Dissertations / Theses: 'African, Sub-Saharan'

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Likoti, Fako Johnson. "African military intervention in African conflicts: an analysis of military intervention in Rwanda, the DRC and Lesotho." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4006_1182235430.

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The dissertation examines three military interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa which took place in the mid and late 1990s in Rwanda, the DRC and Lesotho. These interventions took place despite high expectations of international and regional peace on the part of most analysts after the collapse of cold war in 1989. However, interstate and intrastate conflicts re-emerged with more intensity than ever before, and sub-Saharan Africa proved to be no exception. The study sets out to analyse the motives and/or causes of military interventions in Rwanda in 1990, the DRC in 1996-7, and the DRC military rebellion and the Lesotho intervention in 1998. In analysing these interventions, the study borrows extensively from the work of dominant security theorists of international relations, predominantly realists who conceptualise international relations as a struggle for power and survival in the anarchic world. The purpose of this analysis is fourfold firstly, to determine the reasons for military interventions and the extent to which these interventions were conducted on humanitarian grounds secondly, to investigate the degree to which or not intervening countries were spurred by their national interests thirdly, to assess the roles of international organisations like Southern African Development Community (SADC), the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) and the United Nations, in facilitating these interventions as well as to evaluate the role of parliaments of intervening countries in authorising or not these military interventions in terms of holding their Executives accountable. In this context, the analysis argues that the intervening countries Angola, Botswana, Burundi, Chad, Namibia, Rwanda, Sudan, South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe appeared to have used intervention as a realist foreign policy tool in the absence of authorisation from the United Nations and its subordinate bodies such as the OAU and SADC.

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Modiba, Matome. "Strategies of South African banks expanding into Sub-Saharan Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30460.

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The Sub-Saharan African economic environment has experienced growth in the last two decades. This has led to capital inflows into the continent, which has meant that multinational companies have entered the market in search of growth and capital. Due to this, multiple banks have expanded their operations throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. The role that banks play on the African continent is vital as they provide a reliable conduit for capital to enter the market while also promoting economic growth in the countries in which they operate. As one of the largest economies on the continent, South Africa is home to the largest banks in Africa, many which have expanded their operations into the continent. This dissertation is a qualitative case study focusing on the expansion strategies used by some of the South African banks that expanded into SSA. The dissertation aimed to understand which entry strategies led to successful expansions, how the banks defined the success of the expansion as well as what challenges the banks experienced. The dissertation found that successful expansions are driven by the appetite, persistence and level of conviction within the organisation about their expansion strategy. The more consistent and ardent the financial intuition is regarding their strategy, the higher the possibility of achieving a successful expansion. The level of management and organisational support for the strategy, as well as the number of operations the institution established played a role. The financial investment that the organisation undertook for the expansion was also an important factor for success.

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Duursma, Allard. "African solutions to African challenges : explaining the role of legitimacy in mediating civil wars in Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:054ebfd1-ee08-4dee-b694-cb462361fece.

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The current scholarly literature on the international mediation of armed conflicts predominantly draws on a rationalist-materialist perspective. This perspective suggests that the ticket to mediation success is the material manipulation of the bargaining environment by third parties with a high degree of economic and military resources. In this dissertation I argue against those that highlight material power when explaining outcomes of international mediation processes. Indeed, this dissertation shows that legitimacy, far more than capacity, determines outcomes of mediation. The reason why legitimacy matters so much is that if a mediator has legitimacy, it can continue to look for a mutual satisfactory outcome and try to pull the conflict parties towards compliance, but if a mediator loses legitimacy, no amount of material resources will prove sufficient in mediating the conflict. In other words, material capacity in the form of economic and military resources may be useful to successfully mediate a conflict, but it is rarely sufficient. Through scrutinising international mediation processes in civil wars in Africa, I develop a theory that explains how mediators are effective because of a high degree of legitimacy rather than military or economic capacity. More specifically, I show how legitimacy matters through comparing the effectiveness of African and non-African third parties. African third parties are typically referred to as ineffective because of a low degree of economic and military capacity. However, African third parties are effective in mediating civil wars in Africa because of a high degree of legitimacy, which is a result of a strong conviction within the African society of states that African mediation is the most desirable type of mediation in conflicts in Africa. Drawing on data from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program supplemented with unique data, which together cover all mediation efforts in Africa between 1960 and 2012, I find quantitative evidence supporting the effectiveness of African third parties. Compared to non-African third parties, African third parties are far more likely to conclude peace agreements and these peace agreements are more likely to be durable. Two case studies, in which several mediation efforts in civil wars in Sudan are examined, further probe the causal mechanisms that I put forward to explain the effectiveness of African mediation. While I do not claim causal generalisability on the basis of these two case studies, the mediation efforts in Sudan nevertheless suggest that third party legitimacy is central to mediation success. This is the first systematic study that compares African and non-African mediation efforts. Theoretically, this study deviates from much of the literature that solely puts forward rationalist-materialist explanations of mediation success. By bringing legitimacy to the forefront, this dissertation overcomes key limitations in the current mediation literature, in which material sources of power are emphasised and social structures are ignored.

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Gichenje, Helene. "The impact of official development assistance on African agriculture." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24007.

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An aggregate agricultural production function (a pooled covariance model) based on the metaproduction approach, was estimated using cross section, time series data for 32 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) covering the 1970-1993 period to evaluate the effect of foreign aid on agricultural production. The Almon lag structure of the foreign aid (Official Development Assistance) variable was specified to account for the effect of foreign aid over time. The results support the hypothesis that the aggregate effect of aid on agricultural production in SSA is positive. The marginal effect of foreign aid in SSA is calculated to be $0.14 which can be interpreted to mean that a one dollar increase in aid in each of the past six years would be expected to increase the value of agricultural output by 14 cents in the current year. There is a great variation in the effect of foreign aid on agricultural production when countries are classified according to agro-climatic region, income level and policy environment. Excluding Eastern and Southern Africa where the effect of aid is negative, the marginal effect of foreign aid ranges from $0.40 in Sudano-Sahel to $1.32 in Central Africa. The marginal effect of foreign aid is larger in middle income countries as compared to high income countries; it is negative in low income countries. The effect of aid is positive and significant in countries classified under a favourable policy environment but negative and insignificant in countries classified under an unfavourable policy environment. The structural adjustment dummy variable is positive and significant in most regressions indicating that structural adjustment programs have been beneficial to agriculture in most Sub-Saharan African countries.

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Zhang, Zeya. "Essays on Development in Sub-Saharan African Countries." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101898.

