Academic literature on the topic 'African, Sub-Saharan'
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Journal articles on the topic "African, Sub-Saharan"
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Somerville, Carolyn. "Pensée 2: The “African” in Africana/Black/African and African American Studies." International Journal of Middle East Studies 41, no. 2 (2009): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743809090606.
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In Pensée 1, “Africa on My Mind,” Mervat Hatem questions the perceived wisdom of creating the African Studies Association (focused on sub-Saharan Africa) and the Middle East Studies Association a decade later, which “institutionalized the political bifurcation of the African continent into two academic fields.” The cleaving of Africa into separate and distinct parts—a North Africa/Middle East and a sub-Saharan Africa—rendered a great disservice to all Africans: it has fractured dialogue, research, and policy while preventing students and scholars of Africa from articulating a coherent understanding of the continent.
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Ugwuanyi, J. U., and Chukwudi Obinne. "Promoting Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa." Outlook on Agriculture 27, no. 1 (1998): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709802700109.
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Access to adequate food constitutes the most serious problem for most African households today. Low productivity rapid population growth, food aid and food importation, structural adjustment programmes, illiteracy, environmental degradation, poorly formulated and executed food policies, wars and political instability are among the factors held responsible for food insecurity and food inadequacy in Sub-Saharan Africa. The promotion of food security and improvement of living conditions of the African people should form the core of development programmes in Africa for years to come. Therefore, policy reversals are urgently needed to put Africa on the path of development, and a cooperative regionalism is advocated. Africans both at home and in the diaspora must collectively assume the responsibility for the advancement of African agriculture and economy.
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Amadou, Akilou, and Tchamsé Aronda. "Structural transformation in sub-Saharan Africa." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 11, no. 2 (2020): 233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-06-2019-0236.
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PurposeRecent works on the structural transformation of developing countries usually include only a few countries because of the availability of data. Beyond the resulting lack of representativeness, these works also hit a strong disparity between the labour reallocation patterns of sub-regions. This paper devoted to sub-Saharan Africa, evaluates the performance of sub-Saharan Africa, as a whole, in structural transformation using a more exhaustive database and highlights key disparities that exist between the performances of sub-Saharan African sub-regions.Design/methodology/approachWith a database covering 43 sub-Saharan African countries classified into 4 sub-regions, the paper uses the shift-share method over the period 1991–2012 with sub-periods of 1991–2000 and 2000–2012.FindingsResults show that labour reallocation in sub-Saharan Africa occurred, though weakly, towards more productive activities over the period 1991–2012. Results also show a significant disparity between sub-regions' labour reallocation pattern. While East Africa has experienced a labour reallocation towards more productive activities, West Africa has seen a labour reallocation towards activities experiencing an increase in productivity. Central Africa and Southern Africa experienced a labour reallocation towards less productive activities, and these activities know, moreover, a decrease of productivity.Practical implicationsFindings suggest that any political strategy purposing to coordinate structural transformation in sub-Saharan Africa will result in a failure if countries' peculiarities are not taken into account.Originality/valueThis paper offers a representative picture of sub-Saharan Africa's structural transformation and illustrates disparities between its sub-regions' performances.
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Jones, Terry-Ann. "Sub-Saharan African Migration to South Africa." Proceedings of the African Futures Conference 2, no. 1 (2018): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2573-508x.2018.tb000028.x.
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Appiah-Kubi, Seth Nana Kwame, Karel Malec, Sandra Boatemaa Kutin, et al. "Foreign Ownership in Sub-Saharan Africa: Do Governance Structures Matter?" Sustainability 12, no. 18 (2020): 7698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187698.
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It has been widely argued that governance structures have roles in the predominance of foreign ownership in Sub-Saharan African countries. Our paper sought to challenge this conventional wisdom by investigating the ways in which country-level governance structures influenced the predominance of foreign holdings in Sub-Saharan African countries for the period 2010–2015. The study used panel sampling annual data from thirty countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) as our discussion estimators. Our statistical results reveal that there is a significant positive relationship between government effectiveness and the predominance of foreign ownership in Sub-Saharan African countries. Furthermore, foreign ownership predominates in Sub-Saharan African economies that have sound political stability and embrace effective and efficient regulations. Moreover, the relationship between corruption and the prevalence of foreign ownership is negative but significant. However, the rule of law, and voice and accountability, are insignificant to the predominance of foreign ownership in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our results suggest that governments in Sub-Saharan Africa should adopt robust and efficacious measures, strengthen their policies and institutions to promote the control of corruption, provide quality regulations, and minimize political violence.
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Coleman, Katharina P. "Innovations in ‘African solutions to African problems’: the evolving practice of regional peacekeeping in sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 49, no. 4 (2011): 517–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x11000462.
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ABSTRACTThree critical trends in the evolving practice of regional peacekeeping in sub-Saharan Africa have undermined the usefulness of the common conceptual dichotomy between regional peacekeeping and UN/global peacekeeping. First, sub-Saharan African states have distanced themselves from long-term autonomous regional peacekeeping, and currently favour explicitly interim missions that are a prelude rather than an alternative to UN peacekeeping. Second, the analytically clear line between regional peacekeeping and the separate sub-Saharan African tradition of solidarity deployments (i.e. military support of embattled governments) has in practice become blurred, and the regional vs global peacekeeping dichotomy not only fails to acknowledge this trend but helps to obscure it. Finally, sub-Saharan African states are increasingly addressing regional conflicts by participating in UN operations deployed in the region. UN peacekeeping has thus emerged as a preferred form of regional peacekeeping in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Tomala, Justyna, Mateusz Mierzejewski, Maria Urbaniec, and Sergio Martinez. "Towards Sustainable Energy Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Challenges and Opportunities." Energies 14, no. 19 (2021): 6037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196037.
