. A multiple regression model analysis results reveal that consumer demographics; ethnicity (not of African descent) (p < 0.001), and monthly household income (p < 0.05) are statistically significant and positively influence the consumer purchase intentions of OGPs in Shelly Centre. Conversely, consumer perceptions that OGPs are priced higher (p < 0.05), have a better taste and of quality (p < 0.001), and the difficulty to find on the market (p < 0.001) are statistically significant and negatively influence the consumer purchase intentions of OGPs in Shelly Centre. The findings of this paper stress the need to design strategies and elements (marketing mix) to make OGPs affordable and readily available to consumers. Likewise, consumers from all ethnic groups and income levels need to be conscious of the environmental and health benefits of OGPs to make informed purchase decisions. To promote the purchase of OGPs; from a policy perspective, the government can offer support such as a consumer price subsidy to make OGPs affordable, and the provision of effective regulations and certification around the marketing of OGPs.
33
Tembo, Charles, Allan T. Maganga, and Aphios Nenduva. "MUSICIAN AS CULTURE HERO: EXPLORING MALE-FEMALE RELATIONS IN PACHIHERA’S AND SIMON CHIMBETU’S SELECTED SONGS." Commonwealth Youth and Development 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1727-7140/1152.
Full textAbstract:
This article is a comparative exposition of positive male-female relations in lyrical compositions of selected Zimbabwean singers. Particular attention is on one female voice, Pah Chihera and a male voice, Simon Chimbetu. The argument avowed in this article is that the selected musicians are sober in their appreciation of gender relations in African ontological existence. It further argues that, unlike feminists who view male-female relations as antagonistic, the two musicians celebrate cordial and mutual cohesion, which is part of Shona or African heritage. Against that background, the musicians are regarded as ‘culture heroes’ who connect Shona and other peoples of Africa with their rich and life-furthering heritage. We therefore advance the view that the selected artists’ social vision reflects women who are family centred and in concert with males in struggle, which is to provide a platform for promoting solidarity rather than schism. Critical appreciation of the music renditions of the selected musicians is guided by and oriented towards the Africana womanist paradigm.
34
Crosby, Richard, Elizabeth A. Bonney, and Lydia Odenat. "Correlates of perceived difficulty in potentially disclosing HIV-positive test results: a study of low-income women attending an urban clinic." Sexual Health 2, no. 2 (2005): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh04044.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The study identified correlates of women’s perception that testing positive for HIV would be very difficult to communicate to friends, family members and sex partners. We also determined whether perceived disclosure difficulty was associated with HIV-testing intent. Methods: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 143 women attending an urgent care centre in Atlanta, Georgia. The centre served primarily low-income or indigent African–American women. A three-item scale (α = 0.81) assessed disclosure difficulty. Assessed correlates included selected social/contextual factors and intrapersonal factors. Results: In controlled multivariate analyses, only the social/contextual factors were associated with HIV disclosure difficulty. Women perceiving an inability to cope with positive results were more likely to report high disclosure difficulty (P = 0.01). Women perceiving an inadequate support system and those believing that HIV would substantially complicate their lives were more likely to anticipate high disclosure difficulty (P = 0.006 and P = 0.03, respectively). Disclosure difficulty was not associated with intent for HIV-testing ‘today’ (P = 0.50) or within the next 12 months (P = 0.27). Conclusion: Findings provide initial evidence suggesting that selected social/contextual factors rather than intrapersonal factors are associated with anticipated disclosure difficulty of HIV-positive test results among low-income minority women, residing in the urban south. High levels of anticipated disclosure difficulty may not preclude HIV test acceptance.
35
Omaira, M., M. Mozayen, R. Mushtaq, and K. Katato. "Ethnic disparity of treatment initiation in women diagnosed with breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2011): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.27_suppl.189.