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As one of the fastest growing regions in the world, crop production and education remain two of the most important topics for the development of sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. This dissertation is composed of three chapters that investigate the economic returns to education (Chapter 1 and 2) and assess the policy influence on fertilizer usage (Chapter 3) in two SSA countries, Zimbabwe and Ethiopia. Chapter 1 investigates the casual impact of improved educational attainment on household well-being as reflected by consumption level in Zimbabwe. We use the age-specific exposure to the 1980 education reform as the instrument for the household head educational attainment to identify the economic returns to education. We find that an extra year of household head schooling leads to an 8% increase in per capita household consumption on average when using the multiple rounds of the Income, Consumption and Expenditure Survey (ICES). The impact of enhanced education on household consumption is larger for rural and female-headed households and we also find some evidence that head educational attainment could affect consumption patterns, where additional schooling leads to slightly lower consumption share in food and higher share in non-durable goods. Chapter 2 extends this topic by utilizing a pseudo panel data constructed with multiple waves of repeated cross-sectional data, which allows us to use fixed-effect and other panel data methods to address the problem of unobserved "ability" bias. For pseudo panel, we use age, gender and some other time-persistent criterions to define the cohorts and replace the individual observations with the intra-cohort means. Individual time-invariant factors that influencing both education and consumption are transformed into cohort time-invariant factors, within transformation on the pseudo panel would eliminate such factors leads to achieve unbiased and consistent estimates on the returns to education. We find on average there is a 14% increase in monthly household per capita consumption for each one more year of education for the household head. By further disaggregating our population, we find female-headed households exhibit a return to education of around 15.3%, much higher than its corresponding OLS/IV estimates. On the other hand, we fail to detect such large discrepancy for the male-headed households, suggesting that the overall downward bias of OLS/IV estimates mostly come from female-headed households. Facing significant higher opportunity cost, Zimbabwean females are much less likely to furthering their education when compared to males with similar unobserved ability level which can be one of the major underlying reasons. Chapter 3 investigates the potential effect of fertilizer promotion polices on crop acreage and input intensities in Ethiopia. We use a fully calibrated multi-input and -output model based on the principle of positive mathematical programming (PMP) to assess the policy impact in four major agricultural states in the country. I analyze two policies designed to promote fertilizer use, namely fertilizer import expansion and a universal subsidy program. The results from the simulation model suggest that local farmers actively respond to these promotion policies by adjusting crop acreage and investing more in fertilizer input. However, when the availability of fertilizer in one region is fixed and local farmers face a binding constraint, the behavior responses to the subsidy program alone would be limited. Doctor of Philosophy Education and food production are two of the most important issues when we study the development in Sub-Saharan African countries, which are among the fastest developing regions in the world. The dissertation is composed of three manuscripts, aiming to evaluate the economic returns to education and the impact of fertilizer promotion policies in two of the SSA countries, Zimbabwe and Ethiopia. Chapter 1 investigates the returns to education as reflected by household consumption and finds significant positive effect of enhanced education on household well-being. We also find such effect is larger for rural and female-headed households which shed light on the policy of more public investment targeting female and rural education in developing countries. Chapter 2 further extends this topic by combining multiple rounds of survey data and finds larger educational effects on household consumption compared to the results in Chapter 1. Female household heads, facing more barriers in attaining higher education, are an important cause of the higher estimates of returns found in this chapter. Chapter 3 investigates how potential fertilizer promotion polices would affect the regional level of choices on crop acreage and fertilizer input intensities in the major agricultural states in Ethiopia. It finds local farmers will actively adjust their land and fertilizer inputs when facing a fertilizer import expansion in combined with a universal fertilizer subsidy program.

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Dray, James Daniel. "Voter turnout in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b4889265-1bae-45cc-b12a-4fa92d441800.

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This thesis addresses the question of who votes in Africa and why. It uses three sets of quantitative data at three different levels to test its claims: an original compilation of national level institutional and socioeconomic indicators for over 700 elections from independence until 2006 compiled by the author; the Afrobarometer survey of almost 50 000 voters in 17 multiparty African regimes; and the first ever purpose-built survey aimed at testing rational choice turnout models in an African case study, which was designed, administered and analysed by the author in 2005 in Durban, South Africa. It uses a mixture of statistical methods to test comprehensively the determinants of voting in pooled and multilevel, logistic and linear, individual and national level models. It finds that the central claims of the rational choice model do not generally apply in African elections. Both the closeness of the election and the costs of participation are not found to be central to the voting calculus of African voters. Instead those citizens who face the highest barriers to participation in the West: the rural, poor and minimally educated, are the citizens who vote most in Africa. The thesis argues that this is because turnout in Africa is mobilised turnout and these are the groups of people targeted by mobilising agents. It further finds that three central institutions of African politics; ethnicity, clientelism and regime type further structure patterns of mobilisation in ways that have been entirely neglected in studies of turnout until now. Finally, it confirms that voting is habitual and that voters are socialised by formative experiences in their youth, especially the nature of the regime that they grow up in and how democratic they think the country is.

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Khumalo, Mahlomola. "How South African banking sector facilitates South African foreign direct investment into Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/8445.

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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Currently, South Africa is a leading intra-continental foreign direct investor in Africa, in general, and in Sub-Saharan Africa, in particular. The internationalisation of South African enterprises has throughout the period following the advent of the new dispensation in 1994 assumed two forms: banking and non-banking cross-border expansions. These cross-border expansions have largely involved greenfield, merger and acquisition and joint venture types of investment. Increased trade between South Africa and the region and huge business and investment opportunities have been the pre-eminent motive forces behind the country's nonbanking and banking foreign direct investment drive into Sub-Saharan Africa. A number of studies have been conducted about South African general outward foreign direct investment, but none so specifically about the involvement of the South African multinational banks in this cross-border expansion by the country's multinational firms. In fact, no obvious and composite information is readily available about the "how" aspect of the involvement. It is the objective of this study therefore to investigate "how" South African banks with multinational behaviour have facilitated and continue to facilitate the way for South African foreign direct investment in Sub-Saharan Africa. The outcome of the research effort makes for an interesting discovery that demonstrates how South African banks indeed facilitate South African outward FDI flows into the Sub-Saharan region. A case study illustration in this research report clearly shows that banks, driven by their own foreign direct investment interests, were simultaneously facilitating and driving nonbanking foreign direct investment in the region. Benefits and costs are also accruing to firms and countries (host country and home country to a lesser degree) involved in the crossborder investment activities. South African outward foreign direct investment, although very important to Sub-Saharan Africa, has serious challenges to contend with in the region. Pockets of conflict and instability in some countries with lucrative opportunities continue to bedevil South African foreign direct investment. Policy and regulatory environments in some countries still remain to be a downside for the attraction of South African outward foreign direct investment, including banking foreign direct investment. Interestingly, South African govemment is keenly involved to ensure that trade and investment in Sub-Saharan Africa flow uninterruptedly without prejudicing any party. Trade and investment opportunities are indeed the key motives for South African outward foreign direct investment into Sub-Saharan Africa. The ''follow-your-client'' paradigm is largely responsible for the South African multinational banks' drive across the border into the region. This ''follow-your-client'' concept in the South Africa foreign direct investment context and other related concepts must be further researched in much greater detail and wider approach. But this does not take away the essence and significance of this study which, amongst other things, provides a good foundation for future research undertakings. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Huidiglik is Suid-Afrika die voorstander in die intra-kontinentale vaste buitelandse investering in Afrika in die algemeen en spesifiek in Sub-Sahara Afrika. Die internasionalisering van Suid-Afrikaanse besighede het na 1994 twee vorme aangeneem, t.w. die uitbreiding van bank- en nie-bankinvestering. Die uitbreiding sluit in samesmeltings en venootskappe van investeringsgeleenthede. Verhoogde handel, investeringsgeleenthede en besigheid tussen Suid-Afrika en Sub-Sahara Afrika was die dryfkrag agter die land se vaste buitelandse beleggings. Aigemene studies is gedoen van Suid-Afrikaanse buitelandse beleggings, maar niks so spesifiek soos die samewerking van Suid-Afrikaanse banke met die banke van buitelandse multinasionale firmas nie. Daar is geen inligting vrylik bekombaar oor die 'hoe' van die buitelandse beleggings nie. Die doel van hierdie studie is om juis te bepaal hoe Suid-Afrikaanse banke tans en op die pad vorentoe te werk gaan om vaste buitelandse investerings met multinasionale besighede in Sub-Sahara Afrika uit te brei. 'n Teoretiese grondslag van die debat, definisies en begrip van die konsep "vaste buitelandse investering" vorm deel van die ondersoek, waar beide primere en sekondere data gebruik is. Moeite is gedoen om te verseker dat die data en inligting wat gebruik is, gebaseer is op die "global research methodology", wat insluit vraelyste en elektroniese onderhoude. Hierdie terugvoering wys daarop dat Suid-Afrikaanse banke inderdaad pro-aktief is in die veld van uitwaardse vaste beleggings in die Sub-Sahara area. Banke doen nie net hul eie vaste buitelandse investerings nie, maar fasiliteer dit vir nie-bank vaste buitelandse beleggings. Dit lei tot voordele en kostebesparings vir firmas in die proses van beleggingsaktiwiteite. Alhoewel Suid-Afrikaanse vaste beleggings belangrik is vir ander Afrikastate, is daar ook heelwat slaggate om in ag te neem. Onstabiliteite in lande met aansienlike investeringspotensiaal maak dit moeilik vir Suid-Afrika om te investeer. In baie lande het reels en regulasies nog steeds 'n negatiewe invloed op buitelandse investerings, wat banke insluit. Handel en beleggingsgeleenthede is die motief vir Suid-Afrikaanse investering in SubSahara lande. Die gesegde "follow your client" is die dryfkrag agter die Suid-Afrikaanse banke om te investeer. Daar moet meer ondersoek gedoen word oor die "follow your client" konsep. Hierdie verslag is dus slegs 'n begin punt waarop daar uitgebrei moet word deur verdere ondersoeke.