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Sub-Saharan Africa is considered a region with enormous economic and demographic potential. One of the main challenges it faces, included in the “Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want, implemented by the African Union”, is to provide access to electricity. Currently, 600 million inhabitants of the African continent do not have access to electricity, which is a significant limiting factor for further economic growth and socio-economic development. Moreover, the measures taken by individual Sub-Saharan African countries appear insufficient in the face of rapid population growth. The aim of the article is to analyse the opportunities and challenges of the development of Sub-Saharan Africa’s energy sector. This raises the following research question: to what extent can a sustainable energy transition be achieved in sub-Saharan African countries to ensure access to electricity? The study used Ward’s hierarchical clustering method, classification and regression tree analysis, and the distance-weighted least squares method. The results show that the level of development of the energy sector in the individual countries of Sub-Saharan Africa varies greatly. Moreover, the Sub-Saharan African region is exposed to the effects of climate change, which also affects the development of the energy sector and whether or not access to electricity can be ensured. The study contributes to assessments of the adaptive capacity and transformative potential of the energy sector in Sub-Saharan Africa. This is particularly important for achieving the Sustainable Development Goal 7, which relates to building more robust and efficient systems, as well as implementing diversified energy sources. This research is crucial to bridge the energy access gap and build a resilient and sustainable economy in Sub-Saharan Africa countries.
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Poesche, Jurgen. "Coloniality in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas." Journal of Developing Societies 35, no. 3 (2019): 367–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x19868317.
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The objective of this article is to contribute to the development of a common narrative on coloniality in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas. Since scholars tend to focus on either Sub-Saharan Africa or the Americas, a gap between these important regions has emerged in the literature on coloniality. This article seeks to bridge this gap by providing a comparative perspective on coloniality, and this hopefully will enhance Indigenous African nations’ and Indigenous American nations’ understanding of what needs to be done to overcome coloniality. The article explores three key theses. First, in spite of the differences in the extant societal power structures in the postcolonial African states and the former settler colonial states in the Americas, this article argues that the continued dynamics of coloniality are similar in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas. The minority status of Indigenous American nations throughout the Americas renders addressing coloniality more challenging than in Sub-Saharan Africa where Indigenous African nations are in the majority although they generally do not have effective sovereignty. Second, the extant societal power structures associated with both coloniality and occidental modernity have weaponized occidental jurisprudence, natural science and social science to defend and proliferate the status quo assisted by state sovereignty. Addressing coloniality effectively therefore requires a renaissance of Indigenous African and Indigenous American cosmovisions unaffected by modernity. Third, addressing coloniality in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas requires the recognition of the comprehensive and supreme sovereignty of the Indigenous African nations in all of Sub-Saharan Africa, and Indigenous American nations in all of the Americas.
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Beintema, Nienke M., and Gert-Jan Stads. "Sub-Saharan African Agricultural Research." Outlook on Agriculture 33, no. 4 (2004): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/0000000042664774.
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Musavengane, Regis, Pius Siakwah, and Llewellyn Leonard. "“Does the poor matter” in pro-poor driven sub-Saharan African cities? towards progressive and inclusive pro-poor tourism." International Journal of Tourism Cities 5, no. 3 (2019): 392–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-05-2019-0057.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to question the extent to which Sub-Saharan African cities are progressing towards promoting pro-poor economies through pro-poor tourism (PPT). It specifically examines how African cities are resilient towards attaining sustainable urban tourism destinations in light of high urbanization. Design/methodology/approach The methodological framework is interpretive in nature and qualitative in an operational form. It uses meta-synthesis to evaluate the causal relationships observed within Sub-Saharan African pro-poor economies to enhance PPT approaches, using Accra, Ghana, Johannesburg, South Africa, and Harare, Zimbabwe, as case studies. Findings Tourism development in Sub-Saharan Africa has been dominantly underpinned by neoliberal development strategies which threaten the sustainability of tourism in African cities. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to three Sub-Saharan African countries. Further studies may need to be done in other developing countries. Practical implications It argues for good governance through sustainability institutionalization which strengthens the regulative mechanisms, processes and organizational culture. Inclusive tourism approaches that are resilient-centered have the potential to promote urban tourism in Sub-Saharan African cities. These findings contribute to the building of strong and inclusive Institutions for Sustainable Development in the Sub-Saharan African cities to alleviate poverty. Social implications These findings contribute to the building of strong and inclusive institutions for sustainable development in the Sub-Saharan African cities to alleviate poverty. Originality/value The “poor” are always within the communities, and it takes a community to minimise the impact of poverty among the populace. The study is conducted at a pertinent time when most African government’s development policies are pro-poor driven. Though African cities provide opportunities of growth, they are regarded as centres of high inequality.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "African, Sub-Saharan"
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Likoti, Fako Johnson. "African military intervention in African conflicts: an analysis of military intervention in Rwanda, the DRC and Lesotho." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4006_1182235430.
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<p>The dissertation examines three military interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa which took place in the mid and late 1990s in Rwanda, the DRC and Lesotho. These interventions took place despite high expectations of international and regional peace on the part of most analysts after the collapse of cold war in 1989. However, interstate and intrastate conflicts re-emerged with more intensity than ever before, and sub-Saharan Africa proved to be no exception.</p>
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The study sets out to analyse the motives and/or causes of military interventions in Rwanda in 1990, the DRC in 1996-7, and the DRC military rebellion and the Lesotho intervention in 1998. In analysing these interventions, the study borrows extensively from the work of dominant security theorists of international relations, predominantly realists who conceptualise international relations as a struggle for power and survival in the anarchic world. The purpose of this analysis is fourfold<br>firstly, to determine the reasons for military interventions and the extent to which these interventions were conducted on humanitarian grounds<br>secondly, to investigate the degree to which or not intervening countries were spurred by their national interests<br>thirdly, to assess the roles of international organisations like Southern African Development Community (SADC), the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) and the United Nations, in facilitating these interventions<br>as well as to evaluate the role of parliaments of intervening countries in authorising or not these military interventions in terms of holding their Executives accountable. In this context, the analysis argues that the intervening countries<br>Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Chad, Namibia, Rwanda, Sudan, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe appeared to have used intervention as a realist foreign policy tool in the absence of authorisation from the United Nations and its subordinate bodies such as the OAU and SADC.</p>
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Modiba, Matome. "Strategies of South African banks expanding into Sub-Saharan Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30460.
