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Bilas, Vlatka. "United Africa: realistic or not?" Oeconomica Jadertina 10, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/oec.3053.
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There is a proliferation trend of a number of regional economic integrations in the world, as well as their deepening. This global trend spilled over in Africa, where the creation and deepening of regional economic integrations with the ultimate objective/goal of establishing one continental integration is considered a development imperative. A single market of 1.3 billion people can make a difference, from the aspect of trade, productivity, competitiveness, creation of new jobs and higher living standard. This paper aims to provide an overview and discuss challenges and perspectives of the development of regional integrations in Africa with special emphasis on eight regional economic communities recognized as building blocks of the African Union. Accordingly, the contribution of the paper is twofold. First, it gives an overview of the main features of regional economic integration of Africa and the performance of eight regional economic communities. Second, it identifies the main challenges and gains of regional economic integration processes in Africa and offers recommendations for further successful regional integration processes in Africa.
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Muzee, Hannah, and Andrew Osehi Enaifoghe. "Towards an Inclusive Model of African Regional Integration: How Effective has the Linear Model been so Far?" Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 11, no. 1(J) (March 10, 2019): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v11i1(j).2748.
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Abstract: The proponents of African regional integration hoped to create large economic spaces that allow economies of scale, increased efficiency, competitiveness and faster growth of Africa states. Whereas the linear model of regional integration seemed to have worked for the European Union, many have questioned its applicability in the African context. The applicability of the Linear model at the stages of Regional Economic Communities (RECs) like the EAC has met with significant stagnation primarily because of some bottlenecks such as poor infrastructure that limits the connectivity with the continent and lack of political will out of fear for the loss of sovereignty. The question thus lies in how the dream for a regionally united Africa will arise when its people cannot move and interact freely within the continent? By utilizing a secondary research design, this paper, therefore, sought to not only examine the effectiveness of the linear model of regional integration for Africa but also explore the possibility of incorporating the functionalist and federalist approach into an inclusive model for African regional integration. In examining the economic dynamics of regional integration, the paper identifies the benefits of economic integration, such as larger markets as a result of free movement of people and goods that could be harnessed by trading communities within Africa. Thus, the central argument in this paper does not discard the benefits and successes of the linear model of regional integration but concludes that its effectiveness can be enhanced by incorporating functionalist and at later stages federalist approaches to regional integration in Africa. The principal argument is that political and elitist integration agreements are futile when the continent is not connected physically and trade wise.
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Essop, Ghazala Begum. "THE ROLE OF SADC IN BOOSTING DOMESTIC, REGIONAL, CONTINENTAL AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE." Commonwealth Youth and Development 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1727-7140/1160.
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The role of regional economic communities in the development of trade in Africa is widely recognised. Currently, intra-African trade stands at 10 per cent. This is in sharp contrast to other developing regions of the world. In Asia and Latin America, the levels of intra-trade are 50 and 26 per cent, respectively. There are a number of reasons accounting for the low level of intra-African trade, including the weak mandate given to regional economic communities to monitor and enforce the commitments assumed by countries under regional trade agreements. The lack of integration has negatively impacted on African countries and affected their ability to attract foreign direct investment commensurate with their development needs. Had African countries been less exposed to external markets, they would have been minimally affected by the global financial crisis. The importance of boosting intra-African trade was highlighted by Africa’s Heads of State and Government when they devoted this year’s summit to this theme. In the run-up to the summit, the African Union Commission released a study that underscored the importance of regional economic communities in the process of economic integration in Africa. Currently, SADC member states are in the process of implementing the SADC Trade Protocol, which would create a fully-fledged free trade area and later a customs union, and at the same time engaged in tripartite negotiations aimed at merging the three (SADC, COMESA and the EAC) regional configurations. They are also engaged in the EPA negotiations with the European Union, which would create a free trade area and also the Doha negotiations under the auspices of the WTO. The main objective of this article is to estimate SADC countries’ bilateral trade potential, which may result in the improvements in trade facilitation.
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Armel, Dr Kaze. "Understanding the African Continental Free Trade Area: Beyond “Single Market” to “Africa’s Rejuvenation” Analysis." Education, Society and Human Studies 1, no. 2 (July 12, 2020): p84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/eshs.v1n2p84.
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While global trends continue to move from integration towards heightened protectionism, and retaliatory trade measures, African countries improved their intra-regional trade levels and deepened their regional integration by launching the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). The AfCFTA seeks to deepen Africa’s market integration at regional and continental levels; smash down tariff barriers within Africa; boost intra-Africa trade; promote regional and continental value chains; and hopefully deliver Africa’s rejuvenation. However, Africa as a continent is facing many challenges, especially its notions and concepts of development, plus the complications caused by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, questions are being aroused on whether African policy makers are prepared enough to overcome the AfCFTA related challenges. This article examines the mechanisms needed to fully implement the recently signed continental free trade area deal, its impact on Africa’s Regional Economic Communities (RECs), and what’s in it for Africa’s major economic partners. In this article, the author will also point out existing daunting challenges and give a series of policy recommendations.
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Emeka, Osuji. "Intra-African Trade, Macroeconomic Conditions and Competitiveness in Africa." Studies in Business and Economics 15, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 171–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2020-0014.
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AbstractMore than ever before, trade and regional integration have become two important arguments in the development equation of most modern states and, probably, explains the current rise in regional integration around the world. However, regional integration will not produce optimal benefits in the absence of favourable macroeconomic conditions and substantial internal trade among the integrating members. This paper employs descriptive statistics and econometric techniques to analyze the competitiveness of the continent by studying the impact of relevant intra-African trade indices on the competitiveness of Africa, based on a panel dataset spanning 2000 to 2016. The results show considerable variations in both inter- and intra-regional trade performance and competitiveness among African regional groupings and nations. Intra-African trade, especially in exports, over the study period, was consistently low. While the South Africa region had the highest intra-regional trade in imports, East Africa region had the highest level of inter-regional imports. West Africa, with Nigeria’s dominance, had the highest level of intra-regional exports, while South Africa had the highest inter-regional exports at country level. For the Regional Economic Communities (RECs), SADC reported the highest intra-African import trades, while SACU reported the highest inter-regional imports. SADC has the highest intra-African exports, while COMESA has the highest inter-regional exports. African Competitiveness Index (ACI) ranking puts the East Africa Region on top, and South Africa as the most competitive African economy. Using panel data covering 2012 to 2016 for 20 African economies, ACI was regressed on a 7-variable model, including intra-regional imports and exports, inflation rate, nominal exchange rate, gross capital formation, and the growth rate of GDP. The results were mixed but plausible. All the variables were correctly signed and significant in different regions, reflecting the huge structural and policy disparities among the regions. Continued transformation of African economies with emphasis on both physical and financial infrastructure, and human capital development will enhance intra-African trade and regional competitiveness.
