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1
Best, Felton O. "Crossing the color line : a biography of Paul Laurence Dunbar, 1872-1906 /." Connect to resource, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1249488861.
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Pinnock, William. ""To learn how to speak": a study of Jeremy Cronin's poetry." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021038.
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In the chapters that follow, the porous boundary between the public and the private in Jeremy Cronin’s poetry is investigated in his three collections, Inside (1983), Even the Dead: Poems, Parables and a Jeremiad (1996) and More Than a Casual Contact (2006). I argue two particular Marxist theorists are central to reading Cronin’s poetry: Bertolt Brecht, and his notion of the Verfremdungseffekt, and Walter Benjamin and his work on historical materialism, primarily the essay On the Concept of History / Theses on the Philosophy of History (1940). Both theorists focus on the work of art in a historically contextualized manner, which extends the challenge to the boundary between the public and the private. Their work is underpinned by the desire to draw out hidden narratives occluded under the grand narratives of history and capitalist ideas of progress. I argue that these are the major preoccupations in Cronin’s oeuvre as well. As such Cronin’s poetry may be seen to write against a perspective that proposes a linear conceptualisation of history. The poetry therefore challenges the notion that art speaks of ‘universal truths.’ Such ideas of History and Truth, if viewed uncritically, allow for a tendency to conceive of the past as unchanging, which subconsciously promotes the idea that social and political realities are merely logical evolutionary steps. I argue that Cronin’s poetry is thus purposefully interruptive in the way that it confronts the damaging consequences of the linear conceptualisation of history and the universal truth it promotes. His work attempts to find new ways of connection and expression through learning from South Africa’s violent past. The significance of understanding each other and the historical environment as opposed to imposing perspectives that underwrite the symbolic order requires the transformation rather than the simple transferral of power, and is a central focus throughout Cronin’s oeuvre. This position suggests that while the struggle for political freedom may be over, the necessity to rethink how South Africans relate to each other is only beginning. Chapter One will focus on positioning Cronin, the poet and public figure, in South African literature and literary criticism. In this regard, two general trends have operated as critical paradigms in the study of South African poetry, namely Formalism (or ‘prac crit’) and a Marxist inflected materialism, which have in many ways perpetuated the division between the private and the public. This has resulted in poetry being read with an exclusive focus on either one of these two aspects, overlooking the possibilities of dialogue that may take place between them. Cronin’s perspective on these polarised responses will be discussed, which will illustrate the similarity of his position to Ndebele’s notion of the ‘ordinary’ which suggests a way beyond these binaries. This will lead to a discussion of how South African poets responded to the transition phase, suggesting that the elements of the polarisation still remained. Considering the major influences and paradigms when reading Cronin’s oeuvre provides a foundation for the following three chapters. These include Cronin’s use of Romanticism, Bertolt Brecht and the V-Effekt and Walter Benjamin’s perspectives on historical materialism. In addition to these three theoretical paradigms, the relevance of Pablo Neruda’s poetry to Cronin’s work is also foregrounded. In Chapter Two, the focus will be on Cronin’s first collection of poetry, Inside, concentrating on Cronin’s use of language as a way of constructing poetry in the sparseness of the prison experience. This will show an abiding preoccupation of learning to speak in a language that considers the material context out of which it emerges. In this regard, the poems “Poem-Shrike” “Prologue” and “Cave-site” are analysed. In addition, one of the central poems in Cronin’s oeuvre, “To learn how to speak […],” will be examined in order to illustrate how the poet extends this project on a meta-poetic level, asking for South African poets to ‘learn how to speak’ in the voices of South African experience and histories. I will show how this is linked to Cronin’s “Walking on Air” which illustrates how the V-Effeckt recovers the small private histories through re-telling the life story of James Matthews, a fellow prisoner incarcerated for his anti-apartheid activism, revealing how this story is intimately connected to the public sphere. In Chapter Three, Cronin’s second collection: Even the Dead: Poems, Parables and a Jeremiad will be examined. In the poem “Three Reasons for a Mixed, Umrabulo, Round-the-Corner Poetry” Cronin resists inherited Western poetic conventions by incorporating and subverting versions of the Romantic aesthetic, arguing for poetry to be immersed in South African multi-lingual and multi-cultural experiences. “Even the Dead” reveals how Cronin uses Walter Benjamin’s perspectives on historical materialism to confront amnesia. In terms of the themes established in “To learn how to speak […]”, the poem “Moorage” demonstrates how the public and private can never be separated in Cronin’s work. The final section of this chapter will examine how Cronin responds to Pablo Neruda’s poems “I am explaining a few things” and “The Education of a Chieftain,” and how these poems challenge narratives that privilege the ‘great leader’ instead of the so-called smaller individuals’ stories. Chapter Four examines selections from Cronin’s third collection, focusing on Cronin’s use of the automobile, charting an ambiguous trajectory through the ‘new’ South Africa. The examination of the poems “Where to begin?”, “Switchback” and “End of the century - which is why wipers,” all attempt to include individuals left on the margins of the narrative of global freeways and neo-liberal capitalist progress. The poems present an interrogation of how ‘vision’ is constructed. This will show that the poetry responds to the experiences of the marginalised under these grand narratives in a primarily fragmentary and interruptive manner. This in effect constitutes the culmination of Cronin’s poetic journey and the search for new ways of envisaging South Africa’s future and finding a new language with which to speak it.
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Tait, Charles Norman. "Die verjaardagvers-ritueel in Breyten Breytenbach se oeuvre." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5076.
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This study investigates the subgenre of the birthday poem within Breyten Breytenbach’s poetical oeuvre. Throughout the now half a century of his poetic production the writer has repeatedly written poems for himself on his birthday on 16 September of each new year (as well as a smaller number to his wife and close friends) The writing of birthday poems becomes a ritualist poetical act throughout the poet’s life and poetical oeuvre, one that has served many purposes over the years of Breytenbach’s increasingly nomadic existence. This study’s scope spans fifty years of poetical output, starting with the poet’s debut anthology, Die ysterkoei moet sweet (1964), including all the anthologies up to the publication of vyf-en-veertig skemeraandsange uit die eenbeendanser se werkruimte (2014). A small literary history is offered at the outset of the tradition of the birthday poem, based in classical Roman times (Argetsinger,K 1992) and following through to modern times. After describing the reasons for the sometimes challenging task of identifying birthday poems (unmarked by dates, having to rely on inference deduced from the content, and the like), the poems are analyzed with a particular focus on their nature and function within the larger context of the poet’s oeuvre. The research is organized according to the separate phases traceable in Breyten Breytenbach’s oeuvre (Van Vuuren 2011: 46–56), describing the steadily shifting themes and motifs of the subgenre throughout each of the four phases (pre-prison, prison, post-prison and late work phases). It was found that the birthday poems cohere as a subgenre within the oeuvre. Breytenbach’s birthday poems have a distinctive character and certain identifiable qualities (ritualistic characteristics such as reflection on the self within the present, reflection on time past, evaluating the situation and self on the particular birthday. Placed against the specific context in which the poet finds himself, with a poetical and autobiographical way forward implied in the given milieu and context, psychological insights are utilized where applicable, especially in the prison birthday poems and the late work birthday poems. A remarkable new insight gained through this study is the nature of he “reminiscence bump” (Janssen, Haque 2014) which older people experience, and is identified also in Breytenbach’s late work birthday poems. This adds to and refines the understanding of the nature of late work in Breytenbach’s poetical oeuvre. A final insight gained from the research is that description and comprehension of this smaller corpus of birthday poems (roughly thirty identified at present) may also be used as an entry into understanding of the nature of the poet’s large oeuvre (comprising twenty collections of poetry, containing around 1,600 poems between 1964 and 2014), as they represent each stage of development in Breyten Breytenbach’s oeuvre.
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Balanescu, Mihai S. "Metamorphoses and ritualism in Harlem Renaissance poetry." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368177.
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Bokoda, Alfred Telelé. "The poetry of David Livingstone Phakamile Yali-Manisi." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17400.
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Bibliography: pages 217-232.Yali-Manisi, a Xhosa writer, performs and writes traditional praise poetry (izibongo) and modern poems (isihobe) and can, therefore, be regarded as a bard because he also performs his poetry. One can safely place him in the interphase as he combines performance and writing. The influence of oral poems and other oral genres can be perceived in his works as some of his works are a product of performances which were recorded, transcribed and translated into English. The dissertation, among other things, examines the way in which Yali-Manisi's work has been influenced by such manipulations. In this study we examine lzibongo Zeenkosi ZamaXhosa, lmfazwe kaMianjeni, Yaphum'igqina and other individually recorded poems. His poetry is characterised by an interaction between tradition and innovation. The impact of traditional poetic canon on the poet, the way of exploiting traditional devices are the most outstanding characteristics concerning his poetry. His optimistic disposition towards the future of the South African political situation leaves one with the impression that he envisages an end to the Black-White political dichotomy. Yali-Manisi manipulates literary forms to articulate specific socio-political and cultural attitudes which are dominant among the majority of South Africans. His writings coincide with some of the major political changes in South Africa. In his recent works, he is explicit and protests against Apartheid structures especially in Transkei and Ciskei. In his earlier works he could not articulate the feelings of his people as an imbongi because of the fear of censorship and themes of protests had to be handled with extreme caution if one's manuscripts were to be published at all. He often alludes to national oppression of the majority by the minority and instigates the former to be politically conscious. In some instances (e.g. in his historical poems) he seeks to correct inaccuracies which are presented in history books. Thus showing the listener/reader another side of the coin. He displays very keen interest and deep knowledge of natural phenomena such as seasons of the year and the behaviour of animals during each period. Poems about historical figures are characterised by certain allusions which refer to realities and events in the life of the 'praised one' or his forefathers. This helps to shed light on the present situation. Although fictitious adaptations of genuine events have been done, an element of reality is still prevalent.
