Academic literature on the topic 'African oil bean seed'
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Journal articles on the topic "African oil bean seed"
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AGBO, NDIDIAMAKA JUSTINA. "COMPARATIVE NUTRITIONAL AND MINERAL ANALYSIS OF FERMENTED PENTACLETHRA MACROPHYLLA (UKPAKA), FERMENTED RICINUS COMMUNIS (OGIRI), AND FERMENTED PROSOPIS AFRICANA SEED (OKPEYE)." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 8, no. 3 (2024): 344–47. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0803-2351.
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Fermented African mesquite bean, Castor oil bean, and African oil bean seeds were Purchased at Ogige Main Market in Nsukka Local Government of Enugu State and examined for the relative assessments of their mineral and nutritional proximate qualities. The Association of Official Agricultural Chemists' techniques were used to ascertain the approximate composition and mineral characteristics of the fermented samples. The fermented African oil bean seed had the highest lipid content (43.31%) and fibre (16.85%), whereas the fermented African mesquite bean had the highest levels of carbs (41.98%), ash (6.54%), and protein (33.64%). The beans with fermented castor oil showed the highest moisture content (29.4320%). Fermented African mesquite bean seed had the highest levels of calcium (1813.30 mg/L), magnesium (292.03 mg/L), and iron (48.26 mg/L), according to the mineral contents, whereas fermented castor bean seed had the highest potassium levels (3,544.72 mg/L). There were no heavy metals such as lead(Pb), chromium (Cr), cadium (Cd), or cobalt (Co) in any of the samples. In comparison to fermented African oil bean and Castor oil bean seeds, it can be stated that fermented African mesquite bean seeds (Okpeye) contain higher amounts of protein, carbohydrates, and ash.
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Onyekachi, Igbozulike, Obiora Ifeanyichukwu, and Kayode Simonyan. "Postharvest processing, packaging and storage of African oil bean seed." Poljoprivredna tehnika 46, no. 1 (2021): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2101032o.
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The underutilization of African oil bean seed necessitated the study of its post-harvest operations. This work reviews the status of research on postharvest processes of African Oil Bean (AOB) seed. Information was sought through a search query with African oil bean post-harvest processing, packaging and storage as keywords on Google Scholar, internet, publishers' website, textbooks and oral interview with local processors. The results showed that researchers have focused on the fermentation, proximate, phytochemical, mineral and vitamins composition of AOB seeds. This study also revealed the dearth of research on characterization, improved variety, packaging, storage, value addition and oil extraction from AOB seeds. Research on postharvest handling, storage, packaging and processing of AOB seed is imperative for optimal utilization of the seed, and to prevent the prevalent post-harvest losses.
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Enoch, Oguazu, Chinenye, Ogbuagu, Ifeoma Glory, Ubaoji, Kingsley Ikechukwu, Ezeanyanwu Valentine Chukwuebuka, Spencer Chukwumaobim Nwangwu, and Chinwe Gloria Ibeabuchi. "Evaluation of Some Selected the Minerals and Vitamins Contents and Partial Oil Characterization of African Oil Bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth) Seed." Journal of Applied Life Sciences International 28, no. 2 (2025): 28–35. https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2025/v28i2682.
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Background and Objective: The African oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla) is a specie of the family Leguminosea and an indigenous of tropical Africa. The seed is widely consumed by Nigerians especially in Eastern part of Nigeria. It can be used as flavoring in food and also serves as a substitute for meat. This research work is aimed at evaluating the nutritional constituents of the African oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla) seed. Materials and Method: The African oil bean seed was evaluated for vitamin, minerals and partial oil characterization using standard Spectroscopic methods. Results: The results gotten from the evaluation of vitamins A, D, C, E and Folate were; 9.32%, 19.34%, 68.83%, 37.60% and 0.25% respectively and this shows that the seed is rich in vitamin C. The mineral analysis for Se, Co, Cu, Ca, Zn, Mn, Fe, Mg, K and Na were; 0.077%, 0.045%, 0.395%, 8.484%, 0.430%, 0.172%, 2.199%, 5.747%, 5.270% and 5.923% respectively and the result shows that the African oil bean seed is a rich source of calcium. The oil characterization analysis for saponification value, peroxide value, iodine value, acid value and free fatty acid value were; 134.64%, 12.5%, 89.93%, 7,641% and 3.821% respectively. The high iodine value of the seed oil shows that it cannot be classified as a non-drying oil and cannot be used for paint or polish production. However, the low free fatty acid value shows the oil is edible. The low saponification value shows that the oil contains low molecular weight fatty acid glyceride. Conclusion: The seed has proven to be beneficial, not only as a food source but also a therapeutic agent for combating diseases.
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Onwuzuruike, U. A., U. E. Inyang, A. P. Edima-Nyah, I. N. Okwunodulu, and C. U. Anyanwu. "Blending African oil bean seed oil with sesame seed oil: physicochemical properties and phytochemical contents." Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 22, no. 2 (2025): 15–28. https://doi.org/10.4314/jafs.v22i2.2.
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The effect of blending on the physicochemical properties and phytochemical contents of African oil bean seed oil and sesame seed oil was investigated. Vegetal oils were extracted from African oil bean seeds (AB) and sesame seeds (SS) through Soxhlet extraction and blended in the following proportions: AB100:SS0, AB0:SS100, AB90:SS10, AB80:SS20, AB70:SS30, AB60:SS40 and AB50:SS50 respectively. The physicochemical properties and phytochemical contents were evaluated and emanated data was statistically analyzed at 95% confidence level. Physicochemical results showed that moisture decreased from 1.87 to 1.76%, specific gravity increased from 0.92 to 0.93 g/cm3, melting point increased from 33.80 to 35.870C, Smoke point decreased from 191.85 to 188.22°C, flash point decreased from 337.94 to 319.40°C, fire point decreased from 376.10 to 373.60°C and cloud point increased from 3.50 to 5.51°C. Control oil sample had lower moisture, refractive index, melting point, flash point, fire point and cloud point than the experimental oils. Phytochemical results are significantly (p<0.05) from each other in all the studied parameters. Flavonoid content ranged from 0.14-8.35 CE mg/g, total phenolic content ranged from 0.00 to 26.73 mg GAE/100 g, tannin content ranged from 0.00 to 0.97 mg/100 g, saponin content ranged from 0.00 to 4.49 mg/100 g and alkaloid content ranged from 0.00 to 8.82 mg/100 g. Control had the lowest values for all phytochemical contents. Conclusively, findings showed that there is need for refining of experimental oil samples and blending African oil bean seed oil with sesame seed oil reduced the moisture content and improved thermal stability.
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Onwuzuruike, Uzochukwu Anselm, Ufot Evanson Inyang, Anne Peter Edima-Nyah, Innocent N. Okwunodulu, and Chioma Uchechi Anyanwu. "Chemical Composition, Quality Indices and Viscosity of Edible Oils from Blends of African Oil Bean Seed Oil and Sesame Seed Oil." Journal BiGME 4, no. 1 (2024): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jbigme.v4i1.33947.
