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Journal articles on the topic 'African Institution'
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1
Olarinde, Muftau Olaiya, and Zakari Abdullahi Yahaya. "African growth convergence: role of institutions and macroeconomic policies." International Journal of Development Issues 17, no. 3 (September 3, 2018): 346–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-12-2017-0212.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the role of institutions and policies on growth convergence in Africa. Design/methodology/approach This study uses different methods of panel modelling on a panel of 50 African Countries covering a period of 1990-2014. Findings The results confirmed the presence of conditional convergence among countries in the region. On the average, technology accumulation and fiscal policies indicators are positive function of growth, while human resources, monetary policies indicators and ineffective institutions partly necessitated by poor level of development negatively impact growth. The study concludes, though traditional growth variables and policies are imperative in achieving growth in income, they remain insufficient in an environment characterize by extractive and absolutist institutions. Therefore, institution remains the link that bridges the gap in between proper mix of resources and policies. Research limitations/implications Based on the results, policy-makers in the region should allocate certain percentage of their resources (on a sustainable basis) towards building a qualitative institution. Also, future studies on Africa should be focused on the rate at which poor level of economic development determines the quality of institutions which in turn impacts the level of growth in income. Originality/value The study contributes to the existing literature on institutional convergence with particular focus on African countries using system GMM to capture the endogeneity among the series.
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Love, Derrick. "Student Retention Through The Lens Of Campus Climate, Racial Stereotypes, And Faculty Relationships." Journal of Diversity Management (JDM) 4, no. 3 (July 1, 2009): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jdm.v4i3.4962.
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Higher Education Institutions are seeing increased retention rates among African-American college students at predominantly white institutions (PWIs). Institutional barriers such as unwelcoming campus climates, racial stereotypes, and faculty relationships have raised concerns as viable factors as to why the attrition rate for African-American students at PWIs is still on the rise. Ninety African-American college students participated in the Culture Attitude and Climate (CACS) survey. This study revealed a direct relationship between campus climate, racial stereotypes, and faculty relationships and student retention in African-American students attending a predominantly white institution. There was a statistically positive correlation between the perceptions of African-American students pertaining to student retention and campus climate, racial stereotypes, and faculty relationships at a predominantly white institution. African-American students want to be a part of an inclusive academic body that promotes diversity and student success.
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Muhandiki, V. S., and T. J. Ballatore. "Effective lake basin management institutions: lessons from African lakes." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 1 (July 1, 2007): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.451.
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Weak or non-existent institutions are often cited as a major constraint facing management of many lake basins in Africa. By their nature lake basins cut across many sectoral and jurisdictional interests and therefore it is always the case that management of the basins is affected by actions within the various sectors and jurisdictions. Because of the complex nature of issues within lake basins, authority over management of lake basins is dispersed among several institutions, with no single institution having overall authority. Under these circumstances, a major challenge in lake basin management is how to ensure effective coordination among the various players. This paper reviews the situation of lake basin management at eight African lake basins and draws important lessons about lake basin management institutions. It is noted that fragmented approaches, lack of coordination across sectors, and lack of monitoring and enforcement are major institutional weaknesses. Also, it is observed that political will and commitment are essential for the management of African lake basins.
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Akech, Migai. "Regional Mechanisms and Intra-State Conflicts: Implementing the African Union’s Principle of Non-Indifference?" Strathmore Law Journal 4, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52907/slj.v4i1.49.
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The member states of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) established the African Union (AU) in 2001, following recognition that Africa needed a more effective institution that could maintain peace and security. In particular,the 1994 genocide in Rwanda demonstrated to the continent that it needed to enhance its ability to act before conflicts became unmanageable and destructive.The AU consequently established an institutional framework for the prevention, management, and resolution of conflicts. This institutional framework consistsof two parallel frameworks, namely the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA).
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Aliero, Haruna M., and Muftau Olaiya Olarinde. "Institutions, Macroeconomic Policies and Economic Growth in Africa: Evidence from Panel Data." Journal of Asian Development 5, no. 2 (May 5, 2019): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jad.v5i2.13241.
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This study investigates the effects of institution and macroeconomic policy on economic growth in Africa, using panel Cointegration technique to analysed data obtained from a panel of 50 African Countries covering a period of 25years (1990-2014). The results confirm that declining growth rate in Africa is due to poor management of macroeconomic policies. A weak turning point is also confirmed to exist for government size in the short run; in the long run it becomes more pronounce. The Wald restrictions tests of causality ascertain that institutions lead economic growth performance in the short run, while poor economic growth performance impaired the capacity required in building strong institutions which in turn stunts growth in the long run. Therefore, African leaders should tilt their expenditure in favour of human capital development and strong institution, ensure intra-regional trade and adopt private sector led – economic growth strategy.
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Ellingsen, Mark. "WHAT DID THE REFORMERS THINK OF AFRICA AND ITS PEOPLE?" REFLEXUS - Revista Semestral de Teologia e Ciências das Religiões 12, no. 19 (June 26, 2018): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.20890/reflexus.v12i19.732.
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Scholars have long been aware since the 16th century of the Reformers’ indebtedness to African theology (esp. Augustine, but also to the pre-Augustinian African Fathers). However, with regard to the Reformers’ attitudes toward African culture and their African contemporaries the scholarly community has remained silent. Considering that, this paper endeavors to make some first tentative steps in addressing this range of issues. Its primary agenda is to provide a text study of the writings of Luther, Zwingli, Anabaptists (esp. Simons), and Calvin regarding what they wrote about Africa, the African people of their day, and the institution of slavery.Os estudiosos sabem da dívida dos reformadores para com a teologia africana, especialmente com Agostinho e os Pais da Igreja Africanos anteriores a Agostinho. Entretanto, no que diz respeito às atitudes dos reformadores para com a cultura e seus contemporâneos africanos, a comunidade acadêmica permaneceu em silêncio. Considerando isto, este artigo busca oferecer alguns passos preliminares na abordagem deste tema. Seu foco principal é fornecer um estudo dos escritos de Lutero, Zwinglio, Anabatistas (especialmente M. Simons) e Calvino que falam sobre a África, o povo africano de sua época e a instituição da escravidão.
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Schauer, Jeff. "“We Hold It in Trust”: Global Wildlife Conservation, Africanization, and the End of Empire." Journal of British Studies 57, no. 3 (June 29, 2018): 516–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2018.80.
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AbstractIn the early 1960s, the College of African Wildlife Management opened in northern Tanzania. The institution was designed to lessen the impact of decolonization by training the first generation of African wildlife wardens in the tradition of their European predecessors. The product of racialized narratives about African violence and the growth of international conservation organizations, the college could be understood as a straightforward neocolonial institution designed to perpetuate British and western influence over land and animals in East Africa. In contrast, this paper pays close attention to the circumstances and context of the college's founding, the debates over funding and control, and its institutional culture. These aspects all suggest that African governments sought to use the college as a vehicle for pursuing the Africanization of the civil service and for formalizing a contractual relationship with international organizations about mutual obligations not only to Tanzania's wildlife sector but also the country's political economy. This focus on a conservation institution created in the early days of independence demonstrates that the work of decolonization continued after independence, and that expatriate personnel and culture remained embedded in new nations, informing our narratives of decolonization, conservation, and nationalism.
