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Journal articles on the topic 'African entrepreneurship'
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Ahwireng-Obeng, Fred, and Desmond Piaray. "Institutional obstacles to South African entrepreneurship." South African Journal of Business Management 30, no. 3 (1999): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v30i3.758.
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Institutional risk factors exert a powerful negative influence on entrepreneurial investment decisions in South Africa. This conclusion emerges from a study of South African manufacturing and service sectors based on a previous one conducted on a world-wide scale by the World Bank in 1997. The South African study examines six institutional variables by sector-type and market-access and finds that entrepreneurs of young, small and non-exporting firms particularly perceive these institutional obstacles as a real problem most of the time. This observation compares closely with the World Bank's report on sub-Saharan Africa. There are several implications for the finding. Despite far-reaching institutional reforms much more will be required if South Africa's transition to a democratic polity and open, liberal economy is to yield the widely-expected post-apartheid dividends of rapid economic growth, high levels of employment and more equitable distribution of income and wealth. In the present circumstances, the country's prospective role as a growth-pole for Southern African regional development and the propelling force of an African renaissance is unlikely to materialise.
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Jones, Paul, Gideon Maas, Stephen Dobson, Robert Newbery, Daniel Agyapong, and Harry Matlay. "Entrepreneurship in Africa, Part 3: Conclusions on African Entrepreneurship." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 25, no. 5 (2018): 706–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-10-2018-401.
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SWARTZ, ETHNÉ M., FRANCES M. AMATUCCI, and JONATHAN T. MARKS. "CONTEXTUAL EMBEDDEDNESS AS A FRAMEWORK: THE CASE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SOUTH AFRICA." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 24, no. 03 (2019): 1950018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946719500183.
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Why does South Africa underperform on benchmarks for nascent entrepreneurship? We use a contextualization framework to evaluate articles on entrepreneurship in South Africa, which appear in seven leading global entrepreneurship journals for the period 1986–2017. The literature is then discussed using a six-dimension contextualization framework. The historical and institutional dimensions of the contextualization framework unveil the path-dependent nature of entrepreneurial choice for Black South Africans. Understanding entrepreneurship in South Africa requires research designs that focus on where and when entrepreneurship developed in the country to render meaningful the why of entrepreneurial choices made by Black South Africans. This study illustrates the idiosyncratic nature of South Africa and its social, political and economic transitions, and how these have affected entrepreneurship development, particularly among previously disadvantaged Black South Africans. The nature of the South African case has broader impact and importance for developing and transitional economies.
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Khosa, Risimati Maurice, and Vivence Kalitanyi. "Migration reasons, traits and entrepreneurial motivation of African immigrant entrepreneurs." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 9, no. 2 (2015): 132–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-07-2014-0011.
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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate migration reasons, traits and entrepreneurial motivation of African immigrant entrepreneurs in Cape Town, South Africa, as there is limited research on immigrant entrepreneurship in South Africa. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical research was conducted under mixed methods paradigm where primary data were gathered from a sample of 93 participants using the convenience sampling technique. Data were gathered through a survey of 72 semi-structured personal interviews and 21 self-administered questionnaires and analysed using SPSS version 21. Findings – The empirical research unveiled that immigrant entrepreneurs migrate into South Africa for different reasons: political instability and economic reasons were the chief reasons for migration. Immigrants engage into necessity entrepreneurship as a need to survive in the host country and to confront discrimination in the job market. Therefore, immigrant entrepreneurs in Cape Town are pushed, rather than pulled, towards entrepreneurship. Practical implications – This paper also suggests further research that will evaluate education levels of immigrant entrepreneurs in South Africa, as there is a controversy about the education levels of immigrant entrepreneurs. Social implications – South Africans need to understand that African foreign entrepreneurs are job creators rather than job takers and to be aware of the skills brought into the country by these entrepreneurs. Accordingly, the current study contributes to peaceful cohabitation between South Africans and African foreign entrepreneurs. Originality/value – This paper provides an empirical analysis of migration reasons, traits and entrepreneurial motivation of African immigrant entrepreneurs in South Africa and also provides an entrepreneurial migration progression.
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Ratten, Vanessa. "African entrepreneurship: editorial." Small Enterprise Research 27, no. 2 (2020): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2020.1770120.
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Ward, Graham Bernard, and Chris Adendorff. "Entrepreneurship in South Africa." Journal of Media Management and Entrepreneurship 2, no. 1 (2020): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jmme.2020010105.
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The purpose of this study is to contribute to the promotion and development of entrepreneurship in South Africa. The objective was to develop and test a model which could be used in the development and training of entrepreneurs. Officially, 27.7% of South Africans are unemployed. This is especially important in that, the South African economy is battling to recover from the world economic crisis of 2009/10, putting pressure on government to alleviate growing unemployment and curtail social unrest. The study comprised of a literature review as to how globally entrepreneurs are developed, culminating in the perceived success factors for entrepreneurship. These factors were then tested on small business owners operating in South Africa. The authors argue that, in order to successfully develop entrepreneurs: 1) 99% of entrepreneurs will need to have the required socio-emotional skills; 2) 99% of entrepreneurs will require mentorship; and 3) 95% of entrepreneurs will require access to start-up capital.
