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Journal articles on the topic 'African Growth'
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1
Klaver, Mark, and Michael Trebilcock. "Chinese Investment in Africa." Law and Development Review 4, no. 1 (2011): 168–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1943-3867.1126.
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Chinese investment in Africa has increased rapidly over the past two decades. This paper asks how, why, whether it is good or bad, and what Africans can do about it. On how, the Chinese government actively promotes liberal investment regulations in Africa. It also keeps close contact with major Chinese enterprises investing on the continent. On why, the motivation behind Chinese investment in Africa is self-interested: China primarily wants Africa’s natural resources. China also seeks to access local markets, and to capitalize on Africa's preferential trade access to the West. On whether Chinese investment is good or bad for Africa, African economies are growing at unprecedented rates, partly due to Chinese investment. This paper highlights seven reasons Chinese investment contributes to African growth. But it also reveals three drawbacks to Chinese investment in Africa. On what Africans can do about Chinese investment, Africa can capitalize on it by proactively promulgating a tax code that promotes African development. The tax code's goal should be to use Chinese investment and natural resource revenues to develop Africa’s manufacturing sector through infrastructure, special economic zones, and education. Thus, this paper maintains that although Chinese investment in Africa is not unambiguously advantageous, it presents major opportunities for African development.
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Beuving, J. Joost. "ETHNOGRAPHIES OF MARGINALITY." Africa 86, no. 1 (2016): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972015000960.
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Africanist discourse today displays a strong, widespread and growing sense of optimism about Africa's economic future. After decades of decline and stagnation in which Africa found itself reduced to the margins of the global economic stage, upbeat Afro-optimism seems fully justified. One only needs to consider African economies' solid growth rates, the emergence of new export markets earning unprecedented quantities of foreign exchange, and the rise of novel groups such as innovative African entrepreneurs (Taylor 2012) and urban-based middle classes (Simone 2004). Ironically, Africa's bright future stands in strong contrast to the stagnancy of European and American economic powers, once seen as superior to their African relatives. Deeply held feelings of Afro-pessimism, affecting intellectuals as well as ordinary Africans, are thus giving way to almost millennial expectations of Africa's economic future: the continent's imminent catching up with a degree of private and public prosperity so commonly registered elsewhere on the globe. Some go as far as to declare the rise of a proper African renaissance wherein Africa can (finally!) claim its rightful position on the global stage.
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Enaifoghe, Andrew O., and Toyin C. Adetiba. "South African Economic Development in SADC Sub-Regional Integration." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1(J) (2018): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1(j).2097.
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Following the end of colonialism in the Southern African sub-region, the SADC has experienced a thorough rearrangement with South Africa as the front-runner as opposed to her pre-1994 stance on integration. African regional cooperation has nevertheless been revitalised in some ways as a result of the two major events which started in the beginning of the 1990s that include the abolition of the apartheid regime in South Africa, and the eventual stabilisation of both political and economic relationships in the Southern Africa sub-region. This study employs the use of content analyses to assess the position of South Africa investments in SADC. Through the use ofregional integration, the studyfurther examined various South Africa’s Key Economy Performance since 1994 which are the main contributing factors to South African economic growth; furthermore it looks at her material, commodity and political investment in the subregional integration process to determine if it serves as the strategy for National Economic Development for South Africa.The paper find out thatregardless of South Africa’s economic clout within the SADC region, its Foreign Direct Investment is predominantly from its investment and market penetration of Southern Africa region while maintaining constant economic growth.
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D. Awolusi, Olawumi, and Olufemi P. Adeyeye. "Impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in Africa." Problems and Perspectives in Management 14, no. 2 (2016): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(2-2).2016.04.
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Several studies have been conducted to examine the influence of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow on economic growth. Indeed, the overall evidence is best characterized as mixed. This paper investigates the effect of FDI on economic growth in some randomly selected African economies from 1980 to 2013, using a modified growth model by Agrawal and Khan (2011). This model consists of Gross Domestic Product, Human Capital, International Technology Transfer, Labor Force, FDI and Gross Capital Formation (GCF). Ordinary least squares and generalized method of moments were used as the estimation techniques. Of all the results, only Gross Capital Formation, Human Capital, and International Technology Transfer in the Central African Republic were found not to have any statistically significant influence on economic growth. In general, the impact of FDI on economic growth in African countries is limited or negligible. Consequently, this study observes that a 1% increase in FDI would result in a 0.12% increase in GDP for South Africa, a 0.05% increase in Egypt, a 0.03% increase in Nigeria, a 0.02% increase in Kenya, and a 1% increase in GDP in the Central African Republic. The findings also reveal that South Africa’s growth is more affected by FDI than the other four countries. The study also provides possible reasons behind South Africa’s great show of FDI and the lessons other African countries could learn from South Africa better utilization of FDI. This study integrates the related drivers of the effectiveness and success of FDI
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Asche, Helmut. "Down to Earth Again: The Third Stage of African Growth Perceptions." Africa Spectrum 50, no. 3 (2015): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971505000306.
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Research on African economies has arrived at the third stage of perceptions in recent times – after “Africa's growth tragedy” and “Emerging Africa,” we have now come back down to earth. An analysis of five stylised facts contributes to the sobering account: per capita income levels rising only moderately; “hyperglobalisation” or “peak trade” in the world economy likely coming to an end; African economies exhibiting limited structural change; employment and labour productivity trends going somewhat in the wrong direction and at the expense of manufacturing; and industrialisation peaking earlier in global development and at lower levels of employment, rendering an industry-led development path for Africa even more difficult than previously thought. By analysing these trends, we are better able to pinpoint the challenges that governments, parliaments, and the private sector will face in terms of defining policies to sustain the impressive record of the growth period in Africa which began in the mid-1990s and continues today. As the continent's growth was, despite inflated figures on African middle classes, not inclusive enough, sympathy for all sorts of cash transfer programmes, including unconditional transfers, is rising in formerly reticent quarters. Fresh excitement over social subsidies in Africa should, however, not come at the expense of smart productive subsidies, which have the potential to tackle the agro-industrial root causes of the limited structural change recorded.