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The Sub-Saharan African economic environment has experienced growth in the last two decades. This has led to capital inflows into the continent, which has meant that multinational companies have entered the market in search of growth and capital. Due to this, multiple banks have expanded their operations throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. The role that banks play on the African continent is vital as they provide a reliable conduit for capital to enter the market while also promoting economic growth in the countries in which they operate. As one of the largest economies on the continent, South Africa is home to the largest banks in Africa, many which have expanded their operations into the continent. This dissertation is a qualitative case study focusing on the expansion strategies used by some of the South African banks that expanded into SSA. The dissertation aimed to understand which entry strategies led to successful expansions, how the banks defined the success of the expansion as well as what challenges the banks experienced. The dissertation found that successful expansions are driven by the appetite, persistence and level of conviction within the organisation about their expansion strategy. The more consistent and ardent the financial intuition is regarding their strategy, the higher the possibility of achieving a successful expansion. The level of management and organisational support for the strategy, as well as the number of operations the institution established played a role. The financial investment that the organisation undertook for the expansion was also an important factor for success.
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Duursma, Allard. "African solutions to African challenges : explaining the role of legitimacy in mediating civil wars in Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:054ebfd1-ee08-4dee-b694-cb462361fece.
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The current scholarly literature on the international mediation of armed conflicts predominantly draws on a rationalist-materialist perspective. This perspective suggests that the ticket to mediation success is the material manipulation of the bargaining environment by third parties with a high degree of economic and military resources. In this dissertation I argue against those that highlight material power when explaining outcomes of international mediation processes. Indeed, this dissertation shows that legitimacy, far more than capacity, determines outcomes of mediation. The reason why legitimacy matters so much is that if a mediator has legitimacy, it can continue to look for a mutual satisfactory outcome and try to pull the conflict parties towards compliance, but if a mediator loses legitimacy, no amount of material resources will prove sufficient in mediating the conflict. In other words, material capacity in the form of economic and military resources may be useful to successfully mediate a conflict, but it is rarely sufficient. Through scrutinising international mediation processes in civil wars in Africa, I develop a theory that explains how mediators are effective because of a high degree of legitimacy rather than military or economic capacity. More specifically, I show how legitimacy matters through comparing the effectiveness of African and non-African third parties. African third parties are typically referred to as ineffective because of a low degree of economic and military capacity. However, African third parties are effective in mediating civil wars in Africa because of a high degree of legitimacy, which is a result of a strong conviction within the African society of states that African mediation is the most desirable type of mediation in conflicts in Africa. Drawing on data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program supplemented with unique data, which together cover all mediation efforts in Africa between 1960 and 2012, I find quantitative evidence supporting the effectiveness of African third parties. Compared to non-African third parties, African third parties are far more likely to conclude peace agreements and these peace agreements are more likely to be durable. Two case studies, in which several mediation efforts in civil wars in Sudan are examined, further probe the causal mechanisms that I put forward to explain the effectiveness of African mediation. While I do not claim causal generalisability on the basis of these two case studies, the mediation efforts in Sudan nevertheless suggest that third party legitimacy is central to mediation success. This is the first systematic study that compares African and non-African mediation efforts. Theoretically, this study deviates from much of the literature that solely puts forward rationalist-materialist explanations of mediation success. By bringing legitimacy to the forefront, this dissertation overcomes key limitations in the current mediation literature, in which material sources of power are emphasised and social structures are ignored.
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Gichenje, Helene. "The impact of official development assistance on African agriculture." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24007.
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An aggregate agricultural production function (a pooled covariance model) based on the metaproduction approach, was estimated using cross section, time series data for 32 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) covering the 1970-1993 period to evaluate the effect of foreign aid on agricultural production. The Almon lag structure of the foreign aid (Official Development Assistance) variable was specified to account for the effect of foreign aid over time. The results support the hypothesis that the aggregate effect of aid on agricultural production in SSA is positive. The marginal effect of foreign aid in SSA is calculated to be $0.14 which can be interpreted to mean that a one dollar increase in aid in each of the past six years would be expected to increase the value of agricultural output by 14 cents in the current year.<br>There is a great variation in the effect of foreign aid on agricultural production when countries are classified according to agro-climatic region, income level and policy environment. Excluding Eastern and Southern Africa where the effect of aid is negative, the marginal effect of foreign aid ranges from $0.40 in Sudano-Sahel to $1.32 in Central Africa. The marginal effect of foreign aid is larger in middle income countries as compared to high income countries; it is negative in low income countries. The effect of aid is positive and significant in countries classified under a favourable policy environment but negative and insignificant in countries classified under an unfavourable policy environment. The structural adjustment dummy variable is positive and significant in most regressions indicating that structural adjustment programs have been beneficial to agriculture in most Sub-Saharan African countries.
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Zhang, Zeya. "Essays on Development in Sub-Saharan African Countries." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101898.
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As one of the fastest growing regions in the world, crop production and education remain two of the most important topics for the development of sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. This dissertation is composed of three chapters that investigate the economic returns to education (Chapter 1 and 2) and assess the policy influence on fertilizer usage (Chapter 3) in two SSA countries, Zimbabwe and Ethiopia.