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Nziku, Dina Modestus, and John Joseph Struthers. "Female entrepreneurship in Africa." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 25, no. 3 (2018): 349–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-03-2017-0115.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework which combines the strength of weak ties (SWT) concept with an innovative taxonomy for mitigating principal-agent (P-A) conflicts. The taxonomy highlights the mechanisms through which African women can overcome the obstacles faced when setting up businesses. Design/methodology/approach The paper discusses the role of “weak ties” networks in entrepreneurial activities and integrates the concept with the key parameters of the P-A paradigm. The aim is to develop a taxonomy (or scorecard) for mitigating the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in Africa from a P-A perspective. Six P-A parameters are analysed, namely, attitudes towards risk; behaviour-based vs targets-based contracts; asymmetric information; risk-sharing; transaction costs; and verification and monitoring costs. Findings With the aid of the taxonomy developed in the paper, the authors analyse the channels through which “SWT” networks may impact in mitigating the problems arising from the P-A paradigm. Some implications for women entrepreneurs in Africa are highlighted. Research limitations/implications The current conceptual study suggests that the “SWT” concept can be used by African women entrepreneurs to mitigate P-A problems. The authors argue that the original P-A taxonomy developed in the paper fills a conceptual research gap in the existing literature. Embedding the SWT concept within a P-A framework will facilitate further research not only to understand African women entrepreneurs’ attitudes (and responses) towards risk and uncertainty, but this will also facilitate greater understanding of the importance women attach to the role of incentives within their businesses. Practical implications The taxonomy presents new insights for understanding the most serious constraints that hinder women entrepreneurs in Africa. The taxonomy will be the basis for a follow-up empirical paper on selected African countries. Originality/value The originality of this study lies in the development of an innovative taxonomy which highlights the role of “SWT” social networks towards mitigating the P-A problem among African women entrepreneurs. The paper makes a significant contribution to the literature from a conceptual perspective.
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Atiase, Victor Yawo, Samia Mahmood, Yong Wang, and David Botchie. "Developing entrepreneurship in Africa: investigating critical resource challenges." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 25, no. 4 (2018): 644–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-03-2017-0084.
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Purpose By drawing upon institutional theory, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of four critical resources (credit, electricity, contract enforcement and political governance) in explaining the quality of entrepreneurship and the depth of the supporting entrepreneurship ecosystem in Africa. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative approach based on ordinary least squares regression analysis was used. Three data sources were employed. First, the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) of 35 African countries was used to measure the quality of entrepreneurship and the depth of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Africa which represents the dependent variable. Second, the World Bank’s data on access to credit, electricity and contract enforcement in Africa were also employed as explanatory variables. Third, the Ibrahim Index of African Governance was used as an explanatory variable. Finally, country-specific data on four control variables (GDP, foreign direct investment, population and education) were gathered and analysed. Findings To support entrepreneurship development, Africa needs broad financial inclusion and state institutions that are more effective at enforcing contracts. Access to credit was non-significant and therefore did not contribute to the dependent variable (entrepreneurship quality and depth of entrepreneurial support in Africa). Access to electricity and political governance were statistically significant and correlated positively with the dependent variables. Finally, contract enforcement was partially significant and contributed to the dependent variable. Research limitations/implications A lack of GEI data for all 54 African countries limited this study to only 35 African countries: 31 in sub-Saharan Africa and 4 in North Africa. Therefore, the generalisability of this study’s findings to the whole of Africa might be limited. Second, this study depended on indexes for this study. Therefore, any inconsistencies in the index aggregation if any could not be authenticated. This study has practical implications for the development of entrepreneurship in Africa. Public and private institutions for credit delivery, contract enforcement and the provision of utility services such as electricity are crucial for entrepreneurship development. Originality/value The institutional void is a challenge for Africa. This study highlights the weak, corrupt nature of African institutions that supposedly support MSME growth. Effective entrepreneurship development in Africa depends on the presence of a supportive institutional infrastructure. This study engages institutional theory to explain the role of institutional factors such as state institutions, financial institutions, utility providers and markets in entrepreneurship development in Africa.
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Viviers, Suzette, Goosain Solomon, and Chanel Venter. "Entrepreneurial intentions and behaviours of South African University Students." Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management 6, no. 1 (2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajesbm.v6i1.30.
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<p>The entrepreneurial intentions and behaviours of South African university students are important factors to consider when developing entrepreneurship offerings at local universities. This article reports on pertinent findings from a study which set out to determine South African students’ career choice intentions and entrepreneurship behaviours as well as their knowledge and utilisation of, demand for and satisfaction with entrepreneurship offerings of local universities relative to international universities. A survey, using a 15-question structured web-based instrument was used to capture the responses from university students across 26 nations in the Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students’ Survey (GUESSS) conducted in 2011. Key findings are that few South Africa university students intend to enter into an entrepreneurship career immediately after completion of their studies, whereas close to a third of respondents were interested in doing so five years after graduation. The vast majority of students were satisfied with entrepreneurship offerings at South African universities. More physical support such as network access platforms are however needed as well as awareness of and access to small business funding mechanisms. Better marketed and focussed entrepreneurship offerings are essential to foster an environment at South African universities to promote entrepreneurship as career choice.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Entrepreneurial intentions, Entrepreneurial behaviours, Global financial crisis, South African university students</p>
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Harris Maduku and Makhosazana Faith Vezi-Magigaba. "Perceptions of University Students on Entrepreneurship; A South African Case Study." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 11, no. 5(J) (2019): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v11i5(j).2963.
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South Africa currently suffers from high levels of poverty, inequality and unemployment. However,the involvement of citizens in entrepreneurship is still very low for the country to rely on entrepreneurshipas a solution to curb its socio-economic crisis. Survival rates of established businesses have also proved to beworrisome in the country with lack of skills cited as one of the most contributing factors. The country is inneed of more entrepreneurs with better skills and understanding of business as that can facilitate jobcreation, poverty alleviation and economic growth. The objective of this paper is to analyse how Universitystudents perceive entrepreneurship in South Africa. Using random sampling, the study used a structuredquestionnaire to gather data from University of Zululand students. Employing the probit logistic regressiontechnique on 152 observations, the study finds Age, family business background, business course andentrepreneurial interest statistically significant on influencing perceptions of students towardsentrepreneurship. The study recommends that the South African Universities’ curricular be revised so as tostart equipping all registered students with entrepreneurship skills as this impact on their perceptions tostarting their own businesses after graduation. Also Universities should start acting as innovation andentrepreneurial hubs for both their students and the business community.