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Nyenti, Mathias Ashu Tako. "REFORMING THE SOUTH AFRICAN SOCIAL SECURITY ADJUDICATION SYSTEM: INNOVATIVE EXPERIENCES FROM SOUTH AFRICAN NON-SOCIAL SECURITY JURISDICTIONS." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 19 (August 29, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2016/v19i0a1349.
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There is currently no uniform social security dispute resolution system in South Africa due to the piecemeal fashion in which schemes were established or protection against individual risks regulated. The result is that each statute provides for its own dispute resolution institution(s) and processes. There are also various gaps and challenges in the current social security dispute resolution systems, some of these relating to the uncoordinated and fragmented nature of the system; inaccessibility of some social security institutions; inappropriateness of some current appeal institutions; the lack of a systematic approach in establishing appeal institutions; a limited scope of jurisdiction and powers of adjudication institutions; inconsistencies in review and/or appeal provisions in various laws; an unavailability of alternative dispute resolution procedures; and an absence of institutional independence of adjudication institutions or forums. The system is therefore in need of reform. In developing an appropriate system, much can be learned from innovative experiences in comparative South African non-social security jurisdictions on the establishment of effective and efficient dispute resolution frameworks. Dispute resolution systems in the labour relations, business competition regulation and consumer protection jurisdictions have been established to realise the constitutional rights of their users (especially the rights of access to justice, to a fair trial and to just administrative action). They thus provide a benchmark for the development of the South African social security dispute resolution system.
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Magliveras, Konstantinos D., and Gino J. Naldi. "The African Union—A New Dawn for Africa?" International and Comparative Law Quarterly 51, no. 2 (April 2002): 415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/51.2.415.
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In March 2001 the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), meeting in extraordinary session in Sirte, Libya declared the establishment of a new pan-African body, the African Union (Union).1 The Constitutive Act (Act) of the Union entered into force on 26 May 20012 and in due course this new institution will replace the OAU.3 The Union, the brainchild of Libyan President Qaddafi, and modeled on the European Union, is the culmination of the OAU's piecemeal process of political cooperation and economic integration. It is designed to provide Africa with the legal and institutional framework to confront the twin challenges of the post-Cold War age and globalisation.
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Mtetwa, Archieford Kurauone. "“Small House! The Cross’s Religiously Modified Institution.” A Historical Cultural Materialist Approach to the Genesis, Growth and Development of Small Houses in Zimbabwe." Advances in Social Science and Culture 4, no. 3 (August 30, 2022): p90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/assc.v4n3p90.
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The family is the most important basic social institution in any state since time immemorial. It is from this institution that clans, tribes and nations were born. It was the center of the means of production. Africa in general and Zimbabwe in particular, the family system tallies with the religious or the ideological system or vice versa. African Indigenous Religion (AIR) is a religious ideology anchored on communalism and it is anti-individualism in the same way the African family system operates. Through the historical cultural materialist approach this paper argues that the “empire” (imperial states) disrupted, dismembered and destroyed the pristine African family institution through its pervasive tool; “the cross” and its willing agents. The cross (church/temple or Christianity) and its agents criminalised the communal family for the individualistic idealistic family. Individualism is not an African value, it is a foreign model and as such foreign models will not work to the expectations of Africans. Among other causes, the cross, through cultural hegemony gave birth to the “small house” in Zimbabwe. The church is an anti-structure institution to the Zimbabwean communal kinship system. It is the argument of this paper that the cross was developed and deployed to criminalise, shame and stigmatize the African family or kinship values (among them polygamy) resulting in nefarious clandestine legitimation of an illegitimate Western construct “small house”. A family is ideologically unique and as such the conception of a family with regard to the religion of the empire is individualistic as its Christian religious ideology is. The paper goes behind the present through solely focusing on the historical cultural and material conditions that led to the genesis, growth and development of the ‘small house’ in Zimbabwe as an offspring of the church. This chapter concludes by arguing that the small house is a genetically modified institution of the church.
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Baloyi, Magezi Elijah. "THE “VAT-EN-SIT” UNIONS AS A THREAT TO THE STABILITY OF AFRICAN MARRIAGE IN SOUTH AFRICA: AFRICAN THEOLOGICAL PASTORAL PERSPECTIVE." Phronimon 17, no. 2 (February 9, 2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2413-3086/1955.
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A serious issue, that needs to be addressed if we wish to achieve moral regeneration in South Africa, is the devaluation of the institution of marriage in the African community in South Africa. Attempts to inculcate the upcoming generation with norms and values are hampered because marriage is not regularised among black people and can, therefore, not solve African problems. This paper identifies the so-called “vat-en-sit” custom or cohabitation as a factor that threatens and violates marriage. Although other factors also undermine marriage, this paper focuses on vat-en-sit because it puts African marriage under serious attack. This paper argues from an African-Christian perspective that marital unions which have not been legalised in accordance with African values do not only undermine the institution of marriage, but also attempt to destroy marriages that conform to African legal values.
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Zhu, Weidong. "Arbitration as the Best Option for the Settlement of China-African Trade and Investment Disputes." Journal of African Law 57, no. 1 (April 2013): 149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855312000186.
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AbstractThe effective resolution of trade disputes related to Sino-African investments will have a major impact on the development of trade and investment between China and African states. Arbitration is considered the best option for the settlement of disputes between China and African states as it offers unique benefits and is both suited to the current environment in African countries and accepted by Chinese and Africans. To make full use of this dispute settlement approach, the Chinese government should take active measures to promote the knowledge of arbitral legal systems in Africa among the Chinese businesses investing or trading locally. Beijing should encourage them to settle disputes with their African counterparts through arbitration. It is also important for Chinese companies to learn about arbitration laws in African states, and choose a favourable arbitral institution and proper arbitration seat.
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Cleaver, Frances, Tom Franks, Faustin Maganga, and Kurt Hall. "ASR FORUM: ENGAGING WITH AFRICAN INFORMAL ECONOMIES." African Studies Review 56, no. 3 (November 20, 2013): 165–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2013.84.
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Abstract:This article furthers our understanding of how state and citizens interact to produce local institutions and examines the effects of these processes. It brings critical institutional theory into engagement with ideas about everyday governance to analyze how hybrid arrangements are formed through bricolage. Such a perspective helps us to understand governance arrangements as both negotiated and structured, benefiting some and disadvantaging others. To explore these points the article tracks the evolution of the Sungusungu, a hybrid pastoralist security institution in the Usangu Plains, Tanzania. It also considers the wider implications of such hybrid arrangements for livelihoods, social inclusion, distributive justice, and citizenship.
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Rudwick, Stephanie. "Compulsory African language learning at a South African university." Language Problems and Language Planning 41, no. 2 (October 27, 2017): 115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.41.2.03rud.
