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1
Somerville, Carolyn. "Pensée 2: The “African” in Africana/Black/African and African American Studies." International Journal of Middle East Studies 41, no. 2 (May 2009): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743809090606.
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In Pensée 1, “Africa on My Mind,” Mervat Hatem questions the perceived wisdom of creating the African Studies Association (focused on sub-Saharan Africa) and the Middle East Studies Association a decade later, which “institutionalized the political bifurcation of the African continent into two academic fields.” The cleaving of Africa into separate and distinct parts—a North Africa/Middle East and a sub-Saharan Africa—rendered a great disservice to all Africans: it has fractured dialogue, research, and policy while preventing students and scholars of Africa from articulating a coherent understanding of the continent.
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de Haan, Leo J. "Perspectives on African Studies and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa." Africa Spectrum 45, no. 1 (April 2010): 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971004500104.
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In this farewell lecture on the occasion of his departure as Professor of Development in sub-Saharan Africa at Leiden University and Director of the African Studies Centre (ASC), Leiden, the author starts with the vuvuzela issue as an illustration of the lack of confidence the world has in South Africa organizing and running the World Cup smoothly. He takes that as a sign that there still exists a stereotype of African incompetence, despite the social and economic progress Africa has witnessed in the last decade. He does not want to argue that African Studies have not been able to offset such a stereotype. What he tries to show is that it is not clear from the wealth of actor-oriented research in African Studies what the main social, political and economic trends in Africa are. He argues that actor-oriented research in African Studies should try to increase its relevance by contributing—through meta-analyses and comparative research—to the discussion on social, political and economic trends in Africa. Special attention should be paid to the possible rise of the developmental state in Africa. In doing so, African Studies may also substantiate its claim that it is able to challenge the universal pretensions of mainstream social science.
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Quansah, Emmanuel, and Thomas K. Karikari. "Motor Neuron Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Need for More Population-Based Studies." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/298409.
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Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are devastating neurological diseases that are characterised by gradual degeneration and death of motor neurons. Major types of MNDs include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). These diseases are incurable, with limited disease-modifying treatment options. In order to improve MND-based biomedical research, drug development, and clinical care, population-based studies will be important. These studies, especially among less-studied populations, might identify novel factors controlling disease susceptibility and resistance. To evaluate progress in MND research in Africa, we examined the published literature on MNDs in Sub-Saharan Africa to identify disease prevalence, genetic factors, and other risk factors. Our findings indicate that the amount of research evidence on MNDs in Sub-Saharan Africa is scanty; molecular and genetics-based studies are particularly lacking. While only a few genetic studies were identified, these studies strongly suggest that there appear to be population-specific causes of MNDs among Africans. MND genetic underpinnings vary among different African populations and also between African and non-African populations. Further studies, especially molecular, genetic and genomic studies, will be required to advance our understanding of MND biology among African populations. Insights from these studies would help to improve the timeliness and accuracy of clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Besseah, Bernard, Daisy Achiro, Joseph Mhando, and Sadiat Adetoro Salau. "Embedding digital and research-literacy support program into postgraduate studies curriculum." Library Review 66, no. 8/9 (November 7, 2017): 586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lr-02-2017-0012.
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Purpose This viewpoint paper aims to propose a digital and research literacy support program for postgraduate schools in sub-Saharan Africa institutions. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviewed literature on postgraduate students’ skills and postgraduate information literacy programs and proposed one for postgraduate schools in sub-Saharan Africa institutions. Findings Information literacy programs are not implemented at the postgraduate level in sub-Saharan Africa possibly because of lack of contents for these programs. Research limitations/implications The course is only a proposed course that can be embedded into the postgraduate curriculum in sub-Saharan African universities. The effectiveness of the course has not been evaluated in this study. Originality/value The proposed information literacy program focused on digital and research literacy, which is still relatively new in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Hatem, Mervat. "Why and How Should Middle East and African Studies Be Connected? (posed by Mervat Hatem)." International Journal of Middle East Studies 41, no. 2 (May 2009): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002074380909059x.
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For years, I struggled with the presentation of the category of “Middle East” to my students at Howard University, a historically black college. Like many of their professors, my students did not consider North Africa to be part of Africa. The reason was simple: the study of the continent was bifurcated between two fields, African and Middle East studies. African studies focused on sub-Saharan Africa; North Africa was the purview of Middle East studies.
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Ibrahim, Ahmed, Aditi Malik, and Cori Wielenga. "Migration in sub-Saharan Africa: The Somali refugee and migrant experience." African Studies Review 63, no. 1 (March 2020): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2019.68.
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Abstract:This forum contributes to debates on migration, displacement, and place-making in contemporary sub-Saharan Africa. We bring together an interdisciplinary group of scholars to move the existing literature beyond the dominant focus on the causes of displacement to a rich and granular exploration of its consequences. The forum focuses on Somali refugees and migrants for two reasons. First, Somalia is one of the largest refugee-producing countries in the world. Second, depending on the host states in which they find themselves, Somali migrants and refugees can encounter many different fates, ranging from living in refugee camps to migrating to other countries in sub-Saharan Africa to a small minority being resettled in countries of the global north. These varied circumstances make it possible to study strategies of place-making among Somali communities from several different perspectives. A central theme of this forum is to highlight the agency of migrants and refugees and to emphasize the fact that these groups are more than mere victims of their circumstances. The articles in this volume will be of interest to scholars of African studies, anthropology, comparative politics, migration studies, peace studies, and Somali studies.
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Gisselquist, David, Richard Rothenberg, John Potterat, and Ernest Drucker. "HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa not explained by sexual or vertical transmission." International Journal of STD & AIDS 13, no. 10 (October 1, 2002): 657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646202760326390.
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An expanding body of evidence challenges the conventional hypothesis that sexual transmission is responsible for more than 90% of adult HIV infections in Africa. Differences in epidemic trajectories across Africa do not correspond to differences in sexual behaviour. Studies among African couples find low rates of heterosexual transmission, as in developed countries. Many studies report HIV infections in African adults with no sexual exposure to HIV and in children with HIV-negative mothers. Unexplained high rates of HIV incidence have been observed in African women during antenatal and postpartum periods. Many studies show 20%–40% of HIV infections in African adults associated with injections (though direction of causation is unknown). These and other findings that challenge the conventional hypothesis point to the possibility that HIV transmission through unsafe medical care may be an important factor in Africa's HIV epidemic. More research is warranted to clarify risks for HIV transmission through health care.