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Bell, Monita Kaye Wyss Hilary E. "Getting hair "fixed" Black Power, transvaluation, and hair politics /." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/English/Thesis/Bell_Monita_45.pdf.
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Hacksley, Helen Elizabeth. "An edition of a selection of poems by John Randal Bradburne." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008069.
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This thesis examines the life and work of John Randal Bradburne (1921-1979), poet, mystic, musician, cenobite, sometime soldier, pilgrim and wanderer. His religious experiences, particularly, gave rise to a vast corpus of verse, virtually all of it as yet unpublished. This study provides a brief overview of his life, and a critical and textual introduction to a sample selection of poems entitled Bradburne 's Assays. The biography has been compiled from published and unpublished sources, as well as from personal interviews and correspondence with Bradburne's friends, relatives and associates in South Africa, Zimbabwe and the United Kingdom. Chief among these are two unpublished biographies by Judith, Countess of List owe I. Bradburne's extant corpus consists of over five thousand titled pieces of verse, ranging from brieflyrics to verses hundreds of pages long. The forty-seven poems comprising Bradburne 's Assays, published here for the first time, were selected and arranged by Bradburne himself in a single sequence. A unique collection in his corpus, they are unified by their common sonnet form and their contemplative approach to secular and religious experiences. An accurate reading text of this set of poems, transcribed from Bradburne's typescripts, currently held at Holyhead in Wales, is provided. These typescripts have been electronically scanned and are presented in the Appendix. Editorial intrusion, which has been kept to a minimum, is recorded in the critical apparatus beneath the text of the poems. Since all the poems in this ed ition are presented here for the first time, each is accompanied by detailed commentary on their form and content. Where necessary, interpretations of obscure passages have been suggested. A general index to the Introduction and Commentary is supplied, along with indexes of first lines and titles of the poems. It is hoped that this thesis will stimulate further study of the life and work of a unique and intriguing figure.
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Brady, Robert J. "O where, o where is the ending? : an examination of black protest poets and poetry, with particular reference to the Black African Diaspora and Aboriginal Australia /." Title page and Contents only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arb8125.pdf.
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Miller-Haughton, Rachel. "Re-Calling the Past: Poetry as Preservation of Black Female Histories." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1005.
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This paper discusses the poetry of Audre Lorde and Natasha Trethewey, and the ways in which they bring to attention the often-silenced histories of African American females. Through close readings of Lorde’s poems “Call” and “Coal,” and Trethewey’s “Three Photographs,” these histories are brought to the present with the framework of the words “call” and “re-call.” The paper explores the ways in which Lorde creates a new mythology for understanding her identity as “black, lesbian, mother, warrior, poet” in her innovative, intersectional feminist poetry. This is used as the framework for understanding modern poets like Trethewey, whose identity as a biracial black woman from the American South colors her lyric, more formal work. Lorde uses the vocal, oral tradition of calling as Trethewey relies on visual, gaze-focused recall. Recall is memory and re-call means bringing the hidden past into the future. The paper concludes by saying that all black female writers may participate in their own ways of calling out the truth and remembering what should be forgotten.
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Stevens, Mariss Patricia. ""Symbiosis or death" an ecocritical examination of Douglas Livingstone's poetry." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002254.
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As the quotation in the title of this thesis indicates, Douglas Livingstone states that unless humankind can learn to live in mutuality with the rest of the natural world, the human race faces extinction. Using the relatively new critical approach of ecological literary criticism (ecocriticism) this thesis explores Livingstone's preoccupation with "symbiosis or death" and shows that the predominant theme in his ecologically-orientated poetry is one of ecological despair. Countering this is a tentative thread of hope. Possible resolution lies in the human capacity to attain compassion and wisdom through the judicious use of science, creativity, the power of art and the power of love. Livingstone's ecological preoccupation is thus informed by the universal themes which have pervaded literature since its recorded beginnings. The first chapter examines the concepts of ecology and literary ecocriticism, followed by a chapter on the life and work of Douglas Livingstone, and a review of the critical response to the five collections of poetry which predate A Littoral Zone, his final work. The remaining four chapters offer an analysis of his ecologically-orientated poetry, with the majority of the space given to an examination of A Littoral Zone. The following ecological themes are used in the analysis of the poems: evolutionary theory, humankind's relationship to nature, ecological equilibrium, and ecological destruction. The latter two themes are shown to represent Livingstone's view of the ideal and the real, or the opposites of hope and despair. The analysis interweaves an argument with the existing critical response to this collection. This thesis demonstrates that Livingstone's crucial message – the need for humankind to attain ecological sensibility or “the knowledge of right living” (Ellen Swallow) and so obviate its certain extinction – has largely been ignored in previous critical works.
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Ogunyemi, Christopher Babatunde. "Various voices in African poetry : analysis of poems of black Africa." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Litteraturvetenskap, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-2767.
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Weyer, Christine Louise. "Confession, embodiment and ethics in the poetry of Antjie Krog and Joan Metelerkamp." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80362.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis examines the work of two contemporary South African poets, Antjie Krog and Joan Metelerkamp. Through an analytical-discursive engagement with their work, it explores the relationship between confession and embodiment, drawing attention to the ethical potential located at the confluence of these theories and modes. The theory informing this thesis is drawn from three broad fields: that of feminism, embodiment studies and ethical philosophy. More specifically, foundational insights will come from the work of Simone de Beauvoir, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Emmanuel Levinas. While much of the theory used originates from Western Europe and North America, this will be mediated by sensitivity towards Krog and Metelerkamp’s South African location, as is fitting for a study focused on embodied confession and the ethical treatment of the other. The first chapter will establish Krog and Metelerkamp as confessional poets and explore the ethical implications of this designation. It will also explore the contextual grounds for the establishment for a confessional culture in both the United States of America of the 1950s that gave rise to the school of confessional poets, and in South Africa of the 1990s. The second chapter will use embodiment theory to discuss the relationship between poetry and the body in their work, and the ethics of this relationship. The remaining chapters concentrate on three forms of embodiment that frequently inhabit their poetry: the maternal body, the erotic body and the ageing body. Throughout the analyses of their poetic depictions of, and engagements with, these bodies, the ethical potential of these confessional engagements will be investigated. Through the argument presented in this thesis, Metelerkamp’s status as a minor South African poet will be re-evaluated, as will that of Krog’s undervalued English translations of her acclaimed Afrikaans poetry. The importance of confessional poetry and poetry of the body, often pejorative classifications, will also be asserted. Ultimately, through drawing the connections between confession, embodiment and ethics in poetry, this thesis will re-evaluate the way poetry is read, when it is read, and propose alternative reading strategies.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek die werk van twee kontemporêre Suid-Afrikaanse digters, Antjie Krog en Joan Metelerkamp. Analities-beredeneerde benadering tot hulle werk verken die verband tussen belydenis en beliggaming. Klem word gelê op die etiese implikasies waar hierdie teorieë en vorme bymekaarkom. Die teorie waarop hierdie tesis berus, word vanuit drie breë velde geput: feminisme, beliggamingsteorie en etiese filosofie. Daar word meer spesifiek op die fundamentele beskouings van Simone de Beauvoir, Maurice Merleau-Ponty en Emmanuel Levinas gesteun. Alhoewel die teorie grotendeels ontstaan het in Wes-Europa en Noord-Amerika, sal dit met begrip benader word ten opsigte van Krog en Metelerkamp se Suid-Afrikaanse agtergrond, wat meer gepas is vir studie wat fokus op beliggaamde belydenis en die etiese hantering van die ander. Die eerste hoofstuk vestig Krog en Metelerkamp as belydenisdigters en verken die etiese implikasies van hierdie benaming. Die kontekstuele beweegredes vir die vestiging van belydeniskultuur word ook ondersoek, in beide die Verenigde State van Amerika van die 1950s (wat geboorte geskenk het aan die era van belydenisdigters) en in Suid-Afrika van die 1990s. Die tweede hoofstuk rus op beliggamingsteorie om die verband tussen poësie en liggaam in hul werk te bespreek, asook die etiese implikasies binne hierdie verband. Die oorblywende hoofstukke fokus op drie vorme van die liggaam wat dikwels in hulle digkuns neerslag vind: die moederlike lyf, die erotiese lyf en die verouderende lyf. Die etiese implikasies van hierdie belydende betrokkenheid word deurgaans in ag geneem in die analise van hulle digterlike uitbeelding van en omgang tot hierdie liggame. Die argument in hierdie tesis herevalueer Metelerkamp se status as meer geringe Suid-Afrikaanse digter asook Krog se onderskatte Engelse vertalings van haar bekroonde Afrikaanse gedigte. Die waarde van belydenispoësie en gedigte oor die liggaam, dikwels pejoratiewe klassifikasies, sal ook verdedig word. Deur belydenis, beliggaming en etiek in digkuns met mekaar te verbind, herevalueer hierdie tesis uiteindelik die manier waarop gedigte gelees word, wanneer dit gelees word, en stel alternatiewe leesstrategieë voor.
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Dye, Angel. "JOOK: RENT PARTY POEMS." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/english_etds/93.
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Jook is a spirited collection of historical persona poems situated in the vibrant rent party scene of 1920s Harlem. The Harlem Renaissance of New York was a decade of black innovation, artistry, and cultural expansion spanning 1920-1930. During this post-Emancipation, Great Migration era, black families leaving the South moved north only to encounter new forms of oppression. They were fleeing the lynchings, racism, and segregation that they experienced back home. In Harlem, black families earned disproportionately lower wages and paid much higher rents for subpar housing conditions compared to white families. To supplement their low incomes and to make the rent for the month, tenants hosted house-rent parties, also called social whist parties, in their apartments. They offered southern food, jazz and blues music (often live), and bootlegged liquor. Party guests paid a modest cover fee of 25 or 30 cents to enjoy the amusements, thus helping the hosts to pay their rent. The resistance work of this black joy in the face of economic, environmental, and social racism fascinates me and led me to research and uplift these narratives via persona poetry.