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Mekonnen Mengistu, Muhabie. "Multiplicity of African Regional Economic Communities and Overlapping Memberships: A Challenge for African Integration." International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences 3, no. 5 (2015): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20150305.12.
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Nwankwo, Chidebe Matthew, and Collins Chikodili Ajibo. "Liberalizing Regional Trade Regimes Through AfCFTA: Challenges and Opportunities." Journal of African Law 64, no. 3 (September 4, 2020): 297–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855320000194.
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AbstractThe ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) marked a landmark event in the quest to achieve intra-African free trade. AfCFTA is poised to represent the largest free trade area outside the World Trade Organization. Although AfCFTA aspires to liberalize intra-African trade in goods and services to foster socio-economic development, there are concerns that capacity constraints may stultify the underlying goals. AfCFTA is expected to build on the considerable successes already achieved by Africa's regional economic communities. However, it fails to clarify how the overlapping regimes will be reconciled and harmonized. Nevertheless, the agreement is laudable for its quest to facilitate intra-African trade, foster regional value chains that can facilitate integration into the global economy, and energize industrialization, competitiveness and innovation. This article examines the celebrated AfCFTA to understand its potential amid local realities and the possible implications for the multilateral trading system.
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Jobodwana, Z. Ntozintle. "POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IN THE SADC: REFORMING THE ENERGY SECTOR REGULATORY SYSTEM." Journal of Law, Society and Development 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2014): 7–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2520-9515/872.
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The Southern Africa Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU) and other African regional economic communities (RECs) have as their ultimate objective the political and economic integration of the African continent. The SADC is home to a number of countries, all of them striving to improve their investment climate to attract foreign investors by reducing the costs of doing business in the region. One way of achieving this is by setting targets for and speeding up political and economic integration, improving interconnectivity and thereby enlarging the market size and enhancing its attractiveness. The SADC region still suffers from high levels of energy poverty through low access levels in all countries except South Africa and Mauritius. Numerous studies have shown that greater regional trading and cooperation on power development within the SADC could substantially reduce investment and operational costs as well as carbon emissions. The need for a regional power trading pool and regional cooperation grew out of the power utilities’ recognition of the vulnerability of individual countries if each continued to pursue a policy of self-sufficiency rather than out of a desire to minimise the social or financial costs of the region’s power. The power sector in southern Africa is undergoing tremendous reforms, more especially since the establishment of the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) in August 1995. The SADC, however, faces serious challenges that include diminishing surplus generation capacity and the need to ensure that SADC citizens have equitable access to electricity at affordable prices. To meet these challenges, treaties and protocols have been adopted but are failing to deliver at the implementation stage. This article reviews the SADC energy-electricity regulatory framework in the context of economic and political integration and recommends the establishment of an independent regional regulatory authority to oversee the implementation of integrated holistic energy and air pollution control and prevention, and a common climate change policy. Such a regulator would be a highly resourced regional institution that will liaise with international institutions. This independent regional authority will serve as a catalyst for regional economic integration. It will also have a mandate to introduce and coordinate the establishment of an SADC regional emissions trading scheme that will contribute to managing the mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and the implementation of global warming adaptation strategies in the region.
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Jobodwana, Zingisile Ntozintle. "OIL IN THE GULF OF GUINEA STATES AND SOUTH AFRICA IN THE MATRIX OF OVERLAPPING MEMBERSHIP OF AFRICAN REGIONAL COMMUNITIES: AN IMPEDIMENT TO REGIONAL INTEGRATION?" Journal of Law, Society and Development 3, no. 1 (September 12, 2016): 6–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2520-9515/273.
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The Gulf of Guinea states (GOGs) discussed in this article comprise a diverse group of more than 20 African states bordering on the oil-rich Gulf of Guinea. They are former colonies of Belgium, France, Great Britain and Germany. These states are of strategic importance to the United States, the European Union, India and China because of their tremendous natural resources that include biodiversity, oil, gas and other strategic minerals. But to what extent are they also of strategic importance not only to South Africa but to SADC member states? After all, the GOGs boast of their sea routes being safer and more convenient for sea transport. Post-colonial independence finds these states still adopting a mixture of foreign legal systems side by side with indigenous laws and customs. The region is still underdeveloped, with poor physical infrastructure, weak government structures, an inefficient legal system, and internecine strife and other inter-state disputes exerting a debilitating influence. The NEPAD Plan of Action of 2001 looks to the regional economic communities (RECs) to become the leaders in regional economic co-operation and integration. Although the GOGs are characterised at present by overlapping membership of various communities, they have enjoyed some successes based on the newly found petroleum commodity which, wisely managed, can help to increase intra-African trade and produce a viable extensive African market buttressed by South Africa’s economic advances into the rest of Africa. In some of the regions in Africa RECs such as ECOWAS and SADC have been able to transform their economic and monetary co-operation efforts into a powerful driving force for economic policy co-ordination and integration, but a strong, credible, effective and efficient legal framework with sustainable supporting institutions is now needed. South Africa is well poised to assist with deepening the political and economic integration in the GOGs by intensifying foreign direct investment (FDI), capacity-building and training projects, and the transfer of skills and technology. But the RECs’ overlapping membership needs to be rationalised, the negative influences of the superpowers need to be resisted, and support is required to maintain peace and stability and ensure the security of the maritime regimes. A strong, independent supra-national body that is also able to supervise and monitor revenues from oil for the benefit of the region as a whole should be established.
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Asche, Helmut. "Europäische Handels- und Agrarpolitik gegenüber Afrika Mit einem kritischen Blick auf den Beitrag der Wirtschaftswissenschaften." Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftspolitik 67, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfwp-2018-0020.
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Abstract European trade policy with Africa is in deep trouble. We observe a triple policy failure. (1) The EU tries to draw African partner countries into comprehensive deep integration agreements, far more than these countries can arguably support. (2) For trade in goods, safeguard clauses in the EPAs are patchy. They cannot satisfy African needs for smart protection of agricultural and industrial businesses. Facing the refusal of some African governments to sign, the EU has no answer. Ensuing fragmentation of African regional economic communities is a disaster. Rapid repair work of the existing regional EPA drafts looks more promising than a grand solution with the new African Continental Free Trade Area. (3) Negative impact of the EU Common Agricultural Policy on African producers must finally be acknowledged and at least partly compensated. – A deeply divided economic profession delivering trunked analyses with regard to all three complexes is unfortunately of limited help to policy-makers.