Chapter 1 investigates the casual impact of improved educational attainment on household well-being as reflected by consumption level in Zimbabwe. We use the age-specific exposure to the 1980 education reform as the instrument for the household head educational attainment to identify the economic returns to education. We find that an extra year of household head schooling leads to an 8% increase in per capita household consumption on average when using the multiple rounds of the Income, Consumption and Expenditure Survey (ICES). The impact of enhanced education on household consumption is larger for rural and female-headed households and we also find some evidence that head educational attainment could affect consumption patterns, where additional schooling leads to slightly lower consumption share in food and higher share in non-durable goods.
Chapter 2 extends this topic by utilizing a pseudo panel data constructed with multiple waves of repeated cross-sectional data, which allows us to use fixed-effect and other panel data methods to address the problem of unobserved "ability" bias. For pseudo panel, we use age, gender and some other time-persistent criterions to define the cohorts and replace the individual observations with the intra-cohort means. Individual time-invariant factors that influencing both education and consumption are transformed into cohort time-invariant factors, within transformation on the pseudo panel would eliminate such factors leads to achieve unbiased and consistent estimates on the returns to education. We find on average there is a 14% increase in monthly household per capita consumption for each one more year of education for the household head. By further disaggregating our population, we find female-headed households exhibit a return to education of around 15.3%, much higher than its corresponding OLS/IV estimates. On the other hand, we fail to detect such large discrepancy for the male-headed households, suggesting that the overall downward bias of OLS/IV estimates mostly come from female-headed households. Facing significant higher opportunity cost, Zimbabwean females are much less likely to furthering their education when compared to males with similar unobserved ability level which can be one of the major underlying reasons.
Chapter 3 investigates the potential effect of fertilizer promotion polices on crop acreage and input intensities in Ethiopia. We use a fully calibrated multi-input and -output model based on the principle of positive mathematical programming (PMP) to assess the policy impact in four major agricultural states in the country. I analyze two policies designed to promote fertilizer use, namely fertilizer import expansion and a universal subsidy program. The results from the simulation model suggest that local farmers actively respond to these promotion policies by adjusting crop acreage and investing more in fertilizer input. However, when the availability of fertilizer in one region is fixed and local farmers face a binding constraint, the behavior responses to the subsidy program alone would be limited.<br>Doctor of Philosophy<br>Education and food production are two of the most important issues when we study the development in Sub-Saharan African countries, which are among the fastest developing regions in the world. The dissertation is composed of three manuscripts, aiming to evaluate the economic returns to education and the impact of fertilizer promotion policies in two of the SSA countries, Zimbabwe and Ethiopia. Chapter 1 investigates the returns to education as reflected by household consumption and finds significant positive effect of enhanced education on household well-being. We also find such effect is larger for rural and female-headed households which shed light on the policy of more public investment targeting female and rural education in developing countries. Chapter 2 further extends this topic by combining multiple rounds of survey data and finds larger educational effects on household consumption compared to the results in Chapter 1. Female household heads, facing more barriers in attaining higher education, are an important cause of the higher estimates of returns found in this chapter. Chapter 3 investigates how potential fertilizer promotion polices would affect the regional level of choices on crop acreage and fertilizer input intensities in the major agricultural states in Ethiopia. It finds local farmers will actively adjust their land and fertilizer inputs when facing a fertilizer import expansion in combined with a universal fertilizer subsidy program.
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Dray, James Daniel. "Voter turnout in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b4889265-1bae-45cc-b12a-4fa92d441800.
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This thesis addresses the question of who votes in Africa and why. It uses three sets of quantitative data at three different levels to test its claims: an original compilation of national level institutional and socioeconomic indicators for over 700 elections from independence until 2006 compiled by the author; the Afrobarometer survey of almost 50 000 voters in 17 multiparty African regimes; and the first ever purpose-built survey aimed at testing rational choice turnout models in an African case study, which was designed, administered and analysed by the author in 2005 in Durban, South Africa. It uses a mixture of statistical methods to test comprehensively the determinants of voting in pooled and multilevel, logistic and linear, individual and national level models. It finds that the central claims of the rational choice model do not generally apply in African elections. Both the closeness of the election and the costs of participation are not found to be central to the voting calculus of African voters. Instead those citizens who face the highest barriers to participation in the West: the rural, poor and minimally educated, are the citizens who vote most in Africa. The thesis argues that this is because turnout in Africa is mobilised turnout and these are the groups of people targeted by mobilising agents. It further finds that three central institutions of African politics; ethnicity, clientelism and regime type further structure patterns of mobilisation in ways that have been entirely neglected in studies of turnout until now. Finally, it confirms that voting is habitual and that voters are socialised by formative experiences in their youth, especially the nature of the regime that they grow up in and how democratic they think the country is.
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Khumalo, Mahlomola. "How South African banking sector facilitates South African foreign direct investment into Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/8445.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Currently, South Africa is a leading intra-continental foreign direct investor in Africa, in
general, and in Sub-Saharan Africa, in particular. The internationalisation of South African
enterprises has throughout the period following the advent of the new dispensation in 1994
assumed two forms: banking and non-banking cross-border expansions. These cross-border
expansions have largely involved greenfield, merger and acquisition and joint venture types
of investment. Increased trade between South Africa and the region and huge business and
investment opportunities have been the pre-eminent motive forces behind the country's nonbanking
and banking foreign direct investment drive into Sub-Saharan Africa.
A number of studies have been conducted about South African general outward foreign
direct investment, but none so specifically about the involvement of the South African
multinational banks in this cross-border expansion by the country's multinational firms. In fact,
no obvious and composite information is readily available about the "how" aspect of the
involvement. It is the objective of this study therefore to investigate "how" South African
banks with multinational behaviour have facilitated and continue to facilitate the way for
South African foreign direct investment in Sub-Saharan Africa.