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Abstract While many universities in the world are making provisions to include the English language in their institutional structure, the South African University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) is opposing the hegemony of English in its institution. The University has launched a language policy and planning (LPP) strategy that makes provisions first to incorporate the vernacular language Zulu as language of learning and teaching, and second, to promote it as a subject. In this vein, the institution recently made an unprecedented decision for the South African higher education system. Since the first semester of 2014, a specific Zulu language module is a mandatory subject for undergraduate students who have no proficiency in the language. Although considered a watershed moment among many African language promoters, the mandatory ruling is fiercely discussed and debated in the institution and beyond. Theoretically grounded in Language Management Theory (LMT) and empirically based on semi-ethnographic fieldwork, this article examines the interplay between macro and micro language dynamics at UKZN in the context of the mandatory Zulu module. In juxtaposing interview discourses of language policy stakeholders with those of Zulu lecturers, the study reveals a stark discrepancy between macro and micro language management at this university. The article argues that this mismatch between the language policy intents and actual practices on the ground is symptomatic for South Africa’s language policy in education being shaped more by ideological interests than by pedagogical regards.
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Murithi, William, Natalia Vershinina, and Peter Rodgers. "Where less is more: institutional voids and business families in Sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 26, no. 1 (February 7, 2019): 158–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-07-2017-0239.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to offer a conceptual interpretation of the role business families play in the institutional context of sub-Saharan Africa, characterised by voids within the formal institutional setting. Responding to calls to take a holistic perspective of the institutional environment, we develop a conceptual model, showcasing the emergence of relational familial logics within business families that enable these enterprising organisations to navigate the political, economic and socio-cultural terrain of this institutional context. Design/methodology/approach The authors undertake a review of extant literature on institutional theory, institutional voids, family business and business families and examine the relevance of these theoretical constructs in relation to the institutional environment of Sub-Saharan Africa. The authors offer tentative propositions within our conceptualisation, which the authors discuss in an inductive fashion. Findings The review underlines the relevance of informal political, economic and socio-cultural institutions within the sub-Saharan context, within which the family as an institution drives business families engagement in institutional entrepreneurship. In doing so, the authors argue business families are best positioned to navigate the existing Sub-Saharan African institutional context. The authors underline the critical relevance of the embeddedness of social relationships that underpin relational familial logic within the sub-Saharan African collectivist socio-cultural system. Originality/value By challenging the assumptions that institutional voids are empty spaces devoid of institutions, the authors offer an alternative view that institutional voids are spaces where there exists a misalignment of formal and informal institutions. The authors argue that in such contexts within Sub-Saharan Africa, business families are best placed to harness their embeddedness within extended family and community for entrepreneurial activity. The authors argue that family and business logics may complement each other rather than compete. The discussions and propositions have implications for future research on business families and more inclusive forms of family organisations.
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Denisova, Tatyana, and Sergey Kostelyanets. "West Africa: The evolution of traditional institutions of power." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, no. 12-1 (December 1, 2020): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202012statyi09.
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Histories of the countries of West Africa and their peoples are very diverse, yet in terms of political traditions, these states share more similarities than differences. Among the factors permitting us to make this claim is the viability of the institution of chieftaincy, i.e., the preservation by traditional leaders of power and influence on the economic and socio -political development of local communities, regions and even nations. The present paper is dedicated to the institution of chieftaincy in West Africa, particularly in Ghana, where this institution has significantly evolved over the past hundred years amid the struggle for survival, power and control over local resources. Existing research on this subject is primarily concerned with the role of African traditional institutions during the pre colonial and colonial periods. This paper attempts to fill this gap and consider the evolution of the institution of chieftaincy until the present time.
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Berinzon, Maya, and Ryan C. Briggs. "Measuring and explaining formal institutional persistence in French West Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 57, no. 2 (June 2019): 183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x19000077.
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AbstractColonial institutions are thought to be highly persistent, but measuring that persistence is difficult. Using a text analysis method that allows us to measure similarity between bodies of text, we examine the extent to which one formal institution – the penal code – has retained colonial language in seven West African countries. We find that the contemporary penal codes of most countries retain little colonial language. Additionally, we find that it is not meaningful to speak of institutional divergence across the unit of French West Africa, as there is wide variation in the legislative post-coloniality of individual countries. We present preliminary analyses explaining this variation and show that the amount of time that a colony spent under colonisation correlates with more persistent colonial institutions.
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Raifu, Isiaka Akande, Obianuju Ogochukwu Nnadozie, and Olaide Sekinat Opeloyeru. "Differences in Colonial Experience and the Institution-Economic Growth Nexus in West Africa." Jurnal Institutions and Economies 13, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 27–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/ijie.vol13no2.2.
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Does the quality of institutions affect economic growth in West African countries? Which institutional variable aids or harms economic growth in the region? Is the effect of institutions on economic growth in former French-colonised countries different from that of British-colonised countries? This study addresses these questions. Specifically, we first examined the effect of six institutional variables on economic growth for each of the 13 West African countries. Then, we employed panel data estimation techniques to examine the overall effect of the quality of institutions on the economies of the region. Finally, we grouped the 13 countries into French-colonised and British colonised countries following the argument of Acemoglu, Johnson and Robinson (2001,2005) and then examined the impact of institutional quality on the economic growth of these subgroups. Our findings reveal that the effect of institutional variables on the economy of each country varies. Overall, we find that government stability and democratic accountability have a positive and significant influence on economic growth, while control of corruption and socioeconomic conditions have deleterious effects on economic growth. Finally, institutions contribute positively to economic growth in French-colonised countries compared to British-colonised countries. The results imply that there is a need to strengthen institutions in West Africa, especially in former British colonies.
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Bruce-Lockhart, Katherine, and Jonathon L. Earle. "Researching Institutional Life in Modern Uganda." History in Africa 45 (May 2, 2018): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2018.9.
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Abstract:This introductory article reflects on the trajectories, possibilities, and limitations of studying institutional life in Africa, with a particular emphasis on Uganda. Engaging with some of the central issues articulated in the African Studies Association’s theme for the 2017 Annual Meeting – “Institutions: Creativity and Resilience in Africa” – it considers the category of “institution” and how it has been imagined and contested in Africa’s past and present. The article begins by examining the competing visions of institutions across the continent in the late colonial period. It then moves to a closer consideration of institutions within Uganda’s historiography, while also introducing the articles in this collection and the themes that tie them together. The final two sections turn to the question of sources, illuminating both the possibilities and limitations of recent developments regarding Uganda’s archives. In so doing, this article considers not only the shifting terrain of Uganda’s research landscape, but also explores the ways in which the study of institutional life is animated by deep, longstanding deliberations on questions of community, authority, and reciprocity.
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Williams, Paul D. "The Peace and Security Council of the African Union: evaluating an embryonic international institution." Journal of Modern African Studies 47, no. 4 (November 12, 2009): 603–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x09990048.
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ABSTRACTHow has the Peace and Security Council (PSC) of the African Union helped promote peace, security and stability on the African continent? This article assesses the PSC's activities in light of insights generated by the literature on international security institutions. After providing an overview of the immediate origins of the PSC, it discusses five elements of the Council's institutional design. It then evaluates the PSC's activities during its first five years (2004–9), by examining the Council's political relevance, its efficiency and productivity, and whether it is the institution best placed to deal with the continent's security problems. It concludes that the PSC's future will hinge on whether more of the African Union's members can be persuaded to devote more serious levels of resources (human and financial) to it.