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Edoho, Felix Moses. "Entrepreneurship paradigm and economic renaissance in Africa." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 6, no. 1 (2015): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-11-2014-0086.
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Purpose – This Guest Editorial provides contextual insight to the contributions in this special issue that addresses entrepreneurship and economic growth challenge confronting Africa. Although the contributors come from various academic disciplines and adopt different perspectives, they are united in their singularity of focus on entrepreneurship as a pathway for African future. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The papers in this special issue adopt different methodological approaches that help to provide a composite insight to the multidimensional entrepreneurial challenges facing Africa. They review published materials from the government sources and international agencies. They draw heavily on the literature in the field of entrepreneurship. Findings – African countries have made significant progress in stimulating economic growth in recent years. However, they still have a long way to go in terms of institutionalizing entrepreneurial paradigm to foster self-regenerating development. Africa needs to do more by leveraging public policy for entrepreneurial development as a pathway for expanding economic opportunities and alleviating poverty. A policy framework designed to anchor entrepreneurial culture in the economy is a key to African economic renaissance in the twenty-first century. Originality/value – The originality and value of the papers in this issue hinge critically on the all too often ignored proposition that African countries need to embrace a proven approach to development that is both broad based and citizen driven. Entrepreneurial paradigm will empower citizens to take not only full responsibility, but more importantly inalienable ownership, of the development process. This is the only way to ensure that the ongoing much celebrated growth in Africa is sustainable.
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Zabella, Anastasiia A. "Africans in China and its influence for China-Africa relations". RUDN Journal of World History 11, № 1 (2019): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2019-11-1-65-75.
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Recent years, steadily growing China’s influence on Africa. Africa is often called “China’s second continent”, which is associated with an enhanced Chinese presence on the African continent. However, the question of the presence of Africans in China and the influence on the development of Chinese-African relations, which will be the subject of this article, remains little studied. This topic is of particular interest because of the initiative of the PRC President Xi Jinping to create the Center for Innovative Cooperation between China and Africa to promote innovation among youth and entrepreneurship, voiced during the China-Africa Cooperation Forum (FOCAC) held in Beijing in early September 2018. In this article, the author will highlight the important historical events of the development of the Chinese-African dialogue, consider the main cities with a high percentage of the African population, identify the reasons for the presence of Africans in China and the impact on the development of cooperation between the parties.
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Viviers, Suzette, Chanel Venter, and Goosain Solomon. "South African University students' intentions to establish social Enterprises." Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management 5, no. 1 (2012): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajesbm.v5i1.28.
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<p>Stimulating social entrepreneurship in South Africa has the potential to address not only the high youth unemployment rate in the country, but also other pressing social and environmental challenges. This study was conducted as part of the 2011 Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students’ Survey and focused on South African university students’ intentions to start social enterprises. The findings, based on 673 responses to an online questionnaire, reveal that the majority of respondents had such an intention. However, less than half of this group mentioned the specific type of environmental or social mission that they would like to pursue. Despite more males than females being currently engaged in social entrepreneurship activities in South Africa, no statistically significant difference was found in this study between the intentions of male and female respondents in starting a social enterprise. African language speakers and students enrolled for qualifications in the social sciences were, however, statistically more likely to start social enterprises. Education is a critical factor in achieving increased levels of social entrepreneurship activity; however, fundamental interventions in the education system are required to achieve this objective.</p><strong>KEYWORDS:</strong> Entrepreneurship education; Environmental challenges; Generation Y; HIV and AIDS; Social challenges; Social entrepreneurship; Social enterprises; South Africa; Youth unemployment
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Adenle, Ademola A. "Building the African economy." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 6, no. 1 (2017): 92–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-12-2015-0036.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the President Obama Youth African Leadership Initiative (YALI) program with evidence from experts and other relevant stakeholders. This study examines YALI program with a focus on entrepreneurship and public management. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative semi-structured interviews used in this study explore the understanding and diverse views of various stakeholder experts on training of young leaders in entrepreneurship and public management in Africa regarding the YALI program. Findings The study provides insight into the importance of the YALI program, but questions whether it can make a positive impact and be effectively implemented in Africa. The findings suggest that there is lack of clarity in the objectives of the program, particularly with regards to the role of the key stakeholders including academics, government institutions, policymakers and the private sector. The results underscore the need for sound and clear-cut government policies toward entrepreneurship development that will foster a better relationship between the African governments and the United States Agency for International Development program. Research limitations/implications The study focused on academic experts and a number of policymakers and may not have been representative of all stakeholders. Originality/value The study specifically emphasizes policies that target entrepreneurship training and education for women and youth, using a participatory approach and multi-stakeholder partnership to promote innovative entrepreneurship and social development in the continent.
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Maas, Gideon J. P., and Mike Herrington. "The Role of HEIs in an Entrepreneurial Renaissance in South Africa." Industry and Higher Education 25, no. 4 (2011): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2011.0047.
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For decades, entrepreneurs have been identified as critical change agents in socio-economic development. It is probably safe to say that some countries have had more success than others in the promotion of entrepreneurship; and in that context it can be argued that South Africa's successes are not yet clear. The promotion of entrepreneurship through the involvement of higher education institutions (HEIs) is by no means an easy task, but they have an important role to play. Although South African HEIs are focusing on various elements of entrepreneurship promotion, there is no clear evidence of an integrated effort from HEIs to develop entrepreneurial skills and activity. The authors argue that without such an integrated effort entrepreneurship development in South Africa is likely to be constrained.
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Mutanda, Mary, Lawrence Mpele Lekhanya, and Sibusiso Moyo. "The Role of International Academic Professionals in the Development of Entrepreneurial Universities in South Africa: Government Funded Universities Perspective." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 5(J) (2018): 284–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i5(j).2517.
