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Journal articles on the topic 'African Children's Charter'
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1
Budoo, Ashwanee. "Association Pour le Progrès et la Défense Des Droits Des Femmes Maliennes (APDF) and the Institute for Human Rights and Development in Africa (IHRDA) v. Republic of Mali (Afr. Ct. H.P.R.)." International Legal Materials 57, no. 6 (December 2018): 1097–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ilm.2018.51.
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On May 11, 2018, the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights (African Court) delivered a judgment against Mali concerning its Persons and Family Code (Family Code). This case is groundbreaking because it is the first time that the African Court has found violations of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol) and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (African Children's Charter).
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Kaime, Thoko. "The Foundations of Rights in the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child: A Historical and Philosophical Account." African Journal of Legal Studies 3, no. 1 (2009): 120–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221097312x13397499737029.
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AbstractThis article examines the cultural-based critiques of the international human rights paradigm generally and children's rights in particular, with specific reference to Africa. In this regard, the paper attempts to identify gaps in the analyses of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. Towards that end, the paper proceeds in three parts. In the first section, it situates the discussion within the general framework of children's rights at international law. In the next section, it turns to an examination of the culture-based critiques of the idea of universal rights. Finally, in the fourth and fifth sections, it analyses the documents and literature that focus on the rights and welfare of the child. In the concluding section, the author raises several important questions regarding the propriety of this special category of human rights in the African context.
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Sloth-Nielsen, J., and BD Mezmur. "A Dutiful Child: The Implications of Article 31 of the African Children's Charter." Journal of African Law 52, no. 2 (September 18, 2008): 159–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855308000089.
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AbstractEach right has a corresponding duty. The African Children's Charter, under article 31, imposes a range of duties on children. Understandably, it could become contentious when an instrument on the rights and welfare of children expressly imposes duties on them. After setting the platform for discussion by highlighting international experiences and outlining the African concept of human rights, this article critically examines and attempts to clarify the precise meaning, content, conditions of compliance and application of those duties for children. By way of conclusion, it suggests that article 31 represents a valuable addition to the international human rights agenda, and that a purposeful interpretation of its constituent parts reveals that children should be required to play a role at family, community, national and continental levels, in accordance with their age and maturity as they grow up, as part and parcel of their heritage, empowerment and developing citizenship.
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Adeola, Romola, and Benyam D. Mezmur. "The Protection of Internally Displaced Children in Africa: A Doctrinal Analysis of Article 23(4) of the African Children's Charter." Journal of African Law 65, S1 (March 17, 2021): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185532100005x.
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AbstractThis article considers the protection of, and assistance for, internally displaced children (IDCs) in Africa. Internal displacement has become one of Africa's most pressing human rights challenges. Over the last decade, millions of persons have been internally displaced on the continent by conflict, disaster and other causes. Children are one of the most affected categories of persons, given the implications of displacement for them. Article 23(4) of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child incorporates specific protection for IDCs. This article examines the protection of IDCs in the context of this regional framework. It argues that, while article 23(4) requires that both refugee children and IDCs should be accorded the same protection from a rights-based perspective, it also requires that the protection of IDCs should be construed with reference to the Kampala Convention, which is the most recent applicable regional regime governing internal displacement.
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Mezmur, Benyam Dawit. "Taking measures without taking measurements? An insider's reflections on monitoring the implementation of the African Children's Charter in a changing context of armed conflict." International Review of the Red Cross 101, no. 911 (August 2019): 623–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383120000041.
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AbstractThe efforts to create a world fit for children, including for those affected by armed conflict, remain a work in progress. Increasingly, regional organizations, prime among them the African Union and its organs, are being asked to play a more meaningful role in pushing for the realization of the rights and protections of children in armed conflict. This piece explores trends and developments in respect of children and armed conflict in Africa, and offers few ideas on how the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, which holds significant promise, can continue to rise to this challenge.
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Detrick, Sharon. "Update on the First Regional Children's Rights Treaty: The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child." International Journal of Children's Rights 3, no. 3-4 (1995): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181895x00285.
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Syroyid, Tetyana. "Women’s right to health – modern challenges: international legal aspect." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 4 (December 29, 2020): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-4-74-81.
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The article contains a detailed analysis of international legal acts regulating women's right to health; the focus is on problematic aspects that need to be addressed, including: violence, HIV / AIDS, protection during a pandemic of COVID-19. The article highlights the provisions of the following universal and regional acts of a general nature: the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women (1993), Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (2011), Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (2003). The article also covers proceedings of international intergovernmental forums, strategic documents, reports of the UN Secretary-General focusing on the general protection of women's rights and, in particular, the right to health, including the Vienna Declaration and Program of Action (1993), the Beijing Declaration (1995), Global Strategy for Women's and Children's Health (2010), Global Strategy for Women's, Children's and Adolescent's Health (2016-2030), Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (2020), Report of the Secretary-General UN "Shared Responsibility, Global Solidarity: Responding to the Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19" (2020) etc. The emphasis is placed on the importance of general and special recommendations developed by international treaty monitoring bodies - the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in the field of women's health, which oblige states to comply with, protect and enforce rights in this area. In order to improve the situation in the field of protection of women's rights, the appropriate conclusions and recommendations on the im-plementation of the provisions of these acts into national state legislation have been made.
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Stewart, Linda. "Resource constraints and a child's right to legal representation in civil matters at state expense in South Africa." International Journal of Children's Rights 19, no. 2 (2011): 295–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181811x547290.
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AbstractSection 28(1)(h) of the South African Constitution bestows the right on every child to have a legal practitioner assigned to the child by the state, and at state expense, in civil proceedings affecting the child, if substantial injustice would otherwise result. Section 28(1)(h) places a positive duty on the state and the practical implementation of this right is dependent on the state's available resources. is paper enquires whether the criteria laid down by the South African Legal Aid Board may limit the realisation of s 28(1)(h) and if so, to what extent. It includes the question whether it is constitutionally permissible for the state to deny legal representation to children on the exclusive grounds of resource constraints. I commence by examining similar but not exact provisions in the Convention of the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC) to establish whether there are provisions that may inform the extent of the positive duty on the state to provide legal representation at state expense to children. is will be followed by a discussion on the nature and extent of s 28(1)(h) of the Constitution. I then turn to the relevant sections in the Children's Act pertaining to this right and especially s 55 which makes provision that the Legal Aid Board is the appropriate functionary of the state to deal with the realisation of s 28(1)(h). I finally enquire whether the criteria laid down in the Legal Aid Guidelines, 2009 (which include the argument of resource constraints) may justifiably limit this right.
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Nyarko, Michael Gyan, and Henrietta Markfre Ekefre. "Recent Advances in Children’s Rights in the African Human Rights System." Law & Practice of International Courts and Tribunals 15, no. 2 (September 22, 2016): 385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718034-12341327.
