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Jackson, Ashley. "Botswana 1939-1945 : an African country at war /." Oxford : Clarendon press, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37112011v.
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Gathimba, Allan. "From gateway country to the region : a review of South African, developed country and Kenyan multinational enterprises expansion into East Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/59831.
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The evolving business landscape has witnessed an ever-increasing participation of multinational corporations from emerging markets (BRICS) and more recently multinationals from lesser-developed countries. Given their diverse backgrounds, the experiences and learnings these firms go through when they start playing in the same ?field', needs greater understanding (Hitt, Li, & Xu, 2015)
An inductive study was used to gain insights into the experiences of various MNEs that had regionalised into East Africa using Kenya as a gateway. A hypothetical process flow based on subsidiary evolution and current literature was developed to aid in the exploratory qualitative research through the use semi-structured in-depth interviews aimed at isolating the experiences and processes of the regionalisation process.
The findings resulted in an enhanced regionalisation model with overlapping relationships of five phases with a greater emphasis on growth and graduation of the firm through the various phases. In addition, the model also showed the progression or increase in knowledge and capabilities as a result of increased learning and experience and depicted a commensurate increase in managerial resource requirement and ability to manage and coordinate the overall firm.
The study contributed to existing literature by identifying experiences and processes that firms go through as they regionalise in addition to providing insights into what factors encouraged the development of Regional focused firm-specific advantages. By doing so, it expounded on the regionalisation aspect, which was influenced by a factor or a combination of factors identified in the research, which integrated both the region and country in one study.
The research emphasises the need for regional coordination mechanisms that align both the expansion and parent strategy by identifying elements crucial this occurrence and advocate for more comprehensive qualitative research on relationships,networks and outsidership.<br>Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.<br>nk2017<br>Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)<br>MBA<br>Unrestricted
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Gassama, Musa Yerro. "Opportunity and Sex Offending by International Peacekeepers in the Central African Republic." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5337.
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Despite their peacekeeping role in the management of internal armed conflicts, some military peacekeepers have sexually exploited local populations in host countries, resulting in dire social and health consequences and threats to the success of international peace operations. Although researchers have examined sexual violence committed by peacekeepers, few researchers, if any, have used routine activities theory to examine sex offending by peacekeepers. The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which situational opportunities influenced international military peacekeepers' engagement in the sexual exploitation of civilians in the Central African Republic, a peacekeeping host country. Data were collected from face-to-face interviews with 15 research participants, including local witnesses, military officers, representatives of civil society organizations, and United Nations policy makers, and from public records obtained from online sources. Data were coded using an inductive coding strategy and then analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicated that both the local and peacekeeping conditions, including lack of deterrence and accountability mechanisms, heightened the vulnerability of local populations to sex predation and motivated peacekeeper sex offenders to engage in sex offending. Local community leaders, civil society organizations, peacekeepers, and policy makers could use study findings to promote educational programs on the institutional responsibility to protect vulnerable civilians as well as shape policies to prevent the commission of sexual exploitation by peacekeepers. These actions may also help susceptible civilians, especially women and girls, to be aware of the risks linked to their vulnerability and empower them to seek legal redress.
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Wilkerson, Rose. "Talkin' country African-American English of Black women in the Mississippi Delta /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3319891.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Linguistics, 2008.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 11, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: A, page: 3134. Adviser: Stuart Davis.
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Thomas, Rebecca Ann. "The color of music : race and the making of America's country music /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974690.
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Van, Wyk Lindie. "An evaluation of the Country-by-Country Reporting (CbC Template) for transfer pricing documentation purposes from a South African perspective." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21752.
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In February 2013, the OECD published a report on its findings concerning base erosion and profit shifting ("BEPS").1 That report, in particular Action Plan 13, dealt with the re-examination of transfer pricing documentation wherein the shifting of profits to lower tax rate jurisdictions is addressed. The OECD proposed a Country-by-Country ("CbC") methodology whereby certain information is required to be disclosed within a Country-by-Country Reporting Template ("the CbC Template"). The main purpose of the CbC Template is to assist tax administrations to identify risks related to base erosion and profit shifting; also, and where applicable, data collected via the CbC Template can be used for economic and statistical analysis. The OECD is of the view that the CbC Template in assisting tax administrators to determine transfer pricing risk, will serve as a high-level risk assessment indicator for transfer pricing. Accordingly, the main aim of the CbC Template is to be a tool for tax administrators to identify and consequently ensure that the revenue of a country is not eroded unfairly. The objective of this paper is to review the CbC Template from a South African perspective and to determine the consequences for taxpayers arising from the information required to be disclosed. It follows that this paper will focus, in particular, on the challenges and consequences that exist within a South African context for a South African taxpayer conducting business in different tax jurisdictions. The paper will further analyse the CbC Template requirements in light of the legislative requirements for Transfer Pricing Documentation in South Africa.
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Cox, Samuel P. "Slavery and a Low Country South Carolina Merchant-Planter Elite: The Dilemma of Henry Laurens." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625842.
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Benjelloul, Fatima-Zahrae. "The Paradox of Sustainability in Morocco as a Developing Country| Ambitions and Challenges." Thesis, The American University of Paris (France), 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13871682.
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<p> Morocco, an emerging nation, is working to contribute to long-term commitments regarding environmental and social sustainability on both local and global levels. Given the urgency of the ecological and social crisis, which is clearly evident at national, regional, and international levels, sustainable development is a response by all actors to reconsider global economic growth in order to take account of the environmental, cultural and social issues in the same balanced development approach. Several initiatives have been introduced in recent years in all areas related to sustainable development, starting with the national human development initiative, the Green Morocco plan, the 2020 Vision for Tourism, among many others (Bilali.2016). Morocco recently received international recognition as the hosts and organizers for the COP22 conference in November 2016. This is the second COP conference they’ve spearheaded, the first being COP7, which took place in 2001. (Zaierg.2016). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept that is intended to empower companies in their engagement with social and ecological responsibilities of the communities in which they operate and have impact. CSR is implemented within companies through different levers including: human resource management, public affairs, and supply chain management. The processes these business levers carry out are meant to support corporate development to embody more humane and responsible actions, as well as to improve the image of the company in the eyes of its employees and the world at large. CSR is one of the central social pillars defined to achieve sustainable development (World Finance.n.d.2014). As Morocco’s economy develops, companies are faced with the obligation to follow this international approach on sustainability and to construct strategies with long-lasting advantages to support the efficiency and performance of their companies. Despite the recent launch of a wide array of sustainably focused commitments, the country is still poorly ranked according to OECD, ILO, UNDP, and WEF (Hespress.2016). It is within these reports that the gap between Morocco’s highly publicized image and the reality is made painfully clear. What was intended to help progress the countries’ sustainable development may not be feasible in its current state, definitely, drastic changes are needed. (Wilkes.2016)</p><p>
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Weight, Donovan Stoddard. ""Come Recently from Guinea": Control and Power in the African-Descended Illinois Country, 1719-1848." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/227.
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During the eighteenth century, African slavery played a fundamental role in the lives of settlers in the Illinois Country. The master class viewed slavery in terms of control meaning the complete domination of the slave system. Lawmakers, first the French bureaucracy and later (to a lesser extent) the Americans, pursued control through legislation. The most notable slave code was the French, Code Noir de la Louisiane, which tried to specifically address every conceivable slave situation. French settlers in the area also sought control of the slave system through the selective implementation of the law. African-descended people viewed slavery in terms of power. Slavery created imbalances in the lives of these people that they tried to rectify through accessing both spiritual and temporal power. The mode of accessing spiritual power that African-descended enslaved people in the Illinois Country used demonstrates a West-Central-African mindset and is best understood within the context of the African Atlantic Diaspora. Though the Illinois Country changed colonial hands several times from 1673 to 1818, the population makeup and slave system remained relatively unchanged until the massive influx of American settlers at the turn of the nineteenth century. During the beginning of the American administration of the Illinois Country, some French slaveholders integrated into the American indenture system, others remained aloof, and most moved to the Missouri side of the Mississippi River. The coming of the Americans eventually brought about the end of the French settlers and their enslaved people as separately identifiable entities in the Illinois Country.
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Mashigo, Given Rosina. "Experiences of the spouses of South African diplomats during posting in a foreign country." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46175.
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The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of the spouses of South African diplomats on a posting in a foreign country. The study focused on the factors that enabled or hindered effective adjustment during posting. Research conducted showed that one of the greatest challenges facing international assignments is that organisations do not only deal with an employee but the whole family, their needs and expectations in the relocation process. The adjustment constraints in this study referred to pre-departure preparation, support provided by the Department, religion and cultural differences or similarities, foreign language, environmental factors and personal health.
A qualitative research approach was applied. Data was collected through a semi-structured interview schedule. The study was conducted among nine (9) spouses who returned from posting between 2009 and 2011. Some of the spouses completed the posting whilst others returned prematurely due to adjustment problems.