Full textAbstract:
189 Background: Despite the major advances in early detection and treatment of breast cancer (BC), African American women, continued to have a higher mortality rates than Caucasians. Many studies have failed to identify a key factor to explain racial disparities in breast cancer outcome. These disparities persist even after controlling for insurance and socioeconomic settings. Data about delays in treatment initiation are limited and inconclusive. We intend to compare the time from diagnosis to the initiation of treatment between African American and Caucasian women diagnosed with BC in a single community-based cancer registry. Methods: Women aged 18 to 64 years with breast cancer were identified, between 1993 and 2009, using data from the Tumor Registry at Hurley Medical Center in Flint, Michigan. Patient’s characteristics obtained include age at diagnosis, race, stage, date of diagnosis, and date of treatment initiation. All patients were previously insured or became insured after diagnosis. Time from diagnosis to the initiation of treatment was calculated in days and compared between African American and Caucasian women using t-test. Results: A total of 1016 patients have been identified with diagnosis of BC. 23 patients were excluded due to missing data. 993 patients were analyzed. African Americans were 355 (36%), Caucasians 617 (62%), and other ethnicities 21 (2%). Mean age at diagnosis was (48.9) for African Americans versus (51.45) for Caucasians (p = 0.005). African American women were more likely to present with advanced stage (III, IV) than Caucasians (18% versus 12%, p = 0.009). African American women had significant delay in the treatment initiation of BC compared to Caucasians (31.11 versus 21.52 days, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: African American women were diagnosed with breast cancer at younger age and more advanced disease than Caucasians. African American women experienced significant delay in the initiation of therapy after diagnosis compared to Caucasians. However, the impact of an average delay of 10 days in treatment on overall survival is unknown. The exact explanation of this disparity is yet to be determined.
36
Abdulmelik, Nebila, and Tsion Belay. "Advancing Women’s Political Rights in Africa: The Promise and Potential of ACDEG." Africa Spectrum 54, no. 2 (August 2019): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002039719881321.
Full textAbstract:
This paper places women at the centre of analysis, examining the potential and promise of the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (ACDEG) in the advancement of women’s political rights. This is a highly under-researched topic, necessitating a mapping of the current political landscape for women and an understanding of how ACDEG addresses these challenges as well as provides opportunities for advancing women’s political participation. This paper argues that ACDEG provides a good basis and framework to operate from for member states – some of whom already have suitable policies, and more importantly suitable practices, in place that emerge from a range of normative frameworks, including the Maputo Protocol. ACDEG complements these frameworks and makes a further case for women’s full and meaningful participation in public and private life by obligating states to take concrete steps to guarantee women’s political rights. Considering this, the paper identifies prospects for women’s rights activists and organisations to invoke ACDEG and monitor its implementation in the move towards the realisation of African women’s political rights.
37
Gillman, Laura. "Anancyism and the Dialectics of an Africana Feminist Ethnophilosophy: Sandra Jackson‐Opoku's The River Where Blood Is Born." Hypatia 29, no. 1 (2014): 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12054.
Full textAbstract:
Although intersectionality has been widely disseminated across the disciplines as a tool to center women of color's developed perspectives on social reality, it has been notably absent in the scholarship of feminist philosophy and philosophy of race. I first examine the causes and processes of the exclusions of women of color feminist thought more generally, and of intersectionality in particular. Then, focusing attention on Black feminisms, I read Sandra Jackson‐Opoku's 1997 novel, The River Where Blood Is Born, with and against Paget Henry's Africana ethnophilosophy. I model an interdisciplinary, intersectional approach to Henry's ethnophilosophy, broadening its philosophical scope by historicizing the liminality that characterizes the realities of many diasporic Black women. I also develop an interpretation of the female protagonists to suggest how many Black women within different historical contexts develop practices to recover African symbolic and discursive registers as a means to claim their subjectivities. Additionally, I challenge Henry's teleological explanation for an increasingly secular Africana philosophical identity.