The outcome of the research effort makes for an interesting discovery that demonstrates how
South African banks indeed facilitate South African outward FDI flows into the Sub-Saharan
region. A case study illustration in this research report clearly shows that banks, driven by
their own foreign direct investment interests, were simultaneously facilitating and driving nonbanking
foreign direct investment in the region. Benefits and costs are also accruing to firms
and countries (host country and home country to a lesser degree) involved in the crossborder
investment activities.
South African outward foreign direct investment, although very important to Sub-Saharan
Africa, has serious challenges to contend with in the region. Pockets of conflict and instability
in some countries with lucrative opportunities continue to bedevil South African foreign direct
investment. Policy and regulatory environments in some countries still remain to be a
downside for the attraction of South African outward foreign direct investment, including
banking foreign direct investment. Interestingly, South African govemment is keenly involved
to ensure that trade and investment in Sub-Saharan Africa flow uninterruptedly without
prejudicing any party.
Trade and investment opportunities are indeed the key motives for South African outward
foreign direct investment into Sub-Saharan Africa. The ''follow-your-client'' paradigm is largely
responsible for the South African multinational banks' drive across the border into the region.
This ''follow-your-client'' concept in the South Africa foreign direct investment context and
other related concepts must be further researched in much greater detail and wider
approach. But this does not take away the essence and significance of this study which,
amongst other things, provides a good foundation for future research undertakings.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Huidiglik is Suid-Afrika die voorstander in die intra-kontinentale vaste buitelandse
investering in Afrika in die algemeen en spesifiek in Sub-Sahara Afrika. Die
internasionalisering van Suid-Afrikaanse besighede het na 1994 twee vorme aangeneem,
t.w. die uitbreiding van bank- en nie-bankinvestering. Die uitbreiding sluit in samesmeltings
en venootskappe van investeringsgeleenthede. Verhoogde handel, investeringsgeleenthede
en besigheid tussen Suid-Afrika en Sub-Sahara Afrika was die dryfkrag agter
die land se vaste buitelandse beleggings.
Aigemene studies is gedoen van Suid-Afrikaanse buitelandse beleggings, maar niks so
spesifiek soos die samewerking van Suid-Afrikaanse banke met die banke van buitelandse
multinasionale firmas nie. Daar is geen inligting vrylik bekombaar oor die 'hoe' van die
buitelandse beleggings nie.
Die doel van hierdie studie is om juis te bepaal hoe Suid-Afrikaanse banke tans en op die
pad vorentoe te werk gaan om vaste buitelandse investerings met multinasionale
besighede in Sub-Sahara Afrika uit te brei.
'n Teoretiese grondslag van die debat, definisies en begrip van die konsep "vaste
buitelandse investering" vorm deel van die ondersoek, waar beide primere en sekondere
data gebruik is.
Moeite is gedoen om te verseker dat die data en inligting wat gebruik is, gebaseer is op
die "global research methodology", wat insluit vraelyste en elektroniese onderhoude.
Hierdie terugvoering wys daarop dat Suid-Afrikaanse banke inderdaad pro-aktief is in die
veld van uitwaardse vaste beleggings in die Sub-Sahara area. Banke doen nie net hul eie
vaste buitelandse investerings nie, maar fasiliteer dit vir nie-bank vaste buitelandse
beleggings. Dit lei tot voordele en kostebesparings vir firmas in die proses van
beleggingsaktiwiteite.
Alhoewel Suid-Afrikaanse vaste beleggings belangrik is vir ander Afrikastate, is daar ook
heelwat slaggate om in ag te neem. Onstabiliteite in lande met aansienlike
investeringspotensiaal maak dit moeilik vir Suid-Afrika om te investeer. In baie lande het
reels en regulasies nog steeds 'n negatiewe invloed op buitelandse investerings, wat
banke insluit.
Handel en beleggingsgeleenthede is die motief vir Suid-Afrikaanse investering in SubSahara
lande. Die gesegde "follow your client" is die dryfkrag agter die Suid-Afrikaanse
banke om te investeer. Daar moet meer ondersoek gedoen word oor die "follow your
client" konsep. Hierdie verslag is dus slegs 'n begin punt waarop daar uitgebrei moet word
deur verdere ondersoeke.
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Kufuor, Nana Kwabena. "Essays on sub-optimal fiscal policy responses in sub-Saharan African countries." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12907/.
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The actions of governments are instrumental in economic development, and an important lever of policy is fiscal policy. Taxation and spending cannot only promote economic development but inhibit progress and retard the process, and nowhere is this most evident than in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), which is the focus of this study. Promoting economic development therefore requires that policies that inhibit the process are identified and addressed. In this light, this thesis investigates two common features of fiscal policy in developing countries that may slow down economic development: the first is that government consumption is pro-cyclical even though increasing (reducing) spending in response to increases (decreases) in income worsens income fluctuations. The second feature is that the budget deficit (budget balance) increases (decreases) in response to aid inflows. We address the issue of pro-cyclical government consumption in two stages: in the first stage a coefficient of cyclicality of government consumption is obtained for each of the sample countries using an improved (equilibrium-correction) specification. Variation in these coefficients across countries is then explained within a cross-section specification in the second stage. We conclude that credit constraint and political distortion are significant determinants of pro-cyclical government consumption. However, they are not the underlying reason why pro-cyclicality of government consumption increases with income uncertainty as existing explanation has it. Rather, the latter is the result of actions taken by the government to remain solvent in economic downturns. We investigate the aid-budget deficit relationship in three parts: the first part re-visits the past evidence, using more recent data, improved methods and a sample consisting of only SSA countries. We find that, consistent with past evidence, countries with larger budget deficits receive more aid and aid induces larger deficits. However, the effect of aid on the budget deficit has improved in recent times. This suggests that, contrary to existing explanation, giving more aid to countries with larger budget deficits is not the reason why aid induces larger deficits. Rather, we show in the second part that there is a divergence in the cross-section and within-country (year-to-year) dimensions of aid determination and the effect of aid depends on the latter: aid induces smaller deficits in countries where decreases in the budget deficit are associated with increased inflows of aid over time. Finally, we use a new approach to vector equilibrium-correction models (VECMs) to investigate the relationship between aid inflows and the fiscal aggregates that underlie the contrasting aid-budget deficit relationship across countries; we use Ghana (where the relationship is negative) and Zambia (where it is positive) as case studies. We conclude that aid induces lower deficits when year-to-year disbursements are conditioned on decreases in total expenditure and domestic borrowing. Even though aid inflows attracted by increased expenditure may still induce lower deficits, the magnitude of the decrease in expenditure is over-whelmed by the initial increase that attracted aid in the first place. We therefore conclude that to induce substantial deficit reductions, aid should be conditioned on decreased expenditure and domestic borrowing, or better still on reduced deficits. Thus, budget conditions are effective when enforced.