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This study adopted the concept of blending in developing and evaluating the properties of binary oil blends from African oil bean seed oil and sesame seed oil. Vegetal oils were extracted from African oil bean seeds (AB) and sesame seeds (SS) through Soxhlet extraction and blended in the following proportions: AB100:SS0, AB0:SS100, AB90:SS10, AB80:SS20, AB70:SS30, AB60:SS40 and AB50:SS50 respectively. The chemical, quality and viscosity properties was investigated. Findings from this study showed that the chemical composition decreased from 124.55 to 101.28 g of I2/100 g, 208.67 to 191.29 mg KOH/g, 1.94 to 1.62% for iodine, saponification and unsaponifiable matter values while quality properties improved with reduction in PV, FFA, pAV, AV and totox value from 3.12 to 2.79 meq O2/kg, 4.04 to 2.99%, 0.57 to 0.31, 8.08 to 5.99 mg KOH/g and 6.81 to 5.88 respectively as the proportion of sesame seed oil increased in the blended oils from 10 to 50%. Viscosity results at 50C and 370C increased in the studied samples from 560.00 mPa.s in AB100:SS0 to 635.00 mPa.s in AB50:SS50 and from 91.00 mPa.s in AB100:SS0 to 103.00 mPa.s in AB50:SS50 respectively. Conclusively, binary oil blends had better oil properties and could be optimized for food applications
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Obahiagbon, Kessington, David Ohimai Ahonkhai, Richard Omoregie, and Paul Eloke. "Optimum Biodiesel Production from African Oil Bean Seed Oil Using Antelope Bones and Africa Oil Bean Seed Pod as Catalyst: RSM and ANN as Optimization Tools." European Modern Studies Journal 7, no. 6 (2024): 86–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.59573/emsj.7(6).2023.10.
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Heterogeneous catalyst developed from antelope bones and African oil bean seed pod was used for the production of biodiesel from African oil bean seed oil (AOBSO) characterized by 2.22% free fatty acid (FFA) via transesterification reaction. Characterization showed that the catalyst had high surface area (40.65m2 /g) and large pore diameter (50.85 ?) with CaO being its main constituent. Four independent process variables were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The optimization result revealed that a maximum biodiesel yield of 93.25% was achieved using RSM at an optimum condition of temperature (60oC), time (86 minutes), methanol:oil ratio (12:1) and catalyst loading (2 wt.%). Also, using ANN modelling, an optimum yield of 95% was obtained at a temperature, time, methanol:oil ratio and catalyst loading of 57oC, 57 minutes, 7.5:1 and 1 wt.% respectively. The result shows that ANN was better tool at modelling the process because of its higher R2 value and lower RMSE value. Also, the high yield of biodiesel obtained showed that African oil bean seed oil (AOBSO) which is a low-cost feedstock have the potential to be used for biodiesel production.
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Osagie-Eweka, ESD, and TH Alaiya. "Effects of fermentation and heating on the functional properties of processed flour from African oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla benth) seeds." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 13, no. 60 (2013): 8249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.60.11810.
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A comparative study was conducted to determine the effects of heat treatment and fermentation on the functional properties of African oil bean ( Pentaclethra macrophylla: Benth ) seeds. The objective was to determine the nutritional benefits inherent therein, and the possible utilization of this plant food source as a complement in food formulation and improvement. The bean seed was broken to obtain the cotyledon, locally processed by fermentation and heat treatment, after which it was milled to obtain flour from the African oil bean. The control group of day 0 was not subjected to fermentation, but heat - treated and all other experimental groups (Day 1 - 7) subjected to fermentation and heating. The following selected physio -chemical properties were analyzed for the African oil bean seeds: water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity and bulk densities were determined; the emulsion capacity and whipping ability were also determined. The oil absorption capacity range d from 0.66 - 1.26 g/ml; water absorption capacity, 0.76 - 1.32 g/ml; emulsion capacity, 33.33 - 64.67 g/ml, emulsion stability after one hour, 6.00 - 63.33 g/ml, bulk density, 0.40 - 0.49 g/g and whipping ability, 0.00 - 0.93 g/ml. The processing methods adopted (fermentation and heating) to improve on the functional properties of the African oil bean seeds significantly affected (p<0.05) the bulk density, whipping ability, emulsion stability and Stability after one hour of experimental samples fermented and heat treated (Day 1 - 7) compared to the Day 0 sample that was only heated while there was , however , no statistical significance recorded for the oil absorption capacity and water absorption capacity in experimental Day 1 - 7 compared to the control (Day 0) . The treatment, demonstrated improved functional properties of the African Oil bean seeds; likely to enhance the palatability of formulated foods. The treatment did not show significant improvement on the oil absorption capacity and water absorption capacity of t he bean ; however, there was enhanced oil and water functionality.
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Jivini, Za’aku Salvation, Arowora Kayode Adebisi, and Ikwebe Joseph. "Physicochemical Characterisation and Nutritional Evaluation of Oils from Selected Underutilised Oilseeds." Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art 2, no. 4 (2024): 476–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.58578/ajstea.v2i4.3304.
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The study investigated the physicochemical and nutritional parameters of selected underutilized oilseeds: African oil bean seed, tea seed, African locust bean seed, castor seed, cotton seed and tomato seed. The six oilseed samples were collected from different sources in Nigeria. The seed samples were treated with drying, dehulling and grinding, before they were analysed for the physicochemical and nutritional parameters. The physicochemical parameters determined were: iodine value, peroxide value, free fatty acid, acid value, saponification value, refractive index, specific gravity and pH. The nutritional parameters included: vitamins, minerals, amino acids profile, crude protein and fatty acid profile. The acidity or alkalinity of the oils analysed were measured, the protein contents were analysed using Kjeldahl method, while amino acids determination, fatty acid profile together with water and fat soluble vitamins were determined using Isocratic high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), minerals were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometers (AAS). Findings in this study revealed that oils with iodine value less than 100 gI2/100g of oil are considered non-drying oils. Therefore, all the oils in this study are considered to be non-drying oils because their iodine values were less than 100g. Therefore, non-drying oils are not suitable for ink and paint production due to their non-drying characteristics. All the oils analysed in this study were considered fresh because their perioxide values are less than 10 mEq/kg. Fatty acids profile had significance diferences in all the columns. The findings in this study revealed the physicochemical and the nutritional levels of oils from the samples analysed which showed that they all have appreciable nutrient levels which are good for human consumption. The level of protein and essential amino acids are generally higher in Tea seeds oil than other samples analysed. It was further revealed that tea seed oil had highest amount of essential amino acids for lysine, methionine, leucine, tryptophan, threonine and arginine. However African oil bean seed had the highest amount of vitamins A, B2, C, and K and also had the highest level of sodium and potassium.
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Arueya, Gibson L., Bamidele S. Owosen, and Kazeem K. Olatoye. "Development of Texturized Vegetable Protein from Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus) and African Oil Bean Seed [Pentaclethrama crophylla (Benth)]: Optimization Approach." Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series E: Food Technology 21, no. 1 (2017): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aucft-2017-0007.
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AbstractAs part of measures to combat protein shortages in form of meat analogues, extrusion processing conditions for the development of Texturized Vegetable Protein (TVP) from under-utilized sources (Lima bean and African oil bean seed) are analysed. Optimum parameters for processing were established as being: barrel temperature (92.45°C), screw speed (101.48 rpm), feed moisture (59.63%) and African oil bean seed protein concentrates (AOBSPC) of 1%. Concentrations of essential amino-acids were also found to be significant (0.90-7.3%) with a near absence of anti-nutritional factors (0.0022–1.0008) g/kg. Sensory evaluation showed that TVP5 (100% LBPC) compared favourably with the control sample (cooked meat) in overall acceptability. An Acceptable and nutritious meat analogue had been developed.