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There is a wide belief and acceptance from leading government and business experts that small enterprises and entrepreneurship are the key components to unemployment and poverty alleviation in any country. Unfortunately, high unemployment levels, low entrepreneurial activity and high small business failure rate have become the main characteristics of the South African economy. Post-school education is partially blamed for the dropping levels of entrepreneurial activities in the country. South Africa’s tertiary education system continues to focus on producing job-seekers instead of job creators. This problem has forced South African Universities to explore more on their potential of becoming more entrepreneurial, but lack of academics in the field of entrepreneurship has been found to be a hindrance to success in this agenda. To avert this obstacle, it is reiterated that internationalisation is key to any university entrepreneurship strategy, and therefore universities are encouraged to internationalise through attracting international entrepreneurial staff. The purpose of this literature review paper is twofold. The first part explores the role played by international academic professionals in the establishment of entrepreneurial universities in South Africa, while the second aims at evaluating the state of entrepreneurship development in higher education and the potential of South African universities becoming more entrepreneurial. The study employs both quantitative and qualitative research techniques (mixed method). The study reveals that South African universities should internationalise if they are to succeed in the entrepreneurial strategy. In addition, it is found that foreign academics have the required skills and bring in the diverse expertise needed for the establishment of entrepreneurial universities. Moreover, the presence of international academics has enhanced entrepreneurship mindset of local staff and students. It is recommended that universities should establish entrepreneurial institutes which are affiliated to them in order to drive this initiative and that the establishment of entrepreneurial universities is the way to go in South Africa if the country is to beat poverty and unemployment.
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Ojo, Sanya, Sonny Nwankwo, and Ayantunji Gbadamosi. "African Diaspora Entrepreneurs." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 14, no. 4 (2013): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2013.0126.
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African entrepreneurs in the diaspora are increasingly leveraging the duality of transnational space to expand economic opportunities in their countries of origin. Using the UK (London) and Sub-Saharan Africa migration corridor as a contextual prism, this paper explores the ‘everydayness' of entrepreneurship among African entrepreneurs in relation to how they traverse entrepreneurial spaces linking their countries of origin (home) and country of residence (host). Data collection combined discovery-oriented and ‘observer as participant’ techniques and emerging strands were fully explored using focus group protocols. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the findings indicate that Africans in diaspora contribute to Sub-Saharan African economic development through entrepreneurial investments. Diaspora direct investment (DDI) is an authentic avenue that unlocks untapped investment opportunities, and its objectives are driven by both economic and non-economic factors. Thus policy makers need to focus on harnessing its benefits.
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Simon, Radipere. "South African university entrepreneurship education." African Journal of Business Management 6, no. 44 (2012): 11015–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajbm12.410.
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Schwimmer, Brian, Anita Spring, and Barbara E. McDade. "African Entrepreneurship: Theory and Reality." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 35, no. 1 (2001): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/486382.
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Konczacki, Zbigniew A., Anita Spring, and Barbara E. McDade. "African Entrepreneurship. Theory and Reality." International Journal of African Historical Studies 32, no. 2/3 (1999): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220462.
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Black, Stephanie Lee, and William Luse. "Factors Affecting African American Entrepreneurship." Academy of Management Proceedings 2015, no. 1 (2015): 13715. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2015.13715abstract.
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RIMMER, D. "African Entrepreneurship: Theory and reality." African Affairs 97, no. 389 (1998): 581–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a007982.
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Grundling, J. P., and L. Steynberg. "Academic Entrepreneurship in South African HEIs." Industry and Higher Education 22, no. 1 (2008): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000008783876995.
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This article first identifies the principal forces that impact on and shape entrepreneurially-oriented higher education institutions (HEIs) in South Africa, and then analyses the degree to which those institutions have succeeded in becoming entrepreneurial. The results reveal that South Africa's HEIs are still in the initial phases of entrepreneurial development. This is attributable largely to factors particular to a developing country in a social transformational phase and faced with restricted social and economic capital.
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Thobile N Radebe. "The Challenges/Barriers Preventing the South African Youth in Becoming Entrepreneurs: South African Overview." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 11, no. 4(J) (2019): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v11i4(j).2921.
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Youth entrepreneurship is commonly measured as a significant determinant of poverty reduction, economic development and job creation but the participation of the youth in entrepreneurship is worrisome. Against this background, this study aims to evaluate the challenges that are preventing the youth in starting their own businesses. A qualitative research approach was adopted to enable the use of secondary data literature. The research methodology was undertaken by systematically reviewing and contextualizing the literature regarding the challenges preventing the youth from participating in entrepreneurship activities. The data was analyzed using thematic content analysis. The results showed that the lack of education, society’s attitude towards youth entrepreneurship, lack of access to finance and a poor entrepreneurship culture are the barriers that prevent youth from engaging in entrepreneurial activities. A policy implication arising from these findings is that there is a need for entrepreneurship education, better support from society and the provision in terms of the easy access to finance.
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Luiz, John, and Martine Mariotti. "Entrepreneurship in an emerging and culturally diverse economy: a South African perspective." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 14, no. 1 (2011): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v14i1.30.
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Of all the developing countries that participated in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor survey, South Africa was ranked the lowest, in terms of entrepreneurial activity. It is clear that South Africa is not producing a sufficiently entrepreneurial economy and this needs to be addressed so as to create employment, expand markets, increase production and revitalize communities. This paper examines the entrepreneurial traits of a diverse group of young adults in South Africa. It looks at their attitudes towards and perceptions of entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial opportunities and the broader environment in an attempt to clarify how South Africans view entrepreneurship.