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Agulanna, Christopher. "Informed Consent in Sub-Saharan African Communal Culture: The." Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11963.
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<p>Some scholars argue that the principle of voluntary informed consent is rooted in the Western ethos of liberal individualism; that it would be difficult to implement this requirement in societies where the norms of decision-making emphasize collective rather than individual decision-making (for example, Sub-Saharan Africa); that it would amount to “cultural imperialism” to seek to implement the principle of voluntary informed consent in non-Western societies. This thesis rejects this skepticism about the possibility of implementing the informed consent requirement in non-Western environments and argues that applying the principle of voluntary informed consent in human subjects’ research in Sub-Saharan African communal culture could serve as an effective measure to protect vulnerable subjects from possible abuses or exploitations. The thesis proposes the “multi-step” approach to informed consent as the best approach to the implementation of the principle in the African communal setting. The thesis argues that the importance of the “multi-step” approach lies in the fact that it is one that is sensitive to local culture and customs. On the question of whether the principle of voluntary informed consent should be made compulsory in research, the thesis answers that we have no choice in the matter.</p>
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Ngwenya, Nomfundo Xenia. "State-private sector-civil-society partnerships and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) : a South African response." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52461.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As the regional arm of the United Nations in Africa, the United Nations Economic
Commission for Africa (ECA) is faced with the challenge of conforming to the broader
agenda of its mother body while it simultaneously strives to be seen to devise solutions
that are unique to Africa's development needs. This means that the ECA needs to find a
way of striking a balance between the demands of international development trends and
the viability of such trends for Africa.
The United Nations, similarly to other influential multilateral institutions like the World
Bank, has moved into the 21st century with the 'partnerships approach' to development.
The central idea behind these partnerships is that of promoting active participation
between the state, the private sector and civil society in contributing towards
development. What this means, therefore, is that development is no longer viewed as the
sole responsibility of the state, but rather calls for a closer working relationship between
these three sectors. Given the fact that these sectors are at different levels of
development in many African countries, with some countries not even having an active
civil society, private sector or even a strong state, the ECA has to make sense of what
exactly partnerships mean for Africa.
This study is based on an understanding that if the ECA wishes to have an impact on the
African continent, it will have to engage its Member States in order to develop a common
idea and approach to the conceptualisation and implementation of partnerships in Africa.
In light of this background, this study focuses on South Africa as a Member State of the
ECA and one of a few countries that have a strong civil society and developed private
sector. What is also significant about South Africa is the fact that a number of significant
initiatives that involve both state and non-state actors have been evident in the period
since the first democratic elections of 1994, thus allowing for an informed response from
representatives of the different sectors. A South African response has thus been compiled from the six interviews that were conducted, two with representatives from each of the
three sectors.
Following from the responses, the study makes recommendations as to how the ECA can
playa leading role in promoting partnerships in Africa.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Verenigde Nasies se Ekonomiese Kommissie vir Afrika (EKA), 'n
streeksvertakking van die Verenigde Nasies in Afrika, staan gedurig voor die
uitdaging om te konformeer met die breër agenda van die moederorganisasie, maar
streef terselfdertyd daarna om spesifieke antwoorde te vind vir Afrika se unieke
ontwikkelingsbehoeftes. Dit beteken dat die EKA 'n middeweg tussen die eise van
internasionale ontwikkelingstendense en die toepaslikheid daarvan in Afrika moet
vind.
Net soos die Wêreldbank en ander invloedryke internasionale instansies, is die
Verenigde Nasies se benadering tot ontwikkeling in die een en twintigste eeu geskoei
op 'n vennootskapsbasis. Die onderliggende oogmerk van dié benadering is die
aanmoediging van aktiewe bydraes tot ontwikkeling deur die staat, privaatsektor en
burgerlike samelewing. Derhalwe beteken dit dat ontwikkeling nie meer gesien word
as die uitsluitlike verantwoordelikheid van die staat nie, maar eerder as 'n funksie van
samewerking tussen die drie bogenoemde sektore. Aangesien baie Afrika state hulself
op verskillende vlakke van ontwikkeling bevind, tesame met die feit dat sommige nie
oor 'n aktiewe burgerlike samelewing, private sektor, of selfs 'n sterk staat beskik nie,
is dit die taak van die EKA om gestalte te gee aan die konsep van 'vennootskappe'
binne 'n Afrika konteks.
Hierdie studie gaan uit vanaf die standpunt dat die EKA alleenlik 'n impak sal hê as
lidstate betrek word om 'n gemeenskaplike verstandhouding en benadering tot die
konsepsualisering en implimentering van vennootskappe in Afrika te ontwikkel. In
die lig van bogenoemde, fokus die studie op Suid-Afrika, as EKA lidstaat en een van
'n paar Afrika state met 'n sterk burgerlike samelewing en goed ontwikkelde
privaatsektor. 'n Verdere belangrike dimensie in die geval van Suid-Afrika, is die
aantal belangrike inisiatiewe wat gesamentlik tussen staats- en nie-staatsinstansies
sedert 1994 aangepak is. Hierdie inisiatiewe het verseker dat verteenwoordigers van
alle sektore 'n ingeligte benadering tot besluite rakende die ontwikkeling van die
streek kon volg. Vir die doeleindes van hierdie projek is ses onderhoude gevoer -
twee per sektor - ten einde 'n beter begrip te kry van die land se benadering tot
vennootskappe in diens van ontwikkeling. As 'n uitvloeisel van hierdie studie, word 'n aantal aanbevelings gemaak oor hoe die
EKA 'n leidende rol kan speel in die aanmoediging van vennootskappe in Afrika.