The findings indicated inconsistencies on how the Department prepares and supports spouses before and during posting; and that cultural and religious differences, foreign language competence and environmental factors have a considerable impact on the adjustment of spouses in a foreign country. Social support network, particularly the Embassy staff and diplomatic spouses’ associations play a crucial role in helping spouses to adjust. The study also found that spouses’ inability to adjust can result in early termination of posting. The recommendations are that the Department should review the training curriculum and provide support to spouses during the posting. The study will benefit the department, the diplomats and spouses in future postings.<br>Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2014.<br>tm2015<br>Social Work and Criminology<br>MSW<br>Unrestricted
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Macabela, Monwabisi Victor. "Country and city: a study of autobiographical tropes in Ncumisa Vapi's novel Litshona limpume." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11945.
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Includes bibliographical references.<br>The title of this thesis, Country and City - Autobiographical tropes in Ncumisa Vapi's Litshona Liphume arises out of a complex understanding of the author's narrative and literary intentions. Country refers to the fact that the story is set in a specifically named rural area in the Eastern Cape in the late 1960s and early 1970s. City on the other hand does not refer to any particular city, but is rather a symbol of changed and challenge, of opportunity and wealth but also of a world view deficient in tradition and spiritual connection with the land and the ancestors.
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Bäckman, Kartal Helin. "How to empower a country using informal financial systems : Stokvels, the South African economical saviour." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-162540.
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This study is a Minor Field Study (MFS), which is a Sida funded scholarship who made this field study possible. With an institutionalist approach, this field study aims to outline the foundational reasons behind peoples’ participation in the South African informal financial stokvel system. In order to do that, interviews have been made trying to identify what roles normative, cultural and economic factors play in peoples’ decisions, why individuals’ find that the stokvel system is a better choice than other systems, and also to explore what individuals experience distinguish the informal and formal economic systems. The study has been conducted in South Africa, in the province KwaZuluNatal, and twenty-five persons has been interviewed in order to get the people perspective. Results show that both normative, cultural and economic factors appear as important, but that the economic factors play the overall biggest role for joining a stokvel. Both the main differences between the formal and informal system, and the reasons why individuals find that the stokvel system is the best system of choice, can be traced back to trust and trust issues.
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Parrett, Lianne. "Big women in a small country : negotiating female career success under the Gambian gender lens." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270780.
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Lower, Jonathan Scott. "The American Blues: Men, Myths, and Motifs." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1340154289.
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Wolters, Rachel M. ""We Heard Canada Was a Free Country": African American Migration in the Great Plains, 1890-1911." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1483.
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This study uses a transnational lens to examine the migration of Black Americans from Oklahoma to Canada in the early 20th century. Although scholars have documented this movement, they have not fully explored the vital and durable transnational connections among African American immigrants themselves. The use of family histories, newspaper articles, and immigration files show how black migrants searched for land and equality in Canada and attempted to build all black communities. Encouraged by the promises of Canadian immigration recruiters, black migrants left their homes and Jim Crowism in Oklahoma to settle in a “free country” and to realize the goals of American citizenship in a foreign land. But, Canada wanted white—not black—American settlers and immigration officials closed to African Americans the once porous boundary between the U.S. and Canada. Canadian authorities recognized the power of transnational connections among black migrants in promoting migration and settlement and, ironically, by effectively sabotaging that network, they ensured that African Americans had to abandon their quest for equality and opportunity in Western Canada.
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Steenkamp, Ermie Annelies. "The identification of export opportunities for South African products with special reference to Africa / Ermie Annelies Steenkamp." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/5605.
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This thesis identifies realistic export opportunities for South African products in the rest of the world and specifically in the rest of the African continent. The method chosen to achieve this goal is the Decision Support Model (DSM) developed by Cuyvers et al (1995) and Cuyvers (1997) that was specifically designed to assist export promotion institutions in planning and assessing their export promotion activities. This model is positioned into the international market selection literature and four main refinements to the DSM methodology are introduced to address the limitations of the model and to make it more applicable for the South African international trade conditions. The refined model is then applied to identify product–country combinations with the largest export potential for South Africa in the rest of the world and in the rest of the African continent specifically.
The refinements to the DSM filtering process introduced in this study contribute to the effective use and application of the DSM results by South African exporters and more focused export promotion activities by South African export promotion organisations. The four refinements include (i) running the DSM on a HS 6–digit level, (ii) introducing a method to calculate the potential export value of each identified export opportunity in order to prioritise between the product–country combinations identified as realistic export opportunities, (iii) taking the production capacity of South Africa into consideration in order to identify export opportunities that can be pursued immediately due to the country's existing revealed comparative advantage in the production and exportation of these products and (iv) developing a market accessibility index per product–country combination from a South African point of view on a HS 6–digit level in order to make filter 3.2 (barriers to trade) of the DSM applicable for South African conditions.
The results of the application of the refined DSM to identify export opportunities for South Africa in the rest of the world include the top 50 worldwide export opportunities. There are 17 countries in which the top 50 worldwide product–country combinations identified as export opportunities for South Africa are located. These include the United States, Japan, India, the United Kingdom, Canada, China, Germany, Israel, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, Australia, Belgium, Singapore, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Italy and Brazil. Mineral products (coal, copper and aviation spirit); transportation products (1500 - 3000 cc automobile engines and diesel powered trucks); stone/glass (diamonds, platinum and rhodium) and metals (aluminium, iron/steel structures, nickel) are the product classifications within the top 50 worldwide product–country combinations that hold the largest worldwide export potential for South Africa.
In terms of the product–country combinations with the highest export potential for South Africa in the rest of the African continent, there are 18 countries in which the top 50 product–country combinations for South Africa in the rest of the African continent are located. These include Nigeria, Namibia, Ghana, Morocco, Egypt, Zambia, Tunisia, Kenya, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Mauritius, Tanzania, Senegal, Mozambique, Algeria, Malawi and Cote d'Ivoire. The products with the highest potential export values in the top 50 product–country combinations for South Africa in Africa include mineral products (aviation spirit, iron ore, sulphur and coal) and transportation products (1500 - 3000 cc automobile engines and diesel powered trucks weighing less than 5 tons).<br>Thesis (Ph.D. (International Trade))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Simpson, Tiwanna Michelle. "'She has her country marks very conspicuous in the face' : African culture and community in early Georgia /." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486549482672375.
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Ikeda, James Chiyoki. ""Black is a Country"| The Impact of the Cuban Revolution on American Black Radical Solidarities." Thesis, Tufts University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10276727.
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<p> This Master’s thesis looks at the solidarities of black radicals in the mid-20<sup>th</sup> century and traces how they evolved in contact with the Cuban Revolution. I argue that the Cuban Revolution refracted and altered existing threads of black radical solidarity by acting as a discursive site for theorizing and debating the tactics and ideology of black freedom. This resulted in the strengthening of black American Third World identity, the proliferation of a colonial understanding of the black condition, and the development of competing forms of black nationalism. This thesis positions the Cuban Revolution as a definitive moment in black radical intellectual history which did not necessarily originate any of the major threads of black radical solidarity, but which had a profound impact on the ways that the animating ideas of mid-20<sup>th</sup> century black radicalism were theorized and expressed from the 1960s through the 1970s and beyond.</p><p>
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Goshe, Girma Aman. "Associations Between Income, Acculturation, Country of Origin, and Type II Diabetes Among African Immigrants to Ontario, Canada." Thesis, Walden University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13428190.
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<p> Diabetes has become a longstanding public health challenge around the world. Over the last 3 decades, the number of people with Type II diabetes (T2DM) has grown to an epidemic level in Canada. Prior research indicated African immigrants residing in Ontario, Canada experienced a 2–4 times higher prevalence of T2DM than Canadian-born individuals. The social determinants of health theoretical framework guided this study assessing the relationship of the risk factors with T2DM. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was employed using the 2007–2014 Canadian Community Health Survey data. The random sample included 1,526 African immigrants residing in Ontario, Canada. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted. Study results indicated a lower income level, high acculturation index, and a country of origin significantly associated with T2DM in adjusted and unadjusted binary logistic regression models. Using the results of the study to create a valid and reliable acculturation measurement scale and a cultural-based design of public health programs, increase awareness, and change policies that consider the needs of the sample populations could lead to positive social change by curbing the prevalence of T2DM observed in African immigrants residing in Ontario and Canada at large.</p><p>
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Simpson, Tiwanna Michelle. "“She has her country marks very conspicuous in the face”: African Culture and Community in Early Georgia." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1039397619.
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Wever, Jerry Lowell. "Dancing the Habanera beats (in country music): empire rollover and postcolonial creolizations in St. Lucia." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1190.