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Reynolds, Tim. "Which way to turn? Is the Haua Fteah a Levantine site?" Libyan Studies 49 (October 16, 2018): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lis.2018.5.
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AbstractRecent work has shown early modern human occupation at Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, dating as far back as MIS 9 (337–300 Ka). Such early dates double the period in which modern humans were present in North Africa, with implications for several key debates on modern human origins and subsequent spread. Routes across a ‘Green Sahara’ allowed population movement intermittently from sub-Saharan Africa and across the Saharan region in general. This has implications for the debate about the timing and routes of modern human expansion across and out of Africa, but also has the effect of focusing discussion on the archaeological record of sub-Saharan Africa and even Arabia for evidence of human behaviour and adaptations. This may be unfortunate as the record for much of the vast area of sub-Saharan Africa and Arabia is extremely limited and the more detailed record of the Levantine region is overlooked. Work at the Haua Fteah and in its surrounding region (Cyrenaican Libya) provides an opportunity to investigate how far the Palaeolithic record for this part of North Africa is, in fact, a product of trans-Saharan, North African or Levantine, influences. The genetic evidence suggests the process of modern human expansion out of Africa, and just as importantly within Africa itself, was a complex one that may have involved population movements into and out of North Africa from several different directions. A concentration upon the Green Sahara hypothesis may distract current research from this broader picture.
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Loimeier, Roman. "Translating the Qur'ān in Sub-Saharan Africa: Dynamics and Disputes." Journal of Religion in Africa 35, no. 4 (2005): 403–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006605774832180.
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AbstractIn the last decades, African Muslim societies have experienced multiple processes of modernization, as, for instance, in the sphere of education. As a consequence, the number of African Muslims literate in African languages has grown tremendously and so has the number of texts, including religious texts, published in these languages. At the same time, the Qur'ān has been translated into many African languages, and these translations of the Qur'ān have triggered disputes among religious scholars on the translatability of the Qur'ān as well as the interpretative orientation of these translations. The disputes over the translation and interpretation of the Qur'ān into African languages might contribute to the emergence, in sub-Saharan Africa, of a tradition of scholarly debates that would stress contextualized interpretations of the text.
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Goldsmith, Arthur A. "Mixed regimes and political violence in Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 48, no. 3 (August 18, 2010): 413–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x10000315.
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ABSTRACTPolitical violence in sub-Saharan Africa is down. The number of military dictatorships and one-party states is also down. Are the two trends related? Conventional democratic peace theory says the answer is yes, because the relationship between democracy and peace is linear and positive. A revisionist view, however, raises questions. The majority of Africa's new regimes are not full democracies but mixed regimes that some studies find to have the greatest propensity to violent behaviour. Using statistical analysis of a trichotomous classification of African regimes from 1960 to 2008, this article suggests that neither argument fits the facts. Autocracies and partial democracies in this region appear to have similar exposure to conflict, with both types of systems suffering more conflict than full democracies. Variables other than regime type appear to be the driving forces behind these trends.
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Edesiri, Godsday, and Joel Confidence. "Does earnings management exert pressure on firms' return on assets and equity?: The case of Sub-Saharan Africa." Ekonomski horizonti 22, no. 3 (2020): 221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekonhor2003221o.
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Regardless of the viewpoints of prior studies on earnings management, no study has been carried out on whether earnings management exerts pressure on firms' return on assets and equity, particularly in SubSaharan Africa in a single study. Drawing inferences from the existing earnings management models, a dissimilar model of earnings management, unlike those used in prior studies, which may match the peculiarity of Sub-Saharan Africa is developed in this paper. The data used were obtained from the Stock Exchange database of Sub-Saharan African countries by employing the fixed and random effects statistical technique. Using the proposed earnings management model, the study finds the intriguing results that may contribute to knowledge and magnify the literature that, notwithstanding the fact that earnings management exerts significant pressure on firms' performances, it is even more so deemed as high in South Africa, only to be followed by West Africa, and low in East Africa. Interestingly, the study finds that the size of a firm plays a vital role in moderating the nexus between the earnings management and performances of Sub-Saharan African firms.
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Patterson, Rubin. "Building the New African Eco-Industrial Economy: Circulating Brains and Recycling Materials." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 5, no. 3 (2006): 213–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156915006778620106.
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AbstractThis paper develops an original proposition for debate in the fields of African studies, transnationalism, environmental studies, and technology studies. Essentially, the paper posits that, for a few key reasons, Sub-Saharan Africa will not likely have an opportunity to experience industrialization with the reigning "destructo-industrial" technologies pioneered by Europeans and Americans. An industrial experience appears achievable for Sub-Saharan Africans only in the context of a new ecological economy. Not only are there no unassailable national frontrunners in this future area, but Sub-Saharan Africans have a credible opportunity of being among the leaders in the future. The process would commence with "brain circulation," the movement of Africans into rich, technologically advanced countries to have their human, economic, and social capital enhanced, some of which to be reinvested in their respective homelands, particularly in ecological industrial areas.
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Kruger, Marie, and Gwendolyn Mikell. "African Feminism. The Politics of Survival in Sub-Saharan Africa." African Studies Review 42, no. 1 (April 1999): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/525563.
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Krause, Amanda, Heather Seymour, and Michèle Ramsay. "Common and Founder Mutations for Monogenic Traits in Sub-Saharan African Populations." Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 19, no. 1 (August 31, 2018): 149–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-083117-021256.
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This review highlights molecular genetic studies of monogenic traits where common pathogenic mutations occur in black families from sub-Saharan Africa. Examples of founder mutations have been identified for oculocutaneous albinism, cystic fibrosis, Fanconi anemia, and Gaucher disease. Although there are few studies from Africa, some of the mutations traverse populations across the continent, and they are almost all different from the common mutations observed in non-African populations. Myotonic dystrophy is curiously absent among Africans, and nonsyndromic deafness does not arise from mutations in GJB2 and GJB7. Locus heterogeneity is present for Huntington disease, with two common triplet expansion loci in Africa, HTT and JPH3. These findings have important clinical consequences for diagnosis, treatment, and genetic counseling in affected families. We currently have just a glimpse of the molecular etiology of monogenic diseases in sub-Saharan Africa, a proverbial “ears of the hippo” situation.