Books on the topic "African, Sub-Saharan"
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Adésínà, ’Jìmí O., ed. Social Policy in Sub-Saharan African Context. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230590984.
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African higher education policy: A survey of sub-Saharan Africa : education and sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa. International Scholars Publications, 1998.
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Mistry, Percy S. African debt: The case for relief for Sub-Saharan Africa. Oxford International Associates, 1989.
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Fund, International Monetary. The Sub-Saharan African debt problem: An update. International Monetary Fund, 1992.
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Briffaut, Jean-Pierre, George Iden, Peter Hayward, et al. Financial Sector Development in Sub-Saharan African Countries. International Monetary Fund, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781557757586.084.
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IMF. African Dept. Regional Economic Outlook, April 2007: Sub-Saharan African. International Monetary Fund, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781589066397.086.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "African, Sub-Saharan"
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Haggblade, Steven. "Sub-Saharan African Agriculture." In Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics. Springer Netherlands, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1179-9_245.
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Haggblade, Steven. "Sub-Saharan African Agriculture." In Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics. Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6167-4_245-1.
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Haggblade, Steven. "Sub-Saharan African Agriculture." In Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Ethics. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0929-4_245.
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Ludovic, S. J., Lado Tonlieu. "Religion and Peacebuilding in Sub-Saharan Africa." In The State of Peacebuilding in Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46636-7_4.
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Abstract This chapter critically examines the contribution of religion to peacebuilding in Sub-Saharan Africa. An overview of the complex and evolving religious landscape of Africa today, where Christianity and Islam coexist alongside African traditional religions, is followed by an exploration of the intersection of secular and faith-based processes of peacebuilding in what remains a profoundly religious continent. Thirdly, this chapter probes the different ways religion has been appropriated or justified in the service of terror, notably in the case of the Central African Republic. Lastly, the chapter considers how religion-based efforts to mitigate conflict in Africa can be made more effective, especially Muslim-based initiatives, given the disproportionate impact on Africa’s Muslims.
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Atanga, Lilian Lem. "African feminism?" In Gender and Language in Sub-Saharan Africa. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/impact.33.20ata.
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Lutumba, Pascal, Enock Matovu, and Marleen Boelaert. "Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT)." In Neglected Tropical Diseases - Sub-Saharan Africa. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25471-5_4.
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Carr-Hill, Roy A. "Growth—the African disease." In Social Conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377172_2.
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Smale, Melinda, Derek Byerlee, and Thom Jayne. "Maize Revolutions in Sub-Saharan Africa." In An African Green Revolution. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5760-8_8.
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Janson, Marloes. "Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa." In The Palgrave Handbook of African Colonial and Postcolonial History. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59426-6_38.
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Warf, Barney. "Geographies of Sub-Saharan African Corruption." In Global Corruption from a Geographic Perspective. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03478-8_5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "African, Sub-Saharan"
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Ugwu, Alvin U. "LOCATING EVIDENCES OF EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION CURRICULAR: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NIGERIAN AND SOUTH AFRICA." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Baltic Symposium on Science and Technology Education (BalticSTE2017). Scientia Socialis Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/balticste/2017.133.
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This research explores the integration of Education for Sustainable Development in the Science and Technology School Curriculum Documents of the Sub-Saharan African giant nations (Nigeria and South Africa) through a comparative analysis. The paper supports that Sustainable Development is a key in a present-day Science and Technology school curricula, given the global economic, social, cultural and environmental imperatives. The study suggests that science and technology curriculum should be a critical transformative tool towards integrating and fostering Sustainable Development in developing countries. Keywords: education for sustainable development, sustainable development, Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Çevik, Savaş, Ahmet Ay, and Mahamane Moutari Abdou Baoua. "Natural Resources Revenue, Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth: Panel Data Analysis for Sub-Saharan Africa Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.02005.
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The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between natural resources revenue, fiscal policy and economic growth for 35 selected Sub-Saharan African countries. The panel data covering the periods of 1986-2014 was analyzed by using the fixed/random effect model estimation and the panel causality test. We also performed the panel unit root test in order to insure that our variables are stationary. The empirical results indicate that there is insignificant negative effect of natural resources revenue and bad fiscal policy on the economic growth. However, there is significant positive effect of capital formation on economic growth. We also found a bidirectional causality relationship between Natural resources rents and economic growth. There is also unidirectional causality link from government final consumption expenditure to Natural resources revenue and from Natural resources revenue to capital formation. These empirical results mean that Sub-Saharan African countries apply bad fiscal policy to improve the natural resource sector which does not efficiently contribute to the economic growth. This study suggests that countries of Sub-Saharan Africa must apply improved fiscal policy in order to add tax revenue to their total revenue; and they must also use the natural resources revenue in order to invest in other sectors such as education, manufacturing and agriculture.
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Kusiluka, Moses, and Sophia Kongela. "Dealing with Speculative Prices in Sub-Saharan African Land Markets." In 25th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. European Real Estate Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2016_225.
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Adenuga, Kayode I., Noorminshah A. Iahad, and Suraya Miskon. "Framework for rural cloud telemedicine development in sub-Saharan African countries." In 2016 IEEE EMBS Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences (IECBES). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecbes.2016.7843510.