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Nambei Asoba, Samson, and Robertson K. Tengeh. "Challenges to the growth of African immigrant-owned businesses in selected craft markets in Cape Town, South Africa." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 3 (2016): 410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(3-2).2016.14.
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This paper sought to ascertain the factors that impact on the growth of African immigrant-owned craft businesses in selected craft markets. The purposive and snowball non-probability sampling technique was deemed to be the best method to use in this study to select the respondents. The study utilized a mixed method approach to collect and analyze data. Questionnaires (quantitative) were administered to 122 African immigrant entrepreneurs, and in-depth interviews (qualitative) were conducted with the three municipality managers responsible for the four selected craft markets. The quantitative data were analyzed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, and face-to- face interviews were analysed by content analysis. Pushed by the need to survive and pulled by the many tourists in South Africa, African immigrant entrepreneurs turned to the craft business Seasonal and irregular nature of trade, competition, and xenophobia were noted to be the main growth challenges. Recommendations were made to the relevant stakeholders. Keywords: African immigrant entrepreneur, business growth, survivalist businesses, craft markets, SMEs. JEL Classification: M10, M13
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Nweke, Kizito Chinedu. "The Renaissance of African Spiritualities vis-à-vis Christianity: Adopting the Model of Mutual Enrichment." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 48, no. 2 (2019): 237–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008429819830360.
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Christianity has been dominant in many parts of Africa especially since its colonial contact. Recently, however, there is a surge of interest in reviving indigenous spiritualities among Africans, both in Africa and in the diaspora. In Lagos, Nigeria, for example, shrines compete with churches and mosques for adherents and positions. Among the Igbos, a form of convenient interreligiousness has been developed in the society. When issues of practical expediency arise, the Christian would have the option of referring back to his/her traditional religion. Beyond Africa, the rise of African spiritualities has become conspicuous. For various reasons, ranging from Afrocentrism to anti-religious tendencies to the popular religions, from racial animosity to politico-economic ideologies, a lot of people, Africans and non-Africans, are embracing the neo-African spiritualities. This article is a study addressing this revival, by critically analyzing the reasons for its re-emergence, the challenges that have accompanied the revival and the implications of it in the Christian–African spirituality relationship. Can this renaissance in African spirituality bring forth or support a renaissance in Africa? Africa has about 450 million Christians, about 40% of the continent’s population. People of African origin equally make up a good number of Christians outside Africa. In other words, Christianity is decisive, ideologically and structurally, not just as a religion but also in the socio-political life of Africans. Finding a way to harmonize Christianity and African spiritualities, especially in the face of this renaissance, for the growth of Africa, is the aim of this article. Hence, it suggests the model of “Mutual Enrichment.”
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Anderson, Allan. "Exorcism And Conversion To African Pentecostalism." Exchange 35, no. 1 (2006): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157254306776066960.
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AbstractThe rapid growth of Pentecostal forms of Christianity in Africa in recent years can partly be attributed to the prevalent practice of exorcism or 'deliverance' that characterises it. This essay considers the phenomenon from the perspective of the African popular religious spirit world, where spirits and 'demons' abound. It begins with a discussion of the 'translation' of pre-modern African religious ideas into Christian discourse, and gives several case studies from West Africa and especially from Southern Africa. It concludes that Pentecostal Christianity with its offer of 'deliverance' from evil powers fulfils a felt need and therefore produces a 'product' that is attractive in Africa's religious market, resulting in multiple conversions.
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Ahwireng-Obeng, Fred, and Desmond Piaray. "Institutional obstacles to South African entrepreneurship." South African Journal of Business Management 30, no. 3 (1999): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v30i3.758.
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Institutional risk factors exert a powerful negative influence on entrepreneurial investment decisions in South Africa. This conclusion emerges from a study of South African manufacturing and service sectors based on a previous one conducted on a world-wide scale by the World Bank in 1997. The South African study examines six institutional variables by sector-type and market-access and finds that entrepreneurs of young, small and non-exporting firms particularly perceive these institutional obstacles as a real problem most of the time. This observation compares closely with the World Bank's report on sub-Saharan Africa. There are several implications for the finding. Despite far-reaching institutional reforms much more will be required if South Africa's transition to a democratic polity and open, liberal economy is to yield the widely-expected post-apartheid dividends of rapid economic growth, high levels of employment and more equitable distribution of income and wealth. In the present circumstances, the country's prospective role as a growth-pole for Southern African regional development and the propelling force of an African renaissance is unlikely to materialise.
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Davis, William. "The African Growth and Opportunity Act and the African Continental Free Trade Area." AJIL Unbound 111 (2017): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2017.92.
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This essay assesses and evaluates the extent to which the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) increased imports from AGOA eligible countries to the United States from 2001 to 2015. The essay then examines how African countries can make the most of the preferences granted under AGOA, arguing that AGOA national utilization strategies have proven successful. In the final part, the essay explores options for future U.S.-Africa trade relations after the AGOA expires in 2025, proposing approaches that would best support African development. In this regard, this essay argues that, since Congress is unlikely to renew AGOA in its current form and since AGOA will likely be replaced with an arrangement requiring some degree of reciprocity, it will be very important for (1) the African Union's Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA) to be implemented before any new U.S.-Africa trading arrangement comes into force and (2) for negotiations for any future U.S.-Africa trading arrangement not to mimic the negotiations conducted for the Economic Partnership Agreements with the European Union.