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This dissertation seeks to ethnographically explain an apparent paradox: the tremendous popularity of U.S. country & western (C&W) in postcolonial St. Lucia. The music's reputation as a "white" expressive form contradicts the decolonization ethos of a young, predominantly Afro-creole nation and appears to challenge an emerging St. Lucian postcolonial identity. I show how St. Lucians use C&W to effect significant continuities with Afro-creole culture. Its creolization in the St. Lucian context makes C&W a compelling expression of post-colonial identity. I argue that with considerable genius, St. Lucians have creolized ways to dance to C&W much as they creolized European country and court dances in earlier centuries. In this instance, however, the music was already more creole than is customarily admitted. St. Lucians make U.S. C&W their own by curating songs with a particular Caribbean resonance, creolizing the dance on habanera beats, and syncretizing it with marginalized Afro-St. Lucian folk practices. Denying simplistic cultural imperialism, St. Lucians have reclaimed C&W, highlighting its under-acknowledged but already creole ingredients, merging it with their own Afrocreole folk forms, and transforming it into a music of black social experience.
The dialogic continuities are many: storytelling; working-class and real-life themes; social dance context of communal, cross-island exchanges; instruments and genres from Africa, including fiddle and banjo, yodel and drum; updating of the already creolized Kwadril complex; and, perhaps most revealing, the way the dance creolization incorporates the habanera beat. Given these continuities, the popularity of country & western in St. Lucia seems virtually over-determined rather than counter-intuitive.
To analyze this specific challenge of cultural decolonization, I develop the concepts of "postcolonial creolizations" and "empire rollover." I trace the varied meanings of the term creole--and suggest that its variability should be the foundation of theoretical potency. I use Bakhtinian notions of intertextuality to examine how expressive forms from different worlds come into dialogue with each other, and show how the conversations eventually produce new creations. I show how postcolonial creolizations prompt us to rethink how power relations get reconfigured in postcolonial contexts. I argue that by attending to ways that postcolonial actors are shaping creolization processes now, we can better understand how colonial and modern imperial forces come together to challenge meaningful decolonization and sovereignty. I call this convergence process "empire rollover." This refers to the uneven processes involved as one form of imperialism gives way to subsequent imperial relations. I use this concept to answer important questions regarding the degree to which power is reclaimed in postcolonial transformation of expressive culture and to what extent creolization is decolonized. I show how the St. Lucia banana industry case epitomizes the phenomena economically wherein colonial-type benefits rollover to a new imperial power (U.S.) and continue to accrue, while advantages gained during decolonization do not. The C&W case, in contrast, shows how St. Lucians use "imperialist" forms in creative, distinctively St. Lucian ways, such that it is not simply an expression of neocolonial relations.
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Ozodiegwu, Ifeoma D., Hadii M. Mamudu, Liang Wang, et al. "Country-Level Analysis of the Association Between Maternal Obesity and Neonatal Mortality in 34 Sub-Saharan African Countries." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5334/aogh.2510.
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Background: Prior work examining the association of maternal obesity and neonatal mortality indicate the presence of a positive relationship. However, regional evidence to provide insight on country-level heterogeneities within sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with nationally representative datasets are non-existent.
Objective: We aimed to determine the relationship between maternal obesity and neonatal mortality at the country level in SSA countries. Moreover, we also estimate regional measures of association to complement previous findings.
Methods: Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 34 SSA countries conducted from 2006–2016 were used for this study. After missing data (36.9% of cases) were addressed with multiple imputations, we identified a total of 175,860 women for the analysis. Complete case and multiply imputed datasets were analyzed individually with multilevel logistic regression models. Potential confounders adjusted for in the regression model included maternal age, level of educational attainment, area of residence, access to prenatal care, birth order and multiple birth (singleton vs twin birth). Regional and country-specific associations were computed, and unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs), along with the confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.
Findings: Of the total study population, 8,451 (7.6%) were obese. In the regional level analyses, maternal obesity was associated with 40% increased odds of neonatal deaths. This finding was consistent in subgroup analyses by urban and rural residence, and geographic region of residence in SSA. Additionally, obese women were more likely to report neonatal death in the first week of life (OR, days 0–1: 1.39, 95% CI 1.15–1.69; OR, days 2–6: 1.35, 95% CI 1.02–1.79). In the individual country analyses, majority of the countries studied had central estimates supporting elevated odds of neonatal mortality, but the confidence intervals were imprecise.
Conclusion: This study highlights the potential burden of neonatal mortality borne by obese women in SSA. There is, however, a need for longitudinal studies to confirm the results.
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Prinsloo, Oleta. "The case of "The dyed-in-the-wool abolitionists" in Mark Twain country, Marion County, Missouri : an examination of a slaveholding community's response to radical abolitionism in the 1830s and 1840s /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3115582.
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Capdeville, Emily. "The Negotiation of Writing in a Plurilingual Country: An Ethnography of the Malian Literary Scene." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12969.
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In the West African country of Mali, fourteen languages are recognized by the constitution as official. Of these, one is French, the language of the former colonial power, and the other thirteen are indigenous African languages. These languages have traditionally been used for oral communication and storytelling, but as the technology of writing has been introduced, the languages have been codified and used by some writers in creative writing.
This thesis explores the reasons writers in this plurilingual environment select the language in which they write. It provides a portrait of how writers perceive their role in the traditionally oral culture of Mali. Through an examination of connected institutions such as education and development, my work exposes the different forces that shape the choices made by these writers.
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Kadiri, Joseph. "The Role of Diamonds in Sierra Leone's History and Conflict. : ''A study based on the West African country Sierra Leone''." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-9320.
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Natural resources as well as mineral resources are one among several important factors needed for the existence of human beings, and many countries which posses few of these resources are likely to improve in development. But the opposite has been seen in many underdeveloped country’s that are rich in natural resources, but they still lack development, and above all they suffer from conflict in their societies. The aim of this study is to look into the role which diamonds has played in the conflict between Sierra Leonean government and the Revolutionary United Front (RUF). And also to relate the behavior’s of both parties in the 1991 conflict to the issue of greed and grievance in detecting the actual causes. I was able to conclude in my study that diamonds in Sierra Leone was not the main cause of the conflict, but it acted as a propelling factor, due to its ability to prolong the war by generating income for both rebels and government. But grievances emerging from Sierra Leone’s history are more likely to have been the main driving force for the rebellion which took place.
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Roux, Karla Christelle. "Developing of a model to determine the default bond spreads of African countries in the absence of active bond markets." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19799.
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Thesis (MBA) -- Stellenbosch University, 2010.<br>As major corporate entities are investing into Sub-Saharan Africa and other African countries at a
fast pace, percentages like the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) and the impairment
discount rate, are becoming important measurements of assessing current investments for
impairment and/or proposals of future capital investments. One of the important constituents of
these percentages is the country/equity risk premium. The country risk premium can be defined as
the price for taking risk for investing in that specific country. A widely used method to determine
the country risk premium is to multiply the country bond default spread with an equity to bond
market risk adjustment.
Country bond default spreads are the spreads that investors charge for buying bonds issued by the
country. These ratings measure default risk, rather than equity risk, but they are affected by many
factors that drive equity risk, like the stability of a country’s currency, the budget and trade
balances and the political stability. Analysis that uses spreads as a measure of country risk,
usually adds them to both the cost of equity and debt of entities that trade in that country.
There are several ways in determining the bond default spreads, but it is most often done in a
random and unsystematic manner. Two of the major obstacles in determining these spreads for
countries, especially countries of sub-Saharan Africa, are when countries do not issue bonds in
another currency such as Euro or US dollar and/or do not have a sovereign credit rating.
What could also be a measure of country risk, are the two major country risk polls conducted
globally: 1) Euromoney Country Risk Poll; and 2) PRS (Political Risk Group) Composite Risk
Ratings. Most of sub-Saharan African countries form part of these risk polls. The usefulness of
the PRS scores as a measure of country risk has been previously examined to find that they are
correlated with the cost of capital of emerging markets.
The aim of the research is to overcome the obstacles in determining default spreads for countries
such as sub-Saharan Africa where bond markets are inactive and/or sovereign credit ratings are
not assigned, by deriving a predictive model. The predictive model is derived by analysing the
relationship between the available estimated default spreads that are assigned to a specific
country, depending on their Moody’s sovereign local currency rating and the countries’ respective
country risk scores conducted by Euromoney and PRS respectively. The stability of the
relationship is also analysed by comparing the prediction of the sub-Saharan’s Africa default
spreads based on the 2010 predictive model to the analyses conducted on 2008 data sets.
Other similar models have been developed, but this model is focused on the total risk score of a
country and not only on the credit risk or related constituents. One of the definitions of country risk
is that it relates to the likelihood that changes in the business environment will occur that reduce
the profitability of doing business in a country, which can negatively affect operating profits as well
as the value of assets. One can conclude that this derived model is a good reflection of prevailing
political and economic stability of the countries and a useful measure of country risk that can be
used in assessing the profitability of current investments in a specific country and for proposals of
future capital investments.