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Musakuro, Rhodrick. "Talent management practices in a selected South African higher education institution." Problems and Perspectives in Management 20, no. 1 (April 6, 2022): 532–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(1).2022.42.
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Organizations utilize talent management as one integrated method to attract and retain staff, resulting in long-term competitive advantage. However, it has emerged that higher education institutions (HEIs) in South Africa (SA) are experiencing talent management challenges. The study aimed to establish talent management practices that are poorly managed in a selected SA HEI and further recommend ways to improve talent management practices leading to sustainable competitive advantage. The study was carried out using mixed methods within the interpretive and positivist research paradigms. This study interviewed 7 non-academic staff using purposive sampling; questionnaires were randomly distributed to 153 academic staff working at one selected HEI. Results of the study indicate shortcomings in workforce planning, succession planning, and performance management. It became clear that these three talent management functions were poorly managed by the HEI. This study further recommended ways to improve talent management practices that should significantly lead to the sustainable competitive advantage of the institution.
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de Wet, J. H. v. H. "Capital structure and regulation implications for South African banks." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 4 (2013): 765–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i1c9art1.
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Past research on capital structure was spearheaded by the ground-breaking models of Nobel Prize laureates Modigliani and Miller. However, little research has been done on the application of their and other theories to banking institutions located in Southern Africa. This study analyses the determinants of the capital structure of banks in South Africa based on secondary financial data and by performing this analysis attempts to establish trends in capital structure policy and regulatory compliance. The study also identifies best practices that contribute to the overall value and performance of the banking institution. Conclusions drawn from the results and literature create greater understanding of the dynamics of capital structure and its implications for South African Banks.
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Niang, Mandiaye. "Africa and the Legitimacy of the icc in Question." International Criminal Law Review 17, no. 4 (June 29, 2017): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01704003.
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This article focuses on the current challenge facing the International Criminal Court (icc), as its legitimacy is questioned by an increasing number of African countries. This challenge is all the more sensitive, when the African Union forum appears to act as an official platform giving credence to, and indeed amplifying, the echo of these opposing voices. Do those African countries or African leaders have a point when they complain about selective prosecutions targeting only Africans? If so, are there any effective remedies that could alleviate their concerns, while not compromising the need for justice? What is the way forward for the icc if this institution is to build a future in and with Africa? This article does not provide definitive answers to these questions. It attempts to shed light upon avenues that might be worthwhile exploring, to build consensus and to marshal some much-needed support for international justice.
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Suberu, Rotimi. "Does Federalism Matter in Africa?" Federal Governance 15, no. 2 (October 4, 2019): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/fg.v15i2.13373.
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The academic study of federalism is somewhat unfashionable in Africa, where formal institutions are often regarded as superficial, ephemeral and ineffective, while informal norms, networks, processes and practices are considered to be the real bedrock and substance of politics. Indeed, for decades, a “neo-patrimonial theoretical framework” or “institution-less school” has been the prevailing paradigm for analyzing African governance and politics (Cheeseman 2018, 10-12). As a concept, neo-patrimonialism focuses on the pathologies of personal, “big man” rule, corruption, predation, patron-client networks and other informal ruling mechanisms in Africa. African structures of personalist rule and relations, in this neo-patrimonial conceptual framework, have little or no place for formal federalist institutions of self-rule, shared rule, and limited rule. Consequently, federalism is often regarded as irrelevant, unviable, or invariably doomed to degradation, extinction, and administrative, fiscal, and political recentralization in Africa’s neo-patrimonial governance eco-system. “In short,” in the words of a leading scholar of decentralization in Africa, “federalism can hardly matter where [formal] institutions themselves have little import” (Dickovick 2012, 3).
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Bhana, Anrusha, and Sachin Suknunan. "The impact of ethical leadership on employee engagement within a South African public higher education institution." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 4 (December 25, 2019): 314–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(4).2019.26.
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Ethical leadership has become a fundamental building block amongst the corporate organizations globally. However, minimal research evidence was found from a higher education institution (HEI) perspective, including the evidence from a South African higher education setting. Due to the lack of research linking the ethical leadership`s style and employee`s engagement (EE) at higher education institutions, it becomes important to find out if ethical leadership can positively promote the EE, which, in turn, can promote various other benefits at the institutions. Therefore, this study aims to examine this from the perspective of ethical leadership style and its impact on the EE. This study focused on a large HEI (Higher Education institution) based in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). Quantitative data collection employed the probability sampling targeting 420 employees. Questionnaires were used as data collection tools and obtained a response rate of 312 (74%). The results show that the average mean value for EE (M = 2.87) was weak in comparison to the measurement standard of 3.00, which implied a lack of EE between leadership and employees. In addition, the results indicate that ethical leadership can positively influence the EE (M = 4.27), thus, indicating the need for more ethical leadership at this institution. Furthermore, the current lack of employee`s engagement by leaders that do not exhibit the ethical leadership style can result in employees` disengagement at the institution.
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Chirwa, Tobias F., Zvifadzo Matsena Zingoni, Pascalia Munyewende, Samuel O. Manda, Henry Mwambi, Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala, Samson Kinyanjui, et al. "Developing excellence in biostatistics leadership, training and science in Africa: How the Sub-Saharan Africa Consortium for Advanced Biostatistics (SSACAB) training unites expertise to deliver excellence." AAS Open Research 3 (October 5, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13144.1.
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The increase in health research in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has generated large amounts of data and led to a high demand for biostatisticians to analyse these data locally and quickly. Donor-funded initiatives exist to address the dearth in statistical capacity, but few initiatives have been led by African institutions. The Sub-Saharan African Consortium for Advanced Biostatistics (SSACAB) aims to improve biostatistical capacity in Africa according to the needs identified by African institutions, through (collaborative) masters and doctoral training in biostatistics. We describe the SSACAB Consortium, which comprises 11 universities and four research institutions- supported by four European universities. SSACAB builds on existing resources to strengthen biostatistics for health research with a focus on supporting biostatisticians to become research leaders; building a critical mass of biostatisticians, and networking institutions and biostatisticians across SSA. In 2015 only four institutions had established Masters programmes in biostatistics and SSACAB supported the remaining institutions to develop Masters programmes. In 2019 the University of the Witwatersrand became the first African institution to gain Royal Statistical Society accreditation for a Biostatistics MSc programme. A total of 150 fellows have been awarded scholarships to date of which 123 are Masters fellowships (41 female) of which with 58 have already graduated. Graduates have been employed in African academic (19) and research (15) institutions and 10 have enrolled for PhD studies. A total of 27 (10 female) PhD fellowships have been awarded; 4 of them are due to graduate by 2020. To date, SSACAB Masters and PhD students have published 17 and 31 peer-reviewed articles, respectively. SSACAB has also facilitated well-attended conferences, face-to-face and online short courses. Pooling the limited biostatistics resources in SSA, and combining with co-funding from external partners is an effective strategy for the development and teaching of advanced biostatistics methods, supervision and mentoring of PhD candidates.