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This case note reviews recent developments in the protection of children’s rights in Africa through the individual communications mandate of the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (the Committee). It examines the recent decision of the Committee concerning the Talibés of Senegal. It argues that whilst the Committee took a commendable progressive approach in the interpretation of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, its decision lacked a gender sensitive approach which it must address in future communications.
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Sloth-Nielsen, Julia, and Helen Kruuse. "A maturing manifesto: The constitutionalisation of children’s rights in South African jurisprudence 2007-2012." International Journal of Children’s Rights 21, no. 4 (2013): 646–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02102005.
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This article represents the next in a series of five-year overviews of children’s rights in the courts in South Africa. Using the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on the Welfare of Children as a point of departure, the study suggests that it is in the public sphere that children’s rights have had their most impact in the period under review. The article highlights eight areas of distinction in this five-year period: these include judicial approval of resource mobilisation for the fulfilment of children’s rights, emphasis on the quality of and standards in education; the development of innovative remedies to deal with unreasonable state measures affecting children, and an increasing focus on the right to dignity of the child. The authors conclude that the scope of the cases cited points to the growing insertion of children’s rights considerations in increasingly diverse areas of legal interaction. Furthermore, the authors posit that the CRC and ACRWC – together with non-binding sources of international law – have substantively informed and enriched the jurisprudence of South African courts.
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Gyan Nyarko, Michael. "Towards Effective Implementation of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child in Egypt." African Journal of Legal Studies 11, no. 2-3 (September 16, 2018): 141–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340031.
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AbstractThe adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in 1989 marked an important step towards the ‘legal recognition and protection of the rights of children’. The inadequacies of the CRC regarding some issues peculiar to the African child, however, led to the adoption of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC or African Children’s Charter) in 1990, to complement the CRC and provide protection to children in peculiar African realities. The desired effects of the Charter will, however, only be achieved if its provisions are diligently implemented. Based on desk research and semi-structured interviews, this article discusses the implementation of the ACRWC in Egypt, highlighting the legislative and other measures adopted by Egypt to implement the provisions of the ACRWC. It also considers the role of the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (African Children’s Committee) in ensuring implementation of the ACRWC in Egypt through the state reporting and complaint mechanisms and considers the measures adopted by Egypt towards the implementation of concluding observations of the African Children’s Committee. It concludes with recommendations on how Egypt can better implement the provisions of the ACRWC.
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Mezmur, Benyam Dawit. "The African Children’s Charter @ 30: A distinction without a difference?" International Journal of Children’s Rights 28, no. 4 (December 14, 2020): 693–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-28040015.
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Meena Khorana. "National Character in South African English Children's Literature (review)." Children's Literature Association Quarterly 34, no. 4 (2009): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/chq.0.1940.
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Kaime, Thoko. "The Struggle for Context in the Protection of Children’s Rights: Understanding the Core Concepts of the African Children’s Charter." Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 40, no. 58 (January 2008): 33–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2008.10756623.
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Rudolph, Norma. "Hierarchies of knowledge, incommensurabilities and silences in South African ECD policy: Whose knowledge counts?" Journal of Pedagogy 8, no. 1 (August 28, 2017): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jped-2017-0004.
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Abstract Policy for young children in South Africa is now receiving high-level government support through the ANC’s renewed commitment to redress poverty and inequity and creating ‘a better life for all’ as promised before the 1994 election. In this article, I explore the power relations, knowledge hierarchies and discourses of childhood, family and society in National Curriculum Framework (NCF) as it relates to children’s everyday contexts. I throw light on how the curriculum’s discourses relate to the diverse South African settings, child rearing practices and world-views, and how they interact with normative discourses of South African policy and global early childhood frameworks. The NCF acknowledges indigenous and local knowledges and suggests that the content should be adapted to local contexts. I argue that the good intentions of these documents to address inequities are undermined by the uncritical acceptance of global taken-for-granted discourses, such as narrow notions of evidence, western child development, understanding of the child as a return of investment and referencing urban middle class community contexts and values. These global discourses make the poorest children and their families invisible, and silence other visions of childhood and good society, including the notion of ‘convivial society’ set out in the 1955 Freedom Charter.
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Ramphal Mxolisi Sillah, Ramphal Mxolisi Sillah. "Assessing The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of The Child (ACRWC) As a Blueprint Towards the Attainment of Children’s Rights in Africa." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 11, no. 2 (2013): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-1125055.
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Ojiambo-Hongo, Evelyn, John Mugubi, and Rosemary Nyaole. "The Gender Agenda in Kenyan Children’s Feature Films." Journal of African Theatre, Film and Media Discourse 1, no. 1 (February 12, 2020): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33886/kujat.v1i1.125.
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The gender agenda has featured substantially in creative works from Africa and particularly Kenya. Although film is considered a new form of creative expression in Africa, compared to the west, it has not been excluded in exploring gender issues. While the gender discussion has prominently featured adults, the Kenyan film has gone a step further and explored gender on a different level. Gender has been explored from the point of view of the child and employed the child character as a suitable medium. Kenyan filmmakers by employing the child character on the subject of gender seem to suggest that engendering of any member of the society begins in childhood and progresses into adulthood. This is a unique aspect about the Kenyan film yet has not been critically examined. This paper therefore examines the child character and the exploration of gender in Kenyan films about children to ascertain the significance of the child character in exploring gender issues in society. It focuses on three selected films that extensively explore the engendering of children namely: Subira, Malika and Becoming A Girl. The films mainly focus on the engendering of the girl child by the society and that this happens in childhood. They also employ the girl child as acharacter in exploring the issue of gender. Examination of the child character will be guided by the Sociological theory of film and the Formalist film theory. The structure of the paper is as follows: A background on the gender issue in creative works, theoretical perspectives on gender, analysis of Kenyan children’s films on gender and conclusions on the use of the child character in exploring gender.
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Delport, Rina, and Gloudien Spies. "ADOLESCENTS’ RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE DURING STATUTORY INTERVENTION." Southern African Journal of Social Work and Social Development 26, no. 1 (February 17, 2017): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2415-5829/2177.
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Social work practice remains concerned about the widespread human rights abuses and the exclusion of children’s voices during statutory intervention. As stipulated by The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1994), confirmed by The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (1999) and the Children’s Act (Section 10, 38 of 2005), it is of paramount importance that the child, which includes the adolescent, must experience freedom of expression as well as the right to be heard during statutory proceedings. However, it is argued that despite the national and international focus on the importance of child participation, the question remains if children do understand and receive the opportunity to participate in practise. This article reflects on adolescents’ understanding and experiences of their right to participate during statutory intervention.
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Mezmur, Benyam Dawit. "Happy 18th birthday to the African Children’s Charter: not counting its days but making its days count." African Human Rights Yearbook / Annuaire Africain des Droits de l’Homme Volume 1 (2017) 1, no. 2017 (November 15, 2017): 125–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29053/2523-1367/2017/v1n1a7.