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Kufuor, Nana Kwabena. "Essays on sub-optimal fiscal policy responses in sub-Saharan African countries." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12907/.

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The actions of governments are instrumental in economic development, and an important lever of policy is fiscal policy. Taxation and spending cannot only promote economic development but inhibit progress and retard the process, and nowhere is this most evident than in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), which is the focus of this study. Promoting economic development therefore requires that policies that inhibit the process are identified and addressed. In this light, this thesis investigates two common features of fiscal policy in developing countries that may slow down economic development: the first is that government consumption is pro-cyclical even though increasing (reducing) spending in response to increases (decreases) in income worsens income fluctuations. The second feature is that the budget deficit (budget balance) increases (decreases) in response to aid inflows. We address the issue of pro-cyclical government consumption in two stages: in the first stage a coefficient of cyclicality of government consumption is obtained for each of the sample countries using an improved (equilibrium-correction) specification. Variation in these coefficients across countries is then explained within a cross-section specification in the second stage. We conclude that credit constraint and political distortion are significant determinants of pro-cyclical government consumption. However, they are not the underlying reason why pro-cyclicality of government consumption increases with income uncertainty as existing explanation has it. Rather, the latter is the result of actions taken by the government to remain solvent in economic downturns. We investigate the aid-budget deficit relationship in three parts: the first part re-visits the past evidence, using more recent data, improved methods and a sample consisting of only SSA countries. We find that, consistent with past evidence, countries with larger budget deficits receive more aid and aid induces larger deficits. However, the effect of aid on the budget deficit has improved in recent times. This suggests that, contrary to existing explanation, giving more aid to countries with larger budget deficits is not the reason why aid induces larger deficits. Rather, we show in the second part that there is a divergence in the cross-section and within-country (year-to-year) dimensions of aid determination and the effect of aid depends on the latter: aid induces smaller deficits in countries where decreases in the budget deficit are associated with increased inflows of aid over time. Finally, we use a new approach to vector equilibrium-correction models (VECMs) to investigate the relationship between aid inflows and the fiscal aggregates that underlie the contrasting aid-budget deficit relationship across countries; we use Ghana (where the relationship is negative) and Zambia (where it is positive) as case studies. We conclude that aid induces lower deficits when year-to-year disbursements are conditioned on decreases in total expenditure and domestic borrowing. Even though aid inflows attracted by increased expenditure may still induce lower deficits, the magnitude of the decrease in expenditure is over-whelmed by the initial increase that attracted aid in the first place. We therefore conclude that to induce substantial deficit reductions, aid should be conditioned on decreased expenditure and domestic borrowing, or better still on reduced deficits. Thus, budget conditions are effective when enforced.

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Agulanna, Christopher. "Informed Consent in Sub-Saharan African Communal Culture: The." Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11963.

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Some scholars argue that the principle of voluntary informed consent is rooted in the Western ethos of liberal individualism; that it would be difficult to implement this requirement in societies where the norms of decision-making emphasize collective rather than individual decision-making (for example, Sub-Saharan Africa); that it would amount to “cultural imperialism” to seek to implement the principle of voluntary informed consent in non-Western societies. This thesis rejects this skepticism about the possibility of implementing the informed consent requirement in non-Western environments and argues that applying the principle of voluntary informed consent in human subjects’ research in Sub-Saharan African communal culture could serve as an effective measure to protect vulnerable subjects from possible abuses or exploitations. The thesis proposes the “multi-step” approach to informed consent as the best approach to the implementation of the principle in the African communal setting. The thesis argues that the importance of the “multi-step” approach lies in the fact that it is one that is sensitive to local culture and customs. On the question of whether the principle of voluntary informed consent should be made compulsory in research, the thesis answers that we have no choice in the matter.

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Ngwenya, Nomfundo Xenia. "State-private sector-civil-society partnerships and the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) : a South African response." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52461.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001 ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As the regional arm of the United Nations in Africa, the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) is faced with the challenge of conforming to the broader agenda of its mother body while it simultaneously strives to be seen to devise solutions that are unique to Africa's development needs. This means that the ECA needs to find a way of striking a balance between the demands of international development trends and the viability of such trends for Africa. The United Nations, similarly to other influential multilateral institutions like the World Bank, has moved into the 21st century with the 'partnerships approach' to development. The central idea behind these partnerships is that of promoting active participation between the state, the private sector and civil society in contributing towards development. What this means, therefore, is that development is no longer viewed as the sole responsibility of the state, but rather calls for a closer working relationship between these three sectors. Given the fact that these sectors are at different levels of development in many African countries, with some countries not even having an active civil society, private sector or even a strong state, the ECA has to make sense of what exactly partnerships mean for Africa. This study is based on an understanding that if the ECA wishes to have an impact on the African continent, it will have to engage its Member States in order to develop a common idea and approach to the conceptualisation and implementation of partnerships in Africa. In light of this background, this study focuses on South Africa as a Member State of the ECA and one of a few countries that have a strong civil society and developed private sector. What is also significant about South Africa is the fact that a number of significant initiatives that involve both state and non-state actors have been evident in the period since the first democratic elections of 1994, thus allowing for an informed response from representatives of the different sectors. A South African response has thus been compiled from the six interviews that were conducted, two with representatives from each of the three sectors. Following from the responses, the study makes recommendations as to how the ECA can playa leading role in promoting partnerships in Africa. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Verenigde Nasies se Ekonomiese Kommissie vir Afrika (EKA), 'n streeksvertakking van die Verenigde Nasies in Afrika, staan gedurig voor die uitdaging om te konformeer met die breër agenda van die moederorganisasie, maar streef terselfdertyd daarna om spesifieke antwoorde te vind vir Afrika se unieke ontwikkelingsbehoeftes. Dit beteken dat die EKA 'n middeweg tussen die eise van internasionale ontwikkelingstendense en die toepaslikheid daarvan in Afrika moet vind. Net soos die Wêreldbank en ander invloedryke internasionale instansies, is die Verenigde Nasies se benadering tot ontwikkeling in die een en twintigste eeu geskoei op 'n vennootskapsbasis. Die onderliggende oogmerk van dié benadering is die aanmoediging van aktiewe bydraes tot ontwikkeling deur die staat, privaatsektor en burgerlike samelewing. Derhalwe beteken dit dat ontwikkeling nie meer gesien word as die uitsluitlike verantwoordelikheid van die staat nie, maar eerder as 'n funksie van samewerking tussen die drie bogenoemde sektore. Aangesien baie Afrika state hulself op verskillende vlakke van ontwikkeling bevind, tesame met die feit dat sommige nie oor 'n aktiewe burgerlike samelewing, private sektor, of selfs 'n sterk staat beskik nie, is dit die taak van die EKA om gestalte te gee aan die konsep van 'vennootskappe' binne 'n Afrika konteks. Hierdie studie gaan uit vanaf die standpunt dat die EKA alleenlik 'n impak sal hê as lidstate betrek word om 'n gemeenskaplike verstandhouding en benadering tot die konsepsualisering en implimentering van vennootskappe in Afrika te ontwikkel. In die lig van bogenoemde, fokus die studie op Suid-Afrika, as EKA lidstaat en een van 'n paar Afrika state met 'n sterk burgerlike samelewing en goed ontwikkelde privaatsektor. 'n Verdere belangrike dimensie in die geval van Suid-Afrika, is die aantal belangrike inisiatiewe wat gesamentlik tussen staats- en nie-staatsinstansies sedert 1994 aangepak is. Hierdie inisiatiewe het verseker dat verteenwoordigers van alle sektore 'n ingeligte benadering tot besluite rakende die ontwikkeling van die streek kon volg. Vir die doeleindes van hierdie projek is ses onderhoude gevoer - twee per sektor - ten einde 'n beter begrip te kry van die land se benadering tot vennootskappe in diens van ontwikkeling. As 'n uitvloeisel van hierdie studie, word 'n aantal aanbevelings gemaak oor hoe die EKA 'n leidende rol kan speel in die aanmoediging van vennootskappe in Afrika.