The central figure in these poems is a 20-year-old Georgia migrant named Mae Lynne King. Mae has moved north with her older sister Maddy. The daughters of a southern preacher and a seamstress, the women find their footing in New York in very different ways. Mae works as a domestic and takes in laundry and sewing on the side while 24-year-old Maddy Jane becomes a streetwalker. The two young women live together and quickly become immersed in the rent party phenomenon while working to build a life away from the strict religious upbringing they knew back home. Mae and Maddy struggle against racism, sexism, and poverty discovering their roles as lovers, friends, and members of a new black Harlem. Mae’s journey through Harlem is one of revelation and awakening, and Maddy’s is one of self-actualization, autonomy, reclamation. Both women embody the womanist attitudes and practices, blackness, and sexual fluidity that are central to my work overall and that were highly visible during the Renaissance.
While swaths of literature celebrate the art, music, and culture of the Harlem Renaissance, no contemporary collections of poetry contend with the oppression that African American people who migrated from the racially segregated South to Harlem faced. Jook is an offering of history, memory, language, and research to bridge that gap. This collection draws from Langston Hughes’ poetry and autobiography The Big Sea, Zora Neale Hurston’s novels and dramas, all of Harlem’s “negro literati,” jazz and swing music, photography, and archival materials from The Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture and Yale University. Jook traverses free verse and formal boundaries while championing persona and a unique Harlemese vernacular in order to celebrate the fierce subversion that African Americans in 1920s Harlem engaged in via their rent party gatherings.
I enter these poems with music and memory at the fore of my creative process and craft employments. I call on forms such as Ruth Ellen Kocher’s Gigan, the jazz sonnet, contrapuntal, and the ghazal to illustrate the simultaneous artistry and travailing that defined the Renaissance for African American people. I also borrow from the narrative elements of fiction to explore a specific arc within the lives of a cadre of imagined personas. The aim of this project is to recover and celebrate the unexplored stories of rent parties and to acknowledge the suffering and striving that these gatherings were born out of.
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Jadezweni, Mhlobo Wabantwana. "Aspects of isiXhosa poetry with special reference to poems produced about women." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006364.
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This study investigates the use of modern and izibongo (praise poetry) techniques in representing women in selected isiXhosa poems. The main interest of the study is to determine whether the same techniques to depict men are used when writing about women. It is also the interest of the study to ascertain how gender issues are dealt with in the selected poems. Seminal studies on izibongo by eminent scholars in this field show a serious lack of critique and little recognition of women in African languages’ poetry in general and in isiXhosa in particular. Pioneering studies in Nguni poetry about women have thus recommended that serious studies on poetry about women be undertaken. The analyses of selected poems by established isiXhosa poets show that modern poetry conventions are significantly used together with izibongo techniques. These techniques are used without any gender differentiation, which is another point of interest of this study. There are however instances where images specific to women are used. Such use has however not been found to be demeaning of women in any way. Poems where modern poetry forms and conventions are used tend to deal with subjects who have international or an urban area background. Even though the modern poetry conventions are used with izibongo techniques the presence of the modern literary conventions is prominent. This is the case particularly with poems about women in politics. That some female poet seems to accept some cultural practices that are viewed to be undermining the status of women does not take away the voice of protest against this oppression by some of the selected poets. These two voices, one of acceptance and the other one of protest are used as a basis for a debate around a need for a literary theory that addresses the question of African culture with special reference to isiXhosa poetry about women. The success of the selected poets with both modern and izibongo techniques is a good sign for the development of isiXhosa poetry in general and isiXhosa poetry about women. It is strongly recommended that continued research of a serious nature concerning poetry about, and produced by women, be undertaken.
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Everton, A. C. "Assessment of fundamental strategic issues in structural change in United Kingdom and South African ports by systemic scenarios." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/4276.
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The future complexity of strategic issues in international structural change was
demonstrated by UK and SA ports. This arose from the likely extent of structural
constraints and the effects of stakeholder power.
From a review of emerging Advanced Systems Theory a new Boundary -spanning
perspective of strategy was developed, that led to the specification of conceptual
circumstances of potential outcomes of change. Since existing systems
methodologies could not accommodate future power relationships, a new
methodology and data collection technique was developed.
The circumstances were developed into multiple scenarios which were judged by
international decision-makers. These judgements were subjected to quantitative and
qualitative analysis from a Strategic Choice Perspective.
The outcome was a Boundary -spanning 'Long-term Strategic Service Industry'
model which proposed the outlines of the future strategy and organisational structure
that ought to be adopted to meet 'public interest' constraints.
A dual subject and methodological contribution was made.
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Segooa, Maite Stella. "The role of Chiefs as characters in Matsepe's novels : An appraisal." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2073.
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Thesis (M.A. (African languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2004.In this research an attempt has been made to assess, evaluate and examine the role of chiefs as characters in Matsepe's novels. The need for this study was found to be necessary because no in-depth study of the role of chiefs in Matsepe's novels has as yet been undertaken. This study demonstrates how Matsepe portrays chiefs as characters in his novels, what their duties are and how they help in developing his themes.
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Wright, L. S. "'Iron on iron': Modernism engaging apartheid in some South African Railway Poems." Routledge, 2011. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/2208/1/Iron_on_Iron_for_ESiA.pdf.
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Modernism tends to be criticised, internationally, as politically conservative. The objection is often valid, although the charge says little about the quality of artistic achievement involved. This article argues that the alliance between Modernism and political conservatism is by no means a necessary one, and that there are instances where modernist vision has been used to convey substantive political insight, effective social critique and solid resistance. To illustrate the contrast,the article juxtaposes the abstract Modernism associated with Ben Nicholson and World War 2, with a neglected strain of South African railway poetry which uses modernist techniques to effect a powerful critique of South Africa’s apartheid
dispensation. The article sustains a distinction between universalising modernist art that requires ethical work from its audiences to achieve artistic completion, and art in which modernist vision performs the requisite ethical work within its own formal constraints. Four very different South African railway poems, by Dennis Brutus, John Hendrickse, Alan Paton, and Leonard Koza, are examined
and contextualised to demonstrate ways in which a modernist vision has been used to portray the social disruptions caused by apartheid. Modernist techniques are used to turn railway experience into a metonym for massive social disruption,without betraying the social reality of the transport technology involved.
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Birch, Alannah. "A study of Roy Campbell as a South African modernist poet." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4823.
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>Doctor Literarum - DLitRoy Campbell was once a key figure in the South African literary canon. In recent years, his poetry has faded from view and only intermittent studies of his work have appeared. However, as the canon of South African literature is redefined, I argue it is fruitful to consider Campbell and his work in a different light. This thesis aims to re-read both the legend of the literary personality of Roy Campbell, and his prose and poetry written during the period of “high” modernism in England (the 1920s and 1930s), more closely in relation to modernist concerns about language, meaning, selfhood and community. It argues that his notorious, purportedly colonial, “hypermasculine” personae, and his poetic and personal explorations of “selfhood”, offer him a point of reference in a rapidly changing literary and social environment. Campbell lived between South Africa and England, and later Provence and Spain, and this displacement resonated with the modernist theme of “exile” as a necessary condition for the artist. I will suggest that, like the Oxford dandies whom he befriended, Campbell’s masculinist self-styling was a reaction against a particular set of patriarchal traditions, both English and colonial South African, to which he was the putative heir. His poetry reflects his interest in the theme of the “outsider” as belonging to a certain masculinist literary “tradition”. But he also transforms this theme in accordance with a “modernist” sensibility.
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Kozain, Rustum. "Contemporary english oral poetry by black poets in Great Britain and South Africa : a comparison between Linton Kwesi Johnson and Mzwakhe Mbuli." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20139.
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Bibliography: pages 242-266.The general aims of this dissertation are: to study a form of literature traditionally disregarded by a text-bound academy; to argue that form is an important element in ideological analyses of the poetry under discussion; and, on the basis of this second aim, to argue for a comparative, rigorously critical approach to the poetry of Mzwakhe Mbuli. Previous evaluations of Mbuli's poetry are characterised by acclaim which, the author contends, is only possible because of under-researched criticism, representing a general trend in South African literary culture. Compared to Linton Kwesi Johnson's work, for instance, Mbuli's poetry does not emerge as the innovative and progressive art - in both content and form - it is claimed to be. Mbuli and his critics are thus read as a case study of a general trend. Johnson and Mbuli mainly perform their poetry with musical accompaniment and distribute it as sound-recording. This study's approach then differs from the approaches of general oral literature studies because influential writers on oral literature - specifically Walter J. Ong, Ruth Finnegan and Paul Zumthor - do not address the genre under investigation here. Nevertheless, their writings are explored in order to show why particularly Ong and Finnegan's approaches are inadequate. The author argues that using the orality of the poetry as an organising, theoretical principle is insufficient for the task at hand. On cue from Zumthor, this study suggests an approach through Cultural Studies and conceives of the subject matter as popular culture.
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Tiba, Makhosini Michael. "Indigenous African concept of a leader as reflected in selected African novels." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/980.
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Thesis (M.A. (English Studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2012The mini dissertation seeks to explore the positive and negative qualities of an indigenous African leader as presented in a variety of oral texts including folktales, proverbs and praise poems as well as in the African novels of Mhudi, Maru, Things Fall Apart and Petals of Blood in order to deduce an indigenous African concept of a leader. This research is motivated by the fact that although researchers and academics worldwide acknowledge that it is very difficult to objectively define and discuss the terms ‘leader’ and ‘indigenous leader’ yet many tend to dismiss offhand such indigenous concepts of leadership as ubuntu as primitive, barbaric and irrelevant to modern institutions without examining them in detail.
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Lamy-Giner, Marie-Annick. "Les sept ports de commerce sud-africains, de Richards Bay à Saldanha Bay." La Réunion, 2003. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/03_05_Lamy.pdf.