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Forere, Malebakeng. "Is Discussion of the “United States of Africa” Premature? Analysis of ECOWAS and SADC Integration Efforts." Journal of African Law 56, no. 1 (February 13, 2012): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855311000234.
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AbstractFor integration to succeed, the intending bloc of nations must begin with integration efforts that are based on gradual, continuous and concrete achievements, to create de facto solidarity among community members. This is the theoretical premise on which this article is based. This perspective is also drawn from the normative framework of both the Constitutive Act of the African Union (AU) and the Treaty Establishing the African Economic Community. According to its objectives, the AU aims to form a union government, to be preceded by successful economic integration through regional economic communities (RECs). While there are several RECs in Africa, this article examines those in west and southern Africa, being among the more developed. The article discusses whether the RECs have achieved their objectives to the extent that would warrant discussion of, and efforts towards, the imminent formation of the “United States of Africa”.
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Johnson, Omotunde E. G. "Economic Integration in Africa: Enhancing Prospects for Success." Journal of Modern African Studies 29, no. 1 (March 1991): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x0002070x.
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After two decades of poor economic performance in most of the countries of the region, and with the recent political and prospective economic changes in Eastern Europe, as well as the European Community's forthcoming ‘single market’ in 1992, debates in African circles have intensified on political democracy, structural adjustment, and economic integration. The last of these topics is the concern of this article, which discusses the major factors behind the slow progress, and sometimes failure, of integration attempts in Africa, and then, inter alia, proposes ways in which the chances of success can be enhanced, and progress towards regional integration thereby accelerated.
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Kumar, Saten, Rahul Sen, and Sadhana Srivastava. "Does economic integration stimulate capital mobility? An analysis of four regional economic communities in Africa." Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money 29 (March 2014): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2013.11.001.
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Nzomo, Maria, and Zerubabel Getachew. "Regional Energy Integration for Sustainable Development in Eastern Africa: The Case for Geothermal Energy." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 12, no. 5 (September 5, 2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2021-0042.
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Energy is a crucial factor in international relations and a critical input to achieve global economic growth and development. Provision of affordable, sustainable, and reliable energy is necessary and a prerequisite for any country’s economic growth and prosperity. The United Nations Agenda 2030, through its Seventh Sustainable Development Goal (SGD 7) and the African Union Agenda 2063 Aspiration 1recognise the centrality of access to energy towards realising the ambitions enlisted in these documents. The asymmetric distribution of natural resources and the political, strategic, financial, and technological challenges in utilising these resources hinder countries from availing affordable, sustainable, and reliable energy by using domestic sources alone. The inability to attain energy independence makes a compelling case for nations to increasingly integrate their energy supply chains to international and regional energy markets. As a result, ensuring access to affordable energy has become a core interest of regional foreign relations. Therefore, if geopolitics permits, energy cooperation and interdependence become the ultimate and sustainable path towards energy security. Africa has tremendous potential ranging from hydrocarbons to renewable energies. Nevertheless, it has failed to provide adequate energy for its social and economic needs mainly due to poor governance and related challenges. Africa has to utilise such humongous and diversified energy resources by embracing an optimal energy mix that contributes to regional economic development and energy integration. Eastern Africa, home to various renewable energy resources, is one of the energy-poor regions in Africa. The prevailing energy system in the sub-region is hydro-based and lacks reliability. The sub-region has tremendous renewable energy resources such as wind, solar, and geothermal. Still, their utilisation is negligible due to several challenges, including governance and lack of access to finance and technology. This paper argues that an integrated and regional approach to developing the energy sector in Eastern Africa can address the energy-related challenges and contribute towards regional integration in Eastern Africa. In particular, the development of geothermal energy, within the optimal energy mix in the sub-region, for both power generation and direct use application will play a crucial role in forging energy integration in Eastern Africa. In this regard, regional institutions such as power pools and regional economic communities are indispensable. Received: 27 June 2021 / Accepted: 5 August 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021
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Sparks, Donald Lee. "The Sustainable Development Goals and Agenda 2063: Implications for Economic Integration in Africa." Research in Applied Economics 8, no. 4 (December 4, 2016): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/rae.v8i4.10194.
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<p>This paper examines how Africa’s recent efforts to promote economic integration, specifically<br />the Regional Economic Communities (RECs) and the proposed Continental Free Trade Area<br />(CFTA) are supported by and in harmony with the Post 2015 Development Agenda and the<br />African Union’s Agenda 2063 initiative.<br />The World Bank’s Global Economic Prospects projects for the period 2014-2017 that five of<br />the world’s 13 top growing economies will be in Africa. However, it is distressing and puzzling<br />that such growth has not been accompanied by reduced poverty, income inequality and<br />unemployment. It is also unsettling that few states met all of the Millennium Development<br />Goals (MDGs) which expired at the end of last year. Furthermore, Africa will likely be<br />confronted by daunting challenges in the near term. This ominous situation is enhanced by the<br />nature of Africa’s trade, both within the continent and in the global economy.<br />To counter some of these constraints, especially the tariff barriers, the RECs and the CFTA will<br />be critical in stimulating trade growth. Increased economic integration, either on a regional<br />level or on a continent-wide level under the general guidelines of the Sustainable Development<br />Goals (SDGs) and Agenda 2063 will result in increased trade which will, in the long term,<br />increase incomes, reduce poverty, increase employment, provide greater consumer choice, and<br />will offer shelter from exogenous external shocks. However, at least in the short term, such<br />gains are also typically accompanied by loses. This paper calls for a continental Integration<br />Compensation Funding Mechanism (ICFM) to balance some of these loses. The ICFM would<br />be developed and managed by the African Development Bank, the United Nations Economic<br />Commission for Africa and the African Union.</p>
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Ohanyan, Anna. "The Global Political Economy of Fractured Regions." Global Governance 24, no. 3 (September 12, 2018): 371–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02403005.
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Abstract Despite ebbs and flows in comparative regional studies over the past few decades, the regional dimension of world politics is gaining sustained attention from scholarly and policymaking communities. Thus far much of the focus has been on regional integration, which is traditionally viewed as a necessary condition for economic development and security provision. This article describes the problem of regional fracture in conflict regions; it delineates the political and economic dimensions of regional fracture; and examines the security implications of each. It examines the problem of fractured regions in Russia’s post-Soviet neighborhoods, the Balkans, and sub-Saharan Africa. The article concludes with implications for security policy as exercised by the West in the post-American world.
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Sifolo, Portia Pearl Siyanda. "Tourism Supply Chain Management: A Catalyst to Development in Africa." Gaze: Journal of Tourism and Hospitality 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gaze.v11i1.26635.