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Williams, III, John A., and Greg Wiggan. "Models of Success, Teacher Quality and Student Disciplinary Infraction: A Critical Analysis of Chicago’s Urban Preparatory Academies and Harlem Children’s Zone." Journal of Educational Issues 2, no. 2 (August 26, 2016): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jei.v2i2.9788.
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<p>School discipline disparities in U.S. education is accompanied by a litany of literature that focuses on African Americans in low-performing urban schools (Civil Right Project, 2000; Losen, 2011; Mendez & Knoff, 2003; Skiba, Michael, Nardo & Peterson, 2002; Wilson, 2014). Public K-12 institutions in the U.S. report that African Americans are suspended at three-times the rate of White students (23% for African Americans as compared to 7% for Whites). Furthermore, the most recent Civil Rights Discipline Collection report (Office of Civil Rights, 2014) indicates that students who receive one suspension have a much greater chance of being suspended multiple times, ultimately leading to expulsion and or involvement in the juvenile justice system (Allen & White-Smith, 2014; Gregory, 1995; Office of Civil Rights, 2014; Pane & Rocco, 2014). A significant amount of research focuses on public education institutions’ dismal outcomes in this area (Skiba et al., 2002; Office of Civil Rights, 2014; Wilson, 2014), without examining charter schools to determine if discipline disparities are endemic in them as well. This study examined two urban, high achieving charter schools. Urban Preparatory Academies in Chicago and Harlem Children’s Zone in New York. The school characteristics are assessed through critical race theory to better understand the relationship between teacher quality and student discipline. The findings of the study indicate that while both schools had similar student demographics, lower rates of discipline infractions were reported in the individual campuses that employed a higher number of qualified teachers. These findings have implications for teacher preparation and urban education.</p>
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Greyling, F. "Promoting children’s literature: The challenges and possibilities of using the Internet in a developing society." Literator 25, no. 3 (July 31, 2004): 265–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v25i3.273.
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This article explores the possibilities and practicalities of using the Internet in a multicultural society such as South Africa to the benefit of language and cultural identity, media literacy and children’s literature. Stories create opportunities for worlds to meet and for cultural and language identities to be formed – especially in the minds of children. It is thus of crucial importance that children’s literature should be available and advanced in all indigenous languages. The Internet, the information and communication technology of the future, can play a significant role in the creation and transference of cultural identity, including the advancement of indigenous languages in general, and literature and literacy in particular. The vast technical possibilities of the Internet, its cost-efficiency and interactive and inviting character make it an important option to consider for the advancement of children’s literature. Although access to the Internet in South Africa is still relatively limited, the importance of new communication technologies is recognised by various policies, the implementation of which could result in the accessibility of electronic media and the literacy of its users. With “Storiewerf”, an existing website for Afrikaans children’s literature as a working example, new websites can be developed to provide content and services for other target groups as well.
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Vijaya, Veena. "Exploring the Riddle of Curious George: A Thematic Study." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.3p.65.
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Children’s literature has created versatile and popular characters since its inception. These characters produced a nostalgic and overwhelming presence through their actions, behaviors and unique identities on readers’ minds. This paper probes into a complex notion of the identity of a popular character in children’s literature, Curious George. Various authors and critics have tried to focus on different aspects of George’s personality. The scope of this paper is to explore the versatile and multifaceted features of George’s character, and to make an association between the character and its creators, H. A. Rey and Margaret Rey. The eventful life of the childless authors, who lived in a war-inflicted world, moving from one place to another, and seeking a final refuge in United States, is carefully analyzed and investigated in detail. The hilarious role played by George as a savior, to redeem them physically and psychologically, is adequately traced. Through the various Curious George series, the character of George is deeply examined and his relation to the ‘Man with the Yellow Hat’ has been interpreted from an oriental and postcolonial perspective. The enigma or riddle behind the true nature of George continually makes him one of the most beloved characters in the field of children’s literature. Observed and analyzed in the light of war-affected world, during which he was created, George provides the potential to survive in any conflict –riven situation internally or externally. His multiple personalities of an animal, child, prisoner, Orient and African provides various facets that keeps his identity in a flux.
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Cunningham, Rodney T., A. Wade Boykin, and Brenda A. Allen. "Facilitating Diverse Learning Contexts and Content on Children’s (School-Relevant) Cognitive Performance: Effects of Music and Movement Expression." Journal of Cognition and Culture 17, no. 3-4 (October 6, 2017): 232–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340006.
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Abstract In this study, 64 African-American and 64 White school children were exposed to two different short stories. One story was presented in a learning context with movement and music, infusing syncopated music and high levels of kinesthetic activity (hme context); while the other story was presented devoid of such factors (lme context). Further, half of the participants were presented stories with high movement content themes, embodying character and thematic content depicting high activity and kinesthetics (hmc); while the other participants were presented with stories embodying low movement content themes, depicting low levels of activity and movement expression (lmc). Performance was measured via recall of story information/encoding-inferring. Salient findings revealed the best performance emerged for African-American children when the hmc stories were presented under the hme contexts. In contrast, facilitating effects emerged for White children when the lmc stories were presented under the lme contexts. Other results are discussed in relation to previous findings. Implications for schooling practices are addressed, as are directions for future research.
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Ansell, Nicola, and Lorraine van Blerk. "“Where We Stayed was very Bad …”: Migrant Children's Perspectives on Life in Informal Rented Accommodation in Two Southern African Cities." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 3 (March 2005): 423–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a36226.
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Most research and initiatives relating to children's experiences of urban space have focused on the physical environment. Housing policies in Third World countries have also emphasised the provision of physical infrastructure and buildings, and urban aesthetics. In this paper the authors draw on the voices of young informants from Maseru (Lesotho), and Blantyre (Malawi), who, in discussions concerning moving house, chose to talk about social and economic aspects of life in the informal sector rented accommodation that is increasingly characteristic of these and many other African cities. The children offer insight into the peopling of urban space, mapping unruly environments characterised by disorder, gossip, and social contestation, far removed from the hard technocratic spaces imagined by planners. Their observations are important not only because children represent a very large and relatively neglected proportion of African urban dwellers but also because they offer a unique insight into the dynamic character of urban environments. As close observers of adult decisionmaking processes, children are informed commentators on motivations for moving house as well as the impacts of urban environments on their own lives. Not only do the children highlight the inadequacies of the informal private rental sector but they also offer a window onto why it is inadequate.
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Chikoko, Witness, Victor N. Muzvidziwa, Watch Ruparanganda, and Emelia Chikoko. "The perceptions and attitudes of adolescent street girls on the use of traditional medicine and commercial sex work in Harare Central Business District." DANDE Journal of Social Sciences and Communication 2, no. 2 (2018): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/dande.v2i2.52.