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Lux, Christina Anne. "Literary warscapes in contemporary sub-Saharan francophone Africa /." view abstract or download file of text, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1404336831&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2007. Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-181). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Suter, Brigitte. "Tales to Transit : Sub-Saharan African Migrants’ Experiences in Istanbul." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, REMESO - Institutet för forskning om Migration, Etnicitet och Samhälle, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-86058.

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This dissertation presents the transit experiences of migrants from Sub-Saharan African countries in the Turkish metropolis of Istanbul. Although the narratives of the individuals met in the course of fieldwork in Istanbul are the primary focus, the thesis also outlines the larger macro-structural conditions faced. The overarching goal of this thesis is thus, through the experiences of the migrants themselves, to critically approach and discuss the concept of transit with the aid of the theoretical perspectives of social networks analysis and mobility. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and an explorative design, this thesis investigates the ‘black-box’ that the state of transit has hitherto often represented in the literature by focusing on migrants’ experiences of mobility, immobility and social networks. Insecurity, uncertainty, and an overall precariousness constitute the state of transit. Light is shed on questions relating to the peculiarities of a state of transit and its impact on everyday life. The thesis highlights the processual nature of mobility and immobility strategies. The issue of migrant capital (conceptualised as local knowledge, with a particular focus on the migrant experience) is found to be a crucial aspect of immobility in transit. The thesis further identifies a pattern of social stratification based on immobility intersected with legal status and migrant capital, and argues that this stratification is produced by transit movements and, in turn, reproduces transit movements. Related to social stratification is the presentation of Istanbul as the socio-economic context that offers prerequisites for establishment in situ and establishment in mobility.

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Adegboyega, Adebola Olamide. "DETERMINANTS OF PAP SCREENING AMONG SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN IMMIGRANT WOMEN." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/nursing_etds/33.

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The purpose of this dissertation was to explore the determinants of Pap screening completion among sub-Saharan African immigrant women. Cervical cancer is a public health problem globally. The risk of invasive cervical cancer remains high among sub- Saharan African immigrant women in the US despite being a preventable cancer. Early detection through Pap screening is crucial for prevention, treatment and prognosis. The specific aims of this dissertation were to 1) examine Pap screening practices among African immigrant women and to identify gaps to guide future research; 2) explore barriers and motivators that influence Pap screening decisions among African immigrant women; and 3) explore African immigrant men’s knowledge of Pap screening and attitudes about supporting their wives/female partners to utilize Pap screening, and 4) explore predictors of Pap screening use among sub-Saharan African immigrant women, Specific aim one was addressed by a review and synthesis of literature focused on Pap screening among African immigrant women. Common factors influencing Pap screening completion included immigration status, health care interactions, knowledge deficiency, religiosity, and certain personal characteristics. Specific aim two was addressed by the conduct of a qualitative descriptive study of barriers and motivators contributing to Pap screening decisions in 22 African immigrant women. Women experienced different barriers including low knowledge of screening, cultural beliefs, fear and communication issues. Addressing knowledge gaps and other barriers related to Pap screening may improve Pap screening participation in this group. Specific aim three was addressed by a qualitative descriptive study of men’s attitudes and beliefs regarding Pap screening and support for their wives for Pap screening participation. African immigrant men demonstrated suboptimal knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer screening. Most men had a lack of knowledge regarding HPV and its link with cervical cancer. Despite knowledge deficiency men showed significant interest in supporting their wife/female partners. Specific aim four was addressed by conducting an analysis of cross sectional data collected from 108 sub-Saharan African women. Predictors of Pap screening completion was determined using logistic regression while controlling for age and education. Pap screening awareness and provider’s recommendations were independent predictors of Pap screening. Given the unequitable burden of cervical cancer experienced by this population, the findings from this dissertation point to the need for a multilevel targeted health interventions directed toward African immigrant population are needed to increase the rates of Pap screening among African immigrant women. Prevention efforts should focus on individual level factors and develop culturally relevant strategies that will effectively provide educational outreach interventions and alleviate barriers to Pap screening. Engaging spousal support and addressing social norms related to spouses/partners’ roles that may influence partaking in cervical cancer screening is important among African immigrant women. Cervical cancer is preventable; Pap screening will lead to early detection of cervical cancer in female African immigrants.

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Reid, Gregor, Nicholas Nduti, Wilbert Sybesma, et al. "Harnessing microbiome and probiotic research in sub-Saharan Africa: recommendations from an African workshop." BioMed Central, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610204.

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To augment capacity-building for microbiome and probiotic research in Africa, a workshop was held in Nairobi, Kenya, at which researchers discussed human, animal, insect, and agricultural microbiome and probiotics/prebiotics topics. Five recommendations were made to promote future basic and translational research that benefits Africans.

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Palmer, Robert. "Skills development, the enabling environment and informal micro-enterprise in Ghana." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1698.

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Unemployment and underemployment, particularly among the youth, are serious concerns to governments across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Fifteen years on from the World Conference on Education For All (EFA) in Jomtien, EFA policies have started to result in some of the largest cohorts of primary school leavers ever witnessed in many parts of SSA. This is occurring at a time when SSA’s formal sector is unable to generate sufficient formal employment and income opportunities. The great majority of all school leavers, therefore, are obliged to enter the informal, micro-enterprise economy, urban and rural, and receive informal training in traditional apprenticeships and/or through other on-the-job means. However the links between education, training and enterprise are still poorly understood. This study presents an investigation into how young people construct and are able to navigate these pathways to informal self-employment in rural Ghana by acquiring skills and schooling from multiple sources, and through seeking assistance from informal networks. It makes a contribution not only to understanding the transition from training to self-employment, but also to the nature of the rural informal sector in Ghana. This study examines three types of skills training provision; on-the-job apprenticeship training, short-term modular training and longer-term pre-employment training, examining both the delivery context of these different training modalities, as well as the graduates’ labour market outcomes. The analysis is based on 12 months fieldwork in rural Ghana in 2004 and 2005 during which time multiple approaches were used to uncover these skill-to-work pathways; tracer studies with 162 vocational training graduates, semi-structured interviews with 160 apprentices and a household survey capturing data on 147 youth. Furthermore, retrospective interviews with 114 enterprise owners were conducted to better understand pathways to informal self-employment and the multiple occupational realities, or occupational pluralism, of many of those in this rural African economy. This data suggests that the school-skill-enterprise relationship is highly dependent on the delivery context of training as well as the type of enabling or disabling environments within which the training is translated into employment outcomes. This study also includes an analysis of the long history of Ghana’s skills development policies and practice - up to 2006. This is integrated with a discussion on the wider environment within which skills are delivered, particularly the labour market, and how this impacts on the employment opportunities of technical and vocational education and training graduates in Ghana.

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Mobolaji, Hakeem Ishola. "Essays on financial development and growth in Sub-Saharan African countries." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/4493.