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Malfense Fierro, Antonio Cornelius, David Noble, Omaima Hatem, and Waswa Balunywa. "African portfolio entrepreneurship and the creation of jobs." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 25, no. 5 (2018): 730–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-02-2017-0074.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on large-scale portfolio entrepreneurship and its impact on the creation of stable wage employment in African economies. Design/methodology/approach The three studies focussed on Egypt, Uganda, and Malawi were all exploratory, inductive, and qualitative studies, which involved semi-structured interviews with 65 entrepreneurial founders of some of these countries’ most prominent business portfolios between 2009 and 2012. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews, which lasted between one and four hours, with the founders of each of these portfolios. Findings This inductive and qualitative study finds a connection between the creation of stable wage-paying jobs and portfolio entrepreneurship in three countries, representing three of the four different archetypal African economies. It also finds a strong connection between the development of new industries and portfolio entrepreneurship. Practical implications The practical and societal implications of these findings are incredibly important. The current and looming shortage of stable wage employment in Africa is reaching calamitous proportions. The growth in religion-affiliated terrorism and high-risk economic migration to Europe can be directly related to the lack of employment opportunities in African nations. The findings indicate that portfolio entrepreneurs are major players in the creation of such employment opportunities and government policies focussing on this area, as compared to focussing solely on SMEs, may be more effective in mitigating some of the drivers for emigration and terrorism. Originality/value This is the only study of its kind that investigates the role of large-scale portfolio entrepreneurship in the growth of employment opportunities in Africa.
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Ajide, Folorunsho M. "Financial inclusion in Africa: does it promote entrepreneurship?" Journal of Financial Economic Policy 12, no. 4 (2020): 687–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-08-2019-0159.
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Purpose Financial inclusion policy focuses on bringing the less privileged groups into the formal financial system. Financial inclusion has a lot of benefits in the society. It can reduce the level of poverty, inequality and encourage business startup. This study aims to examine the impact of financial inclusion on entrepreneurship in selected African countries. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines how financial inclusion impacts entrepreneurship in 13 selected African countries using data from World Bank Development Indicators, IMF’s International Financial Statistics, doing business and World Bank Entrepreneurship Survey for the period of 2005-2016. It uses panel data regression techniques such as random effect, IV estimation and robust least square. Findings The results show that financial inclusion has a significant and positive effect on entrepreneurship in Africa. This result is robust to both alternative measures of financial inclusion and alternative estimators. Originality/value The possible relationship between financial inclusion and entrepreneurial development has been an ongoing debate in other developing countries. However, this issue has been neglected in the African region. There are little or no evidence to support the possible relationship in Africa. This paper makes an important contribution in this respect and further provides insightful information in the ongoing debate.
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BEEKA, BEEM H., and MIKE RIMMINGTON. "ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS A CAREER OPTION FOR AFRICAN YOUTHS." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 16, no. 01 (2011): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946711001707.
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This paper presents findings from a pilot study of four African entrepreneurs new to established, all who started their business as young people. Their narratives, enhanced by the inclusion of significant events derived by the use of the critical incident technique, provide useful oral insights into their entrepreneurial heuristics and behavior. These reveal key influences and critical issues that affect the young African's decision to start a business and also perspectives into the nature of entrepreneurship in Africa. This paper concludes that the dichotomy between push and pull entrepreneurship is oversimplified, and social structures such as class, education and family background impact on ideas, opportunities, resources, skills and motivation. But most importantly, entrepreneurship can survive in an environment with many constraints, because career choices are influenced by the youth entrepreneur's perception, decision-making abilities and experiences. Implications are drawn for the development of young entrepreneurs in Africa.
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URBAN, BORIS, and BRIAN NDOU. "INFORMAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A FOCUS ON SOUTH AFRICAN TOWNSHIP ENTREPRENEURS." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 24, no. 04 (2019): 1950021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946719500213.
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The informal sector is increasingly recognized in terms of its entrepreneurial potential. However there is a general lack of empirical research on small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) effectiveness in the informal economy in Africa. Recognizing this research gap, this article investigates entrepreneurial enabling factors in the South African township context to determine their impact on SMME’s performance. Township-based SMMEs in South Africa’s largest province, Gauteng, are surveyed and hypotheses are tested with correlation and regression analyses. Results indicate that access to finance and markets, institutional support, and skill and competency development are all significant predictors of enterprise performance. Empirical investigations in under-researched African contexts are important to highlight differences in enabling factors when compared to western contexts. In South African townships, which are plagued by high inequality, poverty, high unemployment and several other socio-economic challenges, it is an important policy which takes into account the variety of enabling environment factors that impact enterprise performance.
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Littlewood, David, and Diane Holt. "Social Entrepreneurship in South Africa: Exploring the Influence of Environment." Business & Society 57, no. 3 (2015): 525–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650315613293.
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The influence of environment on social entrepreneurship requires more concerted examination. This article contributes to emerging discussions in this area through consideration of social entrepreneurship in South Africa. Drawing upon qualitative case study research with six social enterprises, and examined through a framework of new institutional theories and writing on new venture creation, this research explores the significance of environment for the process of social entrepreneurship, for social enterprises, and for social entrepreneurs. Our findings provide insights on institutional environments, social entrepreneurship, and the interplay between them in the South African context, with implications for wider social entrepreneurship scholarship.
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AJIDE, FOLORUNSHO M. "INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP: EVIDENCE FROM AFRICA." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 25, no. 03 (2020): 2050015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946720500156.
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Closing the infrastructural gaps and fostering the entrepreneurial processes are considered the key to reduce African unemployment and boost productivity to achieve inclusive development. Therefore, investment in infrastructure is crucial for creating a conducive entrepreneurial environment. In this paper, we provide a contribution for this purpose, by evaluating the impact of infrastructure on entrepreneurship in a panel of twenty African countries for a period of 2006–2018. Consistent with previous studies, we find that infrastructures play a significant role in improving entrepreneurial development. In specific, we show that transport, electricity, water and sanitation facilities, ICT and broadband infrastructures have a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial startups in Africa. Our reports show clearly there is a positive association between infrastructures and entrepreneurial startups at a one percent significance level. These findings are robust to alternative estimation. It points out that physical infrastructure is more relevant in the case of less developed countries in promoting entrepreneurial development.