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Alımoglu, Orhan, Nuray Colapkulu, and Ihsan Metin Leblebici. "The Analysis of Sub-saharan African Surgical Sublications." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 3, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v3i2.83.
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Objectıve: Medical education and health have been accelerated in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) over the years, however scientific contrubition of SSA is not adequate. The aim of this study is to document the studies published by scientists from SSA.Method: This study was conducted via searching the database of PubMed by using the words “Sub-Saharan Africa AND Surgery”, between 01.01.2016 and 31.12.2016.Results and dıscussıon: A total of 582 articles were found and reviewed. Irrelevant 305 (52%) articles were excluded. There were 277 (48%) surgical articles and 82 (30%) of the studies were conducted in the field of general surgery which were reviewed for this study. Fourty-two (51%) articles were published by local scientists from 15 SSA countries; 15 (18%) articles by the researhers outside of Africa and 25 (30%) articles were collaboration studies between African and western countries. Twenty (24%) articles were published in African based journals whereas 62 (76%) were published in international journals. The most common topics among articles were gastrointestinal system diseases, trauma and breast cancer, respectively.Conclusıons: In conclusion the number and subjects of publications held by local scientists is inadequate, and therefore, scientific researhers should be supported.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 02 April’19. Page: 101-104
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Munjita, Samuel Munalula. "Current Status of Norovirus Infections in Children in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/309648.
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Noroviruses are a leading cause of acute sporadic gastroenteritis worldwide. In Sub-Saharan Africa, information regarding norovirus infections in children is scarce. A systematic review of studies performed between 1993 and June 2015 was conducted to establish the genotypic distribution and prevalence of norovirus infections in children (≤17) in Sub-Saharan Africa. Analysis of data from 19 studies involving 8,399 samples from children with symptomatic and nonsymptomatic gastroenteritis revealed prevalence of 12.6% (range 4.6% to 32.4%). The prevalence of norovirus infections was higher in symptomatic children (14.2%) than asymptomatic children (9.2%). Genogroup II (GII) was the most prevalent genogroup accounting for 76.4% of all the reported norovirus infections. The rest of the infections were GI (21.7%) and GI/GII (1.9%). The most common genotypes were GII.4 (65.2%), GI.7 (33.3%), and GI.3 (21.3%). These statistics were calculated from studies carried out in 12 out of 48 Sub-Saharan African countries. Therefore, more studies involving several countries are required to determine fully the epidemiology of noroviruses and their contribution to childhood diarrhoea in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Africa, Charlene Wilma Joyce, and Pedro Miguel dos Santos Abrantes. "Candida antifungal drug resistance in sub-Saharan African populations: A systematic review." F1000Research 5 (December 8, 2016): 2832. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10327.1.
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Background:Candidainfections are responsible for increased morbidity and mortality rates in at-risk patients, especially in developing countries where there is limited access to antifungal drugs and a high burden of HIV co-infection. Objectives:This study aimed to identify antifungal drug resistance patterns within the subcontinent of Africa. Methods: A literature search was conducted on published studies that employed antifungal susceptibility testing on clinicalCandidaisolates from sub-Saharan African countries using Pubmed and Google Scholar. Results: A total of 21 studies from 8 countries constituted this review. Only studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa and employing antifungal drug susceptibility testing were included. Regional differences inCandidaspecies prevalence and resistance patterns were identified. Discussion: The outcomes of this review highlight the need for a revision of antifungal therapy guidelines in regions most affected byCandidadrug resistance. Better controls in antimicrobial drug distribution and the implementation of regional antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance programmes are required in order to reduce the highCandidadrug resistance levels seen to be emerging in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Africa, Charlene Wilma Joyce, and Pedro Miguel dos Santos Abrantes. "Candida antifungal drug resistance in sub-Saharan African populations: A systematic review." F1000Research 5 (January 20, 2017): 2832. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10327.2.
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Background:Candidainfections are responsible for increased morbidity and mortality rates in at-risk patients, especially in developing countries where there is limited access to antifungal drugs and a high burden of HIV co-infection. Objectives:This study aimed to identify antifungal drug resistance patterns within the subcontinent of Africa. Methods: A literature search was conducted on published studies that employed antifungal susceptibility testing on clinicalCandidaisolates from sub-Saharan African countries using Pubmed and Google Scholar. Results: A total of 21 studies from 8 countries constituted this review. Only studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa and employing antifungal drug susceptibility testing were included. Regional differences inCandidaspecies prevalence and resistance patterns were identified. Discussion: The outcomes of this review highlight the need for a revision of antifungal therapy guidelines in regions most affected byCandidadrug resistance. Better controls in antimicrobial drug distribution and the implementation of regional antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance programmes are required in order to reduce the highCandidadrug resistance levels seen to be emerging in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Musavengane, Regis, Pius Siakwah, and Llewellyn Leonard. "“Does the poor matter” in pro-poor driven sub-Saharan African cities? towards progressive and inclusive pro-poor tourism." International Journal of Tourism Cities 5, no. 3 (November 29, 2019): 392–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-05-2019-0057.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to question the extent to which Sub-Saharan African cities are progressing towards promoting pro-poor economies through pro-poor tourism (PPT). It specifically examines how African cities are resilient towards attaining sustainable urban tourism destinations in light of high urbanization. Design/methodology/approach The methodological framework is interpretive in nature and qualitative in an operational form. It uses meta-synthesis to evaluate the causal relationships observed within Sub-Saharan African pro-poor economies to enhance PPT approaches, using Accra, Ghana, Johannesburg, South Africa, and Harare, Zimbabwe, as case studies. Findings Tourism development in Sub-Saharan Africa has been dominantly underpinned by neoliberal development strategies which threaten the sustainability of tourism in African cities. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to three Sub-Saharan African countries. Further studies may need to be done in other developing countries. Practical implications It argues for good governance through sustainability institutionalization which strengthens the regulative mechanisms, processes and organizational culture. Inclusive tourism approaches that are resilient-centered have the potential to promote urban tourism in Sub-Saharan African cities. These findings contribute to the building of strong and inclusive Institutions for Sustainable Development in the Sub-Saharan African cities to alleviate poverty. Social implications These findings contribute to the building of strong and inclusive institutions for sustainable development in the Sub-Saharan African cities to alleviate poverty. Originality/value The “poor” are always within the communities, and it takes a community to minimise the impact of poverty among the populace. The study is conducted at a pertinent time when most African government’s development policies are pro-poor driven. Though African cities provide opportunities of growth, they are regarded as centres of high inequality.