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Ravenhill, John. "Adjustment with Growth: a Fragile Consensus." Journal of Modern African Studies 26, no. 2 (1988): 179–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00010430.
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Six years of intense debate have produced a measure of agreement on a solution for Africa's malaise. This is captured by the latest catchphrase of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, ‘Adjustment with Growth’, which implicitly acknowledge past errors by African governments – or, minimally, that a continuation of previous policies is no longer tenable in a changed external environment. An emphasis on ‘growth’ recognises that ‘adjustment’ must encompass more than ‘stabilisation’, that the continent needs additional externally-provided financial resources on concessional terms if import strangulation is not to exacerbate the downward economic spiral in which many countries are currently trapped. This fragile consensus is facing its first serious practical test as the World Bank attempts to extend its Structural Adjustment Lending programme in Africa. Clearly, significant differences remain between the attitudes of African governments and external donors, and within the academic community, on the sources of the continent's problems and on the policy measures that are needed to counteract them.
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Travaglino, Paola, Cristina Meazza, Sara Pagani, Giada Biddeci, and Mauro Bozzola. "Secular trends in growth of African Pygmies and Bantu." HORMONES 10, no. 2 (2011): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14310/horm.2002.1304.
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Patterson, Amy S. "African Christianity rising: Christianity's explosive growth in Africa." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines 49, no. 2 (2015): 440–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00083968.2015.1036520.
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Thompson, Carol B. "US trade with Africa: African growth & opportunity?" Review of African Political Economy 31, no. 101 (2004): 457–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305624042000295549.
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Koomson-Abekah, Isaac, and Eugene Chinweokwu Nwaba. "Africa-China investment and growth link." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 11, no. 2 (2018): 132–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-11-2017-0034.
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PurposeThis paper aims to investigate China–Africa Investment link, using over two decades of FDI’s data. During the specified periods, African economic growth path has been predominantly upward trending, despite multiple external threats. This impressive growth was partly because of the growth of FDI stock across the region. This study explores the various sources of FDI to Africa, mainly China’s FDI’s and how they influence African macroeconomic indicators, i.e. unemployment, export and import activities.Design/methodology/approachPesaran autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) is used as a framework to test the short-run and long-run relationship of indicators. Granger causality test checked the causality between growth and macroeconomic indicators.FindingsThe link between China’s FDI and African economic growth reported a negative/declining effect in both short and long run. In the long run, the effect of world FDI on growth was significant but not the in the short run. However, US FDI to Africa, China Export and Import from Africa reported an insignificant effect on growth. There was no evidence of Okun’s law, as a decrease in Africa unemployment does not increase growth. Overall, China’s FDI’s inflows to Africa are allocated to capital-intensive activities which has less labor employability. The Granger causality test reported a uni-directional link between growth and all series, except for human capital which experienced no link at all in all directions. Despite the issue of socio-infrastructure militating against growth in the region, African economy is likely to perform better, if more FDI’s are channeled into labor-intensive activities, because it has a reductive effect on unemployment.Research limitations/implicationsThe research considered point annual FDI data but not accumulated stock and is a macro-based study, i.e. regional economy.Practical implicationsThis paper bridged the literature gap in African investment performance by providing an empirical justification in understanding the inflow of FDI, especially China. This is a useful guard in policy design and implementations in the attraction of the right type of investment, so as to reduce unemployment and promote growth.Originality/valueThe authors confirm that this study has not been published elsewhere and is not under consideration in whole or in part by another journal.
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Banda, Handson, Hlanganipai Ngirande, and Fortune Hogwe. "The impact of economic growth on unemployment in South Africa: 1994-2012." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 2 (2016): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(2-1).2016.11.
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One of the most pressing problems facing the South African economy is unemployment, which has been erratic over the past few years. This paper analyzed the impact of economic growth on unemployment, using quarterly South African time series data from 1994-2012. The results of Johansen cointegration reflected that a long run equilibrium or relationship exists among the variables. In ascertaining the effects of macroeconomic variables thus REER, LP, GDP and BUG on unemployment in South Africa, the study utilized vector error correction model (VECM). The results of VECM indicated that GDP, BUG and REER have positive long run impact on unemployment whilst LP negatively impact unemployment. The study resulted in the following policy recommendation: South African government should redirect its spending towards activities that directly and indirectly promote creation of employment and decent jobs, a conducive environment and flexible labor market policies or legislations without impediments to employment creation should be created, and lastly government should prioritize industries that promote labor intensive. All this will help in absorbing large pools of the unemployed population thereby reducing unemployment in South Africa
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Ahmad, Sohail, Azka Gull, and Sehrish Irfan. "Sino-African Relations: Economic Opportunities and Challenges for China." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 3, no. 1 (2019): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/3.1.6.
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Africa is known for its massive labour force and natural resources. In terms of economic growth, African countries have faced prolonged phases of economic crises. China is a significant contributor in Africa’s economic stability. This paper analyses and evaluates the current opportunities and challenges related to China’s engagements in Africa and its policies for triggering economic development in African countries. China’s comprehensive approach is more concentrated on the sustainable development of the domestic infrastructure and job creation for the Africa communities. But there exists a gap in the current Chinese policies that have deepened the concerns of the locals about economic growth and progress. China needs to develop policies that would be mutually beneficial, these policies must ensure economic stability, job creation and growth. Various ongoing development projects initiated by the Chinese have in fact created insecurities amongst the Africans. This anxiety among the locals have become a major hurdle for China’s plans in the continent. Ongoing Chinese policies need to be innovative along with the integration of modern economic models. A reform in the current policies would ensure maximum benefits for both economic partners.