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Lema Catherine, Forje. "Unchaining African Economic Development: Entrepreneurship Education." International Journal of Sciences 2, no. 04 (2016): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18483/ijsci.928.
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Cummings, Scott. "African American Entrepreneurship in the Suburbs." Journal of the American Planning Association 65, no. 1 (1999): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944369908976033.
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Promise Opute, Abdullah, Chux Gervase Iwu, Risimati Maurice Khosa, Chukuakadibia Eresia-Eke, Sirak Berhe Hagos, and Bridget Irene. "African Immigrant Entrepreneurship in the UK." Harvard Deusto Business Research 10, no. 1 (2021): 53–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.48132/hdbr.335.
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The importance of ethnic minority businesses (EMBs) has been lauded in the entrepreneurship discourse. Building on entrepreneurial orientation theory, this study seeks to understand family influence on the entrepreneurial processes, practices, and decision-making activities in a relatively under-explored social group. The methodological approach in this study involved in-depth interviews with 10 entrepreneurs based in the United Kingdom. This study found strong social identity congruence behaviour of explored entrepreneurs from the point of how their entrepreneurial orientation is family-influence driven. For the entrepreneurs, the family is a central behaviour factor that exerts significantly on their entrepreneurial processes and decision making. As a result, actual judgement and decision making of entrepreneurs may not necessarily be driven by economic logic but largely by family control factors that even exert more significantly on entrepreneurial behaviour. This study contributes to the psychological and family control perspectives on entrepreneurship discourse. This study has two core limitations: it is based on the qualitative approach and explores only one social group. Future research in the form of quantitative studies that also examine other cultural enclaves would therefore help to enhance the causes and effects conclusions suggested in this study.
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AKINKUGBE, Oluyele, and Karl WOHLMUTH. "MIDDLE CLASS GROWTH AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA – MEASUREMENT, CAUSALITY, INTERACTIONS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS." JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN ECONOMY, Vol 18, No 1 (2019) (2019): 94–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/jee2019.01.094.
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The paper is about the role of the African middle class as a base for entrepreneurship development. The key question is what the growth of the African middle class means for the emergence of an entrepreneurial class in Africa. In this context, the «missing middle» in Africa, the gap in small and medium sized companies between microenterprises and large companies, is of interest. So far the theoretical work and the empirical evidence on the relation between middle class growth and entrepreneurship development are quite scarce. First, the main concepts of defining and measuring the African middle class - via income and consumption, assets, vulnerability, and livelihoods - will be discussed. These differences in definition and measurement have implications for the assumed developmental implications of the growth of the African middle class and the growth of an entrepreneurial class. There are so many statements in the literature about the developmental potentials and the impacts of the African middle class. It is argued that the African middle class is a seedbed of entrepreneurship and management staff; a base for start-ups and high tech companies; that it has an impact on market competition and labour mobility; an impact on level and structure of consumption and marketing, on housing, car and finance markets; an impact on local saving, local investment and on a more long-term investment behaviour; a role in developing a new consumer society based on higher quality and branded goods; a role in participation, empowerment and the formation of economic interest groups; a role in the redistribution of income, assets and economic power; that it leads to a widespread use of new technologies and has a tremendous role in technology diffusion; that it is creating space for upward mobility and societal change; that it pushes the transition from survival firms to growth-oriented firms; that it has a role in pushing for more rational economic policies and that it is also demanding public goods and fair taxation; and that it is providing stability to the political regime, etc. Most of these arguments lack so far empirical evidence, and there is tremendous speculation and experimentation based on the way of defining and measuring the African middle class and the entrepreneurial class which is coming forth on this basis. A main instrument used for this endeavour is aggregation of some few data over Africa; but this is not enough to draw strong conclusions. Second, the scarce evidence on the assumed role of the African middle class as a seedbed of entrepreneurship and managerial competencies is discussed and evaluated. The main issue is the role of the African middle class in overcoming the «missing middle» of small and medium sized companies. There is a general discussion about Africa’s «missing middle», the assumed gap in terms of small and medium sized companies between the many mostly informal microenterprises and the large public and private companies. It is argued that the concepts of the African middle class used in the literature and the ways of defining and measuring it do not allow a deep investigation of entrepreneurship development and the identification of a growing entrepreneurial class in Africa. The main reason is that the economic lives of the various segments of the African middle class are so different. Also, the poor and the rich classes in Africa have distinct economic lives which partly overlap with those of lower and upper segments of the African middle class. Third, there is a lack of differentiating the African middle class with regard of the potential for entrepreneurship development, the establishment of entrepreneurial value systems (education, health, saving and investing), and the role in developing local industries (based on increasing middle class consumption). Any change towards the development of growth oriented small and medium-sized enterprises - between survival and micro enterprises at the lower end and large capitalist and conglomerate enterprises at the upper end - is of interest. Most important is to know more about the role of the African middle class in developing growth-oriented enterprises. It is also of interest to see how governments in Africa can support entrepreneurship and management competences based on specific African middle class segments, along with strategies to use the entrepreneurial potential of the poor and the rich classes. The purpose of the paper is to give evidence on the developmental role of the African Middle Class, by focussing on the «missing middle» of enterprises in Africa and the types of entrepreneurship being associated with the growth of the middle class. After the Introduction in Section 1 there is in Section 2 a discussion on Defining and Measuring the African Middle Class: What about Developmental Implications and Prospects? In Section 3 is a presentation on Africa’s Middle Class and the «Missing Middle» of Enterprises: New Potentials for the Growth of Enterprises? In Section 4 there are Conclusions and Policy Recommendations. This is an economists’ view, but much more interdisciplinary work is needed to cover the issues (and this is done in the collection of essays by Henning Melber, Editor, 2016).