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Ofosu, Willie K., and Eric T. Tchao. "From the environment to the classroom: A Sub-Saharan African scenario." In 2014 International Conference of Teaching, Assessment and Learning (TALE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tale.2014.7062560.
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Osibodu, Oyemolade. "Critical mathematics education for sub-saharan african youth: towards epistemic freedom." In 42nd Meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education. PMENA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51272/pmena.42.2020-90.
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Viruly, Francois, and Aly Karam. "AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MEGA REAL ESTATE PROJECTS IN SUB–SAHARAN AFRICA." In 15th African Real Estate Society Conference. African Real Estate Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/afres2015_137.
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Masinde, Muthoni. "An Effective Drought Early Warning System for Sub-Saharan Africa." In the Southern African Institute for Computer Scientist and Information Technologists Annual Conference 2014. ACM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2664591.2664629.
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"Expanded Technological Acceptance Model for the Sub-Saharan African Environment (ETAM-4SAE)." In Nov. 16-17, 2020 Johannesburg (SA). Eminent Association of Pioneers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/eares10.eap1120405.
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Mwaipungu, R. R., and D. Allopi. "Review of sub-Saharan African gravel roads management system: Tanzanian case study." In Urban Transport 2012. WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ut120531.
Full textReports on the topic "African, Sub-Saharan"
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Van Biesebroeck, Johannes. Exporting Raises Productivity in Sub-Saharan African Manufacturing Plants. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10020.
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CIFOR. Contributing to African development through forests: strategy for engagement in sub-Saharan Africa. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/001774.
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Biddlecom, Ann, Richard Gregory, Cynthia Lloyd, and Barbara Mensch. Premarital sex and schooling transitions in four sub-Saharan African countries. Population Council, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy2.1049.
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Danquah, Michael, Simone Schotte, and Kunal Sen. COVID-19 and employment: Insights from the sub-Saharan African experience. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/wbn/2020-7.
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Ek, Filippa, and Rasmus Kløcker Larsen. "We’re an afterthought" - Experiences of the deaf, blind, and deafblind in sub-Saharan Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.017.
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This brief provides insights about the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on those who are deaf, blind, and deafblind living in four sub-Saharan African countries: Cameroon, Rwanda, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.
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Quak, Evert-jan. The Link Between Demography and Labour Markets in sub-Saharan Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.011.
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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how demography affects labour markets (e.g. entrants, including youth and women) and labour market outcomes (e.g. capital-per-worker, life-cycle labour supply, human capital investments) in the context of sub-Saharan Africa. One of the key findings is that the fast-growing population in sub-Saharan Africa is likely to affect the ability to get productive jobs and in turn economic growth. This normally happens when workers move from traditional (low productivity agriculture and household businesses) sectors into higher productivity sectors in manufacturing and services. In theory the literature shows that lower dependency ratios (share of the non-working age population) should increase output per capita if labour force participation rates among the working age population remain unchanged. If output per worker stays constant, then a decline in dependency ratio would lead to a rise in income per capita. Macro simulation models for sub-Saharan Africa estimate that capital per worker will remain low due to consistently low savings for at least the next decades, even in the low fertility scenario. Sub-Saharan African countries seem too poor for a quick rise in savings. As such, it is unlikely that a lower dependency ratio will initiate a dramatic increase in labour productivity. The literature notes the gender implications on labour markets. Most women combine unpaid care for children with informal and low productive work in agriculture or family enterprises. Large family sizes reduce their productive labour years significantly, estimated at a reduction of 1.9 years of productive participation per woman for each child, that complicates their move into more productive work (if available). If the transition from high fertility to low fertility is permanent and can be established in a relatively short-term period, there are long-run effects on female labour participation, and the gains in income per capita will be permanent. As such from the literature it is clear that the effect of higher female wages on female labour participation works to a large extent through reductions in fertility.
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Hein, Nicholas A., Danstan S. Bagenda, and Jiangtao Luo. PEPFAR and adult mortality: a replication study of HIV development assistance effects in Sub-Saharan African countries. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/rps0015.
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Tulloch, Olivia, Tamara Roldan de Jong, and Kevin Bardosh. Data Synthesis: COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions in Sub-Saharan Africa: Social and Behavioural Science Data, March 2020-April 2021. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2028.
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Safe and effective vaccines against COVID-19 are seen as a critical path to ending the pandemic. This synthesis brings together data related to public perceptions about COVID-19 vaccines collected between March 2020 and March 2021 in 22 countries in Africa. It provides an overview of the data (primarily from cross-sectional perception surveys), identifies knowledge and research gaps and presents some limitations of translating the available evidence to inform local operational decisions. The synthesis is intended for those designing and delivering vaccination programmes and COVID-19 risk communication and community engagement (RCCE). 5 large-scale surveys are included with over 12 million respondents in 22 central, eastern, western and southern African countries (note: one major study accounts for more than 10 million participants); data from 14 peer-reviewed questionnaire surveys in 8 countries with n=9,600 participants and 15 social media monitoring, qualitative and community feedback studies. Sample sizes are provided in the first reference for each study and in Table 13 at the end of this document. The data largely predates vaccination campaigns that generally started in the first quarter of 2021. Perceptions will change and further syntheses, that represent the whole continent including North Africa, are planned. This review is part of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) series on COVID-19 vaccines. It was developed for SSHAP by Anthrologica. It was written by Kevin Bardosh (University of Washington), Tamara Roldan de Jong and Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica), it was reviewed by colleagues from PERC, LSHTM, IRD, and UNICEF (see acknowledgments) and received coordination support from the RCCE Collective Service. It is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Richards, William L. Engagement for Sub-Saharan Africa. Defense Technical Information Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada344993.
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Al-Saud, Khalid M., Darrell Sims, and Jack Dees. Sub-Saharan Africa: A Strategic Assessment. Defense Technical Information Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada441987.
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