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Osundiran, Oluwatoyin Adeola, Felix Okonta, and Harry Quainoo. "An Examination of Port Choice Indicators and Critical Transportation Parameters as a Basis for Port Selection." Journal of Maritime & Transportation Science 58, no. 1 (June 2020): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18048/2020.58.01.
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In view of the growing international trade in Sub Saharan Africa, and very few studies done on the determinants of port choice from the Sub Saharan African port users perspective, this paper proves that efficiency is one of the critical determinants of port selection. Efficiency is a critical transportation parameter. The kernel of the paper is to examine port choice indicators and critical transportation parameters as a basis for port selection. Fifty-one business representative from Sub Saharan African countries responded to the questionnaire to indicate what they consider as critical in their importation and exportation of shipment via ports in Sub Saharan Africa. The paper established that critical transportation parameters and key port indicators are determinants in the choice of ports.
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Magezi, Vhumani. "Practical Theology in Africa: Situation, Approaches, Framework and Agenda Proposition." International Journal of Practical Theology 23, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijpt-2018-0061.
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Abstract Practical Theology’s situation in Sub-Saharan Africa is not well documented except in South Africa, despite a strong theological focus on practical ministry across the continent and considerable discussion of African contextual theologies, including African theology, Black theology, reconstruction theology and women’s theology. The article sketches the context by highlighting the gaps in the discussion of Practical Theology. It discusses embedded Practical Theological practices within contextual theologies and surveys Practical Theology’s focus and aspirations across Africa, highlighting practices in Anglophone Africa, Francophone Africa and Lusophone Africa. Finally, it deduces a framework for Practical Theology in Africa and identifies the challenges and tasks that should be put on the agenda of Practical Theology.
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Eilu, Emmanuel. "An Assessment of Mobile Internet Usage in a Rural Setting of a Developing Country." International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications 9, no. 2 (April 2018): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmcmc.2018040104.
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In sub-Saharan Africa, studies show that the key driver for mobile Internet use is social media. However, despite the global reach and proliferation of the Internet and mobile phones, research on mobile Internet use in rural communities in Sub-Saharan Africa is lacking. There is very little research on how rural communities in Sub-Saharan Africa use the Internet, yet a number of studies have shown that there are unique technological needs of rural communities. The purpose of this article is to explore and understand how marginalized rural people in a sub-Saharan African country like Uganda use the Internet, and the factors that limit the use of this technology. This research found out that sports websites accessed through mobile phones were a more substantial indicator of mobile Internet use in Arapai sub-county. This is contrary to what much of the literature presents that the reason for going online in Sub-Saharan Africa is to access social media networking sites. The research also found out that the most limiting factor for accessing the Internet was poor network connectivity.
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Ndabarora, Eléazar, Clemence Nishimwe, and Dariya Mukamusoni. "Systematic review of hypertension prevalence and awareness in Sub-Saharan Africa." KIBOGORA POLYTECHNIC SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL 1, no. 1 (April 11, 2018): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33618/kpscj.2018.01.003.
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Several studies have reported high prevalence of hypertension in Africa, but little is known on awareness and determinants of preventive measures uptake. The purpose of the review was to identify and review the studies which reported at the same time on the prevalence of hypertension and awareness among the participants in sub-Saharan Africa, and to recommend needed research studies and interventions to prevent and control hypertension increase. High prevalence of hypertension was found across sub-Saharan African countries. The increasing hypertension rate moved from 19.7% in 1990 to 30.8% in 2010, with very high increase in some sub-regions up to 77%. A low awareness was found, less than 50% and in some place less than 10%. Also a high rate of hypertensive patients who were not on treatment was found. There is a very increasing prevalence of hypertension and unawareness in sub-Saharan Africa. There is also a high rate of hypertensive patients who are not on treatment. Studies and interventions aiming at understanding determinants of hypertension screening and treatment uptake are much recommended.
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Porter, Gina, Kate Hampshire, Albert Abane, Alister Munthali, Elsbeth Robson, Ariane De Lannoy, Augustine Tanle, and Samuel Owusu. "Mobile phones, gender, and female empowerment in sub-Saharan Africa: studies with African youth." Information Technology for Development 26, no. 1 (May 28, 2019): 180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2019.1622500.
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Hlashwayo, Delfina F., Betuel Sigaúque, Emília V. Noormahomed, Sónia M. S. Afonso, Inácio M. Mandomando, and Custódio G. Bila. "A systematic review and meta-analysis reveal that Campylobacter spp. and antibiotic resistance are widespread in humans in sub-Saharan Africa." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): e0245951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245951.
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Introduction Campylobacter spp. are zoonotic bacteria that cause gastroenteritis in humans worldwide, whose main symptom is diarrhea. In certain cases, extra intestinal manifestations may occur, such as Guillain Barré syndrome. The bacteria cause severe diarrhea mostly in children and in immunocompromised individuals. This review aims to address the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in humans in sub-Saharan Africa. It also aims to understand the impact of HIV in the prevalence, as well as to report data on antibiotic resistance and propose research priorities. Methods We followed PRISMA guidelines to find studies on the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in humans in all countries from sub-Saharan Africa. Studies published between 2000 and 2020 were searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, African Index Medicus, African Journals Online, Google Scholar and Science Direct. We have conducted a random-effect meta-analysis and calculated the proportion of resistant isolates to different antibiotics. Results and discussion We found 77 studies that described such occurrence in humans in 20 out of 53 sub-Saharan African countries. Campylobacter jejuni was the most prevalent species. Pooled prevalence was 9.9% (CI: 8.4%–11.6%). No major variations within the different sub-regions were found. Most studies reported Campylobacter spp. as the cause of diarrhea, mainly in children. Some studies reported the bacteria as a possible etiologic agent of acute flaccid paralysis and urinary tract infection. Campylobacter spp. presented a higher pooled prevalence in HIV infected patients, although not statistically significant. High proportions of resistant strains were reported for many antibiotics, including erythromycin and tetracycline. Conclusion Campylobacter spp. occur in sub-Saharan Africa, although information is scarce or inexistent for many countries. Research priorities should include investigation of the understudied species; extra intestinal manifestations; the impact of HIV infection and associated risk factors. Control strategies should be reinforced to contain the spread of this pathogen and drug resistance.