38
Byrne, Deirdre. "NEW MYTHS, NEW SCRIPTS: REVISIONIST MYTHOPOESIS IN CONTEMPORARY SOUTH AFRICAN WOMEN’S POETRY." Gender Questions 2, no. 1 (September 21, 2016): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-8457/1564.
Full textAbstract:
Considerable theoretical and critical work has been done on the way British and American women poets re-vision (Rich 1976) male-centred myth. Some South African women poets have also used similar strategies. My article identifies a gap in the academy’s reading of a significant, but somewhat neglected, body of poetry and begins to address this lack of scholarship. I argue that South African women poets use their art to re-vision some of the central constructs of patriarchal mythology, including the association of women with the body and the irrational, and men with the mind and logic. These poems function on two levels: They demonstrate that the constructs they subvert are artificial; and they create new and empowering narratives for women in order to contribute to the reimagining of gender relations.
39
Bhumi, Manoj Aravind, and Sunil Pal Singh Chajhlana. "Knowledge of obstetric danger signs among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at rural health training centre of a medical college in Hyderabad." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 6 (May 22, 2018): 2471. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182179.
Full textAbstract:
Background: One of the major causes for the death of women is due to maternal mortality. Around 529,000 women die annually from maternal causes (World Health Organization (WHO) estimate) Majority of these deaths occur in the less developed countries. An Indian woman dies from complication related to pregnancy and child birth for every 7 minutes. For every woman who dies =30 more women suffer injuries, infection and disability. In Sub-Saharan Africa, where one of every 16 women dies of pregnancy related causes during her lifetime, compared with only 1 in 2,800 women in developed regions. Raising awareness of women about obstetric danger signs would improve early detection of problems and helps in seeking timely obstetric care.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among pregnant women who attended antenatal clinics between May 2014–August 2014 at field practice areas of RHTC, KAMSRC. A total 274 pregnant women had given consent and participated in the study. Data was collected by interview in local language and a predesigned and pretested questionnaire was used which include socio demographic profile, parity, ANC visits, gravid, knowledge regarding danger signs during pregnancy, post-partum period. Socio-economic status was assessed according to Modified Kuppuswamy’s classification (as per June 2015 CPI).Results: About 35.7%, pregnant women have good awareness 21.2%, average and 43% have poor knowledge about danger signs of pregnancy. Pregnant women in the age group of >30 years, educational status and occupational status of pregnant women and their husbands and pregnant mothers who had regular antenatal check-ups had significant associations with the awareness of obstetric danger.Conclusions: Our study concludes that there is need of creating awareness and increasing the knowledge of women about obstetric danger signs.
40
Assoumane, Ibrahim, Mahdia Touati, Harissou Adamou, Nadia Lagha, Ibrahim Baaré, Samuila Sanoussi, Abderahmanne Sidi Said, and Abdelhalim Morsli. "Management of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Experience of a North African Center." Indian Journal of Neurosurgery 9, no. 02 (June 15, 2020): 085–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1710107.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background The idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is characterized by elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) in the absence of intracerebral space occupation or venous sinus thrombosis. It usually occurs in obese young women but is very rare in childhood. Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective study in the neurosurgical department of Bab El Oued teaching hospital of Algiers over a period of 8 years from January 2008 to December 2015. We analyzed clinical data of 10 patients with IIH diagnosis, and the surgical technique consisted of an insertion of a lumbo-peritoneal shunt. Results In our study, 80% were women with sex ratio M/F of 0.25; the mean age was 32 years and 60% of our patients were obese. For most of our patients, the postoperative outcome was marked by the disappearance of the headache immediately, disappearance of strabismus and diplopia in the following week, followed by improvement of visual function. Conclusion The IIH is predominantly a disease of women in the childbearing age; surgical treatment is a good option for patients who resisted medication or did not tolerate it as well as for ICH fulminous in emergency cases.
41
Semu, Linda L. "The Intersectionality of Race and Trajectories of African Women into the Nursing Career in the United States." Behavioral Sciences 10, no. 4 (March 25, 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs10040069.