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The relationship in the tourism supply chain management could in turn be a catalyst towards development of the sectoring the continent. Th is paper explore areas of integration in the tourism supply chain among Regional Economic Communities (REC’s) through contextualization of a comparative advantage to increase the share of the tourism business in Africa as a catalyst to development in the African continent. This paper adopted the text analysis that is used in social science research and involves “drawing inferences from a comparative advantage theory”. In this case, large volumes of contents are analysed. Themes that emerged revealed that a well-managed tourism supply chain in the country and in the Regional Economic Communities (REC’s) could stimulate the infrastructural development and preserve natural and historical heritage. TSCM has the ability to support the society. There is a dire need to liberalize air flight and visa regimes to benefit from the share of tourism in the REC’s in the African continent. The implication is that tourism distribution can be achieved through the recognition of the nature of strategic coordination between partners in the RECS and can also improve the performance of the tourism sector in the continent. For companies that are involved in the effective supply chain, they could benefit from coordination and communication through the distribution channels that support the core service or product.
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Omphemetse S. Sibanda, Sr. "The Advent of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement as a Tool for Development." Foreign Trade Review 56, no. 2 (April 23, 2021): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732521995171.
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Modelled on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA), signed at the Extraordinary Summit of the African Union, which convened in Kigali, Rwanda, on 21 March 2018, is designed to facilitate a single continental trade regulation and integration framework for trade disciplines and intentioned to boost intra-Africa trade. AfCFTA came on the backdrop of not less than eight regional economic communities (RECs), which are loosely regulated. The study finds that AfCFTA can become a beacon of development in the African continent, provided an array of issues including addressing the multiplicity of RECs, putting in place a Development-focused migration and labour policy or developing a side labour agreement similar to that of NAFTA to address other issues like harmonisation of treatment and conditions of workforce and pursuing industrialisation that will help manage the negative spillovers of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). JEL Codes: C23, F10, F13, F14, F15, F17, F19, K33, K41
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Mshai Mwasagua, Phoebe, Dr Alphonce Juma Odondo*, and Dr Destaings Nyongesa. "Effect of Government Infrastructure Expenditure on Poverty in the East African Community." Noble International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, no. 64 (June 8, 2021): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51550/nijefr.64.71.77.
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The East African Community (EAC) level of economic integration is among the most advanced Regional Economic Communities (RECs) in Africa. With advancement in integration, efforts are being made by the member countries to have collective decision making on fiscal policies with the view of addressing poverty situation among other economic factors. However, while economic theory indicates that increased government expenditure leads to reduced poverty, empirical literature pits conflicting results. The difference in opinions poses lack of predictability of public finance decision making as to whether a perceptible relationship exists between public expenditure on infrastructure and poverty. This study thus, assessed the effect of government expenditure on infrastructure and poverty in EAC. Poverty was measured by private consumption per capita. The study was anchored on the Ferroni and Kaburi resource allocation framework. Correlational research design was adopted in the study. The analysis span between 2007 and 2018. The study used data drawn from five countries, namely, Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. Panel data analysis was employed to interrogate the study topic. The Random Effects Model was used to estimate the relationship after converting the log transformed data to stationary series. The results indicated that Government expenditure on infrastructure was significant in lowering poverty (β2=0.1577; p=0.0000). Thus, the need to enhance allocation and expenditure on infrastructure to arrest poverty. The findings may be beneficial to policymakers, strategists, government and advocacy groups.
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Kalinichenko, L. N., and E. V. Morozenskaya. "Clusters in Africa's Economy as a Perspective Model of Production." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 14, no. 2 (April 2, 2021): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2021-14-2-9.
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For attracting private capital to the economy, African governments allocate territories for commercial and industrial use within Special Economic Zones (SEZ). This is an important factor in export diversification (primarily of manufactured products), expanding country’s participation in global value chains, and creating new jobs. Despite different specialization from labor-intensive (textile production, agriculture, etc.) to high-tech sectors, most of the existing SEZs are ineffective due to the underdevelopment of African markets, weak competition, large-scale corruption, but to a large extent - as a result of insufficient interconnection between individual producers.Economic space organization through the creation of clusters - production efficiency and the emergence of a special type of competition -allows them to use common infrastructure, labor and raw materials markets; jointly export products; exchange knowledge and technologies, which is significant in terms of the industrial revolution 4.0. Clusters have the characteristics of “growth poles” - territorial conglomerates that, due to their special position and infrastructural advantages, become locomotives of industrial growth, spreading to other regions.This is especially important given the prevalence of highly inefficient micro, small and medium-sized companies in African economies, a significant part of which is in the informal sector. Clusters, emerging as a rule “from below”, can turn into structure-forming elements of the economy (both at the national and regional levels), but only on condition of organizational and financial support from individual states and their economic communities. This is in the African economies interest, as evidenced by their gradual reorientation towards the domestic market development, as well the regional market expansion within the framework of integration associations.
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Mayessa, Amsalu Darge. "Overview on the Notion of Integration of Human Rights: Giving Pragmatic Value to Socio-Economic Rights Rather than Rim Service." Nordic Journal of International Law 83, no. 2 (June 12, 2014): 168–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-08302003.
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This article describes and analyses instrumentalities ingrained within the notion of the indivisibility of human rights. It navigates through different international and regional human rights instruments and declarations that accentuate the magnitude of all human rights without disparity. Thus, the article will attempt to address the following critical questions: Why are the global communities concerned about the indivisibility, interdependence and interrelatedness of human rights? Why these notions are largely ignored at the national level? How can we provide a heightened level of protection to social and economic rights primarily at the domestic level? How great of an impact will the notion of the unity of human rights has on the justiciability of socio-economic rights? Finally, the article analyses the nexus between indivisibility, interrelatedness and interdependence of human rights and justiciability by exploring the jurisprudence of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights.
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Batlle Bayer, L., B. J. J. M. van den Hurk, B. J. Strengers, and J. G. van Minnen. "Regional feedbacks under changing climate and land-use conditions." Earth System Dynamics Discussions 3, no. 1 (April 2, 2012): 201–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-3-201-2012.