Key words: Country bond default spreads, Sovereign credit ratings, Euromoney risk scores, PRS
composite ratings, sub-Saharan African countries.
27
Faull, Andrew. "“Because the country says they have to change” : an analysis of a diversity intervention and its effects on a South African Police Service station." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8111.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references.<br>The shift from apartheid to a constitutional democracy in South Africa, brought with it a plethora of questions concerning ideas of nationhood, citizenship, and organisational transformation. Integrally caught up in the revolution, the South Africa Police Service (SAPS) faces transformative challenges on scales far larger than most other organisations in the country. From being the strong arm of the oppressive elite, it has has to restructure and rearticulate its function while simultaneously attempting to maintain law and order. Like many other corporations and organisations, the SAPS has engaged in interventions aimed at aiding the fluidity of this process. This thesis is an analysis of one such intervention. It attempts to ascertain the extent to which members are changing as a result of particular diversity workshops conducted in a region of the Western Cape.
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Sylla, Keba. "Addressing the Brain Drain of African Medical Professionals to Western Countries." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1304510596.
Full text
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Mulder, F. Adele. "Bodies and borders : space and subjectivity in three South African texts." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2444.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA (English))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis interrogates the relationship between body, subjectivity and space in three antipastoral novels. The texts which I will be discussing, Karel Schoeman’s This Life, Anne Landsman’s The Devil’s Chimney and J.M. Coetzee’s In the Heart of the Country, all foreground the female protagonist’s relationship to a specifically South African landscape in a colonial time-frame. The inter-relatedness between the body, subjectivity and space is explored in order to show that there is a shifting interaction between these registers in the novels. Arising from this interaction, the importance of perspective as a way of being in the world is foregrounded. The approach adopted in this study is based on the assumption that our experience depends upon how we make meaning of the world through our bodies as we encounter people, places and objects. The lived, embodied experience is always a subjective experience.
The conceptual framework is derived broadly from psychoanalysis and phenomenology. My primary concern in this study is how marginal subject positions are explored in the space of the South African farm, which, traditionally, is an ideologically fraught locus of Afrikaner patriarchy and oppression. The novels are narrated by distinctive female voices, each speaking differently, but all having the effect of undermining and exposing the hegemony of the patriarchal farm space. In all three novels the question of genre is involved as forming the space of the text itself. The novels speak to the tradition of the plaasroman and the pastoral and, in doing so, open up a conversation with the past.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis word die verhouding tussen die liggaam, subjektiwiteit en ruimte ondersoek in drie romans wat teen die pastorale literêre tradisie spreek. Die betrokke romans is This Life deur Karel Schoeman, The Devil’s Chimney deur Anne Landsman en In the Heart of the Country deur J.M. Coetzee. Die romans speel af in ‘n koloniale tydperk waar die vroulike protagonis se verhouding met die Suid-Afrikaanse landskap op die voorgrond gestel word. Die verwantskap tussen die liggaam, subjektiwiteit en ruimte word ondersoek om die interaksie tussen hierdie drie konsepte ten toon te stel. Wat vanuit hierdie interaksie voortspruit is die ontologiese rol wat perspektief speel as wyse om met die wêreld te verkeer. Hierdie studie benader die romans vanuit die siening dat die mens se ervaring afhang van hoe hy/sy die wêreld verstaan deur die interaksie tussen die liggaam en ander mense, ruimtes en objekte. Die beliggaamde ervaring is dus ‘n subjektiewe ervaring.
Die konsepsuele raamwerk van hierdie ondersoek is afgelei van psigoanalise en fenomenologie. Die kern van hierdie studie is om te ondersoek hoe die posisie van die randfiguur in die ruimte van die Suid-Afrikaanse plaas ten toon gestel word. Die plaas is tradisioneel ‘n ideologiese bestrede ruimte van Afrikaner patriargie en onderdrukking. Die romans word verhaal deur drie kenmerkende en verskillende vroulike stemme wat dien om die hegemonie van die patriargale opset op die plase te ondermyn en ontbloot. Die vraagstuk van genre is in al drie romans betrokke aangesien genre die ruimte van die teks self uitmaak. Die romans spreek teen die tradisie van die plaasroman en die pastorale roman en tree sodoende in gesprek met die verlede.
30
Young, Kyla Morgan. "Out at the Barrel: The Search for Citizenship at Cracker Barrel Old Country Store." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366281032.
Full text
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Guilamo, Daly. "Fear of a Black Country: Dominican Anti-Haitianism, the Denial of Racism, and Contradictions in the Aftermath of the 2010 Earthquake." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/230709.
Full textAbstract:
African American Studies<br>Ph.D.<br>The Dominican Republic (DR) and Haiti are two Caribbean countries that share the same island, Hispaniola, and a tumultuous history. Both countries' historical relationship is ridden with geopolitical conflict stemming from the DR creating an unwelcoming environment for Haitian immigrants. This dissertation is a interdisciplinary study that investigates how Dominican thinkers play a significant role in creating the intellectual impetus that encourages anti-Haitian sentiment throughout Dominican society in the aftermath of the 2010 earthquake. In this dissertation I examine how Dominican anti-Haitian ideals, as delineated by Dominican nationalist intellectuals, that I refer to as Defensive Dominican Nationalists (DDN), continue to resonate amongst "everyday" Dominicans and within the recently amended 2010 Dominican constitution that denies citizenship to Dominicans of Haitian descent in the aftermath of the earthquake. I conclude that although the new constitution reinforces the anti-Haitian ideals espoused by conservative Dominican elite thinkers, "everyday" Dominicans, in the post 2010 earthquake timeframe, rejected some of the DDN's beliefs concerning the true definition of Dominican-ness and how the Dominican government had recently amended its constitution. My methodology, consists of literary analysis, a survey, and focus group interviews conducted on both Dominicans and Haitians residing in the DR. Unexpectedly, I found that documented Haitians and second generation Dominicans of Haitian descent actually oppose the new influx of Haitian immigrants adopting some of the anti-Haitian attitudes of the DDN. In essence, this dissertation diagnoses a racial problem emanating from geopolitical conflict and the tumultuous history between Dominican and Haitian society.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Areff, Sameer. "Foreign direct investment by South African companies in the Peoples Republic of China : opportunities and risks." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53431.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study addresses the topic of foreign direct investment in the People's Republic of
China (P.Re.) by South African companies, focusing on opportunities and risks in the
context of 'South-South Co-operation' between the P.RC. and South Africa. Relations
between the two developing countries have only been forged since January 1998 when
South Africa recognised the P.RC. government as the dejure representative of China.
With the Chinese market of 1.3 billion potential consumers proving to be a lucrative
opportunity for all international, multinational and transnational companies, it is
imperative for South African companies to gain a foothold in the Chinese market.
Therefore, entry requirements as well as impediments that could emerge have to be
scrutinised. Analysis of governmental relations currently being forged between the two
states is assessed as well as the wider context of 'Sino-Africa' co-operation. China's
recent entry into the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has and will continue to have a
substantial effect on the international trading system. The implications of this for South
African companies is given considerable attention in order to highlight resulting
opportunities.
Apart from assessmg the current state of relations and identifying investment and
business opportunities, the study also focuses on the method of conducting business in
China which has highly complex rules and regulations for companies entering the P.RC.
An analysis of the different modes of entry is conducted, coupled with a focus on the
cultural sensitivities and norms that are associated with building relationships when
negotiating possible business partnerships. The study finally identifies potential risks that
foreign direct investors need to continually assess, namely, the transfer of political power
to a new generation of relatively young leaders, corruption that is spreading within China
and the restructuring of State Owned Enterprises (SOE's) and the inevitable consequence
of job losses.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie spreek die onderwerp van buitelandse direkte investering in die
Volksrepubliek van Sjina (VRS) deur Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappye aan, en fokus op
geleenthede en risikos in die konteks van 'Suid-Suid samewerking' tussen die VRS en
Suid-Afrika. Betrekkings tussen die twee ontwikkelende lande is eers onlangs
gesmee nadat Suid-Afrika in Januarie 1998 die VRS as die dejure verteenwoordiger
van Sjina erken het.
Met In Sjinese mark van meer as 1.3 miljard potensiële verbruikers wat In
winsgewende geleentheid vir alle internasionale, multinasionale en transnasionale
maatskappye skep, is dit imperatief vir Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappye om hulself in
die Sjinese mark te vestig. Dus moet toegangsvereistes asook moontlike hindernisse
noukeurig ondersoek word. Die studie doen 'n analise van betrekkings wat huidiglik
tussen die twee state se regerings gesmee word, en die breër konteks van
samewerking tussen Sjina en Afrika word ook geëvalueer. Die VRS se onlangse
toetrede tot die Wêreldhandelsorganisasie (WHO) het en sal aanhou om 'n wesenlike
impak op die internasionale handelsstelsel te hê. Daar word ook aansienlike aandag
geskenk aan die implikasies hiervan vir Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappye om sodoende
geleenthede uit te lig.