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Ugwuanyi, J. U., and Chukwudi Obinne. "Promoting Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa." Outlook on Agriculture 27, no. 1 (1998): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709802700109.
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Access to adequate food constitutes the most serious problem for most African households today. Low productivity rapid population growth, food aid and food importation, structural adjustment programmes, illiteracy, environmental degradation, poorly formulated and executed food policies, wars and political instability are among the factors held responsible for food insecurity and food inadequacy in Sub-Saharan Africa. The promotion of food security and improvement of living conditions of the African people should form the core of development programmes in Africa for years to come. Therefore, policy reversals are urgently needed to put Africa on the path of development, and a cooperative regionalism is advocated. Africans both at home and in the diaspora must collectively assume the responsibility for the advancement of African agriculture and economy.
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Abdel Wahab, Prof Dr Mohamed S. "ICSID’s Relevance for Africa: A Symbiotic Bond Beyond Time." ICSID Review - Foreign Investment Law Journal 34, no. 2 (2019): 519–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/siz022.
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Abstract Africa's human, natural and legal diversity and wealth have always positioned the Continent as a desired investment destination. Historically, Africa contributed in shaping the ISDS system, and since the turn of the 21st Century, the Continent is witnessing considerable economic growth and is attracting many investors from around the world and especially China, which strengthens Africa's integration in the global economy. The past decade has also witnessed an increase in the number of BITs signed by African States, as well as in the number of investment legislations enacted and modernized. This article addresses the increase of investment in the African Continent, the new Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and its potential for investments in the African Continent, sheds light on the status quo of the African arbitration landscape, provides an overview of the ICSID-Africa symbiotic relationship, emphasizes the uniqueness of the ICSID system in offering adequate dispute resolution schemes for investment disputes involving African parties and concludes by offering some concluding remarks and observations on the future of arbitration on the African Continent.
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Miao, Miao, Qiaoqi Lang, Dinkneh Gebre Borojo, Jiang Yushi, and Xiaoyun Zhang. "The Impacts of Chinese FDI and China–Africa Trade on Economic Growth of African Countries: The Role of Institutional Quality." Economies 8, no. 3 (2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies8030053.
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While there is a consensus on the expanding importance of the China–Africa economic relationship, there is much more debate on how to portray the relationship. Thus, this study is aimed to examine the impacts of the China–Africa trade and Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) on the growth of African countries controlling the mediating role of institutional quality. The two-step system Generalized method of moments (GMM) model is applied using robust data for the period of 2003–2017. Drawing on complementary theoretical perspectives, this study took into account the conditional effect of China–Africa trade and Chinese FDI subject to the institutional quality of African countries and the interdependence of China–Africa trade and Chinese FDI to African countries. The benign impacts of the China–Africa trade and Chinese FDI on economic growth to African countries remain contingent upon appropriate policy action to improve the institutional quality of African countries and the synergies between the China–Africa trade and Chinese FDI to African countries.
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Sanyal, Sovon. "Trailing the Growth from Nativism to Africanity in Lusophone African Poetry." Lingua Cultura 4, no. 2 (2010): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v4i2.357.
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Article explored the development of African poetry, that is from nativism to be Africanity, in Lusophone African poetries. The study used library research by analysing the impact of printing press, public education, and freedom of expression emergences toward literary activities in Portuguese colonies in Africa. In this regard ethnological and historical studies on the colonies had an important role to play for the later development of nationalism among the colonised African peoples. Article’s discussion concerned with describing proper literary activities in Portuguese began in the Lusophone countries of Africa, poetry characterization by the “black” and “white” presentations, added by some example of poetries. It can be concluded the problematic of colour is present in African poems in Portuguese right from its inception, The common purpose of the nineteenth century Lusophone African poets was to discover the regional cultural history and identity, which was denied to them for centuries by the foreign rulers.
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LEE, P. C., and C. J. MOSS. "Statural growth in known-age African elephants (Loxodonta africana)." Journal of Zoology 236, no. 1 (1995): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1995.tb01782.x.
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Young, Alwyn. "The African Growth Miracle." Journal of Political Economy 120, no. 4 (2012): 696–739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/668501.
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Loussouarn, G. "African hair growth parameters." British Journal of Dermatology 145, no. 2 (2001): 294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04350.x.
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Khodabocus, Fareeda. "Challenges to Doctoral Education in Africa." International Higher Education, no. 85 (March 14, 2016): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2016.85.9246.
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Doctoral education in Africa is at a turning point and African universities are called upon to act as the focal points for growth in African development. African Studies reveal that the growth of doctoral education in the leading universities in Africa are increasing but at a slow rate and universities, must be motivated to produce enough doctorates to contribute to growth of their knowledge economies. The need to create high-level skills demand on the job market is evinced and African universities must be driven by their governments, private sectors and academic communities to generate more doctorates in supply to its labor market.
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Tsekpoe, Christian. "Contemporary Prophetic and Deliverance Ministry Challenges in Africa." Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 36, no. 4 (2019): 280–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265378819866217.
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This paper contends that in Africa, the belief in the reality of the spirit world is a persistent phenomenon, which occupies a significant place in their religiosity. By building their theologies around the existential needs of the African people, the prophetic and deliverance ministries represent a contextual approach to Christianity in Africa. Nevertheless, an examination of the strengths and weaknesses of these ministries reveal that their approach may fit well into the African cultural milieu, but their emphasis is a threat to the progress of Christian discipleship in Africa and among Africans in the diaspora. Despite their rapid numerical growth, the deliverance ministries cannot bring the African out of the fear of witchcraft and other supernatural powers. The paper concludes that to be able to mitigate the challenges of these ministries, pragmatic solutions being discussed at the academic levels must be made accessible to grassroots prophets.