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The paper argues that there is a close relationship between use of traditional medicine and commercial sex work among adolescent street girls in Harare Central Business District. As a result of using the traditional medicine one could argue that this demonstrates agency of these young adults. The agency is demonstrated when these adolescent girls use the medicine to facilitate commercial sex work. On the other hand one could argue that, use of traditional medicine in commercial sex work illustrates huge rights violations prevalent on the streets of Harare Central Business District. The behaviours associated with commercial sex work and use of traditional medicine could be viewed as contravening some provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of a Child (UNCRC) (1989), African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of Children (ACRWC) (1999). Included are violations of some of the national child rights laws and policies such as the Children’s Act (5.06), Criminal Law (Codification and Reform) Act (9.23) and the National Action Plan for Orphans and Other Vulnerable Children (NAP for OVCs) (2011-2015). This study is part of the researcher’s doctoral study which used street ethnography and qualitative research methodology.
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De Jong, M. "Arbitration of family separation issues – a useful adjunct to mediation and the court process." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 17, no. 6 (November 14, 2014): 2356. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/pelj.v17i6.04.
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For over half a century now, section 2(a) of the Arbitration Act 42 of 1965 has prohibited arbitration in respect of matrimonial and related matters. In this article it will be illustrated that this prohibition is clearly incompatible with present-day demands. Today there is a strong tendency in public policy towards alternative dispute resolution processes such as arbitration. As any recommendations that arbitration should be applied to family law disputes must be anchored in an analysis of the specific character of the arbitral remedy, the article begins by giving a broad overview of the nature of arbitration. This is followed by a discussion of the present-day demand for family arbitration, which examines the problems experienced with the adversarial system of litigation in resolving family law disputes, party autonomy, the development of alternative dispute resolution processes such as mediation and arbitration, the special synergy between mediation and arbitration, the success of arbitration in other fields of law and possible forerunners for family arbitration in South Africa. Inherent in the demand for family law arbitration are the many advantages of arbitration, which are also touched upon. Thirdly, current trends in England, Australia, the United States of America, Canada and India are analysed so as to identify a suitable family law arbitration model for South Africa. Special attention is paid to the matters that should be referred to arbitration – for example, should it be confined to matrimonial property and financial disputes or extended to all matters incidental to divorce or family breakdown, including children's issues? Other questions examined include whether family arbitration should comply with substantive law only, who should act as arbitrators, whether family arbitration should be voluntary or compulsory, what the court's role in the family arbitration process should be, and whether family law arbitration should be regulated by the existing Arbitration Act or by a separate statute with specialised rules for family matters. Lastly, it is concluded that although family arbitration will not have universal appeal or common application, it should be encouraged and enforceable for those who choose this private alternative dispute settlement technique to resolve their family disputes.
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Kean, Leslie, Sharon Sen, Martha Ann Felder, VIN Tangpricha, Olufolake Adisa, Angelica JAMES-Herry, Iris Buchanan, et al. "Evidence for Quantitative and Functional Immune Deviation in Pediatric Patients with Sickle Cell Disease." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.1054.1054.
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Abstract Abstract 1054 While hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative therapy for individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD), these patients are at increased risk of graft rejection, especially after non-myeloablative HSCT. This suggests that SCD patients may exhibit immune activation at baseline. However, a rigorous analysis of the extent and character of this immune activation, using newly available multiplexed flow cytometric techniques, has not been previously reported. The objective of this study was to describe the extent of immune deviation in a cohort of pediatric subjects with SCD during steady state, given that this age group represents the majority of SCD patients undergoing HSCT. Methods: An IRB-approved prospective cross-sectional study design was used to compare patients, aged 10 –16y with SCD (homozygous SS or Sb0-thalassemia) during steady state (at least 21 days from an acute SCD exacerbation or other illness including infections requiring antibiotics, and, at least 8 weeks from any RBC transfusion) with an ethnic and age-matched control group of healthy individuals without SCD. Patients were recruited from the Aflac Comprehensive Sickle Cell Clinic at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta. Controls were recruited using fliers from general pediatric clinics and other community centers in the metro Atlanta area. Inclusion criteria included a confirmed documented diagnosis of homozygous SS or sickle b0 thalassemia for cases and the absence of any sickle hemoglobinopathy for controls. Subjects could only participate once in this study, were excluded if they had renal disease, any significant illness that might be associated with an immune defect such as SLE, were on oral/parenteral corticosteroids, had liver disease (AST/ALT >3ULN), or were unable to give informed consent or complete all study procedures. We have currently enrolled 23/40 SCD patients and 18/30 controls. All patients and controls were African American. Other baseline demographic characteristics of both groups were similar with regards to gender and age (p=0.775 and 0.8314 respectively). Following informed consent, each subject had blood drawn for quantitative immune analysis: total WBC, ANC, ALC, total T cell count (CD4/CD8 T cell subsets), total B cell and NK cell count, and enumeration of CD4 and CD8 T cells for their memory subpopulations. Functional immune assessment was done on a subset of samples (18 patients, 6 controls) using multiplexed enumeration of 25 serum cytokines using the Invitrogen 25-plex human cytokine panel. Quantitative and qualitative flow cytometric and cytokine analysis was performed using FloJo software and the Prism software statistical package. Results: Our results provide evidence for quantitative and functional immune deviation in SCD patients compared to controls. In addition to the well-documented increases in total WBC and ANC (1.9-fold and 1.7-fold compared to controls, respectively, p <0.05), SCD patients also demonstrated significantly higher total lymphocytes, monocytes and both cytotoxic and cytokine-secreting NK cells (2.9, 2.4, and 2.2-fold compared to controls, p <0.01 for all). Circulating B cells were significantly higher in SCD patients (3.3 fold, p= 0.0005). Circulating T cells were also increased in SCD patients, but this effect was specific to CD4+ T cells (1.7-fold, p = 0.002). There was no difference in CD8+ T cells (p= 0.4). The increased CD4+ T cell count predominantly involved memory CD4+ T subpopulations, with both central and effector memory CD4+ T cells significantly increased compared to controls (1.9-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively, p< 0.01). SCD patients also showed evidence of functional immune activation at steady state; plasma cytokine analysis revealed higher circulating CXCL10, CCL4 and IL-15 (2.4, 2.1, and >10 fold compared to controls, p <0.05 for all). These cytokines, which are secreted by activated endothelial cells and monocytes, are implicated in promoting the proliferation (IL-15) and the activation (CXCL10 and CCL4) of both T cells and NK cells. Implications: Our results confirm that even during steady state, pediatric patients with SCD exhibit evidence of significant quantitative and functional immune deviation. This observation suggests that targeting immune pathways impacting NK cell, B cell, and CD4 T cell function may be required for successful engraftment of SCD patients during non-myeloablative HSCT. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Vohito, Sonia. "The African Children's Charter and ending corporal punishment of children in Africa: A work in progress." African Human Rights Law Journal 21, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1996-2096/2021/v21n1a5.