Bo en behalwe 'n evaluering van die huidige stand van betrekkings en 'n identifisering
van beleggings- en besigheidsgeleenthede, fokus hierdie studie ook op die manier
waarop besigheid in Sjina onderneem word, wat uiters gekompliseerde reëls en
regulasies insluit vir maatskappye wat die land betree. 'n Analise van die verskillende
wyses van toegang is onderneem, tesame met 'n fokus op die kulturele sensitiwiteite
en norme wat 'n invloed op die bou van verhoudings tydens die onderhandeling van
moontlike besigheidsvennootskappe kan hê. Laastens identifiseer die studie
potensiële risikos wat buitelandse direkte beleggers voortdurend in ag moet neem,
naamlik die oordrag van mag na 'n nuwe generasie van relatief jong leiers, die
verspreiding van korrupsie, die herstrukturering van staatskorporasies en die
onvermydelike gevolge van werksverliese.
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Odendaal, Daniel Jacobus. "AGOA III and the proposed Free Trade Agreement between SACU and the USA : implications of a Free Trade Agreement with an industrialised country for SACU." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21982.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2007.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The SACU bloc, which accounts for one-half of the subcontinent's GDP, is the largest market
for the US exports in SSA (Langton, January 2005). Wide differences exist among the
economies of SACU - while SA has developed a significant manufacturing and industrial
capacity, the other countries remain dependent on agriculture and mineral extraction. The
grouping is dominated by SA, which accounts for 87% of the population, and 93% of the GDP of
the customs area. SACU member states had a combined real GDP of $201bn in 2003. Services
made up 65% of SA Trade in 2003 and had become a major player.
In 2003, SACU was the 32nd largest trading partner of the US with two-way trade equivalent \
$7.3bn. Merchandise imports from SACU totaled $5.6bn in 2003, a 17.3% increase from 2002
and a 126% increase from 1996. They were composed of minerals such as platinum, diamonds,
and titanium, textiles and apparel, vehicles, and automotive parts. Major US exports to the region
include aircraft, vehicles, computers, and construction and agricultural equipment. Services trade
between the US and SA has increased dramatically for both countries, with US exports
increasing 154% and service imports from SA increasing by 383% respectively since 1992. The
stock of US FDI in SA totaled $3.9bn in 2003 and was centered around manufacturing
chemicals and services.
The main economic objective of FTAs is to reduce trade barriers between member countries and
liberalize trade and investment rules (Kanoute, November 2005). This improves market access
which is the key to foreign export earnings and investment. But market access is a door that
swings both ways, opening local markets to a flood of imports. This can undermine domestic
production and employment, and thus exacerbate poverty. Some US civil society organizations
have expressed concern that a SACU FTA could have negative consequences for poor Southern
Africans, citing potential adjustment costs for import-competing farmers, poor enforcement of
labour rights, privatization of utilities, and increased restrictions on importing generic drugs to
treat HIV/AIDS (Langton, January 2005).
The proposed FTA is ambitious, especially given the tight deadline and the broad range of topics
on the negotiating table (Zunckel, Tralac). These include not only tariffs on goods, as is
traditional in trade talks, but the wider global economic panoply of agriculture, rules of origin
intellectual property, trade in services, investment, government procurement, trade remedies,
labour, environmental standards and trade dispute settlement. The US gains reciprocity by
gaining improved access to the SACU market than it currently enjoys under AGOA.
The IP and "TRIPS plus" provisions are of particular concern to consumers (www.tralac.org.)
Ongoing developments at the multilateral level bode against the advisability of entering into
binding bilateral agreements with less favourable provisions on essential medicines. Foreign
investment could lead to greater industrialization within SACU and competition within local
industry, boosting efficiency. But safeguards and industrial policy must be utilized effectively to
protect the region's developmental goals. Reliance on domestic courts as the forum of first
instance (and state-to-state dispute settlements should those fail) is preferable, as it allows greater
possibilities of defending the public interest of SACU citizens over investors' interests (Langton,
January 2005).
Reaching consensus on negotiating strategy in SACU is no easy feat. Formal negotiations began
in June 2003, but talks have made little progress over the past years. The interests of the five
different countries, at differing stages of development, have to be reconciled (Draper. 2004). No
doubt SA, with its diverse array of interests relative to its BLNS partners in the customs union,
will drive this. SACU negotiators, in common with those in many developing countries, have
great difficulty in understanding, let alone mobilizing, their services sectors. Hence they have
adopted a defensive posture, favouring liberalization only in those (few) sub-sectors that are well
understood. SACU has formally accepted an offer made by the US to progress a so-called trade
and investment cooperation agreement (TICA). Prior negotiation will be needed among SACU
countries, who clearly have an interest in coordinating its negotiation with other US bilateral
negotiating partners (Whalley & Leith, December 2003).
34
Oliveira, Marilia Fatima de. "O permitido e o proibido na literatura em tempos de repressão: a censura e os romances In the heart of the country, Waiting for barbarians e Life & times of Michael K, de JM Coetzee." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-09012014-115944/.
Full textAbstract:
Essa pesquisa investiga as causas do não banimento dos romances In the Heart of the Country, Waiting for the Barbarians e Life & Times of Michael K, do escritor sul-africano JM Coetzee, escritos e publicados durante o apartheid, período em que a censura atuava com severidade sobre os discursos da nação, incluindo o literário. A hipótese que norteou o trabalho questionava se as obras mencionadas apresentariam sinais de autocensura por parte do autor. A análise textual dos romances, porém, na intersecção com o momento histórico, revelava ao longo do trabalho que havia outros fatores influenciando a decisão dos censores, conforme demonstramos nesta pesquisa. Para chegarmos às nossas conclusões, analisamos as cartas trocadas entre o autor e suas editoras, os relatórios oficiais deixados pelos censores e os romances a partir da visão dos censores. A intersecção dessas fontes apontou para o fato de que não somente o autor praticou consciente ou inconscientemente algum tipo de autocensura, mas também os editores e censores, provocando uma reflexão mais ampla sobre o contexto da censura na África do Sul.<br>This research investigates the causes of the non-banishement of the novels In the Heart of the Country, Waiting for the Barbarians, and Life & Times of Michael K, by JM Coetzee, written and published during the times of apartheid, when censorship acted severely on the national narratives, including the literary one. The hypothesis guiding this work questioned whether the above mentioned novels would present signs of selfcensorship practiced by the author. However, as we proceed with our investigation, the textual analysis of the novels in intersection with their moment in history revealed that there were other factors influencing the censors decisions, as we show in this work. To achieve our conclusions, we have analised letters enchanged between the author and his editors, the official reports left by the censors, and the novels themselves, all from the censors point of view. The intersection with these sources pointed to the fact that not only did the author practice consciously or unconsciously some kind of censorship, but so did the censors who analised his books and his editors, provoking a broader reflection on the context of South African censorship.
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Storo, Christine. "Risk Analysis in Post-Conflict African Countries: Sierra Leone as a Case Study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4158.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA (Political Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Political risk analysis is considered one of the essential ingredients in decision making
processes when investing abroad. The Iranian Revolution and the oil crisis in the 1970s
accentuated this need as investors increasingly felt the need for a proper assessment of the
risks involved in establishing a business in other countries.
Negative images of African countries combined with conventional risk models which are not
able to accurately assess the political risk realities of post-conflict African countries, may be
one of the reasons for why African countries struggle to attract a substantial amount of FDI.
This study suggests that alternative risk models which are more African-orientated may aid in
improving this situation.
This study has analysed the political risk of Sierra Leone using a conventional risk model, and
an African-orientated political risk model. The aim of this study was to assess whether
conventional political risk models need to be adjusted to be able to more accurately assess the
political risk of post-conflict African countries. The main research question guiding this study
was:
Are conventional risk models able to objectively rate the political risk of post-conflict
countries in Africa?
The conclusion of this research was that African-orientated political risk models are able to
more accurately assess the political risk of a post-conflict African country such as Sierra
Leone. This is mainly due to the soft variables used in a political risk model and also the
relationship between the variables included in the models. The African-orientated political
risk model needs to be analysed further, but this research has made clear the need for a reevaluation
of existing political risk models to be better equipped when analysing post-conflict
African countries. This will not only benefit African post-conflict countries in improving their
risk ratings, but also provide foreign investors with a more accurate identification of the
potential political risks facing an investment in post-conflict African countries. It was
acknowledged in this study that the political risk analyses of Sierra Leone were not conducted
by someone who has inside information of the political risk models used which is a limitation
iii
for the results of this study. It is, however, possible to detect potential weaknesses with each
political risk model and possible areas of improvements.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Politieke Risiko Analise word as een van die belangrikste bestandele in die besluitnemingsproses
geag wanneer daar oorsee belê word. Die Iranese Rewolusie en die Olie krisis in die
1970’s het hierdie nood beklemtoon, aangesien beleggers toenemend die belang van deurdagte
assesering van die risikos in verband met die oprigting en instandhouding van besighede
in ander lande erken het.