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Louw, Eric, and Gary Mersham. "Packing for Perth: The Growth of a Southern African Diaspora." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 10, no. 2 (2001): 303–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680101000204.
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Southern African decolonization, the civil war and post-apartheid turmoil are creating a Southern African diaspora across the Anglo world. Australia has become a popular destination within this diaspora that South Africans now refer to emigration in general as “packing for Perth.” Thus far, little work has been done on this migratory phenomenon. This article seeks to develop an overview of the birth and developments of this diaspora, with a focus on the growth of the South African Australian community. As an overview, the article provides insights on how this emergent diaspora relates to earlier migrations, the factors behind post-apartheid emigration, the patterns and characteristics of post-apartheid migration, and the significance of Australia as a destination for South African migrants.
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Aregbeshola, Rafiu Adewale. "The role of local financial market on economic growth." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 7, no. 2 (2016): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-06-2014-0048.
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Purpose – Capital market development has been identified as one of the critical underpinnings of economic growth, in the developed but more essentially in the developing economies. Evidence abounds on the virtues of adequately spanned capital markets to provide requisite capital needed to fund investment activities as well as infrastructural developments. Although, foreign capital may be sourced to supplement inadequate local capital base, the associated costs (both logistics and supervisory) are generally daring to consider as convenient alternatives. Various studies have examined the role of local financial market development on economic growth, but none have strictly generated a combined focus on the three major African groupings – the Southern, the Western and the Northern African regions. In addition, there is no documented study that has compared the economic performance of each of these three major economic groupings in Africa. The purpose of this paper is to fill these voids. Design/methodology/approach – Various econometric techniques that include descriptive statistics, unit root tests, dynamic panel estimations and Granger causality tests. Findings – Using data generated from the African development indicators between 1980 and 2012 in contemporary econometric estimations, this study finds that local financial markets play crucial roles in economic development of each of these groupings, albeit in varying magnitude. The study also observes that local financial market plays very little role in the overall economic development of the three groupings when interacted. Research limitations/implications – A limited dataset, which reduces the time span as well as the number of countries covered in the study. A wider coverage may have altered the result generated, especially for the pooled estimation. Practical implications – That African countries should develop local financial markets in order to improve their level of economic growth. Social implications – Low rate of economic development has created a lot of social stress in Africa. Further, the fact that African leaders have largely not been able to grow their national economies in a meaningful and sustainable manner further unnerves skittish entrepreneurial underdevelopment on the continent, thereby exacerbates incidence and prevalence of poverty, and consequent social uprisings on a number of occasions. Originality/value – This study finds that financial market plays an important role on economic growth, whereas the effects are lower in the Southern African region. More specifically, the effects of financial market development on economic growth are stronger in North and West Africa than in Southern African regions. Given that Southern Africa financial market is more developed than the other two regions, this finding buttresses the fact that financial market development is significantly more important as a growth-driver in less developed financial markets than in developed ones.
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Jerven, Morten. "AFRICAN GROWTH RECURRING: AN ECONOMIC HISTORY PERSPECTIVE ON AFRICAN GROWTH EPISODES, 1690–2010." Economic History of Developing Regions 25, no. 2 (2010): 127–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20780389.2010.527685.
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Frankema, Ewout, and Marlous Van Waijenburg. "Structural Impediments to African Growth? New Evidence from Real Wages in British Africa, 1880–1965." Journal of Economic History 72, no. 4 (2012): 895–926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050712000630.
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Recent literature on the historical determinants of African poverty has emphasized structural impediments to African growth, such as adverse geographical conditions, weak institutions, or ethnic heterogeneity. But has African poverty been a persistent historical phenomenon? This article checks such assumptions against the historical record. We push African income estimates back in time by presenting urban unskilled real wages for nine British African colonies (1880–1965). We find that African real wages were well above subsistence level and that they rose significantly over time. Moreover, in West Africa and Mauritius real wage levels were considerably higher than those in Asia.
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Taylor, Ian. "Sixty Years Later: Africa’s Stalled Decolonization." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, no. 1 (2020): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-1-39-53.
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The year 1960 marked the moment when the number of nominally independent African countries on the continent rose from nine to twenty-six and is a symbolic indicator of when Africa began to emerge from the days of European colonization. However, from the beginning, very few of Africa’s leaders sought to reorganize the continent’s economic structures and did virtually nothing to question its external exchange relations. Preferring to play the role of compradors, most preferred to stay wedded to their former colonial masters. Consequently, sixty years after the Year of Africa, most African countries continue to be entrenched in a set of connections that fit well with Kwame Nkrumah’s description of neocolonialism. This neocolonialism has a highly resilient material base which continues to maintain the continent in its subordinate global status and which perpetuates its underdevelopment. Sustainable growth and development in Africa continues to be blocked by the domination of external economies. African countries remain constrained from accumulating the necessary capital for auto-centric growth since the surplus is transferred overseas. Asymmetrical economic relationships are embodied by the continued supremacy of the core over Africa, something intrinsic to capitalism. Unequal exchange, the transfer of surplus i.e. the continued looting of Africa by its elites and their foreign associates, means that the dreams and aspirations of 1960, for the majority of Africans at least, have been frustrated.
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Mensah, Lord, Divine Allotey, Emmanuel Sarpong-Kumankoma, and William Coffie. "What debt threshold hampers economic growth in Africa?" International Journal of Development Issues 19, no. 1 (2019): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-03-2019-0056.