Full textAbstract:
This paper uses narratives of Malawian-born registered nurses working in the United States to capture pathways through which African women are entering the nursing profession. The paper highlights how race, immigrant status and language acts as potential sources of discrimination within the nursing profession. The paper utilizes intersectionality as a feminist framework that places black women’s experiences at the center of analysis to capture the multidimensionality of their experiences. The qualitative study highlights the multiple pathways through which African immigrant women enter the nursing profession and how being African, immigrant female nurses predisposes them to discrimination in their interactions with employment institutions and patients. Focusing on African women’s experiences as recent immigrants enriches the global migration narrative and helps contextualize the intersectionality of race, gender and discrimination within particular contexts.
42
Carneiro, Raquel M., Linda Prebehalla, Mary Beth Tedesco, Susan M. Sereika, Caren M. Gundberg, Andrew F. Stewart, and Mara J. Horwitz. "Evaluation of Markers of Bone Turnover During Lactation in African-Americans: A Comparison With Caucasian Lactation." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 98, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 523–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-2118.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Context: The African-American skeleton is resistant to PTH; whether it is also resistant to PTHrP and the hormonal milieu of lactation is unknown. Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess bone turnover markers in African-Americans during lactation vs Caucasians. Design and Participants: A prospective cohort study with repeated measures of markers of bone turnover in 60 African-American women (3 groups of 20: lactating, bottle feeding, and healthy controls), compared with historic Caucasian women. Setting: The study was conducted at a university medical center. Outcome Measures: Biochemical markers of bone turnover and calcium metabolism were measured. Results: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and PTH were similar among all 3 African-American groups, but 25-OHD was 30%–50% lower and PTH 2-fold higher compared with Caucasians (P < .001, P < .002), with similar 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] values. Formation markers [amino-terminal telopeptide of procollagen-1 (P1NP) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP)] increased significantly (2- to 3-fold) in lactating and bottle-feeding African-American women (P1NP, P < .001; BSAP, P < .001), as did resorption [carboxy-terminal telopeptide of collagen-1 (CTX) and serum amino-terminal telopeptide of collagen 1 (NTX), both P < .001]. P1NP and BSAP were comparable in African-American and Caucasian controls, but CTX and NTX were lower in African-American vs Caucasian controls. African-American lactating mothers displayed quantitatively similar increases in markers of bone formation but slightly lower increases in markers of resorption vs Caucasians (P = .036). Conclusions: Despite reported resistance to PTH, lactating African-American women have a significant increase in markers of bone resorption and formation in response the hormonal milieu of lactation. This response is similar to that reported in Caucasian women despite racial differences in 25-OHD and PTH. Whether this is associated with similar bone loss in African-Americans as in Caucasians during lactation is unknown and requires further study.
43
Rapmund, Val, and Cora Moore. "Women's Stories of Depression: A Constructivist Approach." South African Journal of Psychology 30, no. 2 (June 2000): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124630003000203.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to allow depressed women to tell their stories about depression. The epistemological framework was that of constructivism. The study involved a series of in-depth interviews with three depressed women with young children. Their stories provide an alternative reality to the traditional way of viewing depression. The major themes that emerged from the participants' stories seemed to be linked to the way in which they found themselves being pulled in opposite directions, ending up in a ‘no-win situation’, with the ‘stuckness’ maintaining the depression. The recurring themes centre around: Divided loyalties; failure to meet expectations; control; competence versus incompetence; love and rejection experienced by the ‘special child’; rootedness versus alienation; confrontation versus avoidance of issues and problems and; the role of support. The themes identified in this study may be helpful to those who work with depressed women in both a Western and African context.
44
Saadat, Nadia, Todd A. Lydic, Dawn P. Misra, Rhonda Dailey, Deborah S. Walker, and Carmen Giurgescu. "Lipidome Profiles Are Related to Depressive Symptoms and Preterm Birth Among African American Women." Biological Research For Nursing 22, no. 3 (May 8, 2020): 354–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800420923032.