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Aladekoyi, G., OO Orungbemi, OA Karimu, and AO Aladejimokun. "Comparative Studies of the Nutritional and Phytochemical Constituents of African oil baen (Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth) and African bean (Anthonotha macrophylla) for Human Consumption." Chemistry Research Journal 2, no. 3 (2017): 16–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13954846.
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The powdered crude sample of African Bean (Opagha in Yoruba Language) (<em>Anthonotha macrophylla</em>) and African oil bean (<em>Pentaclethra macrophylla</em> Benth) were subjected to nutritional, phytochemical and mineral analysis using standard experimental procedures to see whether <em>Anthonotha macrophylla</em>, a totally neglected plant seed in west Africa, could serve as close substitute to African oil bean, usually used for human consumption due to its nutritional value. The nutritional composition of <em>Anthonotha macrophylla</em> revealed the presence of carbohydrates (62.600±0.01%) ,moisture content (9.50±0.01%) ,ash content (3.55±0.01%), crude fat (1.60±0.02%), crude fibre (2.30±0.01%), crude protein (20.30±0.01%) and Vitamin C was 52.017±0.01 mg/100g while the Phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of alkaloids (6.40±0.01), tannins (0.350±0.02), saponins (1.96±0.01), oxalate (1.582±0.01) and phytate (4.325±0.01) in g/100g and the mineral contents in mg/kg of <em>Anthonotha macrophylla</em> were sodium (241.00), potassium (178.50), magnesium (1075.00), iron (19.00), calcium (35.00), manganess (13.00), cupper (59.00) and Zinc (71.00) respectively. Also, the nutritional composition of African Oil bean (<em>Pentaclethral macrophylla</em> benth) revealed the presence of carbohydrates (8.125±0.01%), moisture content (13.250±0.01%) ,ash content (2.70±0.01%), crude fat (46.10±0.01%), crude fibre (6.50±0.01%), crude protein (22.575±0.01%), and the Vitamin C content was 67.941±0.01 in mg/100g while the phytochemical analysed revealed the presence of alkaloid ((11.24±0.01), tannins (0.950±0.02), saponin (3.20±0.01), oxalate (1.387±0.01), and phytate (1.174±0.01), all in g/100g and the mineral content in mg/kg were sodium (457.00), potassium (8700.00), magnesium (6100.00), iron (72.00), calcium (64.00), manganese (45.00) copper (not detected), and zinc (24.00 )in mg/kg respectively. African bean has very high percentage of carbohydrates, which reveals its high calorific value than African oil bean, this show that after proper fermentation, it can be utilized as food. The phytochemical parameters of African bean according to this study are lower than that of African oil bean, which is commonly consumed as food.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "African oil bean seed"
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Zeaiter, Amal. "Intensification par détente instantanée contrôlée (DIC) de la fonctionnalisation physico-chimiques [sic] des graines végétales (caroube et tournesol)." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS011/document.
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La présente thèse traite, au travers d’une analyse fondamentale et expérimentale, l’effet de texturation par détente instantanée contrôlée (DIC) sur les phénomènes de transfert au cours des processus de séchage, d’extraction mécanique et de comportement rhéologique. Les produits concernés ont été les graines de caroube (gomme et germe) et deux variétés de graines de tournesol (linoléique et oléique). La texturation DIC permet d’agir sur la cinétique de séchage par flux d’air ce qui conduit à une intensification des processus de séchage par flux d’air tout en assurant une bonne préservation de la qualité nutritionnelle du produit fini. L’étude expérimentale a été couplée à une analyse phénoménologique de la cinétique à travers une modélisation de type CWD (coupled Washing/Diffusion). Cette dernière étude conduit à une évaluation de l’impact de la texturation sur la diffusivité effective Deff et l’accessibilité initiale δWs. D’autre part, l’étude expérimentale en vue de l’optimisation de l’opération a été réalisée à travers la méthode des plans d’expériences. La modification des paramètres opératoires fonctionnels de la DIC, à savoir la pression absolue de vapeur d’eau saturée sèche (P), et le temps de traitement thermique (t), ainsi que le nombre des cycles (c) sur l’ensemble des performances de l’opération a été établie sur le comportement rhéologique de la gomme de caroube. Une deuxième partie de la thèse a été consacrée à l’étude fondamentale et expérimentale des procédés d’extraction d’huile de tournesol des deux variétés de graines linoléiques et oléiques. Le traitement thermomécanique par détente instantanée contrôlée (DIC) permet, à travers une modification contrôlée de la structure de la matière première, d’agir sur l’extraction mécanique par presse à froid des huiles de tournesol, ainsi que sur l’extraction par solvant de l’huile à partir du tourteau résiduel. Un complément à cette opération a consisté en l’extraction par solvant (n-hexane) opérée sur l’ensemble des graines de tournesol. La texturation DIC a conduit à une grande augmentation du rendement en huile pour les variétés linoléique et oléique. La préservation de la qualité de l’huile et du tourteau prouve l’adéquation de la DIC avec l’absence pratique de la dégradation chimique. Notre étude a également concerné la définition d’un nouveau procédé de désodorisation. Il s’agit de l’utilisation de l’Autovaporisation Multi-Flash MFA sur le raffinage de l’huile de tournesol. Cette technologie innovante de désodorisation se distingue par son faible niveau de température assurant ainsi une sévérité nettement inférieure à celle des méthodes conventionnelles à haute température<br>This thesis deals with a fundamental and experimental analysis of the effect of instant controlled pressure drop (DIC) on the transfer phenomena and rheological behavior, which occurs during the drying process and mechanical and solvent extraction. The products concerned were carob seeds (gum and germ) and two varieties of sunflower seeds (linoleic and oleic). DIC texturing makes it possible to greatly modify the drying kinetics, leading to an effective intensification of the drying processes while maintaining a good preservation of the nutritional quality of the finished product. The experimental study was coupled with a phenomenological kinetic model using the CWD (coupled Washing/Diffusion). This study leads to evaluate the impact of texturing on the effective diffusivity Deff and the initial accessibility δWs. On the other hand, the experimental study for the optimization of the operation was carried out through an adequate experimental design method. The impact of the DIC processing parameters, namely the absolute pressure of saturated dry water vapor (P), and the heat treatment time (t), as well as the number of cycles (c) was established on the rheological behavior of the carob bean gum. A second part of our work was devoted to the theoretical and experimental study of sunflower oil extraction processes of the two types of linoleic and oleic seeds. By acting as a controlled modification of the raw material, (DIC) texturing allowed increasing the yield of sunflower oil by both cold pressing and solvent extraction from the residual cake. DIC texturing has led to a large increase in oil yield for both linoleic and oleic varieties. The preservation of the quality of oil demonstrates that DIC was perfectly adequate with a perfect absence of chemical degradation. Our study also involved the definition of a new deodorization process. This is the use of the Multi-Flash Autovaporization MFA on the refining of sunflower oil. This innovative deodorization technology is characterized by its low temperature level, thus ensuring a much lower severity than conventional high temperature methods
Books on the topic "African oil bean seed"
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Commons, Canada Parliament House of. Bill: An act respecting the Dominion [Oil] Pipe Line and Manufacturing Company. S.E. Dawson, 2003.