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Pauw, Christoff M. "Traditional African Economies in Conflict With Western Capitalism." Mission Studies 14, no. 1 (1997): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338397x00121.
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AbstractThis article analyzes some of the fundamental differences between the two economic systems which have come into conflict with one another in sub-Saharan Africa: traditional African economies, based on community and communitarian ownership, and Western, capitalist-oriented economics, based on individual identity and individual rights. While the dire economic conditions prevailing in Africa have elicited various strategies and programs, a unique coping mechanism is developing within African Independent Churches. This not only poses a challenge to other churches, but may also provide alternative solutions for the problems that plague African economic growth.
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Greiner, Rosamund, Moffat Nyirenda, Lauren Rodgers, Gershim Asiki, Louis Banda, Beverley Shields, Andrew Hattersley, Amelia Crampin, Robert Newton, and Angus Jones. "Associations between low HDL, sex and cardiovascular risk markers are substantially different in sub-Saharan Africa and the UK: analysis of four population studies." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 5 (May 2021): e005222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005222.
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IntroductionLow high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is widely used as a marker of cardiovascular disease risk, although this relationship is not causal and is likely mediated through associations with other risk factors. Low HDL is extremely common in sub-Saharan African populations, and this has often been interpreted to indicate that these populations will have increased cardiovascular risk. We aimed to determine whether the association between HDL and other cardiovascular risk factors differed between populations in sub-Saharan Africa and the UK.MethodsWe compared data from adults living in Uganda and Malawi (n=26 216) and in the UK (n=8747). We examined unadjusted and adjusted levels of HDL and applied the WHO recommended cut-offs for prevalence estimates. We used spline and linear regression to assess the relationship between HDL and other cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsHDL was substantially lower in the African than in the European studies (geometric mean 0.9–1.2 mmol/L vs 1.3–1.8 mmol/L), with African prevalence of low HDL as high as 77%. Total cholesterol was also substantially lower (geometric mean 3.3–3.9 mmol/L vs 4.6–5.4 mmol/L). In comparison with European studies the relationship between HDL and adiposity (body mass index, waist to hip ratio) was greatly attenuated in African studies and the relationship with non-HDL cholesterol reversed: in African studies low HDL was associated with lower non-HDL cholesterol. The association between sex and HDL was also different; using the WHO sex-specific definitions, low HDL was substantially more common among women (69%–77%) than men (41%–59%) in Uganda/Malawi.ConclusionThe relationship between HDL and sex, adiposity and non-HDL cholesterol in sub-Saharan Africa is different from European populations. In sub-Saharan Africans low HDL is a marker of low overall cholesterol and sex differences are markedly attenuated. Therefore low HDL in isolation is unlikely to indicate raised cardiovascular risk and the WHO sex-based cut-offs are inappropriate.
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Mbaku, John Mukum. "Political Instability and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Further Evidence." Review of Black Political Economy 20, no. 4 (June 1992): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02696979.
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After more than three decades of independence, many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have not yet developed stable political systems. Since the 1960s, when African countries began to achieve independence, many of them have encountered significant levels of institutional instability. In recent years, political violence has emerged as the most common method of governmental change. In this study, the effects of political violence on economic and human development in Sub-Saharan Africa are examined. It is seen that political instability is a significant constraint to the improvement of the human condition in the region.
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Atiase, Yacoba, and Akuffo Quarde. "A call to action for osteoporosis research in sub-saharan Africa Yacoba Atiase and Akuffo Quarde." Ghana Medical Journal 54, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v54i1.8.
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Data abounds on osteoporosis in developed countries unlike developing countries, particularly those in sub-Saharan Africa. This review was done to confirm the paucity of data the authors suspected and to encourage studies in this field. AJOL (African Journals Online), MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for studies published from January 1980 to August 2018. The eligibility criteria for inclusion were observational studies evaluating osteoporosis prevalence or incidence rates of fragility fractures. Out of 1,170 articles identified, six met the eligibility criteria.
Prevalence of osteoporosis ranged from 18.2% to 65.8% across a heterogenous at-risk population. Bone mineral density assessment was limited by the measurement method, with most studies using quantitative ultrasound instead of standard bone densitometry.
From the available studies, the prevalence of osteoporosis and fragility fracture incidence may not be low in Sub-Saharan Africa; what is, however, evident is the paucity of good quality data from this region. Considering an expected aging population in sub-Saharan Africa, future research should be encouraged and aimed at clarifying the burden of this non-communicable disease. This will guide healthcare policy in this medically underserved part of Africa.
Keywords: osteoporosis, incidence, prevalence, hip fracture, fragility fracture
Funding: None declared
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Reda, Ayalu A., and Sibhatu Biadgilign. "Determinants of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV-Infected Patients in Africa." AIDS Research and Treatment 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/574656.
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Background. There are only a few comprehensive studies of adherence to ART and its challenges in Africa. This paper aims to assess the evidence on the challenges and prospects of ART adherence in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods. The authors reviewed original and review articles involving HIV-positive individuals that measured adherence to ART and its predictors in the past decade.Findings. Against expectations, sub-Saharan Africa patients have similar or higher adherence levels compared to those of developed countries. The challenges to ART adherence include factors related to patients and their families, socioeconomic factors, medication, and healthcare systems.Conclusion. Despite good adherence and program-related findings, antiretroviral treatment is challenged by a range of hierarchical and interrelated factors. There is substantial room for improvement of ART programs in sub-Sahara African countries.
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Babalola, Abidemi Babatunde. "Ancient History of Technology in West Africa: The Indigenous Glass/Glass Bead Industry and the Society in Early Ile-Ife, Southwest Nigeria." Journal of Black Studies 48, no. 5 (May 2, 2017): 501–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934717701915.