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Abstract. Ecosystem responses to a changing climate and human-induced climate forcings (e.g. deforestation) might amplify (positive feedback) or dampen (negative feedback) the initial climate response. Feedbacks may include the biogeochemical (e.g. carbon cycle) and biogeophysical feedbacks (e.g. albedo and hydrological cycle). Here, we first review the most important feedbacks and put them into the context of a conceptual framework, including the major processes and interactions between terrestrial ecosystems and climate. We explore potential regional feedbacks in four hot spots with pronounced potential changes in land-use/management and local climate: sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Europe, the Amazon Basin and South and Southeast Asia. For each region, the relevant human-induced climate forcings and feedbacks were identified based on published literature. When evapotranspiration is limited by a soil water deficit, heat waves in Europe are amplified (positive soil moisture-temperature feedback). Drought events in the Amazon lead to further rainfall reduction when water recycling processes are affected (positive soil moisture-precipitation feedback). In SSA, the adoption of irrigation in the commonly rainfed systems can modulate the negative soil moisture-temperature feedback. In contrast, future water shortage in South and Southeast Asia can turn the negative soil moisture-temperature feedback into a positive one. Further research including advanced modeling strategies is needed to isolate the dominant processes affecting the strength and sign of the feedbacks. In addition, the socio-economic dimension needs to be considered in the ecosystems-climate system to include the essential role of human decisions on land-use and land-cover change (LULCC). In this context, enhanced integration between Earth System (ES) and Integrated Assessment (IA) modeling communities is strongly recommended.
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Verbist, Koen, Abou Amani, Anil Mishra, and Blanca Jiménez Cisneros. "Strengthening drought risk management and policy: UNESCO International Hydrological Programme's case studies from Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean." Water Policy 18, S2 (December 1, 2016): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.223.
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Droughts have resulted in significant socio-economic impacts in the regions of Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), especially in developing countries. The main gaps to mitigate its effects, identified in both Africa and LAC regions, include a lack of human and institutional capacity, a lack of access to relevant early warning information for decision-making, the identification of vulnerable communities within the countries and the integration of these two components into drought management policies. UNESCO International Hydrological Programme (UNESCO-IHP) has been providing support to enhance human capacity, policy guidance and tools to the countries to address drought-related challenges and this paper presents some examples. Through capacity building at regional institutions in Western, Eastern and Southern Africa, drought monitoring and early warning tools have been transferred and validated for inclusion into national climate risk management plans. In LAC, a drought atlas was produced to identify the frequency of meteorological droughts and the exposure of population to droughts. Also in LAC, national drought observatories were developed in two pilot countries, providing locally relevant and actionable drought monitoring and early warning information, socio-economic vulnerabilities and appropriate drought indicators for decision-making to strengthen current drought policies for these countries.
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Jancic, Davor. "Regional Parliaments and African Economic Integration." European Journal of International Law 30, no. 1 (February 2019): 199–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chz006.
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Umurungi, Yvette, Samuel Kanyamibwa, Faustin Gashakamba, and Beth Kaplin. "African Biodiversity Challenge: Integrating Freshwater Biodiversity Information to Guide Informed Decision-Making in Rwanda." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (June 15, 2018): e26367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.26367.
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Freshwater biodiversity is critically understudied in Rwanda, and to date there has not been an efficient mechanism to integrate freshwater biodiversity information or make it accessible to decision-makers, researchers, private sector or communities, where it is needed for planning, management and the implementation of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP). A framework to capture and distribute freshwater biodiversity data is crucial to understanding how economic transformation and environmental change is affecting freshwater biodiversity and resulting ecosystem services. To optimize conservation efforts for freshwater ecosystems, detailed information is needed regarding current and historical species distributions and abundances across the landscape. From these data, specific conservation concerns can be identified, analyzed and prioritized. The purpose of this project is to establish and implement a long-term strategy for freshwater biodiversity data mobilization, sharing, processing and reporting in Rwanda. The expected outcome of the project is to support the mandates of the Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA), the national agency in charge of environmental monitoring and the implementation of Rwanda’s NBSAP, and the Center of Excellence in Biodiversity and Natural Resources Management (CoEB). The project also aligns with the mission of the Albertine Rift Conservation Society (ARCOS) to enhance sustainable management of natural resources in the Albertine rift region. Specifically, organizational structure, technology platforms, and workflows for the biodiversity data capture and mobilization are enhanced to promote data availability and accessibility to improve Rwanda’s NBSAP and support other decision-making processes. The project is enhancing the capacity of technical staff from relevant government and non-government institutions in biodiversity informatics, strengthening the capacity of CoEB to achieve its mission as the Rwandan national biodiversity knowledge management center. Twelve institutions have been identified as data holders and the digitization of these data using Darwin Core standards is in progress, as well as data cleaning for the data publication through the ARCOS Biodiversity Information System (http://arbmis.arcosnetwork.org/). The release of the first national State of Freshwater Biodiversity Report is the next step. CoEB is a registered publisher to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and holds an Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT) account on the ARCOS portal. This project was developed for the African Biodiversity Challenge, a competition coordinated by the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) and funded by the JRS Biodiversity Foundation which supports on-going efforts to enhance the biodiversity information management activities of the GBIF Africa network. This project also aligns with SANBI’s Regional Engagement Strategy, and endeavors to strengthen both emerging biodiversity informatics networks and data management capacity on the continent in support of sustainable development.
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Ngandwe, Phazha Jimmy. "The Paradox of Migration and the Interests of the Atomistic Nation-States: The Southern African Perspective." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 16, no. 1 (April 26, 2017): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2013/v16i1a2317.
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The "paradox of migration and the interests of the atomistic nation-states" interrogates the phenomenon of migration in general and in the Southern African Development Community in particular. The point of departure of the paper is the African Union and the Southern African Development Community’s legal framework on migration, as read with the national legal instruments of the different member states. Its focal point is the raison d’être of this phenomenon of migration and the corresponding approaches and attitudes of the nation-states within which migration takes place inter se. This includes the psycho-social impact of migration. Internationally as well as regionally, States are concerned with issues of sovereignty, the preservation of the welfare of the citizenry, ensuring social cohesion social, cultural and economic development including job creation, and fighting against transnational organised crime, including terrorism. The theme of the paper is that whereas migration should form the bedrock of regionalism and globalisation, the negative attitudes of the nation-states to migration are more often than not at variance with the objectives of regionalism and globalisation. The central question of the research is how states can discharge their duties and obligations vis-à-vis their nationals without perpetuating the bottlenecks to and the stigma that attaches to migration and thereby upsetting the international as well as regional integration objectives of the free movement of people. This is the issue that the paper is intended to explore. The main areas of concern are that the negative attitudes of the nation-states are manifested in the hostile treatment of migrants at all ports of entry, including illegal or ungazetted points of entry, within the nation-states in general, and in their labour markets in particular. This research therefore explores the paradoxical nature of the duties and responsibilities of states within the migration and mobility discourse. The paper will conclude by making practical recommendations aimed at influencing policy and law.
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Nita, Sonja. "Regional free movement of people: The case of African Regional Economic Communities." Regions and Cohesion 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 8–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2013.030302.