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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act to amend the General inspection act so as to provide a grade for flax seed. S.E. Dawson, 2003.
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Commons, Canada Parliament House of. Bill: An act to incorporate the Canadian Lo[an] and Investment Company. S.E. Dawson, 2003.
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Commons, Canada Parliament House of. Bill: An act to incorporate the Quebec [and] New Brunswick Railway Company. S.E. Dawson, 2003.
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Commons, Canada Parliament House of. Bill: An act to supervise and control th[e] warehousing, inspecting and weig[h]ing of grain in Manitoba and th[e] North-west Territories. S.E. Dawson, 2003.
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Commons, Canada Parliament House of. Bill: An act to incorporate the St. Clair River Railway Bridge and Tunnel Company. I.B. Taylor, 2002.
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Commons, Canada Parliament House of. Bill: An act to incorporate the Holiness Mov[e]ment (or Church) in Canada. S.E. Dawson, 2003.
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Commons, Canada Parliament House of. Bill: An act respecting the Merchants Bank of Halifax, and to change its name to "The Royal Bank of Canada". S.E. Dawson, 2003.
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Commons, Canada Parliament House of. Bill: An act to amend the Land titles act, 1894. S.E. Dawson, 2003.
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Commons, Canada Parliament House of. Bill: An act respecting the Dominion Cotton Mills Company (Limited). S.E. Dawson, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "African oil bean seed"
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Archinewhu, S. C. "The African oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth.)." In Food and Feed from Legumes and Oilseeds. Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0433-3_13.
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Nnamani, C. V., D. B. Adewale, H. O. Oselebe, and C. J. Atkinson. "African Yam Bean the Choice for Climate Change Resilience: Need for Conservation and Policy." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_203.
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AbstractGlobal warming has emerged as a major challenge to development and human wellbeing in Sub-Saharan Africa in general and Nigeria in particular. Periodic incidents show that this challenge will continue and increase in impact on all aspects of natural resources – agriculture, ecosystems services, biodiversity depletion, environmental degradation and human health. Recognizing the enormous potential of underutilized plant genetic resources (PGRs) is crucial as sources of solutions to a number of these threatening challenges emanating from climate change (food and nutrition insecurity, genetic erosion, loss of agro-biodiversity, green job growth and income generation) cannot be over-emphasized. Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. ex. A. Rich) Harms., commonly known as African yam bean (AYB) belonging to the leguminous Fabaceae, is an underutilized PGR with rich portfolio which could serve as vital source of robust adaption and resilient germplasm for vulnerable local communities in Nigeria. Its substantial nutritional, environmental, cultural, social, medicinal, industrial and soil restorative potentials underpins its position as climate – smart species. Enhancing the potentials of African yam bean via robust innovative approaches for wider utilization through accelerated research, farmer seed exchanges, in-situ and ex-situ conservations, farmers selection, and policy programs such as seed sovereignty will accentuate its adaptation and used as resilient climate –smart species for the vulnerable groups in Nigeria to cushion impact of climate change.
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Copinschi, Philippe. "Energy and the Economy in Sub-Saharan Africa." In The Palgrave Handbook of International Energy Economics. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86884-0_34.
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AbstractSub-Saharan Africa embodies a paradox. Although the region is blessed with energy resources and has long attracted the oil and gas industry, the majority of its population lacks access to energy, especially electricity, which hinders their economic and social development. For decades the dominant discourse, from governments as well as international development agencies and economic actors, has considered that the exploitation of its energy resources would prompt the economic growth of the continent by giving the countries the financial means to undertake development strategies. Unfortunately, the reality seems much bleaker as most energy producing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa seem to underperform in terms of economic development, plagued by the so-called resource curse. Nigeria, the main oil-producing country on the continent, offers a dramatic illustration of this situation. However, a new approach has recently emerged which focuses on the development of access to energy for the population. As a consequence, all over the continent new initiatives have been put in place to boost access to energy for the local population. This access has at last been acknowledged as a key driver for economic development.
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Eriksen, Thomas Hylland, and Martina Visentin. "Threats to Diversity in a Overheated World." In Acceleration and Cultural Change. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33099-5_3.
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AbstractMost of Eriksen’s research over the years has somehow or other dealt with the local implications of globalization. He has looked at ethnic dynamics, the challenges of forging national identities, creolization and cosmopolitanism, the legacies of plantation societies and, more recently, climate change in the era of ‘accelerated acceleration’. Here we want to talk not just about cultural diversity and not just look at biological diversity, but both, because he believes that there are some important pattern resemblances between biological and cultural diversity. And many of the same forces militate against that and threaten to create a flattened world with less diversity, less difference. And, obviously, there is a concern for the future. We need to have an open ended future with different options, maximum flexibility and the current situation with more homogenization. We live in a time when there are important events taking place, too, from climate change to environmental destruction, and we need to do something about that. In order to show options and possibilities for the future, we have to focus on diversity because complex problems need diverse answers.Martina: I would like to start with a passion of mine to get into one of your main research themes: diversity. I’m a Marvel fan and, what is emerging, is a reduction of what Marvel has always been about: diversity in comics. There seems to be a standardization that reduces the specificity of each superhero and so it seems that everyone is the same in a kind of indifference of difference. So in this hyper-diversity, I think there is also a reduction of diversity. Do you see something similar in your studies as well?Thomas: It’s a great example, and it could be useful to look briefly at the history of thought about diversity and the way in which it’s suddenly come onto the agenda in a huge way. If you take a look at the number of journal articles about diversity and related concepts, the result is stunning. Before 1990, the concept was not much used. In the last 30 years or so, it’s positively exploded. You now find massive research on biodiversity, cultural diversity, agro-biodiversity, biocultural diversity, indigenous diversity and so on. You’ll also notice that the growth curve has this ‘overheating shape’ indicating exponential growth in the use of the terms. And why is this? Well, I think this has something to do with what Hegel described when he said that ‘the owl of Minerva flies at dusk,’ which is to say that it is only when a phenomenon is being threatened or even gone that it catches widespread attention. Regarding diversity, we may be witnessing this mechanism. The extreme interest in diversity talk since around 1990 is largely a result of its loss which became increasingly noticeable since the beginning of the overheating years in the early 1990s. So many things happened at the same time, more or less. I was just reminded yesterday of the fact that Nelson Mandela was released almost exactly a year after the fall of the Berlin Wall. There were many major events taking place, seemingly independently of each other, in different parts of the world. This has something to do with what you’re talking about, because yes, I think you’re right, there has been a reduction of many kinds of diversity.So when we speak of superdiversity, which we do sometimes in migration studies (Vertovec, 2023), we’re really mainly talking about people who are diverse in the same ways, or rather people who are diverse in compatible ways. They all fit into the template of modernity. So the big paradox here of identity politics is that it expresses similarity more than difference. It’s not really about cultural difference because they rely on a shared language for talking about cultural difference. So in other words, in order to show how different you are from everybody else, you first have to become quite similar. Otherwise, there is a real risk that we’d end up like Ludwig Wittgenstein’s