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Avec ses deux bouées de mouillage nichées dans une baie ouverte et réservées au chargement du carburant ou des alcools anhydres, le port de Mossel Bay est la plus petite installation portuaire sud-africaine. En comparaison, Cape Town et Durban s'articulent autour d'une multitude de terminaux, tantôt spécialisés dans le charbon, les fruits ou encore les conteneurs. Ici, les linéaires formés par les quais s'étalent à l'infini. Ainsi, les ports sud-africains offrent des paysages mais également des fonctions variées. L'Afrique du Sud accueille au long de ses rivages atlantique et indien sept ports de commerce. D'est en ouest, il s'agit de Richards Bay et de Durban dans la province du KwaZulu-Natal, Port Elizabeth ainsi que East London prennent place au Cap de l'Est, enfin Mossel Bay, Cape Town et Saldanha Bay sont implantés au Cap de l'Ouest. Ensemble, ils réalisent un trafic annuel de plus de 190 millions de tonnes. Cette facade maritime qui associe des ports vraquiers à des ports plurifonctionnels, connaît, depuis le retour du pays dans le concert des nations, une réelle envolée. Mais aujourd'hui, cette façade semble freinée dans son élan par des problèmes urgents et chroniques de sous-productivité. Pour pouvoir asseoir son rôle de puissance maritime émergente, l'Afrique du Sud se doit de réformer en profondeur son système portuaire, sa réussite en dépendWith its two moorage buoys nestled in an open bay and reserved for fuel and anhydrous alcohol loading, the port of Mossel Bay is the smallest South African port setup. Compared to it, Cape Town and Durban hinge on a multitude of terminals now specialized in coal, fruits or even containers. Here, the linears formed by the quays spread away endlessly into the distance. Hence, South African ports feature sceneries as well as varied functions. South Africa accomodates seven commercial ports along her atlantic and Indian Ocean shores. Extending from east to west, they are Richards Bays Durban in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, Port Elizabeth as well as East London establish themselves at Eastern Cape, finally Mossel Bay, Cape Town and Saldanha Bay are set up at Western Cape. They altogether achieve an annual trade impulse of more than 190 million tons. This shoreline, which combines bulk ports with multi-purpose ones, is experiencing a real meteoric rise since the country's return into the entente between nations. But today this seaside seems to be losing its momentum by urgent and chronic problems of under-productivity. To be able to fix her role as an emerging maritime power, South Africa must correct her port system radically, a factor on which her success is answerable
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Frankel, Hazel. "David Fram : Lithuanian Yiddish Poet of the South African Diaspora and Illuminating Love." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2013. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/4914/.
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This thesis investigates the Yiddish poems of the South African Lithuanian immigrant David Fram. It locates Fram’s poetry and aesthetics in the context of Yiddish poetry in general and Lithuanian-South African Yiddish literature in particular. In doing this it identifies and investigates Fram’s main poetic themes, Diaspora, the memory of home and the condition of exile; landscape and people, nature and creator; his response to the Holocaust suggesting poetry is a legitimate means of expressing trauma. The thesis also deliberates on the potential relevance of taking Fram’s biography and personal experiences into consideration when interpreting his poetry. It reflects on the approach to and process of writing both this thesis and the novel Illuminating Love, considering how thesis and novel relate to each other and to Fram’s poetry, as well as to the notion of postmemory. Indicating the antecedents of Illuminating Love, the thesis discusses aspects of realism and postmodernism, genre and mixed genre, as well as development of voice, point of view and character in my novel. In conclusion, suggestions are made for future projects that might be undertaken to revitalise the vibrant language of Yiddish and memorialise its community. The appendix contains translations (following transliteration) of Fram’s poems. The creative component of the thesis is the novel Illuminating Love. Its narrative entwines the journeys of two Jewish women, Judith, forced to leave her home in Lithuania, Eastern Europe before World War II, and Cally her granddaughter living in contemporary South Africa. Transcribing Judith’s poems in calligraphy, Cally uncovers her family’s history and roots. The content of the love sampler she inscribes for her husband Jake, and the illuminating of a ketuba (the Jewish marriage contract) serve to counterpoint her personal circumstances. Behind the gilding lies the reality of domestic violence, Judith’s escape from the genocide and Jake’s experiences in the bush during the South African Border War.
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Kaschula, Russell H. "The transitional role of the Xhosa oral poet in contemporary South African society." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002085.
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This thesis outlines the changing role of the Xhosa imbongi in contemporary South African society. The changing socio-economic and political scenario in South Africa, and the way in which the imbongi is adapting in order to accommodate new pressures created by these changes, form an integral part of this thesis. The effects of education and increasing literacy on the tradition are outlined. The interaction between oral and written forms is explored in chapter 2. The role of the imbongi within the religious sphere is included in chapter 3. Xhosa preachers within the independent churches often make use of the styles and techniques associated with oral poetry. Iimbongi who are not necessarily preachers also operate within this context. The relationship between the Congress of South African Trade Unions, the African National Congress and iimbongi has also been researched and forms part of chapters 4, 5, and the epilogue. The modern imbongi is drawn towards powerful organisations offering alternative leadership to many of the traditional chiefs. In the epilogue collected poetry is analysed in the context of Mandela's visit to Transkei in April 1990. Interviews have been conducted with chiefs, iimbongi attached to chiefs as well as those attached to different organisations. Poetry has been collected and analysed. In chapter 5, three case studies of modern iimbongi are included. The problems facing these iimbongi in their different contexts, as well as the power bases from which they draw, are outlined. Finally, an alternative definition of the imbongi is offered in the conclusion
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Misra, Trishna. "Addressing the innovation lag of port congestion in Durban, South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/81682.
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One of the key indicators of port performance lies in port’s efficiency in minimising port congestion. However, the port of Durban like many other ports in Africa and the world is faced with a congestion challenge. This study aimed to identify the causes of congestion and proffer a solution to alleviate congestion. By understanding the causes of congestion, adopting incremental solutions can achieve the desired outcome. A qualitative, exploratory research study was conducted with 14 participants from the maritime sector that have experienced port congestion. Data analysis was done through thematic analysis where all data collected was transcribed and the researcher observed and articulated emerging themes to attach meaning to the respondents’ interpretations and perceptions of their own lived reality on what causes port congestion in Durban and possible solutions thereof. The key findings confirmed that Wind, Labour issues and Equipment are the main causes of congestion in the Port of Durban. Further research to determine the impact of climate change on congestion is needed. The incremental and radical solutions proffered by the participants was compared to the causes of congestion. This study contributes to the field of maritime studies, by understanding the causes of congestion in the Port and the field of innovation studies by contributing to innovative theory.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2021.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Mpuma, Nondwe. "Around a Fire: Poems of Memory and Ritual." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7436.
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Magister Artium - MAThis Creative Writing mini-thesis offers a deep meditation on what it means to speak to ritual and memory. The thesis is compiled from a collection of original creative work as well as a short reflective essay that present a critical analysis of the creative pieces in relation to the ideas I present. The first of these ideas being, memory as an encapsulation of the past, present and future as explored by writers such as W.G. Sebald and Toni Morrison. This collection examines an understanding of memory and ritual as being uncontained, as constant providers of stimulation for a range of literary responses. Ritual will be regarded primarily in the South African context where there is the intersection of the urban and rural landscapes both physically and metaphorically. In this regard I am thinking alongside writers such as Louise Glúck and Vangile Gantsho. The understanding of ritual is extended to the realm of spirituality where Christianity and African spirituality exist both harmoniously and in conflict. In short, the collection of poems and the reflective essay will explore the ways that memory and ritual interact in time and they will collectively contribute to the production of literature in South Africa.
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Cronje, Erené. "Trade and transport costs : the role of dry ports in South Africa / E. Cronje." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3630.
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The movement of passengers, goods, and information has always been fundamental components of human societies. It is all related to transport costs as well as to the attributes of what is being transported. However, regulations, laws, and tariffs can influence transportability. Countries around the world have been changing their international trade policies by reducing both tariff and non-tariff barriers. Informal barriers hinder trade and the benefits of export, such as economic growth, that come with the achievement of trade liberalisation. It was found that the impact of transport costs on trade patterns has become an important study. Theoretical and empirical work in international trade only recently began considering the geography of exports as a possible explanation for high transport costs. For instance, factors such as distance, market size, scale economies, and agglomeration affect transportation costs around the world.
Transport costs in South Africa are a relevant issue due to its geographical position. South Africa is situated far from its major trading partners. In addition, the majority of South African exports originate in Gauteng, which is around 600km from the nearest seaport. For South African exports to remain competitive, domestic transport costs must be reduced. One method of cutting costs is by connecting a container dry port with an intermodal transport system to the major seaports (namely Durban, Port Elizabeth, and Cape Town).
The empirical study was conducted in the form an interview-based questionnaire. A total of 18 questions were asked to individuals at a terminal in Gauteng. The purpose of the questionnaire was to gather information on the service delivery of South African inland terminals. This led to the conclusion that City Deep functions well in terms of service delivery and provides extra services to both exporters and importers. Potential problems regarding City Deep's infrastructure were identified. It was found that train and truck congestion within City Deep is an everyday phenomenon. The existing infrastructure cannot handle the train and truck traffic entering City Deep. It was found that clients prefer road transportation to rail transportation, therefore, the amount of trucks entering and leaving City Deep causes congestion. This not only affects the infrastructure at City Deep, but also that of South Africa. More trucks on the roads exacerbate air pollution and road accidents, and overloaded trucks damage South African roads.Thesis (M.Com. (Economics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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Du, Preez Ian Justus. "Determining the use of human capital to achieve a competitive advantage in the National Ports Authority of South Africa." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/50.