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Purpose This paper aims to test whether a debt threshold of public debt has any effect on economic growth in Africa. Design/methodology/approach The authors applied the panel autoregressive distributed models on 38 African countries with annual data from 1970 to 2015. It was established that the threshold and the trajectory of debt has an impact on economic growth. Findings Specifically, the authors found that public debt hampers economic growth when the depth is in the region of 20 to 80 per cent of GDP. Based on debt trajectory, this study established that increasing public debt beyond 50 to 80 per cent of GDP adversely affects economic growth in Africa. The study also finds that the persistent rise in debt also has adverse effect on economic growth in the African countries in the sample. It must be known to policymakers that the threshold of debt in developing countries, and for that matter African countries, are less than that of developed countries. Practical implications This study suggests threshold effects between 20 and 50 per cent; this should be a guide for policymakers in the accumulation of debt stock. Interestingly, the findings suggest some debt trajectory effect, which policymakers might consider by increasing efforts to reduce debt levels when they fall between 50 to 80 per cent of GDP. This implies that reducing such debt levels can help African countries increase their economic growth. Originality/value The study is unique because it seeks to add new evidence on the relationship between public debt and growth in the African region, by considering the impact of the persistent growth of public debt on economic growth.
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Khan, Mahmood H., and Mohsin S. Khan. "Agricultural Growth in China and Sub-Saharan African Countries (Distinguishedl Lecture)." Pakistan Development Review 34, no. 4I (1995): 429–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v34i4ipp.429-456.
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Agriculture remains a dominant sector in the economies of most African and several Asian countries. However, the poor performance of agriculture in Africa stands in sharp contrast to the robust agricultural growth in many Asian countries.2 In this regard, the experience of China is perhaps as impressive as it is relevant to many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. A general observation is that the productivity of land and labour has to rise through intensive agriculture, given the limited area of arable land (in China and Africa) and the high rates of growth of population (as in Africa). In many African countries, labour productivity has fallen and land productivity has not increased significantly. In China, productivities of both land and labour have increased significantly since at least the early 1980s. Agricultural output can increase in three ways: (i) get more from the same quantities of inputs through better utilisation of the existing capacity; (ii) use increased quantities of inputs; and (iii) use new techniques to raise the productivity of each input or raise the total product curve. All of these may require changes in tenurial arrangements, levels of investment in infrastructure and support services, and policies that affect the prices of outputs and inputs. A close examination of factors underlying the contrasting experiences in China and African countries reveals important differences in the institutional and policy environments affecting the individual behaviour with regard to the adoption and use of new (profitable) technologies to raise the land and labour productivities. This paper is intended to highlight the linkages between agricultural growth and the institutional, policy, and behavioural aspects, contrasting the experiences of China and African countries.
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Lamprecht, Norman, and Aletta Sophia Tolmay. "Performance Of South African Automotive Exports Under The African Growth And Opportunity Act From 2001 To 2015." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 16, no. 2 (2017): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v16i2.9927.
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The South African automotive industry is faced with the challenge of how to expand through exports in a saturated global automotive market, characterized by overcapacity. The vision of the South African automotive industry is to double its vehicle production to one million units per annum by 2020. However, domestic market limitations impede the ability to achieve sufficient economies of scale. Trade arrangements contribute towards increasing market access. The impact of the AGOA on automotive trade between the United States of America and South Africa was analyzed. It was found that the AGOA resulted in a substantial increase in two-way trade. Further research is encouraged with regard to the potential of regional integration in Africa for automotive exports from South African and the USA.
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Blunt, Peter, and Merrick Jones. "Managerial Motivation in Kenya and Malawi: a Cross-Cultural Comparison." Journal of Modern African Studies 24, no. 1 (1986): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00006790.
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Managers are increasingly seen as having a critically important rôle to play in development and nation-building,1and doubts concerning the appropriateness of transferring western ideas and practices to third-world countries are assuming urgent significance. Questions are posed about the impact of social and cultural factors on the management of organisations, and about relationships, between managerial thinking and behaviour and the national stage of economic growth. For example, A. Gladstone asserts that management is a key determinant in development in Africa's new nations, and notes that there has been little research and analysis concerning the evolving state of the managerial art in Africa, both in terms of what exists and what is needed … while management training for Africans has developed considerably, is this training the most appropriate? To what extent should traditional African management be discarded… are the various modern Western approaches relevant and effective in the setting up of African enterprises?2
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Durst, Brady Joseph, and Filippo Rebessi. "A Virus’ Effect on Growth: HIV’s Effect on African GDP Growth Rates." Journal of Student Research 7, no. 1 (2018): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47611/jsr.v7i1.278.
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The sexually transmitted disease, HIV, is a vicious virus with no cure whose prevalence spans the entire globe, with daily diagnoses in every country. Those most affected with the terrors of the sickness lie in its birthplace of Africa, where one in ten carry the strain; and in some African countries more than a quarter of the population is HIV positive (Hacker, 2002). Compared to other world regions, Africa has a severe health crisis spawned from this relentless and incurable sickness. However, while the severity of the virus is widely known, its economic implications are not as apparent. It has been wondered, and seems intuitively correct, that a virus this deadly and prominent would have major implications on the level of output amongst highly infected countries (Dixon and McDonald, 2002). After all, a virus of this size would seem to affect numerous economic stimulating activities, such as the savings rate, labor force participation and worker determination. The expectation is to find HIV prevalence as having a negative and significant correlation to long run, per capita GDP growth rates in Africa; however, given the data, a statistical conclusion cannot be made to prove this occurrence. Instead, through the use of linear regression, economic data infers HIV prevalence has little to no effect on Africa’s sluggish GDP growth.
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Ijirshar, Victor U., Gbatsoron Anjande, Joseph Fefa, and Bridget N. Mile. "The Growth-Differential Effects of Domestic Investment and Foreign Direct Investment in Africa." Central Bank of Nigeria Journal of Applied Statistics, Vol. 10 No. 2 (February 21, 2020): 139–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33429/cjas.10219.5/6.