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While the idea of global free movement of people is discussed merely in normative terms, it has become a concrete policy goal in different world regions. The article aims to assess the prospects of regional free movement by discussing its theoretical and practical implications, with a specific focus on African sub-regional organizations. This is achieved by outlining the meaning, rights, and rationale of the free movement of people and by situating the regional level within the overall context of international migration governance. The eight African Regional Economic Communities serve as a practical illustration on how the goal of free movement is translated (or not) into concrete policies. Spanish Aunque la idea de la libre circulación mundial de personas se discute sólo en términos normativos, se ha convertido en un objetivo político concreto en diferentes regiones del mundo. Este artículo tiene como objetivo evaluar las posibilidades de libre circulación regional (continental), discutiendo sus implicaciones teóricas y prácticas, con un enfoque especí fico en las organizaciones subregionales africanas. Esto se logra delineando el significado, los derechos y la razón de ser de la libre circulación de personas, y situando el nivel regional dentro del contexto general de la gobernanza de la migración internacional. Las ocho comunidades económicas regionales de África sirven como un ejemplo práctico de cómo se traduce el objetivo de la libre circulación, o no, en políticas concretas. French Bien que l'idée de la libre circulation mondiale des personnes soit essentiellement traitée en termes normatifs, elle est devenue un objectif politique concret dans différentes régions du monde. Cet article vise à évaluer les perspectives de la libre circulation régionale en discutant de ses implications théoriques et pratiques, avec un accent particulier sur les organisations sous régionales africaines. Ceci est réalisé en soulignant la signification, les droits et la justification de la libre circulation des personnes et en situant l'échelle régionale dans le contexte global de la gouvernance de la migration internationale. Les huit communautés économiques régionales africaines constituent un exemple concret de la façon dont l'objectif de la libre circulation se traduit (ou non) par des politiques concrètes.
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Naudé, Willem, and Waldo Krugell. "Global integration of Africa versus regional integration in Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2001): 493–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v4i3.2659.
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Proposals and schemes for regional integration have abounded in postindependence Africa, often with disappointing results. Recently there has been a revival of interest in African economic integration. Unlike in the past, regional integration is now motivated as a way to open up African economies. This paper assesses whether regional integration amongst African states is the best way to achieve open economies. The conclusion is that regional integration between African states may be of limited value, apart from possibly contributing to better co-ordination of sound macro-economic policies. Instead, integration between African countries and higher-income regions, such as Euroland, may be a preferred strategy.
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Enaifoghe, Andrew O., and Toyin C. Adetiba. "South African Economic Development in SADC Sub-Regional Integration." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1(J) (March 15, 2018): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1(j).2097.
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Following the end of colonialism in the Southern African sub-region, the SADC has experienced a thorough rearrangement with South Africa as the front-runner as opposed to her pre-1994 stance on integration. African regional cooperation has nevertheless been revitalised in some ways as a result of the two major events which started in the beginning of the 1990s that include the abolition of the apartheid regime in South Africa, and the eventual stabilisation of both political and economic relationships in the Southern Africa sub-region. This study employs the use of content analyses to assess the position of South Africa investments in SADC. Through the use ofregional integration, the studyfurther examined various South Africa’s Key Economy Performance since 1994 which are the main contributing factors to South African economic growth; furthermore it looks at her material, commodity and political investment in the subregional integration process to determine if it serves as the strategy for National Economic Development for South Africa.The paper find out thatregardless of South Africa’s economic clout within the SADC region, its Foreign Direct Investment is predominantly from its investment and market penetration of Southern Africa region while maintaining constant economic growth.
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Enaifoghe, Andrew O., and Toyin C. Adetiba. "South African Economic Development in SADC Sub-Regional Integration." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1.2097.
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Following the end of colonialism in the Southern African sub-region, the SADC has experienced a thorough rearrangement with South Africa as the front-runner as opposed to her pre-1994 stance on integration. African regional cooperation has nevertheless been revitalised in some ways as a result of the two major events which started in the beginning of the 1990s that include the abolition of the apartheid regime in South Africa, and the eventual stabilisation of both political and economic relationships in the Southern Africa sub-region. This study employs the use of content analyses to assess the position of South Africa investments in SADC. Through the use ofregional integration, the studyfurther examined various South Africa’s Key Economy Performance since 1994 which are the main contributing factors to South African economic growth; furthermore it looks at her material, commodity and political investment in the subregional integration process to determine if it serves as the strategy for National Economic Development for South Africa.The paper find out thatregardless of South Africa’s economic clout within the SADC region, its Foreign Direct Investment is predominantly from its investment and market penetration of Southern Africa region while maintaining constant economic growth.
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Nnyanzi, John Bosco, Peter Babyenda, and John Mayanja Bbale. "Regional Economic Integration and Tax Revenue: East African Community." Journal of Economic Integration 31, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 932–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11130/jei.2016.31.4.932.
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Kuzmin, D. V., and D. V. Kuzmin. "East African Community: Demographics and Economic Development." Information and Innovations 15, no. 2 (August 14, 2020): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31432/1994-2443-2020-15-2-45-51.
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Regional economic integration in East Africa, as in sub-Saharan Africa as a whole, remains an urgent task for States. It also arouses the interest of researchers for its features. The basis of regional economic integration in the associations of Africa in the XXI century is a stable macroeconomic dynamics, since the author proceeds from the fact that in the conditions of economic recovery, integration processes in the region are intensified. At the same time, the author believes that the socioeconomic problems common to the countries of Africa or its individual regions can also serve as a basis for the activation of integration processes.
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Robson, Peter. "Regional Integration and the Crisis in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 23, no. 4 (December 1985): 603–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00054999.
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The appalling experience of most African countries has led many observers to conclude that the continent has now reached a critical stage in its development, and that a political, social, and economic ‘nightmare’ by the turn of the century cannot be ruled out.1 One pessimistic scenario suggests that even with fundamental improvements in domestic economic management, up to four-fifths of Africa's population in 1995 will be below the poverty line compared with three-fifths today.2 This is the context in which African leaders enunciated new development priorities in their 1980 Lagos Plan of Action, notably greater self-reliance and industrialisation geared to domestic markets. Outside the continent, a growing concern with dismal African prospects has generated two action programmes by the World Bank,3 while new guidelines have recently been produced in the European Community for supporting African development.4 Without exception, all of these appraisals see a major role for regional co-operation and economic integration.
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HENTZ, JAMES J. "The Southern African security order: regional economic integration and security among developing states." Review of International Studies 35, S1 (February 2009): 189–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210509008481.