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A new business world is emerging, which every organisation must appreciate and know how to exploit. The concepts of strategy do not need to be rewritten, but must be adapted to this new era. Utilisation of the Internet and human capital to its fullest is transforming the way that business is conducted in achieving its objectives. The key to an organisation’s competitive advantage, is to invest in training, skills enhancement and the personal development of its staff. A requirement of the National Ports Authority is to be committed to basic adult education and preparing employees for re-skilling from the shop floor to the boardroom to ensure it is seen as an equal opportunity employer. The research problem addressed in this study was to determine the factors necessary to achieve strategic advantage using human capital. Relevant literature was used to develop a new model to address some of the issues facing the organisation, as well as ensuring that the National Ports Authority can leverage itself into a competitive advantage. To manage and measure knowledge-based resources is one of the most important challenges for a modern company. This challenge is incorporated in the new model developed by the study. The theoretical model consisted of various factors, which were analysed and formed into principles which were identifiable from the literature study. This model was then used to compile a questionnaire to test the responsiveness of the role players concurring. The empirical results analysed indicated that the respondents concurred with the theoretical study and factors of the new model that was developed.
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Madoungou, Ndjeunda Guy Merlo. "Contribution à l'étude de la sécurité et de la sûreté portuaire dans les pays de la cote ouest africaine." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT3007.
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Le processus de sécurité et de sûreté portuaire dans les pays de la Côte Ouest Africaine est encore à ses balbutiements. Car, les règles de transport maritime international impulsées par l’OMI ne sont pas appliquées dans cette région avec rigueur et fermeté. Les plans d’eau des complexes portuaires de cette région qui sont déjà fragilisés par des aides à la navigation vétustes, sont régulièrement écumés par les embarcations des pêcheurs, les navires épaves et subissent de façon récurrente la pollution et les actes de piraterie. Les accès terrestres des ports publics de la COA sont perméables par conséquent, ils souffrent du phénomène d’encombrement, de l’intrusion des substances illicites et du vol. Les réseaux de communication de ces ports sont délabrés. Ils souffrent également d’une insuffisance de moyens humains et matériels. La catastrophe du Joola intervenue le 26 septembre 2002 au large de la Gambie et le déversement sauvage des déchets toxiques au port autonome d’Abidjan le 26 août 2006 sont des illustrations parfaites parmi tant d’autres du laxisme qui existe dans la mise œuvre des règles du transport maritime international dans la présente région. Conscient de l’importance du port dans le processus du développement économique, les gouvernements des pays de la Côte Atlantique Africaine font tout de même des efforts pour appliquer les règles de sécurité et de sûreté imposées par l’OMI, pour éviter que leurs complexes portuaires qui participent à la chaîne du transport maritime international ne soient mis en marge. En revanche, ces efforts sont insuffisants, car les complexes portuaires de cette région présentent encore beaucoup de manquements, qui ne garantissent pas leur sécurité et leur sûreté. Contrairement aux intérêts privés (la sécurité et la sûreté des plates formes pétrolières du Golfe de Guinée et des terminaux privés) dont l’action est en général efficace. Ainsi, les Gouvernements des pays de la Côte Ouest Africaine doivent s’impliquer davantage dans l’application des règles de sécurité et de sûreté portuaire exigées par l’OMI, en mettant à la disposition des agents préalablement formés les outils de travail spécialisés, dans la mesure où cela fait partie du devoir régalien de chaque Etat contractant. Cependant, il serait judicieux que les pays développés et les bailleurs de fonds tels que le FMI, la BM viennent en aide à ces pays pour la mise en application des règles du transport maritime international. Car, le processus de sécurité et de sûreté portuaire nécessite d’énormes capitaux dont les pays en voie de développement ne disposent pas très souvent.
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Mbunge, Sindiswa Marcia. "A critical analysis of organizational communication in South African Port Operations, Port Elizabeth Division." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/562.
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The study is set out to analyze organizational communication at South African Port Operations (SAPO), Port Elizabeth. The analysis was based on the four formal flows of communication in an organization, which are upward communication, downward communication, horizontal communication and diagonal communication. The study was also meant to provide suggestions on how to improve communication at SAPO, Port Elizabeth especially with regard to the above mentioned flows. The literature review looked at the four different flows of communication which occurs in the organization. From the review, one can conclude that in order for an organization to function properly communication is needed to co-ordinate all the activities towards an organization’s goals. The empirical research was carried out using mainly qualitative methods of data collection. Focus group interviews were used as a method of gathering information. The sample was drawn from employees who are working for SAPO, the sample was drawn from various levels of authority within the company. The findings have revealed that there are various flows of communication at SAPO, but there needs to be improvement particularly with upward, horizontal and diagonal communication. The research also revealed that downward communication has more formal channels.
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Vezile, Cikizwa Aretha. "Performance management at transnet national ports authority Port Elizabeth: the role of human resources." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1105.
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At Transnet National Ports Authority (TNPA), disagreement existed in terms of the role of human resources in performance management, which resulted in different role expectations and perceptions, often leading to conflict. An overview of existing literature reviewed that performance management was mostly presented from the view of line management, and that the role of human resources was not well defined. The purpose of this study was therefore to clarify the role of human resources in performance management, and with specific application at Transnet National Ports Authority. The purpose of performance management in Transnet is to influence each employee to perform optimally in his/her position by ensuring that each employee understands his/her role in the performance management process. A very important aspect of performance management is that it does not entail one activity only; it is part of the employee development life cycle in which the employee agrees with the manager on the expected performance of tasks, evaluation standards, tools required and important dates when performance will be formally discussed. The objectives of the study were achieved by means of a literature review. Following the literature review interviews were conducted with the Group Performance Manager, a line manager and a human resources practitioner at TNPA to get their views of performance management at TNPA and specifically of the role of human resources in performance management. The interviews, in addition to the literature study, also served as a basis for a survey questionnaire, which was used to probe the views of line iv management and human resources practitioners at TNPA on the role of human resources in performance management. The results of the interviews and the survey showed that performance management was not applied as a continuous and developmental process at TNPA, and that it was often perceived as punitive. The results also indicated that human resources at TNPA should be well versed in the use of the score card method and apply quality assurance in performance management. Recommendations were made for the role of line management and the role of human resources in performance management at TNPA, as well as for the relationship between the two parties.
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Godfrey, Keith Paul. "Pots of gold? : the representation of identity in contemporary South African art at the end of the 'rainbow' nation." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2005. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29333/.
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South Africa faced a major challenge to produce an inclusive national identity from the ruins of common community that apartheid had left in its wake. Achieving a new national identity involved a massive project of nationalist reinvention, the 'rainbow' nation. Existence of a national consciousness was limited to the imagined anti-apartheid state 'reverse' nation. South Africans, including artists, initially supported the dynamic process of the formation of the new inclusive state and national community. However, disenchantment with the 'rainbowist' vision has led South Africans to recongregate around apartheid constituencies and tensions between competing nationalisms. Johannesburg and Cape Town act as catalyzers in the development of a post-apartheid society. Art produced there, and its (re-)presentation, provides an empirical base on which to analyze the negotiation of identities and the contested 'location of culture' in the societal architecture of the 'new' South Africa. Artists were a vital component in the construction of nationalism in the post-apartheid state. Tensions between the competing nationalist visions of how South Africa should culturally represent itself, both domestically and abroad, manifested themselves in the major exhibitions held since 1994. Internally, tensions between nationalisms clearly manifested themselves in the Johannesburg biennales. Outside the country, exhibitions played on the euphoria of transformation to propose a cultural unity that was illusory, but that fulfilled audience expectations and supported a national 'rainbowist' branding. Representation of the post-apartheid nation has divided artists between those identifying with the project to promote a South African nationalism and those preferring to be considered solely on the basis on their own artistic output. The framing of artistic debates in identity terms has led to an exodus of some artists to Europe. Other artists have remained to engage with the quest to achieve a post-apartheid national identity.
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Saavedra, Casco JoseÌ Arturo. "Swahili poetry as a historical source : utenzi, war poems and the German conquest of East Africa, 1888-1910." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289839.
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Meyer, Conrad. "Analysing containerised volumes to establish when there will be a need for additional hub ports in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/889.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Transnet, the entity responsible for port infrastructure and the operating thereof, are faced with the difficult task of ensuring that the port system in South Africa is always ready to cater to all import and export requirements of the country. A major portion of these volumes will enter and leave the country in the form of containerised cargo, which effectively unitises the cargo for easier handling. What makes the task for Transnet that much more difficult, is that volumes are not easily forecasted and when one takes into account that ports need to be looking at least ten years down the line to ensure infrastructure can be put in place in time, it makes the problem that much more difficult. International studies show that trade between India, Europe and South America are growing, which provides South Africa with the opportunity to become a hub port based on the countries central location between these three areas. Currently Durban and the recently opened port of Ngqura are and will be serving as hub ports to cater for these and other volumes, but it is not certain under what conditions there would be a need for an additional hub port, if at all. Through the course of this research report three scenarios of growth are examined in an effort to answer this question.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Transnet, die entiteit verantwoordelik vir hawe-infrastruktuur en die werking daarvan, is met die moeilike taak geplaas om te verseker dat die hawe-stelsel in Suid-Afrika altyd gereed is vir al die invoer en uitvoer vereistes van die land. 'n Groot gedeelte van hierdie vereistes sal die land betree en verlaat in die vorm van houers, wat goedere unitiseer vir makliker hantering. Wat die taak vir Transnet soveel moeiliker maak, is dat die volumes nie maklik geskat kan word nie, en wanneer Transnet ten minste tien jaar in die toekoms moet skat om seker te maak dat die infrastruktuur in plek kan gestel word in tyd, maak dit die probleem soveel moeiliker. Internasionale navorsing dui dat die handel tussen Indië, Europa en Suid-Amerika groei, wat vir Suid-Afrika die geleentheid skep om 'n ‘hub port’ to word wat gebaseer is op die land se sentrale ligging tussen hierdie drie lande. Op die oomblik sal Durban en die onlangs geopende hawe van Ngqura, as ‘hub ports’ funksioneer om voorsiening te maak vir hierdie en ander volumes, maar dit is nie seker onder watter omstandighede sou daar 'n behoefte vir 'n ekstra-hub port wees nie. Deur die loop van hierdie navorsing word verslag gelewer van die drie scenario's, en word hierdie vraag ondersoek in 'n poging om hierdie vraag te beantwoord.