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SUMMARY Corporal punishment is the most common form of violence against children worldwide, including in Africa. Corporal punishment violates children's rights to respect for their human dignity and physical integrity. The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child provides for every child's right to be protected from violence and ill-treatment. The African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child and other human rights bodies consistently examine states on their progress towards prohibiting and eliminating corporal punishment. In the context of the thirtieth anniversary of the African Children's Charter, this article aims to examine the progress made towards the prohibition and elimination of corporal punishment of children in all settings, in Africa. It highlights the challenges and shortcomings in implementing this campaign in Africa. The role of the African Children's Committee in promoting and protecting the human rights imperative to prohibit corporal punishment of children is also examined, especially as regards the legal barriers to end the corporal punishment of children in Africa. Key words: African Children's Charter; children's rights; corporal punishment; Agenda 2040
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Fambasayi, Rongedzayi, and Michael Addaney. "Cascading impacts of climate change and the rights of children in Africa: A reflection on the principle of intergenerational equity." African Human Rights Law Journal 21, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1996-2096/2021/v21n1a3.
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SUMMARY This article explores the manner in which climate action at the African regional level protects and promotes children's rights with considerations being had to the principle of intergenerational equity. It establishes that while the concept of intergenerational equity is entrenched in the international and African regional climate change framework for the protection of children, neither the Convention on the Rights of the Child nor the African Children's Charter mentions the concept. However, CRC and the African Children's Charter oblige states to take into consideration the views of children and protect their best interests in climate action (to ensure intergenerational equity) and in achieving a sustainable future. Using a doctrinal research method, the article examines the regional legal and institutional responses to the cascading impacts of climate change and how they safeguard children's rights to a sustainable future. It proceeds to critically analyse child rights-responsive provisions in the African Children's Charter that could potentially enhance the utility of the principle of intergenerational equity in the context of climate action in Africa. The article argues that the principle of intergenerational equity could, in theory, be used as a useful tool for the protection and promotion of the rights and interests of children from climate change impacts. Key words: children's rights; climate change; climate justice; future generations; intergenerational equity
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Khoza, Thandeka N. "The Sen-Nussbaum diagram of article 11(3) of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child: Facilitating the relationship between access to education and development." African Human Rights Law Journal 21, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1996-2096/2021/v21n1a2.
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SUMMARY The right to education is an infinitely important right, the benefits of which are boundless. In the case of children, this position is even more emphasised. The right to education has been described as a 'gateway right', which leads to the realisation of a plethora of other rights. Although often done from an economics point of view, many authors have also written about the nexus between education and development. The realisation of the right to education, thus, has been shown to play a positive role in the realisation of developmental goals, both for children, as individuals, and for communities, as a whole. Regarding development, the works of Sen and Nussbaum have helped us to understand development in a marked way, which considers more than the gross national product. These authors, notably, introduced us to the language of 'unfreedoms' and 'capabilities'. With its focus on the rights of the African child, this article begins by tracing some of the notable developments that have occurred since the adoption of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. Thereafter, the article focuses specifically on the realisation of the child's right to education in Africa, as guaranteed in article 11(3) of the African Children's Charter, through the lens of the theories of Sen and Nussbaum. Key words: children's rights; right to education; development in Africa; Sen and Nussbaum, African Children's Charter
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Johnson, Afrooz Kaviani, and Julia Sloth-Nielsen. "Child protection, safeguarding and the role of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child: Looking back and looking ahead." African Human Rights Law Journal 20, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1996-2096/2020/v20n2a13.
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With 30 years since the adoption of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, this article discusses how the Charter has contributed to understanding and addressing children's rights to protection. Looking back, the article examines the impetus for the Charter in the context of an emerging field of child protection on the continent. Next, the article charts the paradigm shift in the child protection sector that occurred after the adoption of the Charter and the gradual development of African jurisprudence on child protection and safeguarding. This analysis is based on a comprehensive review of Concluding Observations and Recommendations by the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child and relevant documents, including General Comment 5 on State Party Obligations under the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (article 1) and Systems Strengthening for Child Protection. Looking ahead, the article posits future directions for child protection and safeguarding, including addressing new risks and harms enabled by digital technology. In conclusion, the article underscores the importance of the Children's Committee in articulating African perspectives and catalysing state party action to realise children's rights to protection in accordance with the Charter. Through the state party reporting process and with reference to General Comment 5 and forthcoming guidance, the Committee can continue meaningful dialogue with state parties to address persistent and new challenges to child protection taking a systemic approach.
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Chibwana, Musavengana WT. "Towards a transformative child rights discourse in Africa: A reflexive study." African Human Rights Law Journal 21, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1996-2096/2021/v21n1a7.
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SUMMARY It has been 30 years since the adoption of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. This article takes the opportunity to reflect on where the child rights discourse is going to allow for proactivity in addressing emerging challenges and changing child rights context on the African continent. Using positional reflexivity as the methodology, I identify what I call six transformative promptings which are engendering a shift to the child rights discourse. I argue that for the discourse to be more erudite in ensuring the protection as well as well-being for children on the African continent, these six issues must be seriously considered. The first issue is a shift from child rights alterity to trans-disciplinarity. The second issue involves the evolution of the child rights promotional obligation. The third issue is on the nexus between exponential urbanisation on the African continent and fulfilment of children 's rights. The fourth issue is on the rise of the nebulous information communication technology. The fifth issue is on addressing cross border child rights violations and lastly the small matter of financing child rights using domestic resource mobilisation. Key words: positional reflexivity; children's rights; African Children's Charter
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Fokala, Elvis, and Annika Rudman. "Age or maturity? African children's right to participate in medical decision-making processes." African Human Rights Law Journal 20, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1996-2096/2020/v20n2a14.
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This article advocates an approach to children's participation in medical decision-making processes guided by the rationality of the best interests' principle, a child's evolving capacity and a child's age. Using a human rights-based approach, rooted in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Children's Charter, it seeks to elucidate the contested three-way partnership between the child, its parent(s) and the assigned physician(s), which plays out in relation to most medical procedures involving children. In analysing legislation and case law, the article further aims to clarify the complex relationship between age and maturity in child participation; to facilitate a child's involvement in the three-way partnership; and to suggest the statutory recognition of an age indicator in domestic African law in relation to medical procedures.
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Miamingi, Alina. "The applicability of the best interests principle to children of imprisoned mothers in contemporary Africa: Between hard and soft law." African Human Rights Law Journal 20, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1996-2096/2020/v20n2a16.