Full textAbstract:
African American women have the highest rate of preterm birth (PTB; <37 completed weeks’ gestation) of any racial and ethnic group in the United States (14.1%). Depressive symptoms (DS) have been linked to PTB risk of African American women. We hypothesized that maternal lipidomic profiles are related to prenatal DS and gestational age at birth among African American women. Women were enrolled at 9–25 weeks’ gestation, completed questionnaires, and provided plasma samples. Lipidomic profiles were determined by “shotgun” Orbitrap high-resolution/accurate mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed using SIMCA P+ software. There was a clear separation in the orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis score plot between women with Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) scores ≥23 and women with CES-D scores ≤22. Similarly, a clear separation was observed in the model between PTB and full-term birth. Corresponding S-plot, loading plot, and variable importance in projection plot/list were used to identify the lipids responsible for the groupings. Higher levels of specific triglyceride (TG) species and lower levels of specific phosphatidylcholines (PCs) PC(37:1), PC(41:6), and PC(39:3) were associated with PTB. PC PC(37:1) levels were also lower among women with CES-D scores ≥23, pointing toward a possible connection between DS and PTB. Although overweight pregnant women showed higher levels of TGs, the PTB model showed specific TGs unique to PTB. Lipidomic profiles in pregnant African American women are related to DS, and our data suggest a role for specific TGs and PCs in PTB.
45
Bravaccini, Sara, Elisa Chiadini, Maurizio Puccetti, Patrizia Serra, Nestory Andrew Masalu, Maria Maddalena Tumedei, Claudia Rengucci, et al. "Exploratory study of histopathological characteristics of cervical cancer in an African (Tanzania) population." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e16530-e16530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e16530.
Full textAbstract:
e16530 Background: In Tanzania, cervical cancer is the leading cause of death after breast cancer, with the majority of tumors diagnosed at a very advanced stage. Little information is available on the characteristics of cervical cancer in Sub-Saharan African women. We aimed to evaluate histopathological features of cervical cancers and relative margins in a group of African women and to characterize HPV infection. Methods: Tissue samples from32 Tanzanian women with invasive cervical cancer were evaluated in the Biosciences Laboratory of our Institute (IRCCS IRST, Meldola, Italy) as part of a global cancer control project currently ongoing in close cooperation with the Bugando Medical Center of Mwanza, Tanzania. Results: 24/32 (75%) women had squamous carcinoma and 4/32 (12.5%) had adenocarcinoma of the cervix. The HPV test was performed in the entire series but DNA amplification by pyrosequencing was only possible in 27/32 (84.4%). The presence of HPV infection was confirmed in 26/27 (96.3%) cases in both tumor and relative margins. Typization of the virus revealed that a high percentage of the women had HPV 16 virus of whom 12 (46.2 %) had African type 1 and 4 (15.4%) African type 2. Conclusions: A major problem in the cancer tissue samples from the Tanzanian patients was the poor evaluability of DNA amplification due to suboptimal fixation which compromised tissue morphology. Our preliminary study shows that cervical cancer in Tanzanian women is characterized by a very high frequency of HPV-positive tumors, with a high prevalence of HPV 16 African type 1 and 2 infections. The substantial number of HPV infections could explain the high rate of cervical cancer and subsequent mortality in this African population. [Table: see text]
46
Moodley, Shun Devan, Alicia McMaster, and Rashem Mothilal. "Taxpas: Epidemiological and Survival Data in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with a Docetaxel-Based Chemotherapy Regimen in South Africa." Journal of Cancer Research 2013 (December 11, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/308236.