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Saavedra, Casco José Arturo. "Swahili poetry as a historical source utenzi, war poems, and the german conquest of East Africa, 1888-1910 /." Online version, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.289839.
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Hagemann, Michael Eric. "Shadows, faces and echoes of an African war: The Rhodesian bush war through the eyes of Chas Lotter – soldier poet." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5474.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDPoetry that is rooted in that most extreme of human experiences, war, continues to grip the public imagination. When the poetry under scrutiny comes from the "losing side" in a colonial war of liberation, important moral and ethical questions arise. In this thesis, I examine the published and unpublished works of Chas Lotter, a soldier who fought in the Rhodesian Army during the Zimbabwean liberation war (1965- 1980). In investigating Lotter's artistic record of this war, I propose that a powerful, socially embedded Rhodesian national mythology was a catalyst for acceptance of, and participation in, the Rhodesian regime's ideological and military aims. A variety of postcolonial theoretical approaches will be used to explore the range of thematic concerns that emerge and to unpack the dilemmas experienced by a soldier-poet who took part in that conflict. Trauma theory, too, will be drawn upon to critically respond to the personal impact that participation in organized violence has upon combatants and non-combatants alike. The production and marketing of this cultural record will also be examined and in the conclusion, I speculate on the changes modern technology and evolving social mores may have on future developments in war literature. Finally, I conclude my case for installing the challenging work of this often conflicted and contradictory soldier-poet as a necessary adjunct to the established canon of Zimbabwean Chimurenga writing.
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Nassr, Paula Terra. "Rui Knopfli um poeta à margem : entre o Tejo e o Zambeze." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/172901.
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Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo o sujeito híbrido pós-colonial e o discurso que são analisados na obra poética do escritor moçambicano Rui Knopfli, sob as perspectivas dos Estudos Culturais trazidas por Homi K. Bhabha, Stuart Hall e Edward Said. Também serviu de base para o estudo do discurso do conjunto poético knopfliano a Análise do Discurso Francesa representada, principalmente, pelos estudos de Michel Pêcheux e, para as análises poéticas, a Fenomenologia de Bachelard e os escritos de Octavio Paz sobre a linguagem poética. Foram analisadas as condições de produção e o contexto histórico em que a referida obra poética foi produzida. Período em que se inicia antes das guerras de libertação do jugo colonialista e que segue após a independência em 1975. O sujeito híbrido na obra de Knopfli apresenta um discurso que se divide entre a posição-sujeito africana e a posição-sujeito europeia, visto que está sob a influência desses contextos históricos e culturais. Não está em consonância política nem com o discurso colonialista português nem com o discurso nacionalista africano, por isso é um sujeito híbrido à deriva e que seguiu as malhas da diáspora. Seu discurso poético representa a inconstância de quem sofre por não ser aceito pelo fato de não se engajar de forma efetiva, em um período no qual se exigia um posicionamento ferrenho contra a política colonial. Seus versos falam sobre o silenciamento, sobre vozes ciciadas pela engrenagem de um período histórico marcado por guerras e injustiças.This research studies the postcolonial hybrid subject and the discourse that are analyzed in the poetic work of the mozambican writer Rui Knopfli, on the perspectives of the Cultural Studies by Homi K. Bhabha, Stuart Hall and Edward Said. The Analysis of the French Discourse, represented by the studies of Michel Pêcheu, it was also used as a basis for study the discourse of the poetic work of Knopfli, as well as The Phenomenology of Bachelard to the poetic the analysis and the writings of Octavio Paz on a poetic language. The conditions of production and the historical context in which poetic work was produced were analyzed. This period begins before the wars of liberation from the colonialism and goes after the independence in 1975. The hybrid subject in Knopfli's work shows a discourse that was divided between an African subject-position and a European subject-position, considering that it’s on the influence of historical and cultural contexts. It isn’t in political consonance with the Portuguese colonialist discourse or with the African nationalist discourse either, so it’s a hybrid subject adrift and that has followed the way of the diaspora. His poetic discourse represents the fickleness from who suffer for not being accepted by the fact of not being engage in an effectively way, in a period which was necessary a fierce position against a colonial politic. His verses talks about to be silenced, about voices whispering by the gear of a historic period marked by wars and injustices.
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Fumiko, Ohinata. "Archaeology of iron-using farming communities in Swaziland : pots, people and life during the first and second millennia AD." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391069.
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Lawer, Eric Tamatey Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] [Flitner, Michael [Gutachter] Flitner, and Winfried [Gutachter] Osthorst. "Transitioning towards sustainability : practices and outcomes in European and West African ports / Eric Tamatey Lawer ; Gutachter: Michael Flitner, Winfried Osthorst ; Betreuer: Michael Flitner." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1203298943/34.
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Rawlins, Isabel Bethan. "Counting planes." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001816.
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This collection of prose-poems and flash fiction, together with a few short stories, shows how romantic relationships colour our perspectives on the world. The collection has echoes throughout of speakers' voices, theme, imagery and tone. There is a narrative logic too, but working on a subtle level of echo and resonance
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Camara, Abdoul Karim Kabele. "Linking mining and infrastructure development in Sub-Saharan Africa : towards a collaborative framework for sustainable shared-use of rails and ports facilities for minerals and non-minerals activities." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2017. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/0ec3c8ae-6893-43d9-b45b-890f412fe819.
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This study aims to develop and establish an appropriately co-ordinated regime for infrastructure sharing facilities development and regulation in SSA that could be utilised by the various stakeholders involved in mining infrastructure related activities, as well as those not involved in mineral-related activities, to enable economic diversification and broad-based development within a country. The starting point of the study is the gap that exists within the mining legal framework of Sub-Saharan African countries regarding the development of large scale mining infrastructure related projects such as rails and ports infrastructure networks that require meticulous coordination and collaboration between the numerous stakeholders involved. Consequently, the thesis starts with an introductory chapter that introduces the subject area to be examined in the thesis and provides a rationale for why this topic has been chosen. It also outlines areas of concern within the research topic and sets out the research questions. Subsequently, it sets out the conceptual framework and the necessary analytical tools utilised to evaluate and analyse the concept of shared- use of rail and port infrastructure. Chapter 3 investigates mining infrastructure related projects in Australia, specifically those located in Western Australia, New South Wales and Queensland. Chapter 4 explores mining infrastructure related projects in SSA, specifically projects located in Guinea and provide recommendations to SSA countries in general and to the Government of Guinea in particular, on how best to develop shared-use mining infrastructure. Finally, Chapter 5 highlights the findings of the thesis based on the comparison between mining infrastructure development undertaken in Australia with that of the SSA region. The study finds that most countries on the continent suffer from governance gaps expressed in institutional dysfunction, as well as from structures that do not foster collaboration but, on the contrary, deficient environments for national strategies for infrastructure that works for development.
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Kankeu, Tchewonpi Hyacinthe. "Four essays on the economics of informal payments for health care in Africa." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2021.
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La «petite corruption» est un élément important de la relation entre personnels de santé et patients dans les contextes propices aux actes de corruption. Ce phénomène bien étudié en Europe centrale et orientale sous le nom de «paiements informels» (PIs), est peu documenté en Afrique. Pour contribuer à combler cette lacune, cette thèse propose une série d'analyses sur certains aspects clés de ce problème dans le contexte africain. Dans le chapitre 1, nous montrons que les PIs sont concentrés sur les plus pauvres. Ils sont plus susceptibles d’avoir fait face à l'absence de médicaments, à l'absentéisme des médecins et à des longs temps d'attente dans leur hôpital public local, ce qui accroît la probabilité d'encourir des frais non officiels. Une analyse plus approfondie de l'influence des facteurs d'offre dans le chapitre 2 confirme que les longs temps d'attente, la gestion du personnel de santé (par exemple, le recours à la délégation de tâches) et la perception des personnels vis-à-vis de leur revenu jouent un rôle crucial. Le chapitre 3 met en évidence l’existence d’effets de pairs dans la survenue des PIs lors de la consultation, l’effet étant plus important chez les plus pauvres. Enfin, avec un modèle théorique dans le chapitre 4, nous montrons qu’à l'équilibre, les PIs sont plus élevés en salariat pur qu’avec une rémunération basée sur la production. Aussi, une augmentation du paiement unitaire dans ce dernier système fait baisser les PIs, alors qu'une augmentation du salaire a un effet contraire. Un système mixte (salaire + rémunération à la production) semble être approprié pour assurer la participation des médecins et les inciter à réduire la recherche de rente« Petty corruption » is an important feature of the relationship between health workers and patients in settings that allow corrupt acts to happen. It has been well studied in Central and Eastern Europe under the term « informal payments » (IPs), but little has been done in Africa. To contribute in filling this gap in the literature, this thesis proposes a series of analyses to better understand some key aspects of this issue in the African context. In chapter 1, we show that the occurrence of IPs is concentrated on the poorest individuals. They are more likely to report having faced the lack of medicines, absenteeism of doctors and long waiting times in their local hospital, and these factors significantly increase the probability of incurring unofficial fees. In chapter 2, a deeper analysis of the influence of supply factors confirms that long waiting times, the management of the health workforce (e.g. using task shifting) and health workers’ perception vis-à-vis their earnings play a crucial role. In chapter 3, we highlight the existence of peer effects in the occurrence of IPs during consultation for HIV care, with a higher effect for the poorest patients. Finally, with a theoretical model in chapter 4, we show that at the equilibrium, the level of IPs is higher when the physician is paid by salary compared to output-based remuneration. Also, an increase of the unit payment in the later system leads to a reduction of IPs, while an increase of salary has the contrary effect. A blended remuneration (mix of salary and output-based remuneration) appears to be appropriate to both ensure the participation of physicians and introduce incentives to reduce rent-seeking
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Panier, Elise. "L’État et les relations de travail au Togo." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40047/document.