Negatiewe opvattings van Afrika lande, tesame met konventionele risiko modelle wat nie
geskik is on akkurate asseserings van politike risiko realiteite op te lewer, is dalk van die
redes waarom Afrika lande sukkel om groot Direkte Buitelandse Beleggings te lok. Hierdie
studie stel voor dat alternatiewe risiko modelle wat meer Afrika-gesind van aard is die situasie
kan help oorbrug.
Hierdie studie het die politieke risiko situasie van die Sierra Leone analiseer aangaande‘n
konvensionele riskio model en met behulp van’n Afrika-georienteerde politieke risiko model.
Die studie het gepoog om te assesseer of die konvensionele modelle van politieke risiko
gewysig moet word om in staat te wees om meer akkuraat te oordeel in verband met politieke
risiko in post-konflik Afrika lande. Die hoof navorsingsvraag wat die studie gedryf het is die
volgende: Is die konvensionele risiko modelle in staat om objektief te werk te gaan om die
politieke risiko van post-konflik lande in Afrika te meet?
Die gevolgtrekking van hierdie navorsing is dat die Afrika-georienteerde politieke risiko
modelle meer gepas is om die politike risiko van post-konflik lande soos Sierra Leone te
meet. Dit is hoofsaaklik die geval weens die sagte veranderlikes wat gebruik word in’n
politieke risiko model asook die verband tussen die veranderlikes wat in die model ingesluit
word. Die Afrika-georienteerde politieke risiko model moet verder uitgebrei word, alhoewel
hierdie navorsing dit duidelik maak dat die belang bestaan vir‘n herevaluering van die
bestaande politieke risiko modelle om beter toegerus te wees om analise van post-konflik
Afrika lande uit te voer. Dit word erken dat hierdie studie van die politieke risiko van Sierra
Leone nie uitgevoer was deur iemand wat‘n intieme kennis van politieke risiko modelle het
nie. Dit is uiteindelik wel moontlik on potensiele swak plekke in die mondering van elke
politieke risiko model uit te sonder, en moontlike areas van verbetering voor te stel.
36
Kendal, Rebekah. ""Not rape, not quite that" : an exploration of the rape narratives in J.M. Coetzee's Disgrace and in The Heart of the Country within the South African context." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14602.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references.<br>This dissertation provides a close examination of the rape narratives in J.M. Coetzee's Disgrace and In the Heart of the Country within the South African context. Initially, I briefly explore the proposition that the problem of rape in South Africa is perpetuated by the myths about rape which essentially obfuscate the reality of the incidence of rape. Having established what these myths are and how they are detrimental to our understanding of rape, I explore Coetzee's treatment of them in his own rape narratives. I debate whether Coetzee has simply reproduced existing myths about rape, thus perpetuating the shroud of silence which surrounds the majority of rapes in South Africa, or whether he has provided some sort of critique of the myths which are generally regarded as credible. I suggest that there is a marked development in Coetzee's consciousness and handling of myths about rape from In the Heart of the Country to Disgrace. The conclusion that I reach is that while it seems that Coetzee is critical of certain myths about rape, his criticism is presented in so subtle a manner that its detection is dependent, for a large part, on the integrity of the reader.
37
Westerlund, Olivia Banks. "The Effectiveness of Foreign Aid on Corruption Eradication in Developing Countries’ Institutions. : A Qualitative Case Study Related to International Relations Studies with A Focus on A West African Country: Nigeria." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-82554.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Foreign aid's effectiveness on eradicating corruption is a fragile yet complex topic to research in International Relations. Some scholars argue that economic aid should not be given without specific conditions, while some argue that aid should be given with strict or specific rules to recipient countries. Par contra my research is aimed at examining one recipient country: Nigeria, as a case study which is considered amongst the most corrupt countries in the world yet are highly enriched in natural resources, such as being the major oil-producing country in Africa that boosts the country's GDP per capita through the export trade with foreign countries. And most foreign donor countries allocate economic aid to Nigeria because they are dependent on the country's trade on natural resources. In this research, I used two conceptualised variables of corruption; bribery and facilitate payment, which is considered the most common corruption trends in the Nigerian society, with the aim of analysing the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime's (UNODC) twelve-month survey report conducted in December 2019 in Nigeria. Alongside with the London 2016 Anti-Corruption Summit report, the current agenda agreed by forty countries with over six hundred commitments, which Nigeria participated in—hence creating the national anti-corruption programmes that the current President of Nigeria, Muhammadu Buhari implemented as a commitment to the Summit. Consequently using legitimacy and governance perspectives to analyse the efficacy of aid in Nigeria's institution, and evaluating the country's alliance of economic aid in combating corruption, whilst identifying the state's level of governance towards anti-corruption policies to eradicate corruption. The findings show that the level of corruption in Nigeria is still very much high within the public sectors and shows that three in four citizens encounter a form of corruption such as bribery, daily with a civilian who demands a bribe in exchange for their services. And facilitation payment is considered a common activity of Nigerian citizens to speed up legal procedures with the governmental institutions. Even though the Nigerian government claims that the national anti-corruption policies are effective, the survey still shows that there less amount of reported official persons in the conduct of corruption and also the policies doesn't show a trend that the official persons do abide by the policies because the rate of transparency within the institutions is very much low. Yet these official persons intend to be in denial of collecting bribes or participating in any form of corruption.
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Behanan, Ronia. "The social drift phenomenon : associations between the socio–economic status and cardiovascular disease risk in an African population undergoing a health transition / Ronia Behanan." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/5549.
Full textAbstract:
Background:
The global burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is escalating as part of the rapid health transition that developing countries are experiencing. This increase is associated with shifts in demographics and economics, two of the major factors that affect diet and activity. The term social drift phenomenon (SDP) is used to describe the observations that: in the early stages of the epidemiological and nutrition transitions, it is usually the more affluent, higher socio–economic groups that are affected; in the later stages, it is the poor, lower socio–economic groups that display the consequences of these transitions. Therefore, in developing countries at the beginning of the transition, affluent people have higher prevalence of obesity and increased CVD risk. In developed countries, at much later stages of the transition, obesity and increased CVD risk is more prevalent in the lower socio–economic groups.
In South Africa, the Transition and Health during Urbanisation of South Africans (THUSA) study which was done in 1996/1998 indicated that at that time, most of the risk factors for CVD were observed in the more urbanised (richer) subjects. It is not known if this pattern changed in any way due to the present rapid urbanisation of South African blacks. Therefore, in this study we explored the associations between socio–economic status (SES) (measured by level of urbanisation, education and employment) and CVD risk factors in an African population undergoing transition in the North–West Province of South Africa, that were prevalent in 2005 when the baseline data for in the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study were collected.
Objectives:
The main objective of this dissertation was to examine the SDP in an African population in a nutrition and health transition, by: (i) Reviewing the literature on associations between socio–economic variables and biological health outcomes focusing on CVD risk factors in developed and developing countries; (ii) Analysing the baseline data from the 2005 PURE study to examine the relationships between components of SES, namely level of
iii
urbanisation, education and occupation, and nutrition–related CVD risk factors in men and women participating in the PURE study; and (iii) Comparing results on these associations between CVD risk factors and SES from the PURE study with those found in the THUSA study, which was conducted almost 10 years earlier, to examine if social drift in these associations has taken place.
Study design:
The dissertation is based on a comparison of the CVD risk factors and socio–economic status of the THUSA and PURE studies. Secondary analysis of the baseline cross–sectional epidemiological data from the PURE study was executed. The South African PURE study is part of a 12–year Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study which investigates the health transition in urban and rural subjects in 22 different countries. The main selection criterion was that there should be migration stability within the chosen rural and urban communities. The rural community (A) was identified 450 km west of Potchefstroom on the highway to Botswana. A deep rural community (B), 35 km east from A and only accessible by gravel road, was also included. Both communities are still under tribal law. The urban communities (C and D) were chosen near the University in Potchefstroom. Community C was selected from Ikageng, the established part of the township next to Potchefstroom, and D from the informal settlements surrounding community C. The baseline data for PURE were collected from October to December 2005. A total of 2010 apparently healthy African volunteers (35 years and older), with no reported chronic diseases of lifestyle, tuberculosis (TB) or known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were recruited from a sample of 6000 randomly selected households.