lion. In Philosophical Investigations (Wittgenstein, 1983), he remarks that if a lion could talk, we wouldn’t understand what it was saying. Lévi-Strauss actually says something similar in Tristes Tropiques (Lévi-Strauss, 1976) where he describes meeting an Amazonian people, I think it was the Nambikwara, who are so close that he could touch them, and yet it is as though there were a glass wall between them. That’s real diversity. It’s different in a way that makes translation difficult. And it’s another world. It’s a different ontology.These days, I’m reading a book by Leslie Bank and Nellie Sharpley about the Coronavirus pandemic in South Africa (Bank & Sharpley, 2022), and there are rural communities in the Eastern Cape which don’t trust biomedicine, so many refuse vaccinations. They resist it. They don’t trust it. Perhaps they trust traditional remedies slightly more. This was and is the situation with HIV-AIDS as well. This is a kind of diversity which is understandable and translateable, yet fundamental. You know, there are really different ways in which we see the Cosmos and the universe. So if you take the Marvel films, they’ve really sort of renovated and renewed the superhero phenomenon, which was almost dead when they began to revive it. As a kid around 1970, I was an avid reader of Superman and Batman. I also read a lot of Donald Duck and incidentally, a passion for i paperi and the Donald/Paperino universe is one curious commonality between Italy and Norway. Anyway, with the superheroes, everybody was very white. They represented a the white, conservative version of America. In the renewed Marvel universe, there are lots of literally very strong women, who are independent agents and not just pretty appendages to the men as they had often been in the past. You also had people with different cultural and racial identities. The Black Panther of Wakanda and all the mythology which went with it are very popular in many African countries. It’s huge in Nigeria, for example, and seems to add to the existing diversity. But then again, as we were saying and as you observed, these characters are diverse in comparable within a uniform framework, a pretty rigid cultural grammar which presupposes individualism: there are no very deep cultural differences in the way they see the world. So that’s the new kind of diversity, which really consists more of talking about diversity than being diverse. I should add that the superdiversity perspective is very useful, and I have often drawn on it myself in research on cultural complexity. But it remains framed within the language of modernity.Martina: What you just said makes me think of contradictory dimensions that are, however, held together by the same gaze. How is it that your approach helps hold together processes that nevertheless tell us the same thing about the concept of diversity?Thomas: When we talk about diversity, it may be fruitful to look at it from a different angle. We could look at traditional knowledge and bodily skills among indigenous peoples, for example, and ideas about nature and the afterlife. Typically, some would immediately object that this is wrong and we are right and they should learn science and should go to school, period. But that’s not the point when we approach them as scholars, because then we try to understand their worlds from within and you realize that this world is experienced and perceived in ways which are quite different from ours. One of the big debates in anthropology for a number of years now has concerned the relationship between culture and nature after Lévi-Strauss, the greatest anthropological theorist of the last century. His view was that all cultures have a clear distinction between culture and nature, which is allegedly a universal way of creating order. This view has been challenged by people who have done serious ethnographic work on the issue, from my Oslo colleague Signe Howell’s work in Malaysia to studies in Melanesia, but perhaps mainly in the Amazon, where anthropologists argue that there are many ways of conceptualising the relationship between humans and everything else. Many of these world-views are quite ecological in character. They see us as participants in the same universe as other animals, plants and even rocks and rivers, and might point out that ‘the land does not belong to us – we belong to the land’. That makes for a very different relationship to nature than the predatory, exploitative form typical of capitalist modernity. In other words, in these cultural worlds, there is no clear boundary between us humans and non-humans. If you go in that direction, you will discover that in fact, cultural diversity is about much more than giving rights to minorities and celebrating National Day in different ethnic costumes, or even establishing religious tolerance. That way of talking about diversity is useful, but it should not detract attention from deeper and older forms of diversity.
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Rachid, Djafer. "Intoxication by Harmel." In Medical Toxicology. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92936.
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Herbal medicine has taken a prominent place in the North African skincare system because of the increased installation of herbalists and healers, but unfortunately most of these do not have the required level to practice this medicine. The Harmel (Peganum harmala L.) belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae, which has 24 genera and 240 species. It is a herbaceous plant, perennial, glabrous, and bushy, from a height of 30–100 cm, with a thick rhizome, its strong, unpleasant odor reminiscent of that of the Rue (Ruta graveolens). The Harmel is a toxic plant widespread in North Africa which has an important place in traditional medicine in several indications. It is used as a sedative, antitussive, antipyretic, antirheumatic, and antihelminthic, and to treat some skin diseases. Harmel is ingested with a glass of water or mixed with honey or pounded with olive oil. The intoxications are mainly due to overdose; the absorption of a quantity of seed greater than a teaspoon causes hallucinations and vomiting. In France, Harmel as well as its compounds (Harmine, Harmaline, Harmol, and harmalol) have been classified among the astonishing substances. The clinical manifestations described in the literature include: digestive disorders, bradycardia; neurological disorders paralysis, central nervous system depression; renal disorders; and in severe cases, dyspnoea and hypothermia and hypotension.
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Diouf, Sylviane A. "West African Origins." In Dreams of Africa in Alabama. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195311044.003.0004.
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Abstract Eighteen-Sixty Was A Good Year to buy captives in Ouidah. The previous three years had been a boon for slave dealing in Dahomey. Such activity had not been seen for a long time, be- cause, since the early 1850s, when it got involved in the legitimate commerce in palm oil, the kingdom had reduced its slave-trading activities. King Ghezo had been firmly encouraged down this new path by Great Britain, and, parallel to diplomatic exhortation, London had blockaded the Dahomian ports for six months in 1851–1852 when it had become apparent that the kingdom had not renounced the transatlantic slave trade. Finally, on January 13, 1852, Ghezo had reluctantly agreed to sign a treaty abolishing the “export of slaves to foreign countries” and promising to punish severely any person who broke the law. Deprived of the revenues brought by the trade in people, the kingdom was to receive instead the income generated by the export of oil needed by the European industries.
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Abiola Oso, Adeola, and Anofi Omotayo Ashafa. "Nutritional Composition of Grain and Seed Proteins." In Grain and Seed Proteins Functionality [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97878.
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Grains including wheat, brown rice, millet, oat, and seeds from crops such as pumpkins, almonds, cashew, peas are important staple foods in many parts of the world. Grains and seeds contain proteins and bioactive peptides classified as nutraceuticals. Proteins and peptides are essential components in man’s diet because they provide the raw materials needed for protein biosynthesis and are also a good source of energy. Incorporating grains and seeds into the human diet provide nutritional, functional health benefits, reducing contracting some chronic diseases. They avail the body with a balanced nutrient profile such as carbohydrate, fatty-acid, fibre, B vitamins, minerals and protein. The quest at exploring staples for their functional and health benefits, as well as reducing risks to diseases, has resulted in the investigation of the potentials of grains and seeds, especially the underutilised ones (African yam bean, pigeon pea, Bambara groundnut etc.) for consumption and as an alternative therapy against diseases. This chapter discusses grains and seeds as sources of nutrition protagonist, their nutritive property, health benefits, and the pharmacological properties of bioactive peptides in grains and seeds. However, some under-utilised grain and seed proteins would also be explored for their nutritive potentials.
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Hameed, Asifa, Cristina Rosa, and Edwin G. Rajotte. "A Review on Ecology of Interactions in Soybean Vein Necrosis Orthotospovirus (SVNV): Plants, Vectors, Virus Dispersal and Management Perspectives." In Legumes - Volume 1 [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102423.