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This article argues that article 30(d) of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child in fact, in some instances, may impede the actualisation of the best interests of the children of incarcerated mothers in contemporary Africa, due to its inflexible and generalising formulation. The African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child attempted to address the limitations inherent in article 30 by issuing its first General Comment on 'Children of incarcerated and imprisoned parents and primary caregivers', which promotes an individualised and far more flexible approach to the decision of whether to prohibit or allow children to reside in prison with their mothers. However, the persuasive value of a General Comment is limited by virtue of belonging to the category of soft law. Therefore, the African Children's Committee should explore the possibility of amending article 30(d) in order to preserve the best interests of children whose mothers are incarcerated.
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Mahadew, Roopanand. "The Children's Bill of Mauritius: A critical assessment of key aspects." African Human Rights Law Journal 20, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1996-2096/2020/v20n2a122.
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This article critically assesses the Children's Bill that has been presented as a law that will revolutionise the sphere of children's rights in Mauritius. It is set to replace the Child Protection Act which was way below the required international standard for children's rights. Essential aspects of the Bill are reviewed by using as barometers the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. Some of the aspects explored are the principle of the best interests of the child, the protection of the child, the child as a juvenile offender and the Children's Court. The article also compares the Bill to the previous Child Protection Act to evaluate the efficacy of the changes brought about by the Bill.
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Mezmur, Benyam Dawit. "No second chance for first impressions: The first amicable settlement under the African Children's Charter." African Human Rights Law Journal 19, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1996-2096/2019/v19n1a4.
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"Protecting children's rights in Africa: A critique of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child." International Journal of Children's Rights 10, no. 2 (2002): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181802401005403.
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Nanima, Robert Doya. "Evaluating the role of the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child in the COVID-19 era: Visualising the African child in 2050." African Human Rights Law Journal 21, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1996-2096/2021/v21n1a4.
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SUMMARY Africa has gained much traction in recognising the rights of the child with an emphasis on his or her holistic environments. Three general environments that affect a child are identified: first, a peaceful environment informed by adequately functional institutions that aid the implementation of all laws that improve the position of the child; second, an environment punctuated by emergencies such as armed conflict, public health emergencies or humanitarian situations. The third environment is where a child who has moved from humanitarian situations seeks solace. This may include internally-displaced persons and refugees/asylum seekers. This article evaluates the role of the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child as the only regional human rights body that monitors the promotion and protection of the rights of children. The evaluation covers the third environment in the context of the COVID-19 era. It is argued that the current traction by the Committee after the outbreak of the pandemic can be used to improve the position of the child towards the 2050 aspirations. An evaluation of the effects of the pandemic on the child is done followed by a visualisation of the child in 2050. An analysis of the normative, institutional and jurisprudential framework of the Committee in the Covid-19 era follows. A juxtaposition of the use of Agenda 2040 to realise the 2050 visualised child is done. This informs a proposed model that the Committee may adopt, followed by a conclusion and recommendations. Key words: African Children's Committee; African Children's Charter; Agenda 2040; jurisprudence; normative; COVID-19
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Kangaude, Godfrey Dalitso, Deevia Bhana, and Ann Skelton. "Childhood sexuality in Africa: A child rights perspective." African Human Rights Law Journal 20, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1996-2096/2020/v20n2a15.
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It is an undeniable fact that children in Africa face many challenges in their sexual health and development trajectories. One of the challenges that children face is ideological, that is, the social construction of childhood sexuality and the effects of that construction on law and policy and on what information and services children may access regarding sex and sexuality. Adults tend to represent children as sexually innocent and incompetent, and their actions toward children focus on preserving this sexual innocence and averting sexual risks. The article discusses how this ideological positioning of children shapes sexuality education, and the criminalisation of sexual conduct between consenting adolescents. Legal instruments and related interpretive instruments such as court judgments and the General Comments and Recommendations of treaty-monitoring bodies play an important role as they construct meanings of childhood sexuality that align with or contradict dominant representations of childhood as sexual innocence which has effects for children's sexual rights. The article analyses how General Comments of the Committee on the Rights of the Child and the African Committee of Experts have represented childhood sexuality. It argues for the transformation of views about children toward perceiving children as having sexual agency to the extent of their evolving capacities, as a prerequisite to addressing challenges that children face in Africa relating to sexuality. It recommends that the African Committee of Experts should, in its interpretation of the African Children's Charter, construct childhood sexuality positively to represent children as sexual agents rather than positioning them as sexually innocent which also implies viewing any sexual activity of the child as inherently harmful or as a mark of deviance or corruption.
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Murungi, Nkatha. "Editorial: Continuation of the Special Focus to mark 30 years since the adoption of the African Children's Charter." African Human Rights Law Journal 21, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1996-2096/2021/v21n1a1.
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Murungi, Nkatha. "Editorial introduction to special focus: The African Children's Charter at 30: Reflections on its past and future contribution to the rights of children in Africa." African Human Rights Law Journal 20, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1996-2096/2020/v20n2a12.
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Fawole, Charissa E. "A Critical Analysis of the Kampala Convention from a Children’s Rights Perspective." Refugee Survey Quarterly, June 29, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdaa009.
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Abstract A notable proportion of the persons living in situations of internal displacement in Africa are children. Despite the near-universal ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the wide ratification of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child among States in Africa, it is not clear the extent to which the ratification of these treaties has influenced the region’s legal framework for the protection and assistance of internally displaced children. This contribution addresses this issue through its analysis of the African Union Convention for the Protection and Assistance of Internally Displaced Persons in Africa from a children’s rights perspective. While the Convention does incorporate some principles of a children’s rights perspective, the analysis reveals that there are some inadequacies regarding the Convention’s overall incorporation of a children’s rights perspective. Based on the analysis, this contribution provides recommendations to use a children’s rights perspective to implement the Convention.
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Fambasayi, Rongedzayi, and Hadiza Omoyemhe Okunrobo. "Children’s Rights and COVID-19 Responses under the African Union: Recent Developments and Challenges." Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa 54, no. 1 (August 17, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2522-3062/8309.
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There is little doubt that children are at risk of being seriously affected by the socio-economic impact and the response measures to the COVID-19 pandemic that may inadvertently affect their rights, interests and well-being. UNICEF has declared that unless states act together, globally and regionally, to address this, it is possible that the pandemic will permanently cause damage to children and our shared future. The pandemic poses real challenges for children around the world, particularly the developing countries in Africa. Most African countries are already bedevilled by socio-economic frailties, corruption, conflict and institutional problems. In this article we explore responses to COVID-19 from the African Union (AU), to ascertain how regional responses have integrated the protection of the rights and interests of children. With the African Children’s Charter as a guide, it is argued that institutions at the AU continental and sub-regional levels are increasingly becoming aware of the importance of children’s rights as a distinct issue rather than being part of women’s concerns. The AU celebrated the thirtieth anniversary of the African Children’s Charter in 2020, and this occasion provides a timely opportunity to reflect on how regional institutions are integrating the principles of children’s rights in regional governance processes and decision-making.