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Beuving, Joost. "American cars in Cotonou: culture in African entrepreneurship and the making of a globalising trade." Journal of Modern African Studies 53, no. 3 (2015): 317–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x15000373.
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ABSTRACTTraders in Cotonou (Bénin), a prominent hub in the Euro–West African second-hand car trade, traditionally sold cars imported from Europe. Since the 2000s however, more and more cars are being imported from the US. Anthropological study of one group of entrepreneurs active in this new business, traders from Niger, reveals an African entrepreneurship at work that follows a distinct social pattern: traders are groomed in close kinship ties in West Africa and then develop new social ties with overseas migrants. Their trade thus becomes embedded in more globalised networks, yet at the same time it loosens and that works against profitable business. Close analysis of their careers reveals a cultural pattern that compels entrepreneurs to become traders, economic opportunity notwithstanding. Whether this is representative of Africa's changing place in the global economic order remains to be seen; however, this article suggests how culture in entrepreneurship may be key to understanding that.
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Ndemo, Elijah Bitange, and Ben Mkalama. "GLOBALIZATION: DO AFRICAN WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS MATTER?" International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research 1, no. 2 (2020): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijmer.v1i2.8.
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Even with the increased number of women enterprises and efforts to help women entrepreneurs in Africa exploit the potential benefits globalization, gender inequalities (perception and treatment of women in Africa) still stand in their way. This paper seeks to address three questions: First, what the literature suggests with respect to re-thinking alternative analytical approaches to a new understanding of globalization, entrepreneurship and gender equality in global commerce. This will be followed by the question on how Africa conceptualizes women entrepreneurship and lastly, if the current African conceptualization of women entrepreneurs could precipitate exploitation of opportunities that the emerging global order presents. The literature suggests that women still have a long way to go in changing environmental forces and perceptions to fully exploit their potential in the global stage. A new theoretical way of analyzing their progress is imperative.
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SHERIFF, MICHAEL, and MORENO MUFFATTO. "REVIEWING EXISTING POLICIES FOR UNLEASHING AND FOSTERING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SELECTED AFRICAN COUNTRIES." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 19, no. 03 (2014): 1450016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946714500162.
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Public Policies are vital for unleashing and fostering entrepreneurship in every society. This paper reviewed the national policies for the promotion and support of productive entrepreneurial activities aimed at enhancing the achievement of entrepreneurial economic growth in three countries in Africa. This is an explorative multiple case study that has used national and international documents and reports to examine the state and nature of the entrepreneurship policies in Kenya, Rwanda and Tanzania. The selected countries are all members of the East African Community. The findings revealed what has been accomplished and what challenges policymakers face in improving entrepreneurial performance. The comparison showed the major similarities and dissimilarities between countries and which countries are performing fairly well in specific policy areas. From the findings, an entrepreneurship policy framework was developed that takes into account the type and level of entrepreneurship being practiced. This could be useful to policymakers taking into consideration that entrepreneurship exists in the formal and informal sectors at the national level. At the regional level, the similarities of policies could be a starting point for a regional entrepreneurship policy because entrepreneurial economic growth of countries and regions is a strong indicator of successful entrepreneurship policies.
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Asongu, Simplice A., and Vanessa S. Tchamyou. "The impact of entrepreneurship on knowledge economy in Africa." Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies 8, no. 1 (2016): 101–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeee-08-2015-0045.
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Purpose – This paper aims to assess how entrepreneurship affects knowledge economy (KE) in Africa. Design/methodology/approach – Entrepreneurship is measured by indicators of starting, doing and ending business. The four dimensions of the World Bank’s index of KE are used. Instrumental variable panel-fixed effects are applied on a sample of 53 African countries for the period of 1996-2010. Findings – The following are some of the findings. First, creating an enabling environment for starting business can substantially boost most dimensions of KE. Second, doing business through mechanisms of trade globalization has positive effects from sectors that are not information and communication technology (ICT) and high-tech oriented. Third, the time required to end business has negative effects on KE. Practical implications – The findings confirm the narrative that the technology in African countries at the moment may be more imitative and adaptive for reverse engineering in ICTs and high-tech products. Given the massive consumption of ICT and high-tech commodities in Africa, the continent has to start thinking of how to participate in the global value chain of producing what it consumes. Originality/value – This paper has a twofold motivation. First, given the ambitions of African countries of moving towards knowledge-based economies, the line of inquiry is timely. Second, investigating the nexus may have substantial poverty mitigation and sustainable development implications. These entail, inter alia, the development of technology with value-added services; enhancement of existing agricultural practices; promotion of conditions that are essential for competitiveness; and adjustment to globalization challenges.
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Ngwaba, Chigozie Andy, and SeyedSoroosh Azizi. "Effectiveness of tax reform on entrepreneurship." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 9, no. 1 (2019): 94–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-07-2019-0060.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of tax reform on entrepreneurship in South Africa using repeated cross-sectional data from the World Bank. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopts a difference-in-difference estimation technique as well as contrasting periods before and after the tax reform. This contrast is achieved by examining individuals in the formal and informal sector and measuring the effectiveness of the reform on self-employment. Findings The results indicate that the tax reform had a positive and significant effect on the probability of becoming self-employed in South Africa and is robust across different econometric specifications. Originality/value The authors use individual-level data to measure the effectiveness of a tax reform policy on entrepreneurship. Utilizing the South African post-Apartheid tax reform as a natural experiment allows the authors to identify the effects of taxes on the choice of becoming self-employed.
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Njaramba, Jane, Hilary Whitehouse, and Darren Lee-Ross. "Approach towards female African migrant entrepreneurship research." Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues 5, no. 4 (2018): 1043–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2018.5.4(24).
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Mwega. "Informal entrepreneurship in an African urban area." Small Enterprise Development 2, no. 3 (1991): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0957-1329.1991.028.