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This thesis investigates the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Sub Saharan Africa for the period 1970-2005. The first chapter assesses three growth theories using panel data. The study lends empirical credence to the endogenous growth theory, but finds weak evidence for growth-impact of financial development in the region. The study suggests that financial development is important for economic growth in the presence of highly developed human capital and other institutional factors. The first essay finds growth-complementarity feature between financial development and human capital in the region. In the second empirical essay, the thesis investigates the determinants of financial development in the region. In particular, it analyses the impact of spatial externality on financial development in SSA for the period of 1970-2005 in a dynamic panel data framework that uses the Arellano and Bond GMM estimator. The findings of this chapter suggest that the financial system is geographically sensitive, and thus not immune to spatial externality. The findings suggest that spatial effects may include crowding-out of domestic credit market, enhancing competition among banks and promoting efficient resource allocation for overall economic growth. Finally, the third empirical essay investigates the relationship between finance and growth in a panel data framework. It suggests another channel by which this nexus can be analysed. The study uses a panel cointegration test to assess the long run relationship between finance and growth in the presence of spatial externality. The study finds empirical support for the demand-following hypothesis. It also indicates that there is a long run impact of spatial externality on financial development in particular and economic growth in general for the sample countries in the study. This chapter suggests a regional framework for the relationship between finance and growth.

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Hamukwala, Priscilla. "Demands for biofortified food crops in three sub-Saharan African countries." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77825.

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This study determines consumer demand for staple food crops biofortified with micronutrients in three sub-Saharan African countries. Specifically, the study investigates how the choice of a valuation technique for a nonmarket good or new product, and gender, influence acceptance of biofortified food crops. Biofortification, a new public health intervention for alleviating micronutrient deficiency problems in developing countries, is achieved by enhancing the micronutrient content of staple food crops using conventional plant breeding or biotechnology. The rural poor in developing countries are likely to benefit most from biofortification, for two main reasons. Firstly, their diets are primarily comprised of staple foods that are usually poor sources of micronutrients. Secondly, they have limited access to fortified food products, mineral and vitamin supplements. The novel property of biofortification, however, has been associated with changes in the intrinsic properties of staple food crops that may not be familiar to consumers. Thus, knowing consumers’ attitudes and potential reactions to such changes in their staple food crops has been important to researchers and marketers alike. The study employs hedonic evaluations and incentive-compatible economic experimental data from HarvestPlus that aimed at determining consumer acceptance of micronutrient biofortified staple food crops in three sub-Saharan countries, i.e., Nigeria, Rwanda, and Zambia. The first objective compares the Becker–DeGroot–Marschak (BDM) mechanism to the non-hypothetical choice experiment (nHCE) in revealing the willingness to pay (WTP) for a new maize variety biofortified with vitamin A, under a field setting in Zambia. A mixed logit model was used to determine consumers’ WTP for the biofortified orange maize, relative to the two local maize varieties in the nHCE. While a symmetrically censored least square (SCLS) model was used to determine consumers’ WTP for the biofortified orange maize in the BDM experiment. The results show that the nHCE yielded significantly higher WTP estimates than that from the BDM mechanism. The second objective, related to the first, explored potential reasons for the WTP disparity between the BDM and the nHCE. The results indicate that accounting for additional training in the BDM experiment and lexicographic behaviour in the nHCE, together resulted in a decrease by half in the WTP estimates difference between the two methods. This difference, however, remains statistically significant. The third objective determined whether the gender of the decision-maker is important in determining consumer’s attitudes and behaviour towards biofortified food crops. Specifically, the study explores gender differences in hedonic preferences and consumer valuations of food products made from biofortified food crops. Emphasis was placed on the statistical analysis methods that incorporate gender while fully accounting for sources of both the observed and unobserved heterogeneity across gender. Results suggest that the gender of the decision-maker may be an important factor in both hedonic preferences and WTP for biofortified food crops, although the results varied across three countries. In Zambia and Rwanda, gender differences were observed in hedonic preferences for vitamin A-biofortified orange maize and biofortified iron beans respectively, while no evidence of gender differences was observed in hedonic preferences for vitamin A biofortified cassava in Nigeria. On the other hand, gender differences in WTP for biofortified foods were observed across the three countries in the respective biofortified food crops. While it is not yet clear how the BDM and the nHCE can result in significantly different empirical estimates under similar conditions, these results suggest the solution could lie in controlling for design effects from the two techniques. Similarly, controlling for gender differences not only in the outcome variable but also in its determinants may be necessary to attain valid estimates of consumer acceptance of biofortified foods. Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019. Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development PhD Unrestricted

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Agyeman, Ernest Opoku. "Coping Mechanisms of Sub-Saharan African Female Immigrants with Breast Cancer." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4585.

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Coping mechanisms of breast cancer is a public health problem among African females, particularly, the Sub-Saharan African female immigrants. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the coping mechanisms of the research group that could be used to develop and implement an intervention program to promote the quality of adaptation to improve the quality of life. The study achieved the objective by the use of 1-to-1 interviews of purposive samples of 2 and 12 using Roy Adaptation Model. Interviewed data were collected from females diagnosed with breast cancer, in treatment, and with remissions. The pilot study (n = 2) result was used to appraise the method of the primary study. The primary study sample (N = 12) data were thematically analyzed using a grounding approach. Summary of the primary copings identified in the study was crying, religion, family support, social support networks, problem-focused, emotion-focused, and relaxation techniques. The rest were positive reappraisal, health insurance/medical staff, and prevention. The findings could not be generalized to the general female immigrant population because of the sample size. However, the study has added to the knowledge and understanding of the coping mechanism of the study population. Coping mechanisms, detecting breast cancer early, and education, constitute the primary interventions that may bring significant social change in the study population.

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Annor, Euphemia Nyantakyiwaah. "The impact of child marriage on the sub-Saharan African economy." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64631.

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Child marriage is a cultural and religious practice amongst people of different ethnicities and religious factions. The practice is particularly prevalent in the poorer parts of Africa and Asia. What is the link between poverty and child marriage and why is the practice more prevalent in poorer regions? For many years, researchers and activists have focused on the human rights aspects of child marriage and have offered the view that poverty fuels child marriage. This paper looks at the relationship between poverty and child marriage from a different angle: that child marriage feminises poverty and decreases the economic participation of women in sub-Saharan Africa, leading to economic stagnation in the region. This paper focuses on the seven countries within sub-Saharan Africa with the highest incidents of child marriage and explores the education levels, economic participation and social capital of women in these countries, in order to establish whether or not child marriage influences poverty. The research offered in this paper clearly shows that child marriage is one of the many causes of poverty. I conclude this paper by recommending that law makers and activists consider the economic impact of child marriage in the agenda to eradicate poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2017. Centre for Human Rights LLM Unrestricted

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Mavodza, Constancia. "Gender analysis: Sub-Saharan African nurses' migration experiences - a systematic review." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25456.