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Coleman, Alfred. "Disposal of obsolete computers framework to reduce environmental effect of disposed computer materials in higher institutions of learning in Africa." Environmental Economics 7, no. 2 (June 3, 2016): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.07(2).2016.6.
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Disposal of obsolete computers (DOC) in higher institutions in Africa poses a major environmental problem to many African people. The question of how to dispose obsolete computers and computer technologies in a safe manner has become a cause of concern to many African people, especially when toxic emissions pollute the air, water, and soil posing a serious health and environmental hazard to the community. This study investigates the methods of disposing and recycling of obsolete computers, and its environmental effect on plants and animals in Africa. A case study approach is used. Participants were selected from three African countries Ghana, Nigeria and South Africa based on their historical background in Africa regarding e-waste. Semi-structured, open ended interview questions were used to gather evidence from the participants regarding how obsolete computers are disposed from their institutions and the possible effect of the disposed computers on the environment. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and coded. The findings revel that the most common method of disposing obsolete computers is through dumping, dismantling of parts for resale by children and open field burning of unwanted parts. This burning process produces toxic material which is associated with high health risks. Based on the findings, a proposed Disposal of Obsolete Computers Framework (DOCF) was developed to guide higher institutions in Africa to opt for appropriate methods of disposing computers. The framework will not only assist higher institution in selecting a better option of disposing obsolete computers, but also will improve the hazardous environmental conditions which animals and plants find themselves
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HAGGERTY, JOHN, and SHERYLLYNNE HAGGERTY. "Networking with a Network: The Liverpool African Committee 1750–1810." Enterprise & Society 18, no. 3 (March 7, 2017): 566–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2016.64.
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Historians are increasingly using networks as an analytical framework. However, recent research has stressed the inherent problems with networks, including networking institutions. Historians therefore have to consider why and in what ways actors do, or did, engage with networks. This article posits a novel interdisciplinary methodology by bringing together regression analysis, visual analytics, and history to analyze actors’ relationshipswith an institutionrather than with one another. This methodology, illustrated by the case study of the Liverpool African Committee, from 1750 to 1810, demonstrates that actors’ relationships with an institution may beaffectiveorinstrumental, reflecting different relationshipswithand usesofthe network. Moreover, actors’ relationships with an institution are not static and change over time. The methodology and case study presented in this article suggest a reassessment of the understanding of metropolitan business networking institutions to reflect the complexity of their use.
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SEIDLER, VALENTIN. "Copying informal institutions: the role of British colonial officers during the decolonization of British Africa." Journal of Institutional Economics 14, no. 2 (September 4, 2017): 289–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137417000443.
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AbstractInstitutional reforms in developing countries often involve copying institutions from developed countries. Such institutional copying is likely to fail, if formal institutions alone are copied without the informal institutions on which they rest in the originating country. This paper investigates the role of human actors in copying informal institutions. At independence, all British African colonies imported the same institution intended to safeguard the political neutrality of their civil services. While the necessary formal provisions were copied into the constitutions of all African colonies, the extent to which they were put into practice varies. The paper investigates the connection between the variation in the legal practice and the presence of British colonial officers after independence. A natural experiment around compensation payments to British officers explains the variation in the number of officers who remained in service after independence. Interviews with retired officers suggest that the extended presence of British personnel promoted the acceptance of imported British institutions among local colleagues.
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Samanga, T., and V. M. Matiza. "Depiction of Shona marriage institution in Zimbabwe local television drama, Wenera Diamonds." Southern Africa Journal of Education, Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (August 28, 2020): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajest.v5i1.39824/sajest.2020.001.
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Marriage is a highly celebrated phenomenon among the African people. It is one of the important institutions among the Shona and Ndebele people in Zimbabwe as expressed in the saying ‘musha mukadzi’ and ‘umuzingumama’ (home is made by a woman) respectively. However with the coming of colonialism in Zimbabwe, marriage was not given the appropriate respect it deserves. This has given impetus to this paper where the researchers in the study through drama want to bring out the depiction of marriage institution in a post -independence television drama, Wenera Diamonds (2017). This paper therefore, aims to show the impact of neo-colonialism on Shona marriage institution. The neo colonial period is characterised with the perpetuation of Western imperial interests through protocols of diplomatic relations, treaties and existing bilateral agreements which marked a new phase of relationships with former colonisers. The aim of this article therefore is to depict marriage institution in neo colonial Zimbabwe in Wenera Diamonds (2017), a Zimbabwean television drama. Using qualitative research methodology, the research employs content analysis to elucidate the depiction in the said performance. Guided by the Africana womanist perspective, the article argues that the indigenous knowledge needed for African social development is rendered irrelevant by a dysfunctional set of values of the western hegemony. Against that, the paper establishes that the depiction of marriage institution in Wenera diamonds is a reflection of imperialist colonial forces on the black person hence the need to go back to basics and resuscitate their culture.
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Nicolaides, Angelo, and Adelaine Candice Austin. "Community Engagement as an Ubuntu Transformative Undertaking for Higher Education Institutions." Athens Journal of Philosophy 1, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajphil.1-4-1.
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Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) stand at the junction of increasing social and economic challenges in a pandemic era. The focus of this study is to substantiate to an extent what CE implies and what HEIs can and should do. A probing question is whether HEIs can effectively respond to needs identified within the communities in which they operate? The purpose is to interrogate how CE by HEIs can shape and be shaped by its role-players. A qualitative literature study and an interpretivistic paradigm were utilised in this study to deliberate upon the debate on Community Engagement (CE) in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in South Africa. It is a global truth that a university has an important role to play in responding to a range of societal needs. In South African universities, this is also the case, but the notion and practice of community engagement by Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in general, is a persistent transformational requirement. What is meant by the term Community Engagement (CE) may differ from institution to institution but broadly speaking it relates to how an institution interacts with a community in which it operates in ways that result in a win-win situation for all parties involved and positively influence the quality of life within society in general. Viewed from a South African Higher Education milieu, it is clear that CE is an instrument through which transformation is supported through social responsiveness and it is thus in essence far more than mere community service or outreach as in most universities abroad. Having CE engaged universities is vital for a strong social and economic South Africa. CEs role is then to promote skills and knowledge to those alienated during the apartheid era. For a higher education institution, the benefits accrued would most likely be in inter alia joint projects, research initiatives and teaching opportunities to help redress past evils. Although community engagement often brings with it a range of challenges, it remains a fundamental role required of HEIs in South Africa and beyond. This article thus presents a brief overview on inter-alia, the direction and theoretical development of CE practices and suggests some possible aspects to consider applying to CE. A desktop literature review methodology and an interpretivistic paradigm were used in this brief study. Keywords: community engagement, higher education, South Africa, transformation, ethical duty
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Ramohai, Juliet. "Women in senior management positions at South African universities." Gender in Management: An International Journal 34, no. 3 (May 7, 2019): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-10-2017-0138.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present reasons for the mobility of women in senior management positions in South African higher education. Against the backdrop of women underrepresentation and retention challenges in institution of higher learning in this country, it is pertinent to share the experiences of senior women, with the aim of understanding institutional structures and cultures that make it difficult for women to survive in senior positions. Design/methodology/approach The paper used a qualitative approach. The focus of this paper was on the women who had held or were still holding senior management positions in higher education in South Africa. The requirement for this paper was that these women should have moved out or across institutions while at a senior management position. This paper drew from five women from different institutions and involved them in in-depth interviews. The women who fitted the category of senior management in this paper included deputy vice chancellor, deans and heads of departments. Findings The findings indicated that the decisions to opt out of senior management positions for the women ranged from personal to institutional. The personal reasons that emerged from this paper pointed mainly to issues of salaries. The women opted to move out of their positions for better salaries which they believed they would get in the private sectors or in other institutions. Professional development also led women to move to more promising spaces that could afford them an opportunity to grow. Apart from these personal reasons, hostile institutional cultures were cited by all women as the most serious contributory factor to their turnover. Of these, they cited patriarchal practices that led to oppression and dominance, which made it difficult for them to cope in the senior positions they held. Originality/value This paper aimed to respond to a gap in research on senior management women’s mobility in higher education, specifically in South Africa. According to Samuel and Chipunza (2013), there is a serious concern that pertains to retention of senior management within African higher education. However, most studies do not provide a focused attention on women but offer a general interpretation of senior management turnover. There seems to be lack of research that aims at understanding the contextual reasons that lead to turnover of women senior management in South African higher education. Against the backdrop of low representation of women in senior positions in specifically South African higher education and calls for equity, the study looked at the reasons why higher education institutions at times fail to retain this most sought after group (women) in these positions of power. Understanding issues around this matter has the potential to contribute towards improved practices while adding a voice to discourses around gender equity and equality.