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Kabongo, Jean D., and John O. Okpara. "Entrepreneurship education in sub‐Saharan African universities." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 16, no. 4 (2010): 296–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13552551011054499.
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Naudé, Wim. "Entrepreneurship and the Reallocation of African Farmers." Agrekon 55, no. 1-2 (2016): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03031853.2016.1160507.
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Ede, Fred O., Bhagaban Panigrahi, and Stephen E. Calcich. "African American Students' Attitudes Toward Entrepreneurship Education." Journal of Education for Business 73, no. 5 (1998): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08832329809601647.
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Onwuegbuzie, Henrietta N., and Oluwasoye P. Mafimisebi. "Global relevance of scaling African indigenous entrepreneurship." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 166 (May 2021): 120629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120629.
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M, Tirivangasi H. "Fostering Entrepreneurship Education among Women and Girls in South Africa: Destroying the Gendered and Encultured Patriachies." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 6(J) (2018): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i6(j).2019.
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Gender inequality has been in existence in as much as the humans themselves. The South African women and girls like many other societies around the world are also suffering from the lack of opportunities whilst men still receive favorable treatment. The government of South Africa engaged in the promotion of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) as part of empowerment projects for the Black people since the attainment of democratic rule in 1994. Entrepreneurship continues to play an integral role in the South African economy as well as the economies of many developing countries around the world. The creation of new Small and Medium businesses activities contributes to economic growth, job creation, better livelihood of people involved and the communities which surround them. However, there has been a lack of women participation in entrepreneurship businesses in South Africa. Women continue to shy away from starting SMEs. Research reveals that an approximately 6, 2 percent of South African adult women were involved in SMEs in 2015. This is an appalling situation if South Africa is going to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDG, goal number five encourages States to ‘Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls’. The aim of this paper is to identify challenges faced by female entrepreneurs in South Africa, which makes their survival difficult within a patriarchal society.The empirical analysis is based largely on data from information available from sources such as journals, dissertations, thesis, books, conference reports, internet sources, and policy briefs relating to women and entrepreneurship.
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M, Tirivangasi H. "Fostering Entrepreneurship Education among Women and Girls in South Africa: Destroying the Gendered and Encultured Patriachies." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 6 (2018): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i6.2019.
Full textAbstract:
Gender inequality has been in existence in as much as the humans themselves. The South African women and girls like many other societies around the world are also suffering from the lack of opportunities whilst men still receive favorable treatment. The government of South Africa engaged in the promotion of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) as part of empowerment projects for the Black people since the attainment of democratic rule in 1994. Entrepreneurship continues to play an integral role in the South African economy as well as the economies of many developing countries around the world. The creation of new Small and Medium businesses activities contributes to economic growth, job creation, better livelihood of people involved and the communities which surround them. However, there has been a lack of women participation in entrepreneurship businesses in South Africa. Women continue to shy away from starting SMEs. Research reveals that an approximately 6, 2 percent of South African adult women were involved in SMEs in 2015. This is an appalling situation if South Africa is going to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDG, goal number five encourages States to ‘Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls’. The aim of this paper is to identify challenges faced by female entrepreneurs in South Africa, which makes their survival difficult within a patriarchal society.The empirical analysis is based largely on data from information available from sources such as journals, dissertations, thesis, books, conference reports, internet sources, and policy briefs relating to women and entrepreneurship.
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Brijlal, Pradeep, and Priscilla Brijlal. "Entrepreneurial Knowledge and Aspirations of Dentistry Students in South Africa." Industry and Higher Education 27, no. 5 (2013): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2013.0171.
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An investigation of the intentions and knowledge of entrepreneurship of final-year university dentistry students is reported, with particular regard to the factors of gender and race. A questionnaire survey was used with final-year dentistry students, over two years, at the University of the Western Cape in South Africa. The findings show that dentistry students across race and gender groups believed that entrepreneurship education was important. At least half of the students showed an interest in starting a business practice soon after their graduation and completion of a mandatory one-year internship, with more male students indicating an interest in starting a business than female students. More Black African students indicated interest compared to other race groups (Coloureds, Whites and Indians). There were no significant differences between male and female students with regard to knowledge of entrepreneurship, but there were significant differences with regard to race in the scores for knowledge of entrepreneurship, with White students scoring the highest and African students the lowest. The authors conclude that entrepreneurship education should be included in the curriculum in the final year of dentistry studies to encourage business practice start-up soon after the one-year internship period, with the aim of contributing to growth in employment.
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Kalitanyi, Vivence. "African immigrants in South Africa: Job takers or job creators?" South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 13, no. 4 (2010): 376–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v13i4.91.
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During the last decade African immigrants have been met with and exposed to severe forms of hostility towards their presence in this country. A significant number of these migrants have successfully applied their entrepreneurial flair in establishing small enterprises and employing workers, often to the envy of their local counterparts. This paper presents the findings of an empirical study conducted in 2007 on job creation by African immigrant entrepreneurs for South Africans with face-to-face interviews with 120 African immigrant entrepreneurs. These findings were triangulated 7 non-governmental organisations that interact with immigrants in Cape Town. A review of the literature on migration, entrepreneurship and immigrant entrepreneurs formed the basis for the study The findings indicate that more than 80% of African immigrant entrepreneurs interviewed employ South Africans in their businesses. Despite a generally negative national perception towards immigrants, this study has also revealed that entrepreneurial skills are transferred from immigrant entrepreneurs to their South African employees. Whilst the study was only conducted in the suburban areas of Cape Town, the researcher believes that the results represent the general trend for South Africa. Furthermore, the study only involved those migrants who come from African continent. The overall result is the acknowledgement of the contribution that non-citizens are making to the country’s growth and development. The findings suggest recommendations geared towards policy changes regarding South African immigration law, an inclusive research about the role of immigrants on job creation in South Africa, as well as the consideration of immigrant entrepreneurs when allocating financial support.