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AbstractTheories in international relations, predicated on particular assumptions, for explaining the relationship between regional economic integration and regional security miss the challenges to security in the developing world. Unlike the developed world, regional interdependence in much of the developing world engenders negative externalities. The relationship between regional economic integration and regional security depends on the nature of the security threats that define the region – traditional state vs state threats on one hand versus new security threats on the other hand. The nature of the security threat, or security dilemma, will determine how different forms of regional economic integration, laissez faire, functional, and developmental, define or re-define a particular regional security order. Building a ‘security community’ in the developing world, therefore, calls for new architectural principles. In the case of southern Africa, both, laissez faire (free trade area) and functional cooperation (spatial development initiatives) will foster insecurity rather than security.
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Bore, Obert. "Dispute Settlement Mechanisms in African Regional Economic Communities: Lessons and New Developments." African Journal of Legal Studies 12, no. 3-4 (May 14, 2020): 242–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340051.
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Abstract African regional trade agreements often provide for dispute settlement mechanisms and procedures that should be followed. They also establish judicial bodies or tribunals for the respective African Regional Economic Communities. Despite the existence of judicial bodies, African governments do not usually litigate against each other on trade-related disputes. However, the few cases adjudicated by the regional judicial bodies are insightful of how contemporary trade disputes shape the development of community law. With reference to case law, this article presents lessons from regional judicial bodies. Notwithstanding the lessons learnt, there are challenges too. In response to the challenges, new developments on the continent, adopted through the African Continental Free Trade Area signal a move towards respecting rules-based trade through ensuring legal predictability and certainty for trade dispute settlement. Thus, this article will also provide a detailed analysis of the dispute settlement mechanism under the African Continental Free Trade Area, a system akin to World Trade Organisation.
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Goncharov, Victor I., C. R. D. Halisi, and Yevgeny Tarabrin. "Recommendations: Southern African Development Coordination Conference and African Security." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 17, no. 1 (1988): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700500870.
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The overwhelmingly dominant regional power of southern Africa, South Africa, attempts to contain the political, economic, and military interdependence of neighboring states, irrespective of ideological preference. The Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) founded in 1980, is the response of the other states in the region to South Africa’s ambitions to maintain regional hegemony. Its nine member state are Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, and an independent Namibia is expected to join. The specific objectives of SADCC, as stated in the 1980 Lusaka Declaration, are the reduction of economic dependence in general (not only on South Africa); the forging of links to create a genuinely meaningful and equitable system of regional integration; the mobilization of resources to support national, interstate, and regional policies; and concerted action to secure international cooperation for the purpose of economic liberation.
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Enyinda, Chris I., Emmanuel E. Obuah, and Alphonso O. Ogbuehi. "The Role of Multinational Enterprises in West African Regional Economic Integration." Journal of African Business 1, no. 2 (June 2000): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j156v01n02_03.
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Frimpong Oppong, Richard. "The African Union, the African Economic Community and Africa's Regional Economic Communities: Untangling a Complex Web." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 18, no. 1 (March 2010): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0954889009000528.
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Jiboku, Peace A. "The Challenge of Regional Economic Integration in Africa: Theory and Reality." Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v3i4.96.
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Africa has a high concentration of sub-regional economic organisations, multilateral arrangements and institutions promoting the goals of integration. Yet, the continent has remained the least integrated of the world’s major regions. Africa has remained slow in its development trajectory and harbours most of the least developed countries of the world. A large percentage of the African populace is mired in poverty while the sub-continent continues to be marginalised in global affairs. The obvious reality is that Africa is yet to benefit fully from the gains of regional economic integration and that the economic transformation of the African continent as a whole – one of the main objectives often declared in establishing regional economic integration schemes – is yet to be realised. There is, in Africa, a seemingly wide gap between the theoretical aspirations towards regional economic integration and the empirical evidence and practical reality of actual integration. Regionalism in Africa raises several issues of contradictions and debate in the world <br />of theory. This paper examines regional economic integration challenge in Africa locating key issues within theory and practice.
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Enaifoghe, Andrew, and Sandile Blessing Mkhwanazi. "The Polity of Regional Integration Development and the Challenges Hampering Southern Africa Economic Growth." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 12, no. 5(J) (November 20, 2020): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v12i5(j).3101.
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This paper explored the polity of regional integration development and the challenges hampering the southern Africa economic growth. The study finds that the design and structure of the African regional development within the integration schemes is around inward-looking industrialization that is intended to facilitate economic costs of participation for member states. This often remains unevenly distributed among member states. Most countries in Africa linger highly reliant on agriculture and yet suffer from high levels of unemployment and food insecurity in the continent. In these situations, it is logical for one to expect the “African regional integration in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) sub-regional schemes to be most focused on developing whatsoever synergies that may exist to promote both socio-economic development and regional security across borders, which may hamper the policy implementation through good governance and ethical valued approach. Qualitatively, this paper collected data and analysis them based on content, using secondary sources from different domains, including Google scholars, Scorpius repositories.
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Muntschick, Johannes. "Regional Economic Integration in the Southern African Development Community (SADC): Analysing the Dynamics and Performance." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-2-333-346.
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This article analyses the dynamics and performance of regional economic integration in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). It proposes an innovative theoretical approach to the analysis of regionalism that refers to cooperation theory and takes the impact of external actors explicitly into account. The motivation for this research stems from the observation of a new wave of regionalism in the Global South. Many of these new or reformed regional integration organisations (RIOs) comprise of developing countries, particularly in Africa. In contrast to expectations of most mainstream integration theories, new regionalisms in the Southern Hemisphere have come into existence and show considerable degrees of dynamics and institutional performance. However, there is evidence that regionalisms in the Global South are less stable than in the North and not always entirely under control of regional actors only. This puzzling observation, of which the SADC gives an example, has motivated research for this article. Its central aim is to explain the recent integration dynamics and performance of the organisation in its key policy area, namely the economy. By applying a situation-structural approach to analyse and explain the development of institutionalised regional integration, the author argues that patterns of strong and asymmetric interdependence between regional and extra-regional actors may have an ambivalent impact on the genuine structure of regional cooperation problems, institution-building and institutional performance. The article illustrates and explains this on the example of SADC’s key economic integration projects: the SADC Free Trade Area and the scheduled SADC Customs Union.
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Mazur, Anatolii, and Oksana Kubai. "SCIENTIFIC-METHODOLOGICAL AND PRACTICAL PRINCIPLES OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEMS INTEGRATION." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 2 (May 13, 2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-2-117-123.