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The technology of glassmaking is complex. This complexity has been cited for the exclusion of the development of ancient glass technology from certain regions of the world, especially Africa, South of the Sahara. Thus, much of the existing scholarship on the technology of ancient glass has focused on the Middle East, Mediterranean, and Southeast and South Asia. Although the discourse on indigenous African technology has gained traction in Black studies, the study of ancient glass seems to have been left mainly in the hands of specialists in other disciplines. Drawing from archaeological and historical evidence from Ile-Ife, Southwest Nigeria, in tandem with the result of compositional analysis, this article examines the first recognized indigenous Sub-Saharan African glass technology dated to early second millennium ad or earlier. The development of the local glass recipe and the making of beads not only ushered in a social, religious, and economic transformation in Yorubaland as well as the other West African societies but also redressed the place of Sub-Saharan African in the historiographical map of ancient global technology and commerce.
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Blackstone, Sarah R., Ucheoma Nwaozuru, and Juliet Iwelunmor. "Factors Influencing Contraceptive Use in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 37, no. 2 (January 2017): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272684x16685254.
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The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature regarding factors influencing contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa between 2005 and 2015. A total of 58 studies from twelve Sub-Saharan African countries were reviewed. Keywords were grouped using the PEN-3 cultural model. Negative factors prohibiting or reducing contraceptive use were women’s misconceptions of contraceptive side–effects, male partner disapproval, and social/cultural norms surrounding fertility. Positive factors included education, employment, and communication with male partner. Increasing modern contraceptive use in Sub-Saharan Africa is a multi-faceted problem that will require community and systems wide interventions that aim to counteract negative perceptions and misinformation.
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German, G. Allen. "Mental Health in Africa: I. the Extent of Mental Health Problems in Africa Today." British Journal of Psychiatry 151, no. 4 (October 1987): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.151.4.435.
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This paper is concerned with steadily developing knowledge of the epidemiology of some psychiatric disorders in sub-Saharan Africa. The diversity of ‘Black Africa’ is noted, and preconceptions about African psychiatry briefly discussed. Problems of sociological versus clinical philosophies are also mentioned. Early estimates of prevalence of psychiatric disorder in black Africa were universally low, being based on hospital data. More recent studies, sampling diverse populations, suggest a burden of psychiatric morbidity in black Africa which is not dissimilar to that found in more developed countries, and some studies suggest that rates in Africa may even be higher than in developed countries.
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Kedidir, Mansour. "Connections of Maghrebin and Sub-Saharan Intellectuals: Trajectories and Representations." Religions 12, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12040281.
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Faced with the complex reality of their countries in the grip of multifaceted crises, the intellectuals in the Maghreb and sub-Saharan Africa are baffled. Indeed, this situation, with a wealth of lessons, ought to challenge them to reflect together on the current upheavals in their societies. Nevertheless, faced with the intricacy of current problems and their heterogeneity, these intellectuals find themselves scattered. Yet, in the past, they were bound by the same objectives. Thus, if the religious elites of the Maghreb had, during the 15th century, forged links with scholars of sub-Saharan Africa, a second wave of intellectuals succeeded them to think about the liberation of Africa and the Pan-African ideal in colonial and post-colonial contexts. However, immediately after this generation disappeared, the one that followed did not resist the disenchantment of the populations and the expansion of Arabism that influenced the formation of a generation of Maghrebin thinkers. With the bankruptcy of the socialist regimes, this hiatus heralded an era of intellectuals crumbling to the point that, with globalisation in the 21st century and the eruption of a plurality of questions, they found themselves helpless in these countries. Apart from a few attempts at building common frameworks for reflection such as those of CODESRIA or the “Esprit Panaf” pavilion at the Algiers International Book Fair, links between intellectuals from the Maghreb and sub-Saharan Africa are rare. Opposed to this type of scholars, mainly Francophone and secularised, a second type of intellectuals, rather Islamised, sharing the same representations, dominate the different spaces of the countries concerned. This paper is an attempt to explore the historical trajectory of these two types of intellectuals and then explain why, in recent decades, such a connection has marked the future of the relationship between the Maghreb and sub-Saharan Africa.
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Irishin, G. "Sub-Saharan Africa in XXIth Century: Opportunities and Risks of Development." World Economy and International Relations, no. 7 (2013): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2013-7-54-69.
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This publication presents the regular content of the scientific workshop "Modern Development Problems", which takes place in the Center for Development and Modernization Studies at IMEMO RAN. Several key problems are set up and analyzed in the report delivered at the workshop, namely: influence of globalization on social-economic processes in Sub-Saharan Africa, a concept and strategy formulation by the African elite, as well as the role of an African state and regional formations in its realization.
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Lynch-Kelly, Katharine, Matthew Singer, and Norman R. Williams. "The Landscape of Randomised Controlled Trials of Therapies in Breast Cancer in Low and Middle Income Countries." International Journal of Breast Cancer 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4259704.
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Objectives. The objectives of this study were to identify the randomised controlled trials in breast cancer occurring in low and middle income countries (LMICs) generally and within Sub-Saharan Africa specifically, to describe the current status and identify opportunities for further research in these areas. Materials and Methods. Data for this study were obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov. The search term “Breast Cancer Research” was used, and relevant information extracted and analysed. Results. 2414 trials were identified, of which 1099 were eligible for inclusion. 69 of these trials occurred in LMICs. Of the 52 LMICs globally, 30% were participating in breast cancer research. Of the 17 LMICs in Africa, 77% are situated in Sub-Saharan Africa; 23% were participating in breast cancer research, which accounted for 9% of total Sub-Saharan African studies. Conclusion. This study provides current evidence for the need for breast cancer research in LMICs globally and within Sub-Saharan Africa. Within LMIC regions where research is active, the type and numbers of studies are unevenly distributed. High quality research within such areas should be encouraged as the results may have both local and global applications, particularly in the provision of affordable health care.
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Leslie, Joanne, Elizabeth Ciemins, and Suzanne Bibi Essama. "Female Nutritional Status across the Life-Span in Sub-Saharan Africa. 1. Prevalence Patterns." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 18, no. 1 (January 1997): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659701800105.
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This article reviews and synthesizes existing nutritional studies that provide gender-disaggregated data from sub-Saharan Africa. The analytic focus is on female nutritional status across the life-span. However, it was found that available data are biased towards preschool children and women of reproductive age. As in other economically disadvantaged parts of the world, the two most prevalent nutritional deficiencies among females in sub-Saharan Africa are iron-deficiency anaemia and protein-energy malnutrition. In comparison with other regions of the world, sub-Saharan African females seem to be nutritionally better off than females in South Asia, but as malnourished as, or more malnourished than, females elsewhere. Indirect indicators of nutritional status, such as birthweight and maternal mortality, suggest that the nutritional situation of women in Western Africa is poorer than that of women in Eastern and Southern Africa. In comparison with males in sub-Saharan Africa, however, no consistent pattern of female nutritional disadvantage was found.