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Soybean vein necrosis orthotospovirus (SVNV, Genus: Orthotospovirus, Family: Tospoviridae, Order Bunyavirales) is a vector and seed transmitted virus that infects soybean in different countries around the world. The purpose of this review paper was to provide information about SVNV, its geographic dispersal, vectors, disease transmission mode, alternative host plants, diagnostic tools and management. SVNV is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus reported in all soybean growing states in the USA, Egypt and Canada. SVNV can replicate in plants belonging to six different families, including the Leguminosae member mung bean, which is a major component of the diet of poor people of Asia. The most efficient and abundant SVNV vector species is Neohydatothrips variabilis (Beach.) (Sericothripinae: Thripidae). Five other insect species have the potential to transmit the virus, but their rate of transmission is very low. In addition to leaf necrosis, this virus can decrease seed oil content by 0.1% that may lead to a decrease in quality of SVNV infected seed in oilseed markets. In fact, in the infected seeds the quantity of the undesirable linolenic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid is increased. Broad presence of SVNV in all soybean growing regions points to the need to manage vector and virus. However, research is needed to determine various management options for the virus and vector including breeding for genetic resistance.
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Chizoo, Esonye. "Alkali Homogeneous Catalyzed Methyl Ester Synthesis from Chrysophyllum albidum Seed Oil: An Irreversible Consecutive Mechanism Approach." In Alkaline Chemistry and Applications. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95519.
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This chapter considers the application of alkaline (NaOH) based catalyzed methanolysis of seed oil from Chrysophyllum albidum (African star apple) as a viable route for synthesis of methyl esters (biodiesel). Specific consideration was given to the chemical kinetics and thermodynamics of the irreversible consecutive mechanism of the process on the basis of higher application of methanol/molar ratio (>3:1) as a feasible approach for generating required data for commercial scale-up of the process. The application of power rate law revealed that second order model was the best fitted model on the 328 K, 333 K and 338 K temperature and 0–100 min ranges studied. Rate constants of the glyceride hydrolysis were 0.00710, 0.00870 and 0.00910 wt% min−1 for the triglyceride (TG), 0.02390, 0.03040 and 0.03210 wt% min−1 for the diglycerides (DG) and 0.01600, 0.03710 and 0.04090 wt% min−1 for the monoglycerides (MG) at the above respective temperatures. The activation energies were 2.707, 7.30 and 23.33 kcal/mol respectively. TG hydrolysis to DG was the rate determining step. Rates of reactions were found to increase with increase temperature and mixing rate (200, 400 and 800 rpm). No optimal mixing rate was detected and the highest mixing rate of 800 rpm was the most favorable in the mixing range under investigation. The possible reason for the absence of lag period is formation of methyl esters, which acted as a solvent for the reactants, and consequently, made the reaction mixture a homogeneous single phase. The quality of the produced methyl esters were found to compare with international standards. All the results lead to more diverse and novel applications of the seed oil in biodiesel productions.
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Gbolagade Akeem, Lameed, and Lateef Funmilayo Lewiska. "Hunting and Deforestation: A Threat to the Existence of the Niger Delta Red Colobus Monkey (Procolobus epieni)." In Environmental Management [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96885.
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The Niger Delta in Nigeria is the largest wetland in Africa and the third largest mangrove forest in the world. The region is known for its richness in biodiversity as well as its oil and gas resources. Due to the high level of oil exploration, deforestation, hunting and insecurities in these areas, the wildlife especially endemic species like the Niger Delta red colobus becomes vulnerable to extinction. Most researches on their range have noted a significant reduction in their population and range distribution. Hence, up-to-date information on their current status is paramount to ensure proper and urgent conservation measures. Data was obtained through the use of field survey and secondary data. The species was recently discovered endemic to Niger delta region in Nigeria for about 23 years ago and recent studies observed that there has been a drastic reduction in their population and a shift in the range they formally occupied faulting this to anthropogenic activities. This study revealed that the location is under intense timber extraction and hunting and as a result, one of the location in the Apoi creek where it was reported to be present, record no species of Red colobus monkey. Only the red capped mangabey monkey (3) were sighted at the location with some evidence of alligator (10). Result also revealed that most of the communities (age ≤ 30) do not know or have seen the species. The situation at the location is exacerbated because of the level of poverty and insecurity in the areas. Going by the evidence of intense timber extraction and hunting at the location, the number of this species may have drastically reduced compared to what it was formally projected (±200 individuals). It is therefore strongly recommended that a follow up of the research is done in other location where it was reported to be present.
Conference papers on the topic "African oil bean seed"
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White, Jerry E., Jim D. Earls, Marvin L. Dettloff, and Marty J. Null. "Development and Evaluation of Terminally Epoxidized Triglycerides for Coatings Applications." In SSPC 2003. SSPC, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2003-00050.
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Abstract Epoxidized 10-undecenoic acid triglyceride, an experimental seed oil derivative that has a terminal epoxy group on each of the three acyl glyceride segments, has been found to have good reactivity with amine curatives and allows room temperature cures to be obtained. This behavior is in contrast to that of internally epoxidized triglycerides derived from soy bean and linseed oils which do not cure at room temperature and yellow badly when cured at higher temperatures. Coatings based on epoxidized 10-undecenoic acid triglyceride have also shown excellent UV stability. As an example, coatings samples placed in a QUVA chamber exhibit no loss in gloss after 3000 hours of a cycled exposure to high intensity UV lamps and moisture at temperatures of 50-60°C. In comparison, coatings based on commercially-available bisphenol A-diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and hydrogenated BADGE lose gloss due to chalking/decomposition within 200-800 hours.
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Panlaqui, Angelo, Roderick De Luna, and Lemuel Tayo. "Tree Bean (Parkia timoriana) Seed Oil: A Potential Raw Material for Biofuel Production." In 2021 10th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Application (ICRERA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrera52334.2021.9598694.
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Kupittayanant, S., P. Kupittayanant, A. Thaeomor, and P. Kusolrat. "Recovery effects of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) seed oil on menopausal symptoms in ovariectomized rats." In GA 2017 – Book of Abstracts. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608395.
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Graef, George. "High-yield soybean lines with improved seed protein and oil balance." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/reen3740.
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Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is a leading supplier of vegetable oil and high-quality protein meal in world markets. Processors expect an oil yield of at least 11 lb bu-1 and want to produce a 48% protein meal. On-farm soybean yields show a linear increase of ~0.45 bu a-1 yr-1, but the prevalent negative association between yield and seed protein concentration resulted in a decrease in seed protein of ~2 percentage points during the past 80 years. Seed oil concentration typically is slightly positively associated with yield and highly negatively correlated with protein, and estimates for the 2021 US soybean extraction rate indicate an all-time high of 11.9 lb bu-1. More extreme levels of protein or oil in the seed have been achieved, but trade-offs with yield and/or the other major component make those soybean lines unsuitable for the commodity market. With large projected increases in demand for both oil and protein, a commodity bean with improved balance of major components that meets the needs of the farmer and processor is needed. By focusing on processing outputs, we realized an improved balance of seed components between protein, oil, and soluble carbohydrates. In multi-environment trials over years, the improved soybean lines yield as well as the elite checks, produce a 48% meal and yield ~1.5 pounds of oil per bushel. In Nebraska tests over two years and 6 locations, new lines showed elite yields (76-86 bu a-1) equal to the checks, produce a 48% protein meal and yield 12.7 pounds of oil per bushel. With judicious choice of parental lines, evaluation and selection based on multiple seed traits and yield, it is possible to increase both oil and protein concentration in the seed and achieve elite yields for commodity markets. These soybeans can help meet the growing demand for both soy protein and oil and provide improved yield and quality for farmers and processors.