Full textAbstract:
Breast cancer is the leading cancer among South African women. There is limited South African epidemiological data on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Taxpas was a nonrandomized observational survey conducted in multiple centres in South Africa from April 2004 to December 2010. 1632 female patients diagnosed with breast cancer, with a median age of 51 years, were enrolled in the survey. Patients were treated on a docetaxel-based chemotherapy regimen. The objective of the study was to assess epidemiological data and survival data. The incidence of TNBC was 14%. The one-year survival rate for the total cohort was 84%. The one-year survival rate for patients with early stage and metastatic breast cancer was recorded as 94% and 65%, respectively. Patients with TNBC stage III (all ages) and stage IV (≤50 years) had statistically significant worse 1-year survival rate compared to N-TNBC patients of the same age and stages. Conclusion. The incidence of TNBC in South Africa which is 14% is comparable to global incidence. The 1-year survival data for certain subgroups supports the literature saying that TNBC carries a worse prognosis compared to N-TNBC. Women ≤50 years diagnosed with late stage TNBC carried the worst prognosis in this survey.
47
Opatt, D. M., M. Morrow, and M. Daly. "The incidence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants of unknown significance varies in different ethnic populations." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 10002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.10002.
Full textAbstract:
10002 Background: BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in the general population are rare. Women with these mutations have a significantly increased risk of invasive breast and ovarian cancer (65–85% and 15–65% cumulative lifetime risk, respectively). Variants of unknown significance (VUS), which are of uncertain clinical importance, account for up to 50% of all identified BRCA1 and BRCA2 sequence alterations1. Methods: Pooled data from all patients presenting to Fox Chase Cancer Center for genetic counseling was examined. Patients underwent genetic testing after detailed genetic counseling. Clinical data, including gender, ethnic background, and personal history of cancer, and total number of patients tested were collected. Results: A total of 1,765 women and 236 men underwent genetic testing. The distribution of ethnicity was: <1% Asian, 2.7% African American, <1% Hispanic, 2.4% other or of more than one ethnicity, 83% White, and 11% unknown. Mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 were seen in 13% of the women and 2.7% of the men. VUS were seen in 6.2% of the women and .15% of the men. Of the women positive for a VUS, 2.4% were Asian, 18.1% were African American, 5.5% were Hispanic, 4.7% were more than one ethnicity, 66.9% were White, and 2.4% were Unknown ethnicity. Only .15% of the men tested were positive for a VUS, all of whom were White. Of the 51 African American women tested, 45.1% were positive for a VUS while only 5.5% of the 1,503 White women tested were positive (p<0.0001). Of the females testing positive for a VUS, a personal history of breast cancer was seen in 66.7% of Asians, 78.3% of African Americans, 100% of Hispanics, 83.3% of those more than one race, 61% of Whites, and none of the people of unknown ethnic origin. One of three men testing positive for a VUS reported a history of breast cancer. Conclusions: Identification of VUS occurred disproportionately in African Americans, occurring ten times more often in African American women than White women in our study. Studies to improve classification of VUS as deleterious or neutral are needed to enhance the utility of genetic testing for women at risk, particularly those of African American ethnicity. 1Goldman, DE et al. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 2004. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
48
Fontes Marx, Mayara, Marion Heap, Margaret W. Gichane, and Leslie London. "Validity and reliability of maternal recall of pregnancy history and service use among signing Deaf women: a cross-sectional descriptive study from South Africa." BMJ Open 8, no. 12 (December 2018): e023896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023896.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionThere is little credible quantitative data on pregnancy histories and outcomes for disabled women in low-income and middle-income countries. The purpose of this study, based in Cape Town, South Africa, was to test the reliability and validity of maternal recall of pregnancy history and service use among a sample of Deaf women who use South African Sign Language (SASL).MethodsWe interviewed 42 signing Deaf women of childbearing age (18–49 years) in SASL using a structured questionnaire in July 2016. To assess reliability, seven participants (16% of the sample) were reinterviewed by different interviewers under the same conditions after 10–30 min. For the analysis we used (1) Cohen’s kappa, an inter-rater statistical method, and (2) overall percentage agreement. Validity was explored by comparing the participants’ pregnancy history to the Western Cape Provincial Health Data Centre (PHDC) database.ResultsThe reliability results showed that out of 19 questions 14 demonstrated substantial to perfect agreement kappa scores (kappa between 0.61 and 1) and 5 had the lowest kappa agreement scores (kappa <0.61). With respect to percentage agreement, participants provided identical responses in 87% cases. Overall, women provided more reliable responses to pregnancy outcomes compared with demographic information. Validity results showed that 29 out of 35 Deaf women provided survey responses that matched or nearly matched (83% agreement) the PHDC database for birth history and delivery location.ConclusionThis study suggests that for this sample of signing Deaf women recall of pregnancy history and service use is reliable and valid. Extending this approach to other similar populations will require further research, but it is important that methods to access hard-to-reach disabled populations are developed so that health system responsiveness to marginal populations can be based on robust evidence.