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Dans un contexte où l’on parlerait volontiers de « non-droit » ou de « droit invalide », où l’on serait tenté d’établir une corrélation entre secteur formel ou informel de l’économie et effectivité ou ineffectivité du droit, les modes d’intervention juridique de l’État dans les relations de travail ainsi que leurs formalisations, apparaissent sous-tendus au Togo par des réalités aussi diverses que paradoxales. L’analyse des conditions de production et de mobilisation du droit du travail permet de dégager quelques caractéristiques propres au fonctionnement de ce dernier en tant que système normatif au Togo. L’État peut sembler à la fois omniprésent et absent, puissant et impuissant. Les conditions de production du droit d’apparence hétéronome comme de celui élaboré sous contrôle étatique, conduisent à s’interroger sur la validité de certaines dispositions. Le droit positif apparaît parfois produit sans véritable attention à la question, pourtant essentielle, de l’articulation de ses sources et, quelquefois, selon des voies imprévues. Au travers du prisme particulier de l’analyse des mobilisations du droit du travail, des thématiques apparaissent récurrentes ou marginales, selon que l’on se réfère aux politiques et discours officiels ou bien à la pratique des acteurs institutionnels et sociaux. La réception du droit des relations de travail par ces derniers dépend en réalité non seulement du contexte socio-économique mais aussi des pouvoirs et situations en cause. L’interprétation juridictionnelle témoigne elle-même d’originalité quand ce n’est pas d’invention du droitIn a context where we willingly speak of "non-law" or "invalid law", where one would be tempted to establish a correlation between formal and informal sectors of the economy and of the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the law, legal intervention methods regarding labor relations by the State and their formalizations appear underpinned by both diverse and paradoxial realities in Togo. The analysis of labor law production and mobilization conditions reveals some characteristics of its operation as a normative system in Togo. The State may seem both omnipresent and absent, powerful and powerless. Production conditions of heteronomous law or state control law, raises questions about the validity of certain provisions. Positive law apears to be sometimes produced without proper attention to the essential question regarding the articulation of its sources, and sometimes in an unexpected way. Throughout the distinctive prism of the analysis of labor law mobilization, themes appear recurring or marginal, as they refer to policies and official statements as well as the involvement of institutional and social actors. The receipt of labor relations law by the latter depends in reality not only on the socioeconomic background but also on the powers and situations in question. Judicial interpretation itself shows originality, when this is not an invention of the law
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Cowaloosur, Honita. "Re-inscribing dependency : the political economy of Mauritius JinFei Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone Co. Ltd." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6444.
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This thesis investigates the capacity of the newly introduced Chinese Special Economic Zones in Africa (CSEZAs) to deliver ‘cooperation' and ‘mutual development' to China and Africa. Referring to existing scholarship on other forms of liberal spatial economics, it addresses the conceptual, methodological and theoretical void in which the subject of CSEZAs evolves in academia. As extensive global interactive processes are identified in the schema of the CSEZA, this thesis advocates Andre Gunder Frank's Dependency Theory as the appropriate prism through which to explicate the new zone format. Empirical data about the seven CSEZAs outline the problematic and development-conducive aspects of the zone model. It is argued here that the failure to customise the SEZ model to the African context is what corrodes the developmental prospects of the CSEZAs. The Mauritius JinFei Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone is taken as an example of a problematic CSEZA. A detailed analysis of the Mauritian case allows a visualisation of the respective role of China and the African state in the CSEZA context. As the exploitative and non-developmental nature of the CSEZA model (in its current form), is established, this thesis concludes that the CSEZA gives a new interpretation to the traditional practice of dependency. This new version, nonetheless, exacerbates the dialectic development-underdevelopment processes integral to the global capitalist economy.
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Baloyi, E. M. "Nxopaxopo wa nkucetelo wa ndhavuko eka vutlhokovetseri bya Magaisa, J.M. na Marhanele, M.M. ehenhla ka vavasati." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3311.
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Thesis (M.A. (African Languages)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013This research focuses on the analysis of poems on the portrayal of women by the two Xitsonga poets: Magaisa, J.M., Mihloti and Xikolokolo Nguvu, ya Pitori and Marhanele, M.M. Vumunhu bya Phatiwa and Swifaniso swa Vutomi. The main focus will be on the influence of Xitsonga culture on their portrayal of women, basing the argument on what the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996 says. In Chapter 1, there is a problem statement, aims of the study, rationale for the study, the significance of the study, the methodology, referring to the collection of data, where there is a primary and secondary research methods, scope and delimitation of the study and the literature review. The focus on Chapter 2 is on the explanation of what culture is, that each culture has the good and the bad in it, no culture is static. Chapter 3 focuses on the techniques employed by the poets in their portrayal of women. The focus in Chapter 4 is on the functions of poetry, basing on different eras, that is, the apartheid and democratic South Africa. The analysis of the selected poems will be dealt with in Chapter 5, divided into the married and the unmarried women. Chapter 6 focuses on places where women are discriminated against. Chapter 7 is a conclusion of the dissertation, and also look at what can be done to alleviate this discrimination.
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Ball, Karlene N. "A comparative study of the poetry and politics of five poets that represent the afro voice in the literature across the Americas : Aimé Cesaire, Nicolás Guillén, Langston Hughes, Luis Palés Matos and Claude McKay /." 2006. http://www.consuls.org/record=b2801885.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2006.Thesis advisor: Antonio García-Lozada. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Spanish." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-104). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Ngomayé, Esther Solange. "La littérature camerounaise en quête d’autonomie : analyse du rôle de l’association La ronde des poètes." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11078.
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Notre analyse du rôle de l’association La ronde des poètes dans la lutte pour l’autonomie de la littérature camerounaise s’est appuyée sur l’approche sociologique de Pierre Bourdieu pour qui la société est constituée de champs spécifiques en lutte les uns contre les autres pour atteindre un statut privilégié dans le champ social, ce qui constitue un aspect de leur autonomie. Selon Bourdieu, l’étude des manifestations de l’autonomie des champs littéraires devrait tenir compte de toutes les actions entreprises par les agents dudit champ. En effet, ces différentes actions ne sont que des stratégies de lutte. Seulement, d’après Jacques Dubois, l’autonomie des littératures nationales n’est acquise que lorsque celles-ci possèdent un appareil institutionnel propre capable d’assurer seul la production et la diffusion des œuvres, la légitimation et la consécration des écrivains. Si toutes ces conditions réunies échappent encore à plusieurs littératures de l’Afrique subsaharienne, il n’en demeure pas moins que ces dernières sont engagées dans un processus de lutte pour leur autonomie, ce que prouve l’exemple de La ronde des poètes, notre prétexte pour observer les manifestations de l’autonomie au sein du champ littéraire camerounais.
Les stratégies de lutte de La ronde des poètes sont d’émergence et de fonctionnement.
Pour le premier cas, la formule associative qui donne plus de possibilités que ne pourrait avoir un auteur isolé, le choix de la poésie aussi qui est un genre dont la production des œuvres ne nécessite pas de gros moyens financiers, nous sont apparus comme des stratégies ayant permis aux membres de La ronde des poètes de devenir des écrivains dans un contexte de production défavorable. De plus, par leurs textes fondateurs, ils se définissent
comme un groupe ayant un programme d’action bien établi. Par ailleurs, ils attirent sur eux l’attention en se proclamant avant-gardistes et, pour le montrer, publient des manifestes et se détournent, idéologiquement parlant, de la poétique de la négritude dont la fixation sur la race a dominé la création littéraire pendant plusieurs décennies en Afrique. Les stratégies d’émergence de La ronde des poètes ont travaillé à l’identification de cette association comme un élément du champ littéraire camerounais ayant sa place aux côtés d’autres acteurs existant déjà dans ce champ.
Pour ce qui est des stratégies de fonctionnement, La ronde des poètes s’est dotée d’un statut légal en se faisant enregistrer auprès des autorités camerounaises, ce qui la consolide dans son champ social. Sur le plan littéraire, ses membres lui confèrent un caractère institutionnel en créant en son sein des formes d’instances littéraires. Leurs ateliers d’écriture assurent la création des œuvres, les instances de diffusion prennent chez eux la forme d’un bulletin hebdomadaire, « Le rondin », mais surtout d’une revue, Hiototi : Revue camerounaise de poésie, de lettres et de culture. Cette revue recueille les articles de critiques littéraires formés à La ronde des poètes et de ceux du Cameroun. Le « Prix de la poésie rondine » est leur instance de consécration interne. Cette association réussit ainsi à obtenir la reconnaissance de pairs, poètes et écrivains camerounais et étrangers, celle aussi d’autorités camerounaises et internationales. En somme, la réunion de ces instances institutionnelles montre combien la marche vers l’autonomie de la littérature camerounaise en général est réelle.Our analysis of the role of the association The Round of Poets in the struggle for the autonomy of the Cameroonian literature was based on the sociological approach of Pierre Bourdieu for whom our society is made up of specific fields fighting against one another to reach a privileged status in the social field, which is an aspect of their autonomy. According to Bourdieu, the study of the autonomy of literary fields should take into account all the actions taken by the agents of a field. Indeed, these actions are all control strategies. Only, according to Jacques Dubois, the autonomy of national literatures is achieved when they have their own institutional apparatus capable by themselves of providing the production and distributing of works, the legitimation and consecration of writers. If African literatures cannot fulfill all these conditions, it remains that they are engaged in a process of struggle for their autonomy. The example of The Round of Poets shows that, this association being our excuse to observe the manifestations of autonomy within the Cameroonian literary field. Control strategies of The Round of Poets are appearance and operating strategies. For the first case, the associative formula that gives more opportunities than could have an isolated author, and also, the choice of poetry as a genre where the production of works does not require large financial resources, have emerged as strategies which allowed the members of The Round of Poets to become writers in an unfavorable production environment. In addition, by their founding documents, they define themselves as a group with an agenda established. Moreover, they draw attention to them by proclaiming avant-garde. To show this, they publish manifestos, and turn away, ideologically speaking, from the poetics of Negritude whose fixation on race dominated the literary creation during decades in Africa. The strategies of appearance of The Round of Poets worked to identify this association as part of the Cameroonian literary field and having its place alongside other components already existing in this field. For the second case which regards operating strategies, The Round of Poets obtained a legal status by registering with the Cameroonian authorities, which action consolidates this group in its social field. On the literary side, its members give it an institutional character by creating instances relating thereto. Their writing workshops provide creative works; their instances of dissemination appear in the form of a weekly newsletter, “The Rondin”, but also as a review, Hiototi: Cameroon Journal of Poetry, Literature and Culture. This review collects articles from literary critics trained in The Round of Poets and of those of Cameroon. The “Prize of the Rondine Poetry” is their instance of internal consecration. Hence, this association has managed to get the recognition of peers which are Cameroonian and foreign poets and writers, as the Cameroonian and international authorities. In short, the combination of these institutional instances shows how the movement towards autonomy of Cameroonian literature in general is real.