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Chitimira, Howard, and Sharon Munedzi. "Selected challenges associated with the reliance on customer due diligence measures to curb money laundering in South African banks and related financial institutions." Journal of Comparative Law in Africa 8, no. 1 (2021): 42–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/jcla/v8/i1a2.
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Customer due diligence is a means of ensuring that financial institutions know their customers well through know-your-customer (KYC) tools and related measures. Notably, customer due diligence measures include the identification and verification of customer identity, keeping records of transactions concluded between a customer and the financial institution, ongoing monitoring of customer account activities, reporting unusual and suspicious transactions, and risk assessment programmes. Accordingly, financial institutions should ensure that their customers are risk assessed before concluding any transactions with them. The regulation of money laundering is crucial to the economic growth of many countries, including South Africa. However, there are still numerous challenges affecting the banks and other role players’ reliance on customer due diligence measures to combat money laundering in South Africa. Therefore, a qualitative research methodology is employed in this article to unpack such challenges. The challenges include the failure to meet the identification and verification requirements by some South African citizens, onerous documentation requirements giving rise to other persons being denied access to the formal financial sector, and the lack of express provisions to regulate the informal financial sector in South Africa. Given this background, the article discusses the challenges associated with the regulation and implementation of customer due diligence measures to enhance the combating of money laundering in South African banks and related financial institutions. It is hoped that the recommendations provided in this article will be utilised by the relevant authorities to enhance customer due diligence and effectively combat money laundering activities in South African banks and related financial institutions.
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Adu Amoah, Lloyd G., and Nelson Quame. "Power-with and Power-to and Building Asian Studies in Africa: Insights from the Field." African and Asian Studies 20, no. 1-2 (April 27, 2021): 200–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341489.
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Abstract Taking seriously Chinweizu’s (2004) call for Asian Studies in Africa this article examines the ways in which African Asianist scholars with their partners elsewhere decided to take counterhegemonic action, and how their approach differs from the status quo as a prefigurative politics of power-with society they seek. This work explores the establishment of Centres for Asian Studies in Africa as institutional actors in the counter-hegemonic project of decolonization. The processes that led to the setting up of the Centre for Asian Studies (the first in Black Africa excepting South Africa) at the University of Ghana serve as a case study. The article utilizes information gathered through the authors’ ongoing participation over the last eight years in the ideational, organizational, logistical, financial and institution building moves that are aiding the establishment of an ultimately emancipatory Asian Studies in Africa research framework. To establish the contextual challenge, the article engages discursively with how hegemony (power-over) functions within Global North/Western/modern research agendas, funding, and institutions; and explains how and why its colonial project is most evident in Area Studies in particular. The work concludes with pointers on how these moves for building Centres for Asian studies in Africa may be useful for other institutional intellectual decolonial efforts.
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Prinanda, Devita, and Haryo Prasodjo. "Strengthening North-South Relations: The Case of EU and ECOWAS Cooperation." Global Focus 1, no. 2 (October 27, 2021): 180–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jgf.2021.001.02.6.
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Regional integration is discussing cooperation among states in a region and the influence of external states or organizations. The cooperation among regions is known as inter-regionalism. As a leader in regional integration, European Union (EU) has been cooperating with the other regions since their name was European Economic Community. Firstly, Europe established relations in the form of political dialogue and cooperation with ASEAN and Asian countries. For this occasion, the EU established Asia Europe Meeting (ASEM). Subsequently, the EU created external relations with African, Caribbean, & Pacific (ACP), South American, etc. This research elaborates on the relation of the EU with the West African region. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is the regional institution chosen by the EU to engage in the relationship. Some scholars acknowledged that ECOWAS is one of the most organized institutions in the African Region. Asymmetric relation between EU and ECOWAS denotes the relation of The North and The South countries. By analyzing the inter-regionalism framework, this paper exercises a liberal institutional perspective as the main paradigm. The results found that inter-regionalism could reinforce strong institutions in both regions.
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Feyisa, Habtamu Legese, Wondmagegn Biru Mamo, and Mekonnen Kumlachew Yitayaw. "The Impact of Governance on Financial Institution and Financial Market Development: Empirical Evidence from Emerging Markets." Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series 32, no. 3 (July 12, 2022): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sues-2022-0012.
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Abstract The overall objective of the study is to investigate the impact of governance on financial development in Sub-Saharan African countries. To achieve the stated objective, the study employed balanced data of 43 Sub-Saharan African countries during the year 2002 to 2018. To analyze the data, the study used both the fixed and random effect estimation approaches and explored the relationship between the three dimensions of governance and three pillars of financial development in Sub-Saharan African countries. The study also applied the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to create indexes for the political, economic, and institutional dimensions of governance taking the six world governance indicators. The overall findings of the study indicate that the political, economic, and overall governance composite index has a positive and significant impact on the overall financial developments of sub-Saharan African countries. The development of financial institutions in the region is influenced significantly and positively by political, institutional, and overall governance. In addition, the economic dimension of governance has had a significant and positive impact on the development of the financial markets in sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, trade openness, real interest rate, inflation, real GDP, and access to electricity are all major macroeconomic predictors of financial development, according to the study. As a result, all aspects of governance quality in the Sub-Saharan African countries must be improved. This can be achieved by policies aimed at strengthening voice and accountability, political stability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, corruption control, and overall macroeconomic reform.