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Kaime, Thoko. "The African Children’s Charter: Does It Represent a Relevant Vision of Childhood and Children’s Rights?" SSRN Electronic Journal, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3614386.
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Khoza, Thandeka N., and Cebolenkosi Zuma. "THE PAS DE DEUX BETWEEN EDUCATION AND RECREATION: FACILITATING THE REALISATION OF ARTICLES 11 AND 12 OF THE AFRICAN CHARTER ON THE RIGHTS AND WELFARE OF THE CHILD IN SCHOOLS." Pretoria Student Law Review, no. 14 (2) (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.29053/pslr.v14i2.1838.
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The argument which will be advanced in this article is that African children would benefit from accessing schools which offer them an education infused with recreational activity, through the creation of space and time for recreational activity within the school day. To this end, it will be suggested that crafting curricula which include recreational activity, specifically in the form of dance, will assist to improve the quality of education available to African children. It is argued that this proposed curriculum is a move towards the provision of the quality education demanded by the African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACERWC) in its Agenda 2040 for Children’s Rights in Africa (Agenda 2040).14 In order to do this, this article will first explore the content of article 11, which relates to the right to education. Thereafter, it will move to unpack the meaning of article 12, which deals with the right to recreational activity, as well as its implications. This article will then give a short account of the links between these provisions, within the context of the best interests of the child. Finally, the paper will conclude with a summary of its formulation, particularly within the context of Agenda 2040.
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Botlhale, Emmanuel Kopang. "Justiciability of Children’s Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Botswana." Canadian Journal of Children's Rights / Revue canadienne des droits des enfants 2, no. 1 (November 20, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/cjcr.v2i1.14.
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Children are a vulnerable group, hence, they need special protection. This is provided through ratifying children-protecting instruments; e.g., Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC). Botswana acceded to the CRC and ACRWC in 1995 and 2001 respectively. Beyond ratification and domestication of these instruments, rights must be asserted through justiciability mechanisms, or else, they remain paper rights. Amongst others, justiciability is effected through state reports. Using a mixed methods approach, this study investigated the question; ‘is Botswana complying with her reporting obligations?’ It concluded that she was in breach and, thus, fails to respect, protect and fulfil children’s economic, social and cultural rights. This position contradicts claims that Botswana is children-friendly as stated by publications such as The African Report on Child Wellbeing. However, Botswana can redeem herself by reporting on what she is doing for children.
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Van Niekerk, Jacomien. "Afrikaans stories of Jackal and Hyena: Oral and written traditions." Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 55, no. 3 (August 27, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-9070/tvl.v.55i3.5511.
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This paper scrutinizes two wild relatives of dogs, namely jackals and hyenas, who feature prominently in Afrikaans children’s literature by way of African oral tradition, specifically Khoi oral literature. The stories of Jakkals (Jackal) and Wolf (Hyena) illustrate the ways in which Khoi orature found its way into Afrikaans (children’s) literature in a gradual process culminating in appropriation. The paper shows how Afrikaans literary scholars charted this process and what mechanisms they employed to diminish the role played by the original Khoi storytellers—a denial of the context in which the stories were created that persists until today. Apart from reference to a separate oral tradition of Jackal and Hyena stories that developed amongst white Afrikaans speakers, the specific focus of the paper is on the Afrikaans animal tales published by G. R. von Wielligh since all later publications by other authors draw on the Von Wielligh stories to an extent. The paper concludes with suggestions for further research that departs from outmoded approaches to African oral literature.
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Subroyen, Thiavna. "THE GABRIEL FERNANDEZ CASE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF A ‘MANDATED REPORTER’ IN LIGHT OF THE CHILDREN’S ACT." Pretoria Student Law Review, no. 14 (2) (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.29053/pslr.v14i2.1836.
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An analysis of the Gabriel Fernandez case will be presented in chronological order from 2012 to 2013 of the periods in which reports of abuse were made by various parties to the Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS). Further scrutiny will be given to responses of the four social workers in their failure to respond to the reports and failure to take reasonable action to ensure the safety of the child and their intention to falsify records which had resulted in the death of Gabriel Fernandez on 23 May 2013. The social workers were charged with a section 273 Penal Code violation for child endangerment and were faced with a penalty of ten-year imprisonment if they were found guilty. This analysis will examine the final judgment that was handed down in January 2020 in which all charges were dismissed. The discussion of events leading up to Fernandez's death must be considered with the failure of social services in intervening and upholding the paramount interests of a child in an event where their rights may be violated, and where such environments may pose a risk to their health and safety. This paper then seeks to expand upon the discussion of the Gabriel Fernandez case in illustrating: firstly, the aspects which make up a mandated reporter in the case of child abuse. Secondly, the roles or obligations similar to the mandated report in the context of South African law, primarily, the Children's Act and thirdly, a comparative analysis against South African law, to determine if the Appellate Court was correct in its decision to acquit the social workers involved in the Gabriel Fernandez case.
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De Vos, Gail. "News and Announcements." Deakin Review of Children's Literature 5, no. 2 (October 25, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.20361/g2qk5x.