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This paper employs dynamic panel models; Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and Mean Group (MG) estimators to assess the growth-differential effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Domestic Investment (DI) among 41 selected African countries from 1970 to 2017. The result of Hausman test shows that PMG estimator is preferred. The study found that FDI and DI are important grease for growth of African countries in the long-run. The study also found that inflows of FDI crowds-in DI in Africa and that there is significant difference in the growth effects of foreign direct investment and domestic investment while the joint effects of foreign direct investment and domestic investment on growth of African countries is found to be statistically significant. In the short-run, estimates show that foreign direct investment has negative influence on growth of 24 countries out of which four (Benin, Madagascar, Nigeria and Equatorial Guinea) are highly significant at 5% level, while the estimated influence of domestic investment on growth of most African countries was positive. This shows that foreign direct investment in Africa has negative effects on growth of host economies in the short-run. The study recommends that African governments should continually encourage domestic savings and investment as major source of growth and only consider FDI as a growth supplement.
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van Scheers, Louise. "Is there a link between economic growth and SMEs success in South Africa." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 2 (2016): 249–353. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(2-2).2016.09.
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This research analyzes whether there is a link between economic growth and SMEs success in South Africa. The South African economy can only grow with the contribution of growing sustainably SMEs which will accelerate economic growth. The research concluded that SME success has a positive impact on sustainable economic growth in South Africa and that there is a link between economic growth and SME success. The conducted research recommends that by improving the success rate of SME, the South Africa’s stagnating economy
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Agboola M, O., and M. Bacilar. "Can food availability influence economic growth – the case of African countries." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 60, No. 5 (2014): 232–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/95/2013-agricecon.
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There is a growing consensus that food security is vital to the general wellbeing of any economy, but a far less consensus on whether food security can spur economic growth in a country. Many economic growth strategies focus on specific interventions (trade openness index, tropical climatic variables, working age population share etc.), but many factors, such as food availability, female education and health outcomes, can potentially have a profound influence on economic growth. To explore this hypothesis more systematically, this paper employs a rich cross-country dataset of 124 countries to examine the impact of food security, using food availability as a proxy on economic growth. This paper examines the impact of food shortages on African economic growth rates. It does so by extending the Barro growth model to include food availability as a right hand-side variable and by distinguishing African countries with food shortages from others. Based on the cross-country regressions results, the paper concludes that the improved food availability indeed contributes to the improved economic growth in general, as well as in Africa.  
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Huang, Flora, and Horace Yeung. "Law–Finance–Growth Nexus in the Context of Africa." Law and Development Review 11, no. 2 (2018): 513–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2018-0028.
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Abstract This article seeks to put the law–finance–growth nexus into the context of Africa. As of 2017, the African Securities Exchanges Association has 27 securities exchanges as full members. The Johannesburg Stock Exchange is the most developed of all, especially with respect to its market capitalization. Its socio-legal proximity with the English system may provide a good explanation to its phenomenal growth relative to the rest in the region. However, such a socio-legal proximity is indeed shared by a number of other former British colonies such as Nigeria and Zimbabwe. Law alone may not account for the rise of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. Furthermore, this article seeks to argue whether there is a genuine need for the African countries to have a stock market, which requires highly evolved legal, market and governmental institutions and norms that often do not pre-exist in these countries. On the one hand, the article will look at Africa in general. On the other hand, it will put certain discussions into the context of selected African countries.
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Kalitanyi, Vivence. "African immigrants in South Africa: Job takers or job creators?" South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 13, no. 4 (2010): 376–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v13i4.91.
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During the last decade African immigrants have been met with and exposed to severe forms of hostility towards their presence in this country. A significant number of these migrants have successfully applied their entrepreneurial flair in establishing small enterprises and employing workers, often to the envy of their local counterparts. This paper presents the findings of an empirical study conducted in 2007 on job creation by African immigrant entrepreneurs for South Africans with face-to-face interviews with 120 African immigrant entrepreneurs. These findings were triangulated 7 non-governmental organisations that interact with immigrants in Cape Town. A review of the literature on migration, entrepreneurship and immigrant entrepreneurs formed the basis for the study The findings indicate that more than 80% of African immigrant entrepreneurs interviewed employ South Africans in their businesses. Despite a generally negative national perception towards immigrants, this study has also revealed that entrepreneurial skills are transferred from immigrant entrepreneurs to their South African employees. Whilst the study was only conducted in the suburban areas of Cape Town, the researcher believes that the results represent the general trend for South Africa. Furthermore, the study only involved those migrants who come from African continent. The overall result is the acknowledgement of the contribution that non-citizens are making to the country’s growth and development. The findings suggest recommendations geared towards policy changes regarding South African immigration law, an inclusive research about the role of immigrants on job creation in South Africa, as well as the consideration of immigrant entrepreneurs when allocating financial support.
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Crafford, D. "The church in Africa and the struggle for an African identity." Verbum et Ecclesia 14, no. 2 (1993): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v14i2.1064.
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The church in Africa experienced a tremendous growth during the twentieth century but is still in search of a true African identity. How can the church, in a process of enculteration, remain genuinely African and genuinely biblical? The role of African Traditional Religion, African Theology and the African Independent Church in the search for identity is described. In the end an effort is made to answer the question how the identity crisis in Africa can be solved.
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Fenrick, David E. "Book Review: African Christianity Rising: Christianity’s Explosive Growth in Africa." Missiology: An International Review 42, no. 2 (2014): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091829613518718e.
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Anderson, Allan Heaton. "Book Review: African Christianity Rising: Christianity's Explosive Growth in Africa." International Bulletin of Missionary Research 38, no. 2 (2014): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/239693931403800218.