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Alleviating the global shortage of health workers, particularly nurses, is critical for health systems and health worker performance. Nurses are mostly women and make up the majority of the health workforce. Several factors have been identified as key players in the shortage crisis and migration is one of these factors. Nurses' migration from Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) increases the nurse shortage in the region and further constraints the already struggling health systems. Migration literature has dominantly focused on macro push-pull, brain drain and ethics theories of migration with limited exploration of relationships, interaction, norms, beliefs and values shaping migration trajectories and decisions. Despite the potential role of gender as an influential component of migration trajectories, there has been little research done to investigate gender in the context of migration of SSA nurses. This review aims to identify, describe, and summarize SSA nurses' migration experiences by assessing the influence of gender on these experiences. The dissertation is organized into 3 parts. Part A is a systematic review protocol that describes the background, justification and methodology of the review. A scoping exercise is conducted to to familiarize with the literature. This is followed by a qualitative systematic approach is utilised and the literature in eight databases is searched using key words and terms derived from an initial scoping exercise and the review questions. Suitable articles are defined and selected using a set inclusion and exclusion criteria. The suitable articles are then appraised and a thematic analysis using a gender focal lens is applied to them. Part B is a literature review of existing primary and theoretical research on health worker shortages; migration and gender analysis in health worker migration and shortages. It provides a background for the systematic review by defining migration, gender and gender analysis as well as presenting the scope on health worker and nurse shortages. The literature review encompasses the scoping exercise and concludes on the relevance of a gender-focused research on nurse migration. Part C. is the full systematic review presented as an article for Human Resources for Health Journal. Articles published on Sub-Saharan African (SSA) nurses' migration experiences between 2005 and 2016 are presented, subjected to a gender analysis to illuminate the results. The discussion and conclusion then follow. The results indicate that there is a paucity of empirical work on nurse migration experiences that is explicitly gender-focused. Gender analysis that is situated in social contexts and identifiers revealed that SSA nurses continuously renegotiate and reconfigure gender roles in child care as they move from one social context to another. Moreover migrating SSA nurse face challenges and limitations at macro, meso and micro levels of the system- that are linked to their identities as either professionals, African migrants and/or women. Therefore, the review underscores the importance of the relationships between gender and local/individual nuances and global/national determinants of migration. However, these studies are limited in their explicit gender and social focus and how it contextually affects health worker performance and quality care provision. More empirical studies are needed to investigate gender influences for migrating male nurses; nurses who remain; and by different geographical & cultural region – to allow comparison across different groups of nurses and determine conceptual generalizations for doing gender research. This dissertation will likely increase understanding of the role of gender in migration decision-making and experiences for SSA nurses across different professional, migrant and woman identities. This understanding has impacts on nurse motivation, capacity and capability as well quality care provision. Additionally, the dissertation provides a better understanding for incorporating gender analysis in health systems research, and also identifies avenues for future research.

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Kaulich, Florian, Ralph Luken, Alois Mhlanga, and Ingrid Polzerova. "Energy intensity and manufacturing firm characteristics in Sub-Saharan African countries." Inclusive and Sustainable Development Working Paper Series 16/2016, United Nations Industrial Development Organization, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5345/1/Kaulich_Luken_Mhlanga_Polzerova_2016_(UNIDO_WP_v2)_%2D%2D_Energy_Intensity_and_Manufacturing_Firm_Characteristics_in_Sub%2DSaharan_African_countries.pdf.

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We draw on a unique dataset for energy use by manufacturing firms in 18 Sub-Saharan African countries to estimate the relationship between energy intensity of production and firms' characteristics. Our results show that lower levels of energy intensity are associated with export activity, foreign ownership, size and capital-labor ratio, while higher levels of energy intensity are associated with a higher share of fuels in total energy consumption. We do not find a statistically significant relationship between energy intensity and the age of capital equipment or ownership of a generator, while our results on quality management certification are inconclusive.

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Diop, Ousmane. "Decolonizing Education in Post-Independence Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of Ghana." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1385073171.

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Shiu, Janice. "Relationship Between West African monsoon precipitation characteristics and maize yields across Sub-Saharan West Africa." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127147.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, May, 2020 Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 27-32). Sub-Saharan Africa faces significant challenges to its food security in the coming decades as climate change and rapid population growth strains its agricultural systems. In a region where crops are near exclusively rainfed, precipitation from the West African Monsoon (WAM) plays a significant role in the region's food production. This study aims to add to the limited literature on the relationship between country-level maize yields and the WAM, particularly through the use of high resolution precipitation estimates to characterize the spatiotemporal variability of the monsoon. Multi-year annual precipitation characteristics of the monsoon such as total precipitation, number of non-precipitating days, and timing were derived and aggregated across the maize growing regions of West African countries. Aggregated precipitation metrics were linearly regressed against country-level maize yields that have undergone timeseries analysis to remove trends occurring independently of the WAM. The metrics most correlated with maize yields while maintaining statistically significant slopes were the minimum of total precipitation, standard deviation of the number of non-precipitating days, and the minimum monsoon end date. The strong positive correlations of the minimum of total precipitation and minimum monsoon end date metrics suggest that the worst performing areas in terms of total precipitation and monsoon end date drive down annual country-level maize yields. The positive correlation found using the standard deviation of the number of non-precipitating days is uninterpretable as an instance of Simpson's paradox, as the opposite relationship is discovered in analyses using individual countries. These results show the efficacy of analyzing maize yields against satellite mapped precipitation characteristics of the WAM. by Janice Shiu. S.B. S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences

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Semmanda, Faith. "Factors affecting economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa : A panel data analysis of the factors that affect economic growth and the development of sub-Saharan African countries." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Nationalekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-40466.

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Economic growth rate differs largely between different countries. There are many opinions on which factors really affect the rate of growth in different economies and this causes debates. The factors that affect economic growth include political systems, social settings, economic freedom, human capital and institutional organization. These factors affect not only productivity, but also efficiency. This thesis’ purpose is to investigate and explain the factors that affect economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa. Through use of a fixed effects regression model, a panel data investigation will be conducted, and an analysis will be presented in this thesis. By using secondary data for sub-Saharan African countries from reliable sources, the factors that affect economic growth on an annual basis from year 2006 to 2017 are examined. Growth in gross domestic product per individual (GDP per capita growth) is the dependent variable and represents economic growth. The independent variables which are believed to affect this growth are also given, and these include: population growth, foreign direct investment, level of corruption, democracy, life expectancy at birth, expected years of schooling and economic freedom. The findings estimate that some of the chosen variables, for example population growth and life expectancy at birth significantly affect economic growth and development in these countries. The rest of the independent variables have an impact on economic growth but are not statistically significant according to this study.

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Afidegnon, Kodjo Galevissi. "Success Factors for Power Project Development Businesses in Sub-Saharan Africa." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6502.

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Despite the financing gap in the sub-Saharan Africa power sector, private investors struggle to capitalize on the opportunity because of the high failure rate of power project development companies. Using the conceptual framework of the behavioral finance theory, this multiple case study was conducted to explore the strategies used by executives of 4 companies in sub-Saharan Africa who successfully developed power projects within the last 5 years. Data were collected from semistructured interviews and a review of government and institutions' websites. Yin's 5-phased cycle for analyzing case studies provided the guidelines for data analysis. Three themes emerged from data analysis: market knowledge, stakeholder alignment, and commercial viability. Findings revealed strategies that current and aspiring power project development company executives may use as a guide to mitigate business failure risks. Implications of these findings for positive social change include the potential to increase the power generation capacity in sub-Saharan Africa and provide electricity to many of the 620 million Africans who currently lack access. Implications also include poverty alleviation and economic growth through creation of successful power project development companies.

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Budak, Sevim. "Trade and Economic Growth : An analysis based on Sub-Saharan African Countries." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1323.

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Kamaldeen, Yakubu Zahrrah. "SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN WOMEN AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: A CASE OF GHANAIAN WOMEN." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2713.

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The general purpose of this project is two in one; to analyze and assess gender mainstreaming and sustainable women development policies of the two main political parties in Ghana, and to evaluate the contribution of gender biased NGOs to the course of women empowerment in Ghana. This thesis, by applying the methodological techniques of qualitative content analysis and discourse analysis explores and examines the strength and weakness of the parties’ political manifestoes. It also explores and examines the activities of the NGOs- while evaluating some of projects they have undertaken in the development of Ghanaian women. The paper also offered suggestions that will help to achieve effective sustainable women development when adopted by the political parties and the concerned NGOs. Women in Development (WID) and Gender and Development (GAD), the most widely used theoretical frameworks in gender and development studies; provide the conceptual frames for the analysis in this thesis. They are widely applied throughout the analyses of this paper and form the foundation for realizing the aims and objectives of this work. The conclusion of this paper is able to identify pragmatic measures for ensuring gender mainstreaming and achieving effective affirmative action for Ghanaian women; it calls upon the political parties to exhibit effective commitment to gender mainstreaming by initiating policies that will give women a fair representation and participation in decision making processes in Ghana at all levels. The women NGOs on the other hand, should depart from over concentration on service provision activities and refocus their programmes and projects toward encouraging and preparing women to enter politics at local, districts and national levels. These measures, as identified by the analyses; are the strongest weapons for achieving effective women empowerment in Ghana

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Noah, Ndela Ntsama Jean Frederic. "Shocks, frictions, and business cycles in a developing Sub-Saharan African economy." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12609/.