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Autumn is not only a gloriously colourful time of the year, it is a time when a plethora of children’s book related events and awards take place. Just see what is happening in the next few months:IBBY: “Silent Books: Final Destination Lampedusa” travelling exhibit In response to the international refugee crisis that began last year, the Italian arm of the International Board on Books for Young People has launched a travelling picture-book exhibit to support the first children’s library on the island of Lampedusa, Italy where many African and Middle Eastern refugees are landing. After stops in Italy, Mexico, and Austria, the exhibit is currently touring Canada. It premiered in Edmonton at the Stanley A. Milner Library in August. Next are three Vancouver locations: UBC Irving Barber Learning Centre (Oct. 1 to 23), Vancouver Public Library central branch (Oct. 8 to 18), and the Italian Cultural Centre (Oct. 10 to 22). Then the North York Central Library in Toronto from Nov. 2 to Dec 11. Recognizing Lampedusa island’s cultural diversity, the exhibit comprises exclusively wordless picture books from 23 countries, including three from Canada:“Hocus Pocus” by Sylvie Desrosiers & Rémy Simard’s (Kids Can Press), “Ben’s Big Dig” by Daniel Wakeman and Dirk van Stralen’s(Orca Book Publishers)“Ben’s Bunny Trouble” also by Wakeman and van Stralen (Orca Book Publishers). Other books are drawn from an honour list selected by a jury of experts from the 2015 Bologna Children’s Book Fair including Ajubel’s “Robinson Crusoe” (Spain), Ara Jo’s “The Rocket Boy”(Korea), and Madalena Matoso’s “Todos Fazemos Tudo” (Switzerland), among others. The full catalogue can be viewed online.TD Canadian Children’s Book Week.Next year’s TD Canadian Children’s Book Week will take place from May 7-14, 2016. Thirty Canadian children’s authors, illustrators and storytellers will be touring across Canada visiting schools, libraries, bookstores and community centres. Visit the TD Book Week site (www.bookweek.ca) to find out who will be touring in your area and the types of readings and workshops they will be giving. If your school or library is interested in hosting a Book Week visitor, you can apply online starting in mid-October.Shakespeare Selfie CBC Books will once again be running the Shakespeare Selfie writing challenge in April 2016. Shakespeare took selfies all the time but instead of a camera, he used a quill. And instead of calling them "selfies," they were called "soliloquies."The challenge: Write a modern-day soliloquy or monologue by a Shakespearean character based on a prominent news, pop culture or current affairs event from the last year (April 2015-April 2016). It can be in iambic pentameter or modern syntax with a word count from 200 to 400 words. There are two age categories: Grades 7-9 and 10-12. Details at: http://www.cbc.ca/books/2015/10/the-2016-shakespeare-selfie-writing-challenge-for-students.html Awards:The winners of this year’s Canadian Jewish Literary Awards, celebrating Jewish literature and culture in Canada, have been announced. Amongst the nine awards is one for Youth Literature which was awarded to Suri Rosen for “Playing with Matches” (ECW Press). See all the award winners here: http://www.cjlawards.ca/.The Canadian Children's Book Centre administers several awards including the TD Canadian Children’s Literature Award, the Marilyn Baillie Picture Book Award, the Monica Hughes Award for Science Fiction and Fantasy and the Norma Fleck Award for Canadian Children’s Non-Fiction. This year’s winners will be announced on November 18, 2015. http://www.bookcentre.ca/awardThe Fitzhenry Family Foundation has revealed the winners of its Lane Anderson Awards for the best Canadian science books published in the previous year. Selections are made based on a title’s pertinence to science in today’s world and the author’s ability to relate scientific issues to everyday life. Prolific Halifax kids’ science writer L.E. Carmichael was awarded the YA prize for “Fuzzy Forensics: DNA Fingerprinting Gets Wild” (Ashby-BP Publishing), about using forensic science to fight crimes against animals. Uxbridge, Ontario–based environmental journalist Stephen Leahy received the adult prize for “Your Water Footprint” (Firefly Books), which examines human usage of the valuable natural resource. http://laneandersonaward.ca/The Edmonton Public Library has named Sigmund Brouwer (author and Rock & Roll Literacy Show host) as the winner (by public vote) of Alberta Reader’s Choice Award. Sigmund’s “Thief of Glory” (WaterBrook Press) is about a young boy trying to take care of his family in the aftermath of the 1942 Japanese Imperialist invasion of the Southeast Pacific. The prize awards $10,000 to an Alberta-based author of a work of excellent fiction or narrative non-fiction. http://www.epl.ca/alberta-readers-choiceHarperCollins Canada, the Cooke Agency, and the University of British Columbia have announced the shortlist of the annual HarperCollins Publishers/UBC Prize for Best New Fiction awarded to students and alumni of UBC’s creative writing program, and offers the winner literary representation by the Cooke Agency and a publishing contract with HarperCollins Canada.“Between the Wind and Us” by Iranian-Canadian writer Nazanine Hozar, the story of a young abandoned girl set during the political unrest of 1953–1979 Iran.“Learning to Breathe” by B.C.-based Janice Lynn Mather, a young adult novel about a Caribbean teenager’s struggle to establish herself in a new city and home life.“At The Top of the Wall, Alight” by Sudbury, Ontario, author Natalie Morrill, which follows a Viennese Jew separated from his family during the Second World War. An early version of this novel was previously nominated for the award.Novelist and University of Guelph writing professor, Thomas King, and L.A.-based author, graphic novelist, and musician, Cecil Castellucci, have been named winners of this year’s Sunburst Awards for excellence in Canadian literature of the fantastic. Castellucci won in the YA category for “Tin Star” (Roaring Brook/Raincoast), the first novel in a planned series about a teenager who struggles to survive parent-less in a space station where she is the only human, and which played scene to a brutal assault that haunts her memory. King won in the adult category for his novel “The Back of the Turtle” (HarperCollins Canada), for which he also received a Copper Cylinder Award from the Sunburst Society last week. The book follows a First Nations scientist who finds himself torn after he’s sent to clean up the ecological mess his company has left on the reserve his family grew up on.Be sure to save October 28th on your calendar for the GG book awards announcement. Of course, “GG” stands for Governor-General. The short lists can be viewed here:http://ggbooks.ca/books/. There are categories in both English and French for both children’s text and illustration books.Online ResourcesPodcast: Yegs and Bacon: Episode 22: the full audio from our recent Indigenous Representation in Popular Culture panel. In the audio, you’ll be hearing from (in order of first vocal appearance) Brandon, who introduces the panelists, James Leask, Richard Van Camp, Kelly Mellings, and Patti Laboucane-Benson. Recorded on Monday, September 28th, 2015. http://variantedmonton.com/category/yegs-and-bacon/European Picture Book Collection: The EPBC was designed to help pupils to find out more about their European neighbours through reading the visual narratives of carefully chosen picture books. Here you can find out about how the project began, the theoretical papers that have been presented on European children's literature, and how the materials were initially used in schools. http://www.ncrcl.ac.uk/epbc/EN/index.aspMore next time around,Yours in stories, Gail de VosGail de Vos is an adjunct professor who teaches courses on Canadian children's literature, young adult literature, and comic books & graphic novels at the School of Library and Information Studies (SLIS) at the University of Alberta. She is the author of nine books on storytelling and folklore. Gail is also a professional storyteller who has taught the storytelling course at SLIS for over two decades.
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Tegunimataka, Anna. "The Intergenerational Effects of Intermarriage." Journal of International Migration and Integration, January 10, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12134-019-00745-1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis study closely examines long-term outcomes of intermarriage in Denmark in terms of children’s educational performance, studying grades from final examinations. The study uses rich register data, where families are linked across generations, and contributes to the migration literature by providing new insights into the human capital formation in inter-ethnic families. The outcomes of children of intermarriage are very much in line with the outcomes of children with two native-born Danish parents. Compared to second-generation immigrants, children of intermarriage perform substantially better, and these differences remain even when school and family-level confounders are taken into account. Moreover, this paper explores the heterogeneous character of the 2.5 generation in Denmark and studies the importance of parental country of origin. Parental country of origin is of significance for the educational performance of children from intermarriage in Denmark, as the performance of children with a non-native parent originating from countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America is closer to that of second-generation immigrants, rather than natives. This association remains (for certain groups) when controlling for unobserved heterogeneity at the school and family level.