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Miles, William F. S. "Introduction." African Studies Review 47, no. 2 (September 2004): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002020600030857.
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The idea to convene a special forum on “Islamism in West Africa” occurred to me while attending an African Studies Association Roundtable at our meeting in Washington, D.C., in 2002. A full year had elapsed since September 11, 2001, and the onset of the U.S.-led campaign to rout the Taliban from Afghanistan. Personal post-9/11 experience in Africa, as well as the writings and communications of other colleagues, had convinced me that in certain circles throughout the continent bin Laden had unexpectedly emerged as a kind of folk hero. Just how widely the Osama rage had taken hold—whether it was a fleeting Afro-pop phenomenon or a serious political challenge—began to loom as a pressingaffaire d'état. Suddenly, black Africa was being reexamined by U.S. intelligence and media alike through the prism of potential apologists for “Islamic terrorism,” or worse. What, I wondered, would the African Muslim landscape look like by the time the African Studies Association was to reconvene in 2003? More important, what was the true state of Islamism in sub-Saharan Africa?
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Guyer, Jane I. "African Studies: A New Tradition?" Issue: A Journal of Opinion 23, no. 1 (1995): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700008969.
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Christopher Waterman quotes a Yoruba popular performer: “Our tradition is a very modern tradition.” The Study of Africa in the U.S. is a very modern tradition in several senses. In the great scale of things, it is very recent. During the presentation of a National Academy of Sciences project on The Population Dynamics of Sub-Saharan Africa last year, it was pointed out that only ten years ago the Academy had postponed work on this topic simply because the data were judged insufficient for a scientific synthesis. And it is a modern tradition in the sense of lively expansion and mutation. Most notably, over those same ten years or so the participants in both academic and non-academic study, and in popular culture, have become far more diverse.
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van den Toren, Dr Benno. "Teaching Ethics in the Face of Africa’s Moral Crisis: Reflections from a Guest." Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 30, no. 1 (January 2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265378812468405.
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Though the Christian faith has in recent years increasingly shown itself to be a truly African religion, a variety of African authors such as Kä Mana, George Kinoti, Hannah Kinoti, August Shutte and Efoé Julien Penoukou have noted that sub-Saharan Africa is facing a moral crisis. This article explores this crisis in as far as it is caused by difficulties in the reception of the (Western) Christian ethic by African Christian communities. It points out that this crisis is visible in (a) double morality, (b) immorality and (c) legalism. It shows that it is both caused by rapid social change in contemporary Africa and by the way the Christian ethic was introduced with a lack of attention for (a) the relationship between worldview and ethics, (b) the social impact of changing cultural practices and (c) the importance of virtue ethics. In this way it also points to the shape Christian moral education for present-day Africa should take.
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Odusanya, Ibrahim Abidemi, and Anthony Enisan Akinlo. "Income Inequality and Population Health in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Test of Income Inequality-Health Hypothesis." Journal of Population and Social Studies 29 (January 17, 2021): 235–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25133/jpssv292021.015.
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Existing studies have shown that income inequality remains a core determinant of population health. These findings are in line with the Income Inequality-Health Hypothesis (IIHH). However, this assertion remains unclear for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), despite the rising trend of income disparity in the region and the vastness of the studies that tested the validity of the IIHH. This inferential study, therefore, examines the effect of income inequality on health for 31 Sub-Saharan African countries from 1995 to 2015 using life expectancy at birth, infant mortality rate, and under-five mortality rate as indicators of population health, as well as the Gini index as a measurement of income inequality. The study employed the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). We infer that income inequality contributes significantly to poor population health in Sub-Saharan Africa, thereby affirming the validity of the Income Inequality-Health Hypothesis for the region.
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Treacy, Corbin. "Reframing race in the Maghreb." French Cultural Studies 29, no. 1 (January 12, 2018): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957155817738675.
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Clandestine migration across the Mediterranean is often discussed for its agitating effects on Europe’s racial anxieties; less acknowledged is the growth of intra-African racism in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. Officials in these countries have increasingly demonised sub-Saharan Africans who arrive in the Maghreb en route to Europe, and now even black North Africans describe a climate of heightened racial tension. This article analyses the ways in which black Africans are represented in the contemporary Maghreb. Specifically, I look at print and on-line journalism, novels and films that foreground questions of race to argue that Maghrebi journalists, social media activists, authors and filmmakers are critiquing racism and exposing its neo-colonial underpinnings. Their work is calling for a disciplinary realignment in North African cultural studies that focuses the field as much on ‘Africa’ as it does on ‘North’.
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Duko, B., L. M. Dana, and G. Ayano. "Psychological distress among TB patients in sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 24, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 1200–1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.20.0158.
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OBJECTIVE: To summarise the available evidence on the prevalence of psychological distress among patients with TB in sub-Saharan Africa, and suggest recommendations for future clinical practice.METHODS: We searched PubMed/Medline, SCOPUS and EMBASE databases for relevant studies. We further searched the reference lists of included studies to include other relevant studies. Cochran´s Q-statistic and the I2 test were used to compute the heterogeneity. The presence of publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of symmetry and Egger´s test.RESULTS: The pooled prevalence estimate of psychological distress among patients with TB in sub-Saharan African countries was 42.3% (95% CI 35.3–49.7). The pooled prevalence of psychological distress was 61.1% in Cameroon, 49.4% in Angola, 47.7% in Ethiopia, 34.0% in Nigeria and 29.3% in South Africa. The pooled prevalence estimate of psychological distress among patients with TB ranged from 40.1% to 43.7% in a leave-one-out-sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, the prevalence of psychological distress was higher in females when compared to males.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of psychological distress among TB patients was high. Therefore, TB programmes should integrate psychiatry services to screen and manage psychologically distressed patients.
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Abubakar, Amina, Derrick Ssewanyana, and Charles R. Newton. "A Systematic Review of Research on Autism Spectrum Disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa." Behavioural Neurology 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3501910.