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This thesis examines the sources of business cycle fluctuations in a developing Sub-Saharan African economy. We develop an open economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model (DSGE), which is log-linearized, calibrated, and estimated with Bayesian techniques using South Africa macroeconomic data. The model incorporates various features such as external habit formation, internal investment adjustment cost, variable capacity utilization, domestically produced goods prices and wages stickiness, incomplete exchange rate pass-through, and financial accelerator. The DSGE model also integrates seven orthogonal structural shocks: a financial market shock that affects both the premium on the assets held by households and the foreign interest rate, a cost-push shock, a productivity shock in the domestically produced goods sector, an export demand shock, a terms of trade shock, a government spending shock, and a monetary policy shock. The introduction of those structural shocks allows for an empirical investigation of their effects and contributions to business cycle fluctuations in the South African economy. Simulating the DSGE model and decomposing the forecast error variances of the observable macroeconomic variables, it emerges that the main driving forces of the growth rates of real GDP, consumption, and investment, as well as the trade balance to GDP ratio, are the export demand shock, the government spending shock, the terms of trade shock, and the productivity shock. The productivity, the price mark-up, and the terms of trade shocks drive the aggregate inflation. The financial market shock predominantly impels the domestic interest rate, while the monetary policy shock largely causes the exchange rate fluctuations. Real, nominal, and financial frictions are necessary to capture the dynamic of the South Africa macroeconomic data and critical to explain their volatility and persistence.

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Dennis, Allen. "Determinants of exports in adjusting sub-Saharan African countries : evidence from Ghana." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251769.

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Yago, Milton Acaye. "Determinants of investment and growth in Sub-Saharan African countries : 1980-1997." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392219.

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Duby, Zoe. "Heterosexual penile/anal intercourse and HIV in five sub-Saharan African countries." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15485.

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The HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa is understood to be primarily 'sexually transmitted'. The majority of HIV prevention efforts in the region have focused on 'heterosexual sex' as the key transmission vector, without defining what 'heterosexual sex' refers to. Penile-anal intercourse (PAI) has the highest per act risk of HIV acquisition sexually and potentially accounts for a large proportion of HIV infection. Inclusion of PAI in HIV programming has typically only been in reference to men who have sex with men. Despite evidence suggesting that heterosexual PAI is common practice in sub-Saharan Africa, and is likely to be a significant contributor to HIV transmission, it has been largely excluded from HIV interventions. Greater understanding of sexual decision-making and risk-taking related to heterosexual PAI would enable evidence-based HIV intervention. This thesis presents data on conceptualisations and perceptions of heterosexual PAI and associated practices in sub-Saharan Africa, language and discourse pertaining to PAI, as well as challenges in conducting research on it. Qualitative data were gathered in five sub-Saharan African countries between 2010 and 2014. These findings demonstrate that heterosexual PAI is practiced in sub-Saharan Africa for a variety of reasons, some of which have implications for HIV transmission. Many of the factors that influence sexual decision-making and risk-taking related to heterosexual PAI are specific to this sexual behaviour. In addition, the relationship contexts in which heterosexual PAI takes place, gendered power dynamics, sexual agency and 'sexual scripts' framing PAI behaviour, are distinct from those for penile/vaginal intercourse. HIV transmission risks associated with PAI are exacerbated by taboos, social stigmatisation and sexual communication norms, impeding effective communication and safe sex negotiation, limiting individuals' ability to make informed decisions, and impacting on the reporting of PAI in research and clinical settings. Drawing on socio-behavioural theories to guide the data analysis, I developed theoretical models to explain and understand heterosexual PAI practice. The findings presented in this thesis make a unique contribution to the field, being the first in-depth description and analysis of heterosexual PAI behaviour and related practices in sub-Saharan Africa. This research highlights the importance of paying careful attention to the role of heterosexual PAI in HIV transmission in Africa.

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Center, Katherine E., Jayleen K. L. Gunn, Ibitola O. Asaolu, Steven J. Gibson, and John E. Ehiri. "Contraceptive Use and Uptake of HIV-Testing among Sub-Saharan African Women." Public Library of Science, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614630.

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Despite improved availability of simple, relatively inexpensive, and highly effective antiretroviral treatment for HIV/AIDS, the disease remains a major public health challenge for women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Given the numerous barriers in access to care for women in this region, every health issue that brings them into contact with the health system should be optimized as an opportunity to integrate HIV/AIDS prevention. Because most non-condom forms of modern contraception require a clinical appointment for use, contraception appointments could provide a confidential opportunity for access to HIV counseling, testing, and referral to care. This study sought to investigate the relationship between contraceptive methods and HIV testing among women in SSA. Data from the Demographic and Health Survey from four African countries-Congo, Mozambique, Nigeria, and Uganda-was used to examine whether modern (e.g., pills, condom) or traditional (e.g., periodic abstinence, withdrawal) forms of contraception were associated with uptake of HIV testing. Data for the current analyses were restricted to 35,748 women with complete information on the variables of interest. Chi-square tests and logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between uptake of HIV testing and respondents' baseline characteristics and contraceptive methods. In the total sample and in Mozambique, women who used modern forms of contraception were more likely to be tested for HIV compared to those who did not use contraception. This positive association was not demonstrated in Congo, Nigeria, or Uganda. That many women who access modern contraception are not tested for HIV in high HIV burden areas highlights a missed opportunity to deliver an important intervention to promote maternal and child health. Given the increasing popularity of hormonal contraception methods in low-income countries, there is an urgent need to integrate HIV counseling, testing, and treatment into family planning programs. Women on hormonal contraceptives should be encouraged to continue to use condoms for HIV-prevention.

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Machiyama, Kazuyo. "A re-assessment of fertility trends in 17 Sub-Saharan African countries." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2011. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/989912/.

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Some recent studies have suggested that fertility decline has slowed down in several sub-Saharan Africa countries, but have reached contradictory conclusions. This thesis re-assessed fertility trends in 17 sub-Saharan African countries over two decades. The first part of this study examined the data quality of 63 Demographic and Health Surveys. Date and age misreporting, particularly age displacement of children, was prevalent and the degrees varied across the surveys within the countries, which have affected fertility trends. Using a Loess regression and adjusting for common errors, trend estimation methods were introduced. The new methods produced both robust trend estimates and uncertainty intervals. The results pointed out the limitations of DHS data for trend estimation and the weakness of the earlier studies. In six countries the pace of decline has more than halved since the 1980s, but no country has it ceased entirely. The second part of the thesis proposed modifications in Bongaarts’ proximate determinants framework and applied them in order to explore the extent to which changes in proximate determinants support the Loess fertility trends. The results suggested that the changes in each proximate determinant varied greatly across the countries, and other proximate determinants, apart from contraception, have played important roles in inhibiting fertility in the region. Changes in sexual activity among married and unmarried were found. Overall, the trends of the TFR estimates from the proximate determinants framework were consistent with those of the Loess estimations. Specifically, the projected TFRs in the five countries (Benin, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria and Zambia) where the Loess estimates depicted deceleration also failed to decline in the same periods. The study recommends careful assessments of fertility trends using the rigorous methods, balancing the quality and quantity of questions in the DHS Questionnaire, and further research on marriage and family systems in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Walton, Jeff S. "Sub-Saharan Africa and a Crisis of Sustainability| Exploring Wellbeing and the Role of Ecological Economics in Sustainable Development." Thesis, Prescott College, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10286671.