49
Apalata, Teke, Sandisiwe Nojaholo, Ikanyeng D. Seipone, and Ntombizodumo Nxasana. "Characterizations of Bacterial Vaginosis among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Women in Rural Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." International Journal of Microbiology 2021 (July 21, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9913878.
Full textAbstract:
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is extremely common among the African population and is associated with the transmission and acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of BV among HIV-infected and -uninfected women in rural Eastern Cape province of South Africa. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2017 and March 2018 on women aged 18 years and above (n = 100), attending Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital and Ngangelizwe Community Health Centre with signs and symptoms suggestive of vaginal infection. High vaginal swabs were collected, and BV was diagnosed using Nugent’s score. The prevalence rate of BV was 70% irrespective of HIV status. Of the 61 HIV-infected patients, 49 (80.3%) and 12 (19.7%) were BV positive and BV negative, respectively; whilst of the 39 HIV-uninfected women, 21 (53.8%) and 18 (46.2%) were BV positive and BV negative, respectively (OR = 3.5; CI: 1.4–8.5; p = 0.005 ). Women aged above 35 years were highly likely to develop BV ( p = 0.049 ). The presence of Mobiluncus species (>25 per high microscopic field) was significantly associated with BV among HIV-infected patients ( p = 0.030 ). A recent history of antibiotic use (≤3 months) was significantly associated with BV among HIV-negative patients ( p = 0.044 ). This study shows that BV is more prevalent among HIV-positive women than their HIV-negative counterparts, and its occurrence is higher among those aged above 35 years. The predominance of Mobiluncus species in the vagina microbiota of HIV-infected women might play a significant role in the development of BV. These findings suggest that the treatment of BV could restore normal flora and reduce susceptibility to and transmission of HIV.
50
Cooper, Denise C., Ranak B. Trivedi, Karin M. Nelson, Gayle E. Reiber, Alan B. Zonderman, Michele K. Evans, and Shari R. Waldstein. "Sex Differences in Associations of Depressive Symptoms with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome among African Americans." Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology 2013 (September 16, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/979185.
Full textAbstract:
Young to middle-aged women usually have notably lower rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than their male counterparts, but African American women lack this advantage. Their elevated CVD may be influenced by sex differences in associations between depressed mood and CVD risk factors. This cross-sectional study examined whether relations between scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale and a spectrum of CVD risk factors varied by sex among African Americans (n=1076; ages 30–64) from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study. Sex-stratified multiple regressions and logistic regressions were conducted. Among women, CES-D scores correlated positively with systolic blood pressure and waist-to-hip ratio (P's<.05), but inversely with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P<.01). Women had twice the odds for metabolic syndrome if CES-D scores ≥16 and had a ≥14% increase in odds of hypertension, abdominal obesity, and low HDL-C with each 5-unit increase in CES-D scores. Among men, CES-D scores correlated positively with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P<.05), and odds of hypertension increased by 21% with each 5-unit increase in CES-D scores. Depressive symptoms may promote premature CVD risk in African Americans, at least in part, via CVD risk factors and prevalent metabolic syndrome, particularly in African American women.