Methods:
A variety of quantitative and qualitative research techniques was used by multidisciplinary teams to collect, measure and interpret data generated from biological samples and validated questionnaires. For this study, the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) package (version 17.0, SPSS Inc) was used to analyze the data. Means and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of CVD risk and dietary factors were calculated. Participants of both genders were divided into different groups (according to urbanisation, education and employment levels) and compared. Estimated significant differences between rural and urban participants were determined with analysis of variance using the general linear model (GLM), multivariate procedure. Univariate analysis was used to explore further the influence of education on CVD risk factors and dietary intakes. Employment was used as a proxy for income, and pairwise comparisons using GLM, multivariate procedure were done for comparing the three groups (Not answered, employed and not employed). Tests were considered significant at P<0.05.
Results:
Comparison of urban with rural subjects participating in the PURE study showed that urban men had significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures and lower fibrinogen levels than rural men. In women, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and serum triglycerides were significantly higher in urban subjects whereas fibrinogen levels were significantly lower among urban subjects. After examining the relationship between the level of education and CVD risk factors, we observed that men with higher education levels had significantly higher BMI. In women, serum triglycerides and blood pressure were lower and BMI was significantly higher in the educated subjects. Because it was difficult to distinguish between reported household and individual income levels, we compared CVD risk factors of employed and unemployed subjects. Employed men had significantly higher BMI whereas the unemployed men had significantly higher fasting glucose and fibrinogen levels. Although mean blood pressure of employed men was higher than that of unemployed men, the difference did not reach significance. In women, the only significant difference seen was that employed women had lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, fasting glucose, triglycerides and fibrinogen levels, but they had a significantly higher BMI. Employed women had significantly higher BMI than unemployed women (27.9 [26.3–29.4] versus 26.5 [26.0–27.0] kg/m2). It seems that most of the nutrition related CVD risk factors were still higher in the higher socio–economic group, a situation similar to that reported in the THUSA study.
v
Conclusion:
The results of this study showed little evidence of a major social drift in CVD risk factors from subjects participating in the 1996/1998 THUSA study to those in the 2005 PURE study. Most cardiovascular disease risk factors are still higher in the higher SES groups. However, there were some indications (increased fibrinogen in both men and women living in rural areas; higher triglyceride and fasting glucose levels in unemployed women; no significant differences in blood pressure and total cholesterol across different SES groups which existed in the THUSA study) that a social drift in CVD risk factors in our African population is on the way. This means that promotion of healthy, prudent diets and lifestyles should be targeted to Africans from all socio–economic levels for the prevention of CVD.<br>Thesis (M.Sc (Dietetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Masuku, Gabriel Mthokozisi Sifiso. "Harmonization of SACU Trade Policies in the Tourism & Hospitality Service Sectors." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1740_1280359750.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The general objective of the proposed research is to do a needs analysis for the tourism and hospitality industries of South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho and Swaziland. This will be followed by an alignment of these industries with the provisions of the General Agreement of Trade in Services, commonly known as GATS, so that a Tourism and Hospitality Services Charter may be moulded that may be used uniformly throughout SACU. The specific objectives of the research are: To analyze impact assessment reports and studies conducted on the Tourism and Hospitality Industries for all five SACU member states with the aim of harmonizing standards, costs and border procedures. To ecognize SACU member states&rsquo<br>schedule of GATS Commitments, especially in the service sectors being investigated, by improving market access, and to recommend minimal infrastructural development levels to be attained for such sectors&rsquo<br>support. To make recommendations to harness the challenges faced by the said industries into a working document. To calibrate a uniformity of trade standards in these sectors that shall be used by the SACU membership. To ensure that the template is flexible enough for SACU to easily adopt and use in ongoing bilateral negotiations, for example.</p>
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Dittberner, Kajsa, and Emelie Åström. "The complexity of operating in a country rich in resources, yet constrained by its core : A qualitative case study of the South African business environment and how Swedish SMEs establishment are affected by economic and political changes." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86000.
Full textAbstract:
Since 1994, South Africa has undergone comprehensive political and economic changes in a positive direction, however, the country’s business environment still constitutes of corruption and inequity. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate how South Africa’s business environment affects Swedish SMEs establishment in the country. The methodology chosen for this research was a qualitative multiple case study with an abductive approach. The theoretical framework was established based on various theories related to business environment, internationalization and risk management, these theories was interlinked into a conceptual framework. In the empirical chapter, the primary data gathered from four cases was presented and thereafter analyzed together with the conceptual framework. The research concludes that the South African business environment affects the Swedish SMEs business activities in the country differently, depending on the firm’s size. The last decade’s political changes have generated in a more cautious approach among Swedish SME and their establishment in the country. Lastly, limitations of the research and recommendations for further research is outlined.
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Akoh, Harry Asa'na. "How a Country Treats its Own Nationals is No Longer a Matter of Exclusive Domestic Concern: A History of the Alien Tort Statute Litigations in the United States for Human Rights Violations Committed in Africa, 1980-2008." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia State University, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_diss/14/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2009.<br>Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed June 22, 2010) Mohammed Hassen Ali, committee chair; H. Robert Baker, Charles G. Steffen, Bereket Habte Selassie, committee members. Includes bibliographical references (p. 221-232).
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Gignac, Patrick Joseph. "Oppressive relationships/related oppressions ethnicity, gender, and sexuality and the role of gay identity in James Baldwin's Another country and Hubert Fichte's Versuch über die Pubertät /." Connect to this title online, 1996. http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63422.pdf.
Full text
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Bonthuys, Eugene. "Writing, reading ... reconciliation? : the role of literature in post-apartheid South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53228.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Socially responsible writing has been a feature of South African literature for many
years. Under apartheid, many novels dealt with apartheid, as it was one of the main
features of our social landscape. The end of apartheid did not however bring about the
end of a need for socially responsible writing. South Africa is still faced with many
problems, one of which is reconciliation. This thesis investigates whether
reconciliation may have become a new theme in South African novels, and whether
these novels could playa role in assisting the process of reconciliation in the country.
For this purpose, three South African works are analysed, namely Country of My
Skull by Antjie Krog, Smell of Apples by Mark Behr and Disgrace by J .M. Coetzee.
The introduction attempts to explain the psychological discourse surrounding
reconciliation, especially Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and parallels that
may exists. The main body presents detailed readings of the three works, with the
focus being on the presentation of reconciliation in the works, and the role that the
individual works could play in assisting the reader in coming to terms with his or her
feelings of guilt.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vir baie jare was apartheid die onderwerp van baie Suid Afrikaanse skrywers
aangesien dit die mees problematiese element van Suid Afrikaanse samelewing was.
Die einde van apartheid het egter nie die einde van alle probleme beteken nie. Een
van die belangrike probleme is versoening. Hierdie tesis ondersoek die moontlikheid
dat versoening die nuwe tema in Suid Afrikaanse letterkunde geword het en ofhierdie
werke 'n bydrae kan lewer tot werklike versoening. Vir hierdie doel word drie werke
behandel, naamlik Country of My Skull deur Antjie Krog, Smell of Apples deur Mark
Behr en Disgrace deur J .M. Coetzee.
Die inleiding poog om die sielkundige diskoers om versoening te verduidelik, veral
rondom posttraumatiese stres, en die ooreenkomste wat mag voorkom. Die hoofdeel
van die tesis bestaan uit 'n diepgaande bespreking van die drie werke, met die fokus
op versoening in die werk, maar ook die rol wat die werke kan speel om die leser deur
sy ofhaar skuld gevoelens te help.
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Håkansson, Anna, and Petra Nilsson. "Windpower Africa." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1612.
Full textAbstract:
<p>During our study trip to Tanzania we discovered one of the great issues for farmers to be need of running water. So we asked ourselves: How can water from Lake Victoria be transported to the small scale farmer’s household and farm in the most optimized way? During the stay in North West of Tanzania we made field trips to the rural areas in Mara Region in order to understand the farmers who are the potential users. We performed semi structured interviews and observations during the whole field study. We also came to the conclusion that wind is a good source of power which can be used to pump water. The wind comes in from Lake Victoria in the same direction everyday. So therefore we decided to construct a water pumping wind power station for small scale farmers.</p>
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Freercks, Robert Jeremy. "The impact of vascular calcification on ambulatory and central aortic blood pressure in a South African dwelling dialysis population : a clinical, radiological and pathophysiological study of vascular health in a young prevalent dialysis population in a developing country." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11995.
Full textAbstract:
Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>In Sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of vascular calcification (VC) in CKD-5D is unknown. We undertook to determine the effect of ethnicity on VC, the risk factors for VC, the utility of abdominal X-ray (AXR) in predicting coronary calcium score (CCS) and the effect of VC on central aortic systolic pressure (CASP) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in South African dialysis patients. ... Black race significantly protects from VC in South African CKD-5D patients and warrants further study. The AXR is a useful screening tool for CCS in our population. VC does not appear to influence CASP in our population.