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The burden of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is not well known. We carried out a systematic review of the literature to identify published work from SSA. We have systematically searched four databases, namely, Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Child Development & Adolescent Studies, through EBSCO and identified studies from across SSA. Based on predefined inclusion criteria, 47 studies were included in this review. Most of the identified studies (74%) were conducted in only 2 African countries, that is, South Africa and Nigeria. Additionally, most of these studies (83%) were carried out in the last decade. These studies had four major themes: development of measurement tools of ASD in Africa, examining the prevalence of ASD, identifying risk factors and risk markers, and examining psychosocial issues. We identified only a single population level study aimed at documenting the prevalence of ASD and could not identify a single case-control study aimed at examining a comprehensive set of potential risk factors. All intervention studies were based on very small sample sizes. Put together, our findings suggest that current evidence base is too scanty to provide the required information to plan adequately for effective intervention strategies for children with ASD in Africa.
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Irishin, G. "Sub-Saharan Africa in XXIth Century: Opportunities and Risks of Development (the end)." World Economy and International Relations, no. 8 (2013): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2013-8-95-109.
Full textAbstract:
This publication presents the regular content of the scientific workshop "Modern Development Problems", which takes place in the Center for Development and Modernization Studies at IMEMO RAN. Several key problems are set up and analyzed in the report delivered at the workshop, namely: the influence of globalization on social-economic processes in Sub-Saharan Africa, a concept and strategy formulation by the African elite, as well as the role of an African state and regional formations in its realization.
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LOTT, DEREK A. "Further studies of African Acylophorus Nordmann (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae)." Zootaxa 3168, no. 1 (January 23, 2012): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3168.1.3.
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Following examination of new material of Acylophorus from sub-Saharan Africa three new species are described: A.janaki sp. n. from South Africa, A. uhligi sp. n. from Zimbabwe, A. acufer sp. n. from Botswana and Namibia. New records are listed for all species examined. Thirty species are now recognised from the region.
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Hussen, Siraj, and Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse. "Prevalence of Syphilis among Pregnant Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." BioMed Research International 2019 (July 16, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4562385.
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Objective. Syphilis is one of the most imperative STIs, caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. During pregnancy it is associated with disastrous health outcomes in the newborn. In sub-Saharan Africa, study findings on the prevalence of syphilis among pregnant women are highly dispersed and inconsistent. The aim of the current review is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of syphilis in sub-Saharan Africa among pregnant women. Design. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data Sources. Databases including MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and HINARI and reference lists of previous prevalence studies were systematically searched for relevant literature from January 1999 to November 2018. Results were presented in forest plot, tables, and figures. Random-effects model was used for the meta-analysis. For the purpose of this review, a case of syphilis was defined as positive treponemal or nontreponemal tests among pregnant women. Data Extraction. Our search gave a total of 262 citations from all searched databases. Of these, 44 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria and comprising 175,546 subjects were finally included. Results. The pooled prevalence of syphilis among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa was 2.9% (95%CI: 2.4%-3.4%). East and Southern African regions had a higher syphilis prevalence among pregnant women (3.2%, 95% CI: 2.3%-4.2% and 3.6%, 95%CI: 2.0%-5.1%, respectively) than the sub-Saharan African pooled prevalence. The prevalence of syphilis among pregnant women in most parts of the region seemed to have decreased over the past 20 years except for the East African region. However, prevalence did not significantly differ by region and time period. Conclusion. This review showed a high prevalence of syphilis in sub-Saharan Africa among pregnant women. The evidence suggests strengthening the screening program during pregnancy as part of the care package during antenatal care visits. Programs focusing on primary prevention of syphilis in women should also be strengthened.
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TSUKUDA, Hitomi. "Duality of Citizenship Discourse in the Studies of Sub-Saharan African Education: Two Publics in Africa." Comparative Education 2017, no. 54 (2017): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5998/jces.2017.54_44.
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Malapela, Thembani. "Access to Scholarly Research Information in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review." Libri 67, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/libri-2016-0060.
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AbstractSince the year 2000, the world has witnessed an increased call for improved access to scholarly information. The cost of scholarly content is a major barrier in accessing needed research information. In order to fully contribute to the global knowledge economy, African scholars need to access both global information resources and locally published works. Few studies have focused on the African knowledge production vis-à-vis access to scholarly research information in Africa. This paper examines access to scholarly research information in sub-Saharan Africa. The review focuses on available published works on access to scientific literature in Africa and seeks to understand Africa’s scholarly publishing scene. In the process, challenges and opportunities regarding access to scholarly research information are explored. Three approaches in addressing these issues emerge in literature – namely (i) open access, (ii) donor-funded schemes and (iii) negotiated access schemes for scholarly content. This review shows that these approaches have leveraged information access to the African researchers who now have almost the same levels of access to scientific literature as their peers in the developed world. African governments, institutions, researchers and librarians still need to exploit the potential of open access. There remain, however, infrastructural issues that need to be addressed to ensure that the African scholar enjoys access to current scientific information.
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Engelbert Bain, Luchuo, Hubert Amu, and Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang. "Barriers and motivators of contraceptive use among young people in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review of qualitative studies." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): e0252745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252745.
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Background In sub-Saharan Africa, about 80% of young women either use a traditional method or do not use any form of contraception at all. The objectives of this review were to ascertain the barriers and motivators of contraceptive use among young people in Sub–Saharan Africa. Materials and methods We conducted electronic literature searches in PubMed, EMBASE, Ebsco/PsycINFO and Scopus. We identified a total of 4,457 publications and initially screened 2626 based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A total of 13 qualitative studies were retained for the final analysis based on the Joanna Briggs criteria for assessing qualitative studies. The systematic review is registered on PROSPERO with identifier CRD42018081877. Results Supportive social networks, respect for privacy and confidentiality, ready availability, affordability and accessibility of contraceptives, as well as the desire to prevent unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections were the motivators of contraceptive use among young people in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite these motivators, myriad of personal, societal, and health systems-based barriers including myths and misconceptions, known side effects of contraceptives, prohibitive social norms, and negative attitude of health professionals were the major barriers to contraceptive use among young people. Conclusion Sub-Saharan African countries with widespread barriers to contraceptive use among young people may not be able to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 3.8 target of achieving health for all by the year 2030. Interventions intended to improve contraceptive use need to be intersectoral and multi-layered, and designed to carefully integrate the personal, cultural, organizational and political dimensions of contraception.