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Yarmoshuk, Aaron N., Pierre Abomo, Niamh Fitzgerald, Donald C. Cole, Arnaud Fontanet, Henry A. Adeola, Christina Zarowsky, and Justin Pulford. "A mapping of health education institutions and programs in the WHO African Region." AAS Open Research 4 (December 14, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13320.1.
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Background: Information on health education institutions is required for planning, implementing and monitoring human resources for health strategies. Details on the number, type and distribution of medical and health science programs offered by African higher education institutions remains scattered. Methods: We merged and updated datasets of health professional and post-graduate programs to develop a mapping of health education institutions covering the World Health Organization African Region as of 2021. Results: Nine hundred and nine (909) institutions were identified in the 47 countries. Together they offered 1,157 health professional programs (235 medicine, 718 nursing, 77 public health and 146 pharmacy) and 1,674 post-graduate programs (42 certificates, 1,152 Master’s and 480 PhDs). Regionally, East Africa had the most countries with multiple academic health science centres - institutions offering medical degrees and at least one other health professional program. Among countries, South Africa had the most institutions and post-graduate programs with 182 and 596, respectfully. A further five countries had between 53-105 institutions, 12 countries had between 10 and 37 institutions, and 28 countries had between one and eight institutions. One country had no institution. Countries with the largest populations and gross domestic products had significantly more health education institutions and produced more scientific research (ANOVA testing). Discussion: We envision an online database being made available in a visually attractive, user-friendly, open access format that nationally, registered institutions can add to and update. This would serve the needs of trainees, administrators, planners and researchers alike and support the World Health Organization’s Global strategy on human resources for health: workforce 2030.
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Dominic, Tonto Chioma, and Iyabo Ike Sobowale. "South African Career Development Institution Management in Graduates Alumni Assisten." International Journal Papier Public Review 2, no. 3 (July 13, 2021): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.47667/ijppr.v2i3.103.
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This article discusses career development management that can help career empowerers combine skills such as applying theoretical constructs realistically and creatively to focus on innovative ways of doing things that make careers possible as factors that provide support to employees in the workplace and contribute on their professional development. In contrast to other approaches to career development, the conventional approach to career development is mainly focused with techniques that are meant to utilize skill development and supply to drive economic growth rather than anything else. However, although the promotion of economic growth is an important goal for career development in South Africa, it is not the only goal for the country's development agenda, which includes a number of other goals. Globally, a vision of career development based on clearly defined economic goals would be at conflict with South Africa's development rhetoric, according to the World Bank's Africa Development Report
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Simmons, Lamont D. "Beyond Matriculation: Examining Factors That Contribute to African American Male Persistence at a Predominantly White Institution." Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice 21, no. 3 (June 14, 2017): 358–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1521025117714163.
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In higher education, academic disparities exist between African American males and their gender and ethnic counterparts. Furthermore, many institutions struggle to promote African American male persistence beyond matriculation. This study provides insight into how a sample of undergraduate African American males was persisting at a predominantly White institution. Six themes emerged, including (a) exposure to rigorous high school curriculum, (b) feeling encouraged and supported, (c) having a sense of motivation, (d) educational aspirations beyond a bachelor’s degree, (e) involvement in ethnic-based campus organizations, and (f) connecting with minority faculty. The preponderance of findings demonstrates that noncognitive factors are essential to how African American males persist.
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Ng'umbi, Yunusy Castory. "Re-imagining family and gender roles in Aminatta Forna's Ancestor Stones." Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 54, no. 2 (September 4, 2017): 86–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-9070/tvl.v.54i2.2772.
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This paper examines the interplay between polygyny and gender by exploring the way in which family structure and gender roles are negotiated, imagined and exercised in fiction. Aminatta Forna's Ancestor stones (2006) is read in order to explore how the institution of polygyny changes over time and how it influences gender role negotiation. Using an African feminist approach, the paper juxtaposes the historical and contemporary institution of polygyny in relation to gender role negotiation and how contemporary writers build on their literary precursors in re-writing the history of polygyny and gender according to the socio-cultural needs of twenty-first century Africans. These changes in socio-cultural, economic and political spheres in Africa have played a pivotal role in altering family structure and arrangements. I therefore argue that the changes in familial structure and arrangement necessitate gender role negotiation.
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Flowers, Lamonta. "Effects of Attending a 2-Year Institution on African American Males’ Academic and Social Integration in the First Year of College." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 108, no. 2 (February 2006): 267–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810610800204.
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This study explored the impact of attending a 2-year (vs. a 4-year) institution on African American male students’ academic and social integration experiences in the first year of college. Descriptive and multivariate analyses of the 1996/1998 Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study showed that African American males attending 4-year institutions were more likely to report higher levels of academic and social integration in the first year of college. These findings suggest that student affairs professionals at 2-year institutions should seek to develop appropriate interventions to ensure that African American males are engaging in academic and social integration experiences during their first year of college.
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Edozie, R. Kiki. "Promoting African 'Owned and Operated' Development: A Reflection on The New Partnership for African Development (NEPAD)." African and Asian Studies 3, no. 2 (2004): 145–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569209041641831.
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Abstract Though a very recent new African international regime spearheaded by the 'Renaissance' foreign policy of a Post Apartheid African leadership, Africa's New Partnership for African Development (NEPAD) reflects important departures in 'African Affairs' policy, allowing for more integrated African development as well as for new forms of participation for the continent in the global economy.Nevertheless, while representing in theory and practice a long-standing debate across the continent on issues involving economic development and globalization, in 2001, during the incipient stages of NEPAD's establishment, the general sentiment toward its goal as a continental 'self reliant' path to development – 'owned' by Africans – was heavily criticized by African policy analysts. The criticism charged that because NEPAD followed a development strategy that relied on global capital and dependent development, its objectives were doomed to fail despite the document's pan nationalistic intentions.The current article explores the extent to which NEPAD's ideological vision to combine collective political nationalism ushered in by the African Renaissance with economic globalization is plausible and achievable as a viable and realizable response to the world's poorest continent's millennium development goals. The article further analyzes the intellectual roots of NEPAD's G-8 induced African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) revealing the shortcomings of approaching African development from the global hegemony of democracy and good governance.The article thus concludes alternatively that NEPAD's winning strategy may come from the development blueprint's emerging status as a continental regional institution driven by a renewed pan Africanist ideology.
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Veney, Cassandra R. "The Ties That Bind: The Historic African Diaspora and Africa." African Issues 30, no. 1 (2002): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1548450500006223.
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As we all know, the historic African diaspora in the United States is the result of the European slave trade, which resulted in millions of people being taken from Africa. Dei and Asgharzadeh correctly point out in this issue that this population and its descendents constitute a portion of the original African brain drain. Often, consideration of the causes of, problems of, and solutions to the African brain drain ignore this population and place most of the emphasis and research on the contemporary African diaspora. This may have to do with conclusions in some of the research contending that this historic diaspora lost all linkages to Africa. However, there is a vast body of literature that supports the claim that the institution of slavery did not totally sever social, cultural, economic, and political linkages.