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Stewart, Robert Charles. "Maternal common mental disorder in Malawi, Africa." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25898.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Maternal common mental disorder (CMD), characterised by depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms of distress, is known to be an important health problem in low-and-middle-income countries, but had not been investigated in Malawi, Africa. In preliminary work, we adapted a CMD screening measure and showed that post-partum CMD was common and associated with child stunting. In the research presented here, we expanded the investigation of CMD in Malawi to include pregnant women and mothers of children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Using validated measures, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of antenatal CMD/depression and investigate its relationship to social support and intimate partner violence. Secondly, we sought to explore women’s lived experiences of the perinatal period. Finally, we investigated CMD amongst mothers of children admitted with SAM and other life-threatening illness and, in the former, we tested the hypothesis that maternal CMD would be associated with impaired child recovery. Method: In an antenatal clinic-based study, we validated and compared Chichewa and Chiyao versions of the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) using major depressive episode (MDE) as the criterion diagnosis. We adapted and validated the Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). We measured the prevalence of antenatal MDE and identified associated factors. We conducted focus group discussions with women and enquired about perinatal stressors and supports. We administered the SRQ to mothers of children with SAM during admission to a nutritional rehabilitation unit (NRU) and at 1-month post-discharge, and investigated whether CMD was a risk factor for lower child weight gain at follow-up. In a subsequent study, we compared levels of CMD symptoms between mothers of children admitted to a NRU, a high dependency unit and an oncology ward. Results: We found that the adapted EPDS and SRQ were both valid screening instruments for antenatal CMD/depression. The weighted prevalence of antenatal MDE was 10.7% (95% CI 6.9% - 14.5%). The adapted MSPSS showed adequate test characteristics and differentiated between sources of social support. MDE was associated with lack of support by a significant other; intimate partner violence moderated this association. We found that women in rural Malawi recognised depressive and anxious states in the perinatal period and identified lack of partner support as a key stressor. During admission with a severely malnourished child to a NRU, mothers had very high SRQ scores that greatly reduced post-discharge. There was no association between SRQ score and child weight gain at follow-up. We found no higher level of CMD symptoms amongst mothers of children admitted for treatment of SAM compared with those admitted to other wards. Conclusions: We demonstrated that measures of antenatal CMD and perceived social support can be adapted for use in Malawi. We found that maternal CMD is common and associated with lack of social support, intimate partner violence and child illness. We did not find evidence for a specific association between maternal CMD and child SAM but further prospective studies are required. Our findings suggest that treatment of CMD in mothers in Malawi will require attention to social support and partner behaviour.
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O'Vercum, Connie. "African American and Latino relations in Hamblen County." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/934.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.L.S.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.<br>Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0812104-195022 Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Christelis, Desiree. "Country reputation management : identifying the drivers of South Africa’s reputation in German media." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2384.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPhil (Journalism))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>Although reputation management has historically been restricted to companies or
other organisational entities, countries are also increasingly concerned with their
reputation relative to other countries and have started to actively measure and
manage that reputation1.
Over the past years, the Republic of South Africa has begun to professionally
streamline its own reputation management activities, specifically by establishing the
International Marketing Committee (IMC) in August 2000. South African Tourism, the
media division of the South African diplomatic sector and even South African Airways
are other reputation management vehicles that have been working toward emanating
a comprehensive marketing and communication message from South Africa to other
countries.
The basis of good reputation management is to first measure such reputation2. It is
also important to know what aspects are the main drivers of such reputation. Using
the content of specific German newspapers as data body, this study determines the
drivers of South Africa’s media reputation in Germany.
In order to accurately set the scene for an analysis of South Africa’s reputation, a
thorough situation analysis on the country is conducted. This situation analysis forms
the backbone for the methodology used further on to investigate the drivers of South
Africa’s reputation in specific German media.
To this end, a large part of the situation analysis looks at South Africa in terms of
Germany and a study is conducted on the relationship between Germany and South
Africa as well as the potential stakeholders of South Africa’s media reputation in
Germany. It is also important to know what current efforts in terms of reputation
management are. After studying the history of South Africa’s reputation management activities,
members of today’s reputation management vehicles are interviewed and an
overview of South African reputation management efforts currently active in Germany
is provided. The reputation management activities of other countries are briefly
explored and specifically the lessons from other countries’ efforts are highlighted.
Subsequently, the reputational dimensions that positively or negatively drive South
Africa’s reputation in specific German media are determined. To this end, a content
analysis is conducted on the seven German national daily newspapers, Börsen-
Zeitung, Die Welt, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Frankfurter Rundschau, Financial
Times Deutschland, Handelsblatt and Süddeutsche Zeitung3 over a period of 20
months. The findings made culminate in suggestions for South Africa’s future
reputation management activities in Germany.
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Carrim-Ismail, Shamsah. "Digitalisation to enhance country-by-country reporting for effective tax risk assessment in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80505.
Full textAbstract:
In 2015, The OECD released an 15 point action plan to combat base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS). Amongst those actions is action 13 which deals with the implementation of Country-by-Country (CbC) reporting on Multinational Enterprises (MNE). Even though South Africa is not an OECD member, it adopted the implementation by enacting CbC reporting into law in December 2016. CbC reports give an overview of how local entities fit into their large group structure of the MNE which in turn will increase the tax transparency in the jurisdictions it operates from. Therefore, CbC Reports can be a great tool for tax administrations to assess tax risk. CbC reports are exchanged electronically between tax payer and tax administration as well as between different tax administrations of the different jurisdictions, thus the use of a digitalised system is of high importance as it will ultimately lead to better tax transparency.
This approach of this work is qualitative in nature and the OECDs guidelines and corresponding sections in South Africa‘s Income Tax Act were analysed. Throughout this study South Africa and India‘s tax administrations are being compared, with recommendations drawn from the Indian tax administration. This study addresses the use of CbC Reports in the risk assessment procedure as well as the current tax risk assessment procedures in both countries. The study goes further by explaining the concept of digitalisation and then gauges the digital competence of South Africa‘s and India‘s tax administration according to an gauge set out by EY. There are numerous challenges that are a result of digitalisation of the tax administration.
The findings of study prove that South Africa has already made progress towards a digitalised tax administration however there is room for improvement. Furthermore, as the tax administration progress, CbC reports will become more effective as a risk assessment tool. Lastly, the study imparts that even with the challenges that digitalisation of the tax administration brings about, the benefit of a digital tax administration providing tax transparency will be able to overcome these challenges.<br>Mini Dissertation (MPhil (International Taxation))--University of Pretoria, 2020.<br>pt2021<br>Taxation<br>MPhil (International Taxation)<br>Unrestricted
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Hammarlund, Silje. "An Occupational Therapy Needs Assessment for an organization attending to children with autism spectrum disorder in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia : To identify the occupational therapy needs for an organization attending to children with autism spectrum disorder in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för rehabilitering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-27964.
Full textAbstract:
Syfte: Att identifiera behovet för arbetsterapi i Nehemiah Autism Center genom att utföra en behovsanalys. Metod: Mixad-metod användas för att utveckla en passande behovsanalys för att identifiera behovet för arbetsterapi. Resultat: Alla områden där en arbetsterapeut kan bidrag till valdes. Kommunikation och sociala färdigheter rapporterades mest frekvent och beteende förvaltning rankades som viktigast bland vårdnadshavare. Bland anställda, fritid och lek rapporterades mest frekvent och stresshantering rankades som viktigast. Utbildningsmöjligheter, kommunikation mellan anställda och medarbetare relation identifierades som stödjande faktorer för att uppnå målet på Nehemiah Autism Center. Stigma, religion och kulturell mångfald rapporterades som icke-stödjande faktorer för att uppnå målet på Nehemiah Autism Center. Slutsats: Det finns ett behov för arbetsterapi för att möta behovet hos barn med autism på Nehemiah Autism Center i Addis Ababa, Etiopien.<br>Aim: To identify the occupational therapy needs at the Nehemiah Autism Center by completing a needs assessment. Method: A mixed-methods design was adopted to construct a comprehensive needs assessment to identify the occupational therapy needs. Result: All areas of what an occupational therapist could assist with were selected as an area of need. Communication and social skills were most frequently reported and behavior management was ranked as most important among caregivers. Among staff members, leisure and play was reported most frequently and stress management was ranked as most important. Training opportunities, communication among staff members, and co-worker relationship were identified to be supporting factors in achieving the goal at Nehemiah Autism Center. Stigma, religion, and cultural diversity were reported to be unsupportive factors in achieving the goal at Nehemiah Autism Center. Conclusion: There is a great need for occupational therapy services to attend to children with autism spectrum disorder at Nehemiah Autism Center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.