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Ademiju, T., E. Olaroye, and J. Eze. "Evaluation of Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Fattyacid Composition of Tiger Nut Oil (CYPERUS ESCULENTUS L.)." In 2021 African Institute for Science Policy and Innovation International Biennial Conference. Koozakar LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.69798/26780337.
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Despite the fact that tiger nuts oil is not entirely new, it is still largely untapped in many parts of the world and underutilized even in areas where it is grown, especially in Nigeria. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the physicochemical properties and fatty acids composition of tiger nuts (Cyperus. esculentus) tuber oil. The oil was extracted from milled tiger nuts using the evaporation process with redistilled industrial grade n-hexane as solvent. The quality of the extracted oils was assessed in terms of acid value, iodine value, saponification value, peroxide value, refractive index, and unsaponifiable matter. Physiochemical properties of the oil samples were determined. The peroxide value, free fatty acid, and moisture content of tiger nut oils were monitored for four (4) weeks during the storage studies. The refractive index, specific gravity, acid value and free fatty acid value ranged between 1.46 - 1.47, 0.89 - 0.90, 0.4 - 1.40mg/g, and 0.20 - 0.75% respectively. The peroxide, saponification and iodine values ranged between 3.99- 4.43meq/kg, 183.25 -202.87 mg/kOH/g and 29.69- 31.74g/l2/g respectively. The major fatty acids (FAs) of the tiger nut oil were oleic (77.71%), palmitic (16.17%), and stearic (5.08%) acids for the black cultivar; oleic (64.12%), palmitic (11.86%), linoleic (11.87%) and dihum, linolenic (1.71%) for the brown cultivar while the yellow cultivar had oleic (68.89%), linoleic (12.77%), palmitic (13.33%) and stearic (4.46%). During storage, the oil's peroxide value, free fatty acid and moisture content was 5.62 mmol 20/kg, 1.54 mg KOH/g and 01338 respectively. These results indicate that tiger nut tuber oil could be a good source of edible oil, can replace imported olive, maize, sunflower and/or soy bean oils in foods and address domestic supply gaps of edible oils in Nigeria.
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Witte, Jan, Daniel Trümpy, and Hans Georg Babies. "The Role of Neo-Tectonics in Oil Migration, Lake Turkana Region, Kenya." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2574239-ms.
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ABSTRACT Numerous oil seeps have been documented in the Turkana Basin, western Kenya. However, no commercial oil has been found here to date. Recently discovered substantial oil fields in the nearby Lokichar Basin indicate that oil migration can be complex in these rift basins and may pose an exploration risk. We present a new fault and lineament map of the Turkana-Lokichar Basins, integrated with present-day stress data, oil seeps and known prospects. Digital terrain data, satellite images, geological maps, seep and gravity data were integrated into a GIS-database, to superimpose the data and to test it for spatial correlations. Digital terrain data, satellite images, gravity and structural maps were used to conduct detailed mapping of the fault and lineament network. The seep and prospect maps are based on the integration of different public data sources. Four main fault sets are recognized in the basin (~N-S, W-E, NW-SE and SW-NE). Careful analysis of topographic data along both shores of Lake Turkana reveals numerous fault scarps, indicative of recent tectonic activity (particularly the N-S and NW-SE set). The area is presently under NW-SE oriented extension, implying that most of the rift-parallel N-S faults are under oblique dextral transtension. The majority of the documented oil seeps and slicks are found to be associated with rift-parallel faults but also occasionally with the W-E trending set. Recently published neo-tectonic and isostatic uplift data indicate that the highest level of recent fault activity is presently found close to the rift axis and dominantly on the rift-parallel fault sets. We conclude that ~N-S and W-E oriented faults are the most conductive pathways for hydrocarbons in this region under the present-day stress field (and likely throughout the Mio-Pliocene). We further observe that several prospects of the NW-SE trend have seepages associated with them, which could be indicative of breached traps, especially close to the rift axis where faults are most active. Our assessment should help to better understand migration pathways and exploration risks in the Turkana Basin. We encourage explorers to carefully map fault networks, investigate active fault scarps, age-date them where possible, test them for spatial correlation with oil seeps and evaluate them within the context of the present-day stress field. In consequence these workflows will help mitigate exploration risks in the Turkana-Lokichar Basins and similar tectonic settings.
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Witte, Jan, Daniel Trümpy, Jürgen Meßner, and Hans Georg Babies. "Petroleum Potential of Rift Basins in Northern Somalia – A Fresh Look." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2573746-ms.
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ABSTRACT Several wells have encountered good oil shows in the rift basins of northern Somalia, however, without finding commercial hydrocarbons to date. It is widely accepted that these basins have a similar tectonic evolution and a comparable sedimentary fill as the highly productive rift basins in Yemen from which they have been separated by the opening of the Gulf of Aden (fully established in Mid Oligocene). We present new regional tectonic maps, new basement outcrop maps, a new structural transect and new play maps, specifically for the Odewayne, Nogal, Daroor and Socotra Basins. Digital terrain data, satellite images, surface geology maps (varying scales), oil seep/slick maps, potential data (gravity), well data from ~50 wells and data from scientific publications were compiled into a regional GIS-database, so that different data categories could be spatially analyzed. To set the tectonic framework, the outlines of the basins under investigation were re-mapped, paying particular attention to crystalline basement outcrops. A set of play maps was established. We recognize at least three source rocks, five reservoirs and at least three regional seals to be present in the area (not all continuously present). Numerous oil seeps are documented, particularly in the Nogal and Odewayne Basins, indicative of ongoing migration or re-migration. Data from exploration wells seem to further support the presence of active petroleum systems, especially in the central Nogal, western Nogal and central Daroor Basins. Our GIS-based data integration confirms that significant hydrocarbon potential remains in the established rift basins, such as the Nogal and Daroor Basins. Additionally, there are a number of less known satellite basins (on and offshore) which can be mapped out and that remain completely undrilled. All of these basins have to be considered frontier basins, due to their poorly understood geology, remoteness, marketing issues and missing oil infrastructure, making the economic risks significant. However, we believe that through acquisition of new seismic data, geochemical analysis, basin modelling and, ultimately, exploration drilling these risks can be mitigated to a point where the economic risks become acceptable. We encourage explorers to conduct regional basin analysis, data integration, a GIS-based approach and modern structural geology concepts to tackle key issues, such as trap architecture, structural timing, migration pathways and breaching risks.
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Kome, Melvin, and Mohd Amro. "Water Influx Predictions in Reservoirs with Aquifer Drive Using the Two-Phase Reservoir Integral Type Pseudo-Pressure with Applicability in Gas Hydrate Reservoirs." In SPE/AAPG Africa Energy and Technology Conference. SPE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/afrc-2570887-ms.