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MALUWA, TIYANJANA. "The Constitutive Act of the African Union and Institution-Building in Postcolonial Africa." Leiden Journal of International Law 16, no. 1 (March 2003): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156503001080.
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Eyo, Ekpo. "Conventional Museums and the Quest for Relevance in Africa." History in Africa 21 (1994): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171892.
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Although the Western world knows what a museum is, in many parts of Africa its purpose is an open question. To many Africans it is an alien institution introduced by colonialists. Their intentions were good: they wished to study and exhibit local works of art and artifacts and preserve them from deterioration and depredations by local and foreign traders. Yet collecting important art objects and artifacts, some of which were still part of active rituals, and locking them up in a building rather resembling a prison, was to many, Africans and foreigners alike, inimical in principle. Nor did many Africans show much interest in the displays within the glass cases, unless such exhibits pertained to their own particular ethnic heritage. The museums were therefore seen as white elephants staffed by eccentric colonialists, assisted by Africans glad of a job, and visited mainly by foreigners. If we trace the origin and development of the museum in Europe, we may discover why these African museums, as modeled on European institutions, failed to make an impact on the lives of Africans or to meet the needs of the communities they were meant to serve. However, we shall also see how in time certain projects have transformed them into cultural and social centers of great vitality.
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Msila, Vuyisile. "Digitalization and Decolonizing Education: A Qualitative Study of University of South Africa (UNISA) Leadership." International Journal of Information and Education Technology 11, no. 11 (2021): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2021.11.11.1564.
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The COVID-19 pandemic that shook the world in 2020 forced all educational institutions to search for new ways of teaching and learning. Furthermore, education institutions such as the University of South Africa (UNISA), like all other universities, found themselves with a huge task of promoting digitalization. As a traditional distance education institution, UNISA had to refine digitalization in a time of decolonization in the Global South. This case study examined the role of educational managers in sustaining effective digitalization. Eight UNISA managers were selected and interviewed to understand how they perceived the role of digital leaders. Furthermore, the study sought to understand why it is critical that managers should be in the forefront of digitalization. The study found that at present in Africa it is critical for digitalization to be combined with decolonization. Additionally, when digitalization and decolonization are implemented simultaneously, they become vehicles for social justice and democracy. This then means that education can be a tool for liberation and achievement where the digital divide is minimized. When implemented well, education institutions become institutions with access for success. The conclusions show that a set strategy based on a new vision for a university will harness digital leadership. The participants also mentioned strategic documents at the university; on the one hand are the Five Pillars of Change whilst on the other are the Eight Dimensions of Transformation. Furthermore, the participants claimed that their institution was on the road to success whilst building UNISA as an institution “Towards the African University that builds futures.”
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Sekonyela, Lerato. "Student Challenges with the University Access Program in South Africa." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 8, no. 1 (January 23, 2021): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/592.
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This paper reflects on experienced challenges by registered University Access Programme (UAP) students in South Africa. South African learners continue to face challenges in accessing institutions of higher education due to school performance. Therefore, to address this issue, the University of the Free State (UFS) in South Africa introduced UAP in 1993 to assist deserving students who did not meet university admission requirements due to underperformance at the school level. The UAP seemed to address the issue of access to higher education institution(s). However, once students gained access, they have faced several challenges. A Free-Attitude Interview (FAI) technique was used to identify the challenges that students experienced in UAP. Students indicated the need to improve academic support.
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Challenor, Herschelle S. "African Studies at Historically Black Colleges and Universities." African Issues 30, no. 2 (2002): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1548450500006454.
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Establishing an African studies program at a historically Black college or university (HBCU) may seem to make as much sense as carrying coals to Newcastle. In fact, though, very few of these institutions have African studies programs. Howard University is an important exception and was the first HBCU to establish an African studies program. That program, which was led initially by Rayford Logan, was created in 1953 following a $50,000 Ford Foundation grant in 1952. Anthropologist Melville Herskovits established the first African studies program in the United States in 1948. Howard University remains one of the few, if not the only, institution in the United States with an African Studies department that has its own faculty and that offers a doctorate in African studies.
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Engel, Elisabeth. "The ecumenical origins of pan-Africanism: Africa and the ‘Southern Negro’ in the International Missionary Council’s global vision of Christian indigenization in the 1920s." Journal of Global History 13, no. 2 (June 21, 2018): 209–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022818000050.
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AbstractThis article explores the attitudes and policies of the International Missionary Council (IMC) concerning Africa and African Americans. It aims to revise historical scholarship that views the ecumenical missionary movement as originating in white Western missions and guided by the goals of post-war internationalism. It argues that the IMC, founded in 1921 as the central institution for coordinating Protestant missions around the world, developed an ecumenical definition of pan-Africanism. This definition cast African Americans from the US south in the role of ‘native’ leaders in the formation of indigenous churches in Africa. With this racialized version of Christian indigenization, the IMC excluded African Christian groups that sought to form their own churches. It promoted, instead, European colonial projects and missionary societies that aimed to use African American missionaries to counter the incendiary ideas of pan-Africanism.
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Chirwa, Tobias F., Zvifadzo Matsena Zingoni, Pascalia Munyewende, Samuel O. Manda, Henry Mwambi, Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala, Samson Kinyanjui, et al. "Developing excellence in biostatistics leadership, training and science in Africa: How the Sub-Saharan Africa Consortium for Advanced Biostatistics (SSACAB) training unites expertise to deliver excellence." AAS Open Research 3 (December 22, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13144.2.
Full textAbstract:
The increase in health research in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has led to a high demand for biostatisticians to develop study designs, contribute and apply statistical methods in data analyses. Initiatives exist to address the dearth in statistical capacity and lack of local biostatisticians in SSA health projects. The Sub-Saharan African Consortium for Advanced Biostatistics (SSACAB) led by African institutions was initiated to improve biostatistical capacity according to the needs identified by African institutions, through collaborative masters and doctoral training in biostatistics. SACCAB has created a critical mass of biostatisticians and a network of institutions over the last five years and has strengthened biostatistics resources and capacity for health research studies in SSA. SSACAB comprises 11 universities and four research institutions which are supported by four European universities. In 2015, only four universities had established Masters programmes in biostatistics and SSACAB supported the remaining seven to develop Masters programmes. In 2019 the University of the Witwatersrand became the first African institution to gain Royal Statistical Society accreditation for a Biostatistics Masters programme. A total of 150 fellows have been awarded scholarships to date of which 123 are Masters fellowships (41 female) of whom 58 have already graduated. Graduates have been employed in African academic (19) and research (15) institutions and 10 have enrolled for PhD studies. A total of 27 (10 female) PhD fellowships have been awarded; 4 of them are due to graduate by 2020. To date, SSACAB Masters and PhD students have published 17 and 31 peer-reviewed articles, respectively. SSACAB has also facilitated well-attended conferences, face-to-face and online short courses. Pooling of limited biostatistics resources in SSA combined with co-funding from external partners has shown to be an effective strategy for the development and teaching of advanced biostatistics methods, supervision and mentoring of PhD candidates.