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"Greek poets in South Africa, 1960-2004." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8919.
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M.A. (Greek)The main purpose of this study has been to investigate the work of Greek poets in South Africa's Hellenic Diaspora from 1960 up to date, a period of a more voiummous artistic production due to the noticeable increase in the number of new Hellene immigrants and the innovative cultural atmosphere they brought along. Under this perspective, we examined the forces which led individuals to artistic creation with special focus on the relation between national identity and poetic production. Research has initially been based on poem collections, personal interviews as well as on newspaper articles, magazine publications and schedules of events which constitute our primary resources. In due course, lexicons and encyclopaedias were used to clarify terminology and semantics, as well as p!Cvious studies and relevant bibliography in order to prove, substantiate and enrich our present study. Implementation of quantitative and qualitative approaches with the use of questionnaires, interviews and data analysis rendered our project the following form: In the first chapter, Hellas is examined as the poets' country of origin in order to investigate the possible historic and literary influences carried over by the Greek poets to their new home. A history review of the period between the Second World War and 1974 was conducted examining the Hellenic socio-economic conditions predominant during the said period, which are likely to have led individuals into emigrating, as well as the post-war Hellenic literary development…
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Sibisi, Zwelithini Leo. "Conscientisation : a motive behind the selected poems of Sepamla, Serote, Gwala and Mtshali." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9544.
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The thesis looks at how the poets Sepamla, Serote, Gwala and Mtshali (SSGM)
make concerted efforts to demonstrate how different forms of social activities have
sought to whitewash black people in believing myths about themselves. These myths
were perpetuated by the government of apartheid policies and its related
bureaucratic organs like the education system. The fallacies were also
communicated through biased literature and denigrating terminologies. The study
analyses how the selected poems of SSGM set out to conscientize black people to
realise how they had unconsciously accepted certain behaviours. This had led them
to compare themselves to the “privileged cultures” and to strive to be identified with
those who were in power and those who were despised and were therefore
powerless.
The main aim of this study is to demonstrate how the poetry of Sepamla, Serote,
Gwala and Mtshali exposed the extent to which black people had been
psychologically subjected to internalising negative views of who they were. From the
title of the thesis we note a claim that conscientization was the motive behind the
poetry of Sepamla, Serote, Gwala, and Mtshali. This claim was discerned from the
poetry that was analysed. It was also deemed fit to verify this through structured
interviews and questionnaires that were arranged and conducted with the poets.
However the interviews did not include the late Sepamla who had been called to
higher service by the time the research was conducted. The researcher’s
interactions with the poets confirmed the claim that conscientization was indeed the
motive behind their poetry.
Aspects of peoples’ lives which had been targeted as tools for disempowering black
people were experienced in the form of racism, apartheid policies, Bantustan
institutions, and laws, demeaning terminologies, cultural superiority, and prejudiced
beliefs, arts, music, literature, theatre and sport.
An analysis of the poetry under review led to the conclusion that the poetry of SSGM
was not protest poetry as some scholars had claimed. The aim of the poetry was not
to instigate any militancy against oppressors but to make black people aware of their
identity and to affirm them in their resistance against cultural hegemony.
The study makes use of Marxist theories and specifically cites those aspects which
relate to the tools used to analyse the poetry of SSGM. Georg Lukacs’s viewpoint
that literature reflects the social reality of its time is applied to some of the selected
poetry. Eagleton and Althusser talk about the formalization of literature which makes
ideology to become visible to the reader. Gramsci says the task of producing and
disseminating ideology is performed by organic intellectuals. Writers are regarded as
organic intellectuals. In spite of the limiting circumstances the four black writers
whose poetry is being considered, managed to conscientize people around issues
that needed to be opposed or rejected.
This study is significant in so far as it exposed how poetry of black selected writers
conscientized people and indirectly contributed to the liberation of the oppressed in
South Africa. It is suggested that further studies are undertaken to re-assess the role
of literature written by the black writers during the apartheid regime. A special
attention must be given to those literary works that were banned and reasons for
such action by those who were hell bent on subjugating black people. One of the
challenges encountered during the research was that some of the books were out of
print. However, a thorough and persistent search did result in the final access to
those books which were not easily available.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.
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Tsiu, M. W. (Moruti William) 1944. "Basotho oral poetry at the beginning of the 21st century." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1362.
Full textAbstract:
Largely based on material recorded during an internationally sponsored inter-university research tour through the Sesotho speaking area of southern Africa in August 2000, this thesis explores the state of the Basotho oral poetry, the dithoko `praise poems', the difela `mine workers' chants' and the diboko `family odes' at the beginning of the 21st century.
Unlike the classical dithoko which were inspired by the wars or the battles in which the Basotho fought as well as cannibalism, those composed at the beginning of the 21st century are inspired by socio-economic and political situations of the poets. Lack of wars has resulted in the poets turning the praising to their chiefs and themselves. Changing socio-economic conditions inspired the difela compositions. The diboko though still a living tradition among the rural Basotho are not adhered to by some who are affected by modernism.
Performance of the three oral genres has shifted from the natural settings such as the battlefield, working parties, traditional courts, assemblies, etc., to organized annual festivals such as Morija Arts & Cultural Festival which constitute the Basotho's `popular culture'. The subject-matter and themes of the dithoko have shifted from warfare to traditional chiefs, current heroic deeds of the poets, current political situations and religion. The difela are characterized by inclusion of new subject-matter. The diboko still play an important function as carriers of the names of the ancestors, the tribal idiosyncrasy of the clan and the history associated with the clan's establishment.
The three Basotho oral genres demonstrate an emergence of a new phenomenon whereby one genre penetrates another, a phenomenon which may be called `migration of texts'. The last chapter explores the insights emanating from the entire research, and discusses suggestions on what should be done to ensure that the Basotho oral genres are maintained and improved. The video footage of the poets recorded at various places of the Free State and Lesotho have contributed to the success of the research. The thesis serves as a contribution to the Basotho's dynamic oral poetry on which scholars will hopefully do further research in the near future.African Languages
D. Litt et Phil. (African Languages)
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Sheik, Ayub. "Wopko Jensma : a monograph, the interface between poety and schizophrenia." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4829.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a monograph of South African poet and artist, Wopko Jensma. Jensma's published anthologies, Sing/or Our Execution (1973), Where White is the Colour, Where Black is the Number (1974) and Have You Seen My Clippings (1977) together with the relatively unknown and unpublished, Blood and More Blood deal with issues of identity relating to race and class within the context of apartheid South Africa in the nineteen seventies. These four anthologies represent a poetics of resistance conceived as an antidote to personal and social suffering as a result of the racist oppression of blacks in South Africa. Jensma's experimental poetry harnesses the signatures of jazz lyrics, concrete poetry, the avantgarde as well as African dance forms in bizarre cameos of underclass misery and racial oppression. In lieu of metrical regularity and rhyme the aesthetic experience is simulated by asemantic qualities of speech, sound and rhythmic undulations in a poetry characterised by what Samuel Beckett has called "the withdrawal of semantic crutches" (Schwab 1994:6). Jensma's schizoid discourse manifests itself as an asocial dialect with highly personal idioms, approximate phrases and substitutes which make his language extremely difficult to follow at times. Jensma's diction of private idiomatic language, mixing of dialects, the use of syncopation, ellipsis and experimental topography have no doubt contributed to the cryptic and arcane aberrations associated with schizophrenia. This schizoid versification is a paradoxical wish to protect the core of oneself from communication whilst simultaneously expressing the need to be discovered and acknowledged. This private idiomatic language reveal ordinary people driven into interior psychological spaces, as well as psychotic and surreal extremes in order to survive an overwhelming and implosive reality. Jensma's textual strategies deconstruct modernist assumptions about rationality, domination and meaning as a tyranny of power. The socially constructed self is exposed as a subject disempowered and alienated by ideologies which demand acquiescence and which offer false assurances in return. Likewise, the schizoid scrambling of the signifier is an attempt to repel the subjection implicit in rationalist discourse and to encourage an awareness of the world ideologically sanctioned by its dominant discourses. This study begins with a detailed biography of Jensma. The next chapter establishes the theoretical assumptions which inform the interface between Jensma's poetry and schizophrenia. Jensma's poetry is then systematically appraised in terms of themes, form and subjectivity. The last chapter is a study of the intertextual relations which provide insight into the context and milieii in which Jensma wrote and which permit a reading of Jensma's poetry as a discursive space in which different literary histories co-exist and respond to one another. The thesis concludes with an evaluation of Jensma's poetry as a pathological yet incisive response to the reductive politics ofracial essence, cultural crisis and the vagaries of consumer culture.Thesis (Ph.D)-University of Durban-Westville, 2002.