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ABSTRACT The application of the Kirchhoff transformation has proven to be a very effective tool in simplifying and solving complex diffusivity equations in reservoirs. Since its introduction by [1] in addressing the non-linear behavior of compressible fluids, it has seen many modifications and implementations in multiphase systems, from the Perrine type pseudo-pressure to the reservoir integral type pseudo-pressure also called the Mass balance Model (MBM) for pseudo-pressure as discussed by [2]. Its applicability in addressing water influx from aquifers to oil and gas reservoirs has as of now not been addressed. Moreover, the models developed so far to address water influx such as the works of [3], [4], [5], have many limitations, such as imposing constant pressure at the reservoir&ndash;aquifer interface, single phase model used, no analytical approach of predicting excessive water cuts. In this paper, the MBM pseudo-pressure is used to address water influx in reservoirs with two-phase flow (Gas/Water or Oil/Water). The model response is derived by developing diffusivity equations for the composite reservoir system to address the communication between the hydrocarbon reservoir and the aquifer. The non-homogenous nature of the diffusivity equation of each phase makes the derivation of the solutions to the equations cumbersome. Nonetheless, the reservoir integral type pseudo-pressure being a very powerful, can be incorporated in the diffusivity equations of the phases and solutions to the models can rigorously be derived. Defining the boundary conditions for each phase is very crucial as the hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon reservoir depict a no-flow boundary at the aquifer interface, whereas the water phase and the total system response of the hydrocarbon reservoir depict mass conservation at the hydrocarbon reservoir-aquifer interface. Using this approach, the solutions to the phases in the hydrocarbon and aquifer are readily obtained and its applicability in gas hydrate reservoirs highlighted. The effects of the water influx from the aquifer are clearly seen with increasing water cut at the sandface. The effects of different outer boundary conditions in the aquifer are investigated. The novel approach introduced in this work will help tremendously to improve the characterization of the reservoir with multiphase flow, mostly especially for reservoirs with aquifer drive.
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Munoz, Juan Fernando. "High oleic palm oil: Uses and applications." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/eoga3312.
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High oleic palm oil (HOPO) is the result of an agricultural innovation. A non-GMO palm, more resistant to diseases such as bud rot, with a higher oil yield per area than E.guineensis palm, was obtained. Its oil is mostly unsaturated; its oleic acid content is 10-15% higher compared to African palm oil. It has a higher content of beta-carotene (pro-vitamin A) and natural antioxidants such as tocotrienols and tocopherols (Vitamin E).HOPO can be refined by a special process that allows the oil to retain most of the nutritional components that are present in the crude oil. A refined red colored oil is obtained, with high beta-carotene and vitamins content, which can be fractionated to produce red oleins and stearins, for various applications where its color and nutritional value can be exploited.The objective of this conference is to share our experience in the use and commercialization of HOPO, highlighting its advantages in the formulation of edible oils and in industrial applications.High oleic red palm olein can be used as a cooking oil in households, imparting a pleasant reddish-gold color to food. Both red olein and stearin can be used in the production of baked goods, allowing these foods to retain part of the vitamins given by the oil, and as a source of natural beta-carotene.Traditionally refined high oleic palm olein, being more unsaturated than E. guineensis palm olein, is more resistant to crystallization in cold climates, which allows it to replace imported seed oils in edible oil formulas. Industries that produce snacks and fried foods also use this oil due to its high resistance to oxidation and its lower content of saturated fatty acids than traditional palm olein, facilitating the production of shortenings reduced in saturated fat, which is increasingly required by different industries in Latin America.
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Alsinan, Ali, Khalilur Rehman, and Ahmad Bakodah. "Towards Sustainable Excellence & Biodiversity Protection in Upstream O & G Facility." In Middle East Oil, Gas and Geosciences Show. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213248-ms.
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Objective The objective is to showcase the Abu Ali facility's commitment to protecting and preserving the Abu Ali biodiversity ecosystem. The project demonstrates a modern sustainable, circular, innovative and systemic approach to target the biodiversity threats in multi-dimensional aspects and transform these threats into opportunities to improve the island's ecosystem. The island is important to Aramco's upstream operations because it houses an oil and gas production facility. The organization has determined its environmental goals from the corporate policies and vision to be as follows. Contribute to reaching the company's and the kingdom's vision for being a net zero-carbon operating facility by 2050 and 2060, respectively, by reducing and offsetting greenhouse gases' impact on climate. Support the Saudi Green Initiative by planting mangroves and trees in the Abu Ali Island and seeking for sourcing out the mangrove seeds to other entities. Align and adapt with carbon circular economy (CCE) approaches in reusing/repairing/recycling wasted materials and resources turning them into valuable products. Protect, preserve and enhance the Abu Ali biodiversity area to create an integrated ecosystem for wildlife, marine life, and birds. Be recognized at the corporate, nationally, and internationally as a role model in environmental protection stewardship. Background North of Jubail, a city in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, close to a large offshore oil field, sits Abu Ali Island. There are two large islands in the archipelago which are potentially preservational. The larger one is Abu Ali Island located to the north and the southern one is called Al Batinah Island. Abu Ali Island is a unique isolated island with one of the most diversified habitats in the Arabian Gulf, a home for a variety of creatures, and Aramco's oil and gas operational area. Aramco has designated Abu Ali Island as the country's first and biggest biodiversity stewardship island. The island is a sabkha semi-dry grassland. The coral reefs that encircle Abu Ali Island were formed naturally, making it an excellent habitat for marine life. The island's ecological and biological systems benefit from the variety of marine life. Birds nest on the island, turtles lay eggs, and foxes hunt for food. Abu Ali Island is on birds' migratory paths, and the island has become a resting area during migratory seasons. Furthermore, Abu Ali Island has been a fishing harbor for local fishermen for decades. Wildlife Habitat Mammals, reptiles, and rodents are just a few of the many biological species found on Abu Ali Island. Numerous other species, including the Cerastes Gasperettii/Arabian horned viper "Um Jounab" and the Arabian Red Fox, were also commonly observed on the island. The island is covered with vegetation, including native plants, cultivated trees, and herbs such as Ziziphus spina-christi "Sidir," Rhanterium epapposum "Arfaj," and Zygophyllum qatarense. Migratory Birds The island is situated in one of the main flyways of migratory birds that travel seasonally from Siberia & Eastern Europe to Africa. The migratory birds settle down for a couple of days/weeks to take a rest and food supply, then continue their long journey. The following migratory bird species have been spotted at Abu Ali Island: Black-necked Grebe, Great Crested Grebe, Black Kite, Slender-billed Gull, Greater Flamingo, Western Reef-egret, Lesser Crested Tern, White-cheeked Tern, Saunders's Tern, Little Tern, Grey Plover, Lesser Sandplover, Greater Sandplover, Kentish Plover, Bar-tailed Godwit, Whimbrel, Eurasian Curlew, Dunlin, Terek Sandpiper, Common Redshank, Common Greenshank, Ruddy Turnstone, Eurasian Oystercatcher, Crab-plover and Osprey. Marine Life Abu Ali Island is a territory of a critically endangered creature, the Hawksbill sea turtle. The turtles travel to various sites in the Arabian Gulf and lay their eggs on an island like Abu Ali Island during the year's roosting season. Besides that, coral reefs, seagrass, and mangroves thrive around Abu Ali Island creating attractive habitats for fishes and other organisms to reproduce and enrich marine life.