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The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the trans-boundary economic interactions and crossborder development of the regions in various organizational forms of cooperation as a direction of globalization of the regional economic systems. Study of transformational processes in the national economy from the perspective of regionalization of social development opens up a list of scientific problems that are already urgent today and in the future will require new or additional justification. First and foremost, they include justification of the content and essence of economic regions, which operate outside the common market of the state and which are open for other national systems of the world economy within the framework of the interregional cooperation. Practice shows that territorial and economic systems are not limited to political and administrative boundaries but are able to function beyond their borders. This tendency needs scientific and theoretical justification in the meaning of a new paradigm of regional development. Methodology. The methodological basis for the study of theoretical and practical aspects of the functioning and development of regional economic systems in the conditions of interregional cooperation is the modern theories and concepts of regional development, including transborder cooperation. Practical implications. Modern publications do not adequately and deeply consider the issues of the nature of emergence and organization of regional communities’ international interactions, peculiarities of the forms of organization and economic feasibility of their existence. The essence of the research lies in justification of the scientific concept of development of the regions’ cross-border interaction as the objective tendency synthesis of the state and regions in the implementation of the extended economic reproduction. The article deals with the theoretical and practical issues of the regional economic communities’ development in the trans-boundary space of Ukraine. The terminological concepts “national economy” and “economy of Ukraine” are distinguished. And the necessity of promoting for Euroregions creation, expansion of cross-border cooperation was established. Value/ originality. It is established that the modern development of the world economy is based on the interaction of the border regions, which in total provide the cross-border movement of goods and services in the globalized economy.
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Omotayo, Adeleke. "Sustainable intra-country transportation system: a panacea for African regional economic integration." AFRREV IJAH: An International Journal of Arts and Humanities 7, no. 1 (March 20, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijah.v7i1.6.
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Mapuva, Jephias. "Challenges to regional economic integration in the Southern African Development Community bloc." International Journal of Public Law and Policy 4, no. 3 (2014): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijplap.2014.063007.
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Bala, Maiyaki Theodore. "The Challenges and Prospects for Regional and Economic Integration in West Africa." Asian Social Science 13, no. 5 (April 19, 2017): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v13n5p24.
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The age-long practice of the individual survival of nations have long given way to the emergent concept of integration and cooperation among states as an option to meeting the collective development needs of the cooperating states. Practice has shown over time that when states take comparative advantage of each other’s strength and weaknesses, it opens the space and engenders the potentials for specialization, development of the economies of scale and indeed reduces the cost of production. Consequently, it enhances the purchasing power of the citizenry. In recent times, there have been significant increases in the efforts of developing countries especially in Sub-Saharan Africa to achieve regional economic integration. The advent of the African Union (AU) and the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) have given new impetus to the global African and regional integration processes and has focused particular attention on the need to take decisive action to tackle the continent’s numerous problems through the instrument of the economic integration strategy. This paper appreciates the evolution of regional integration and analyses the rationale for economic integration in West Africa. It evaluates the challenges and prospects of integration in West Africa.
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Gorokhov, Stanislav, Maxim Agafoshin, and Ruslan Dmitriev. "Somalis in Sweden: Regional Dimension." Contemporary Europe 100, no. 7 (December 31, 2020): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope72020150161.
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The article discusses the process of formation and development of parallel societies in Sweden in the case of the Somali community. The transformation of Sweden into a country of mass immigration, which began in the second half of the 20th century, and its positioning as a “humanitarian superpower” significantly changes the country’s socio-cultural space. The authors conclude that the narrow spatial localization of the extraneous cultural and confessional population, with a specific imperative of behavior, results inthe formation of parallel communities, and in the case of the Somali community, to its marginalization. Within these segregated areas on the territory of Sweden, a fragmented social space is formed, the interaction between the subjects of which is similar to that in Somalia. At the same time the Swedish state organizations lose their monopoly on the implementation of the legislatively fixed rights and freedoms of citizens across these territories. It negatively affects Sweden’s internal security aspects, leading to an increase in the radicalization of Swedish society and in the threat of terrorism. The current situation undermines the security not only of Sweden itself, but also of its EU neighbors – primarily the Nordic countries. Therefore, nowadays, the integration of immigrants from the Muslim countries of Asia and Africa is one of the most important problems facing the Swedish government and the entire Swedish society.
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Yaroshenko, I. V., and I. B. Semigulina. "Global Experience of State Support in the System of Public Management of Territorial Communities’ Development." PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 4, no. 46 (2020): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2020-4-19-28.
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Achieving sustainable development of the countries against the background of overcoming the problems and backwardness of some territories, reducing the disproportion of socio-economic indicators, creating conditions for the development of competitive economic environment, and achieving a high standard of living form the main directions of regional policy in many countries, including the European Union. Detailed study of the experience in the formation and implementation of regional policy, the positive examples and trends of some countries and, in particular, EU member states, that have achieved economic growth and improved the welfare of their residents, are relevant for the development of modern Ukraine and its regions during the ongoing European integration processes, socio-economic changes and the formation of Ukraine’s own national regional policy. Analysis of the uneven development of territories and the identification of the main characteristics of this asymmetry allow not only to determine the current state of disproportion in regional development potentials, but also to assess the regional policy directions aimed at eliminating the disproportion. European integration direction in Ukraine’s policy confirms the relevance of a comprehensive study of the regional policy experience in the world and the EU, in particular, especially that of the best practices of Central and Eastern Europe, the latter demonstrating stable positive changes in socio-economic development. This experience could be useful for Ukraine to form and implement its own regional policy principles of organizing regional and local development management and building up local self-government.
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Gardachew, Bewuketu Dires, Gebeyehu Mengesha Kefale, and Getahun Kumie Antigegn. "Assessing the Obstacles of Regional Integration in the Horn of Africa: the Case of IGAD." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 19, no. 3 (December 15, 2019): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-3-432-438.
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Since the independence of the continent, there have been failed attempts to industrialize it using import-substitution policy, which gave rise to the idea of regional integration as an instrument to facilitate structural transformation in Africa. Consequently, African countries have embraced regional integration as an essential element of their development strategies principally driven by the economic rational of overcoming the restraint of small and fractioned economies working in isolation. The establishment of the Organization for African Unity (OAU) in 1963 believed to contribute to many integration initiatives. Even after the transformation of OAU to AU, leaders of the continent once again emphasized their dedication to the idea of regional integration. Obviously, even in the future the issue will continue to be one of the main economic agendas of the continent as there is a widely shared belief that regional cooperation is crucial to tackle development challenges that cannot be addressed at a national level. The cardinal objective of this paper is to assess the obstacles of regional integration in the Horn of Africa. Hence, the findings show that political instability, conflicts, overlapping membership and weak infrastructure are the main challenges for regional integration in East Africa.
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Admassu, Samuel. "An empirical analysis of the trade-creation effect of African regional economic communities." Empirical Economics 56, no. 3 (December 21, 2017): 843–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00181-017-1382-7.
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Madzimure, Tariro, and Edson Mbedzi. "Determinants of poverty: a relative panel data analysis among African regional economic communities." International Journal of Education Economics and Development 12, no. 3 (2021): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeed.2021.10037745.
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