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Krüger, L. P. "South African managers’ perceptions of black economic empowerment (BEE): A ‘sunset’ clause may be necessary to ensure future sustainable growth." Southern African Business Review 18, no. 1 (2019): 80–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1998-8125/5646.
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Transformational policies in South Africa, such as black economic empowerment (BEE), have increasingly and inextricably become part of the everyday political, economic and social life of all South Africans since the founding of the new democracy in April 1994. In this regard, South African businesses are subject to a whole array of mandatory regulations which specifically influence their operational capabilities and competitiveness to compete effectively and efficiently in both national and global markets. In a survey among 500 individual managers in South African businesses ranging from small, medium to large multinationals companies, it was found that BEE is well integrated into most of these organisations. However, the mounting resistance to and rejection of BEE that exists at management level can also increasingly be seen at the intellectual level of the population through public discourse in the daily newspapers, in which BEE is essentially viewed as a perpetuation of past injustices. The African National Congress (ANC) government must take cognisance of the negative influence that BEE has had on South Africa over the last more or less ten years and accept that a ‘sunset’ or termination clause needs to be set before too much further damage is done to the economy of the country and its world competiveness ranking.
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Posel, Deborah. "Getting Inside the Skin of the Consumer: Race, Market Research and the Consumerist Project in Apartheid South Africa." Itinerario 42, no. 1 (2018): 120–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115318000116.
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This article engages questions of colonial intimacy in the context of the market – specifically, by white commercial sector in apartheid South Africa to lure black South Africans into burgeoning consumer markets. I focus on the 1960s, when the exercise in racial domination grew more ambitious and coercive, at the same time as buoyant economic growth efforts spurred consumerist desire. African consumers were largely invisible and incomprehensible to white businesspeople, who turned to advertisers and market researchers to bring ‘the African consumer’ to light. This was largely an epistemological challenge – the pursuit of new modes of knowledge about African people, and especially the material intimacies of their daily lives. This article examines this knowledge-making project, along with the anxieties, lapses and contradictions that inhered in it.
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Cooper, Adam, Chipo Mukonza, Eleanor Fisher, et al. "Mapping Academic Literature on Governing Inclusive Green Growth in Africa: Geographical Biases and Topical Gaps." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (2020): 1956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051956.
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A strong indigenous capacity for credible, salient and legitimate knowledge production is crucial to support African countries in developing their economies and societies inclusively and sustainably. In this article, we aim to quantify the current and historic capacity for African knowledge production to support the green economy in Africa, and identify important topical gaps. With a focus on topics relating to Governing Inclusive Green Growth in Africa (GIGGA), our research mapped how much Africa-focused research is being produced, from where and which African countries have higher or lower supply; and the topical focus of the research, mapping it against the African GIGGA policy discourses visible in government strategies. To do this we undertook a systematic review using a two-stage process, mapping the literature for GIGGA. This resulted in 960 verified citations. Content analysis of core metadata and article abstracts enabled mapping of the research focus. The analysis revealed a significant role for South Africa as both the pre-eminent producer of GIGGA literature as well as the geographic focus of GIGGA research, with Nigeria, Ethiopia and Kenya representing emerging loci of credible, African-relevant knowledge production. Topically, there was a strong emphasis on development, policy and environment while topics important for growth that is inclusive in character were infrequent or absent. Overall the results reinforced the view that investment is needed in research on inclusive green growth, linked to capacity building for knowledge production systems in Africa. Furthermore, from a policy perspective, policy makers and academics need to actively explore best to collaborate to ensure that academic research informs government policy.
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Mosikari, Teboho Jeremiah. "The Relationship between Trade Openness and GDP Growth Rate: The Case of South Africa (1994Q1-2008Q4)." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 5, no. 10 (2013): 669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v5i10.440.
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Despite substantial economic restructuring, South Africa’s post-1994 export performance is less than what might have been expected or hoped for. The study examines the trade-openness ledgrowth hypothesis in the South African economy. Further, the study uses conventional cointegration approach called Johansen cointegration technique to determine the long-run relationship between trade openness and GDP growth. The cointegration tests show that there exists long-run relationship between trade openness and GDP growth at 1% and 5% significance level. Therefore, the study also applies an error correction model to determine the speed of adjustment and the short-term determinants of GDP growth in South Africa. In considering trade openness measures, it indicates that they are generally less pivotal and have an even smaller effect than had been anticipated. The study also adopts Granger causality tests to examine whether growth in trade openness stimulate GDP growth (or vice versa). The results suggest that in all trade openness measures that are used, there is weak evidence suggesting causality from GDP to exports or vice versa. The study recommends that openness trade policy will be beneficial strategy for South Africa in the long-run. Therefore, it is suggested that the South African government continue the policy of trade openness.
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Goodhew, David. "Growth and Decline in South Africa's Churches, 1960-911." Journal of Religion in Africa 30, no. 3 (2000): 344–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006600x00564.
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AbstractSouth Africa's churches grew or declined so quickly in the years after 1960 that by 1991 the country's religious map had been redrawn. This article charts and offers explanations for such developments. Almost all Christian churches grew substantially in the first half of the twentieth century but mainline churches were dominant. They continued to grow numerically into the 1960s and 1970s, but were beginning to shrink as a proportion of the expanding population. By contrast, Roman Catholic, African Independent and smaller independent denominations were growing quickly. By the 1990s, mainline Protestant churches were suffering considerable decline and Roman Catholicism's growth had stalled. African Independent and other churches continued to grow rapidly. A matrix of forces help to explain this phenomenon-including the political situation, socio-economic pressures, secularisation and particular religious factors. A comparative perspective shows South Africa's churches to have much in common with African and global trends.
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Guillaumont, P. "How instability lowers African growth." Journal of African Economics 8, no. 1 (1999): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/8.1.87.
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