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This case study explores wellbeing and sustainable development in rural sub-Saharan Africa – a culturally and ecologically diverse and vibrant region devastated by colonial and postcolonial injustices that have created persistent and pervasive social, economic, and ecological crises. The growth-oriented capitalist economic model that has shaped the operative understanding of wellbeing and perpetuated the invented reality of underdevelopment also guides large-scale sustainable development efforts that persistently fail to significantly improve wellbeing among rural communities. Ecological economics may provide a paradigm for sustainable development that is culturally, ecologically, and economically more appropriate – and more effective – for both assessing and improving wellbeing. Twenty-seven participants from two rural, forest-dependent communities in Cameroon’s Southwest Province were surveyed to assess perceptions of wellbeing and social-ecological resilience. These communities are heavily invested in a sustainable agriculture initiative that reflects an ecological economics worldview and key dimensions of community resilience. Results indicate that perceptions of wellbeing are influenced by both gender and occupation, and that the sustainable agriculture initiative positively impacts perceptions of wellbeing for farmers more than non-farmers, and female farmers more than male farmers. This suggests that participation in the program may positively influence perceptions of subjective and community wellbeing. Further study in these communities, and across similar communities may shed light on how ecological economics might provide a practical basis for broadening an understanding of wellbeing and for informing the approach, design, and implementation of sustainable development initiatives.

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Munetsi, Ashley W. "Democratization in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/115.

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Democracy's advance on the African continent has been mixed, this article analyzes three countries which reflect this situation. Ghana represents the good, a country now considered a liberal democracy; Kenya represents the bad, although possessing the right conditions to advance its democracy the country has slid into an ambiguous zone; the Democratic Republic of Congo represents the ugly, after showing initial promise it still has significant issues halting its burgeoning democratic progress. These three countries represent the prototypical situations facing democratizing Sub-Saharan countries and analyzing them can inform what factors aid or have hindered democratic progress not only for them but the region in general.

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Eger, Katharine. "An Analysis of Education Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1419.

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Sub-Saharan Africa continues to fall behind other developing regions regarding educational attainment, despite recent progress in enrollment. This thesis examines a variety of external conditional factors that could contribute to a country’s relative success, in terms of years spent in school using a prediction model that compares years enrolled in secondary education as a foundation to determine over- and under-performing countries in sub-Saharan Africa. By exploring various educational policies, historical patterns, and projects executed in Rwanda, South Africa, Ghana, and Botswana, this thesis sheds light on four main challenges that can impact educational attainment: ethnic and racial tensions, an acute shortage of learning materials and trained teachers, inappropriate curricula, and high costs of education. Some of these challenges have been met with an array of policies, with mixed results in terms of the soundness and fairness of policies as well as the effectiveness of implementation. This thesis argues that to facilitate the creation of an effective school system, education policies must focus on more appropriate reallocations of funding, improved teacher-training quality throughout rural regions, applicable and localized curricula, conditional cash transfer programs, and long-term improvements in the job market.

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Ojo, Adegboye Philip. "Mortuary tropes and identity articulation in Francophone Caribbean and Sub-Saharan African narratives /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3095268.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003. Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 198-215). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Ridley, Martin Edwin. "Accounting for the increasing securitization of LGBTI groups in sub-Saharan African states." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2017. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/1463/.

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Societies in Sub-Saharan African states demonstrate a growing hostility towards sexual minorities. SSA states have politicized LGBTI identity and characterized it as being not an authentic African identity, but a product of Western values. LGBTI identity being characterized as an existential threat to the very moral identity of SSA societies; this environment has facilitated the construction of a climate of fear for LGBTI groups that in some SSA states has led to the securitization of LGBTI citizens. The research for this thesis evidences the role of political actors residing in SSA states, working actively with and funded by international conservative and religious organizations mainly from the USA. These actors share both the goal of preventing LGBTI rights emerging in SSA states and achieving the securitization or politicization of LGBTI identity. The narrative is positioned within inter-subjectively constructed meanings of identity; an African and religious identity which is seen as traditional and conservative, mainly either Christian or Islamic. A securitization process has emerged in some SSA states such as Uganda where the question of identity has been framed as an existential question. The changes required to incorporate acceptance of LGBTI identities in Uganda together with any legitimacy given to those relationships, is posited as an existential threat to the traditional African and religiously conservative moral identity so fundamental to Ugandan identity. Other states such as Ghana and Kenya have politicized and criminalized LGBTI identity, are hostile to any rights for those groups and continue to reject it across society; but importantly have not securitized those groups as found elsewhere on the continent. The role of religious conservatives is primarily in providing leadership within communities and pressure on politicians to reject what they see as an ontological assault that threatens the very identity of the state and society. Not only are LGBTI communities denied the right to make individual choices about their social, political, personal or economic futures in African societies. They are exposed to harsh laws or family or group/tribal actions that are sometimes life threatening to those not conforming to accepted social norms.

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Sinyangwe, Henry K. J. "Risk-Taking Behaviors of First-Generation Sub-Saharan African-Born U.S. Resident Men." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7077.

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African-born residents of the United States have a higher incidence of HIV than African Americans. Factors such as lifestyle, habits, behavior practices, and activities may predispose African-born residents to behave sexually in ways that place them at risk of becoming infected with HIV. This study used a qualitative narrative approach to understand the lived experiences first generation Sub-Saharan African-born men who are U.S. residents to analyze the behaviors that expose them to HIV. To analyze data, the study used the health-belief model as the conceptual framework and NVivo for data analysis to assist in identifying, categorizing, and analyzing common themes and grouping unstructured data. The study used a purposive convenience sampling of 14 first generation Sub-Saharan African-born men who are U.S. residents residing in the states of Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania and discovered that they engage in sexual risk taking behaviors which include: having multiple sexual partners, preferring heterosexual relationships without a condom, have limited knowledge of HIV prevalence in the United States, and preferring to have sex with both African born females and American born women who are thought to be healthy. Their tendency to visit strip clubs, visit sex houses, and to abuse alcohol was also apparent in the study. Social change implications include adding new relevant knowledge in the understanding of how HIV spreads among Sub-Saharan African-born male U.S. residents by discovering the risk behaviors in which Sub-Saharan African men engage to expose themselves to contracting HIV disease. This knowledge can influence future health education efforts and target culture specific behaviors.

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Komba, Gabriel Vitus. "Essays on investor behaviour and corporate governance in sub-Saharan African frontier markets." Thesis, University of Hull, 2016. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:14000.

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This thesis consists of three essays that address the question, whether the dynamics of investing in the developed markets are applicable in the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) frontier markets following the emerging market’s experience. The first essay (chapter 3) explores the existence of herding behaviour among investors in a sample of 10 frontier markets. The study employs the cross-sectional absolute deviation (CSAD) test for detecting presence of herding behaviour. The findings reveal the presence of herd formation during the period under study in all markets. Furthermore, the evidence shows a non-existence of herding during periods of extreme market conditions. Moreover, the South African market does not seem to motivate herding in other African markets. The second essay examines the impact of corporate governance practices of the East African Community (EAC) listed companies on performance. The present study employs the fixed-effects (FE) and the random-effects (RE) – two-stage least square – instrumental variable (RE-2SLS-IV) regression models to analyse data from a sample of 47 firms. The empirical investigation shows that the size of the board has a positive impact on market values but a negative effect on operating performance. The essay also documents that the largest investors, most of whom are strategic investors too, have an adverse effect on market values, whereas they have little or no effect on improving operating performance. The result also suggests foreigners and civil servants (or politicians) board members to impact positively on operating performance. The third study is an examination of the influence of psychological factors on retail investors’ trading behaviour at the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE). The study employed a survey approach. The main finding is that retail investors in the market are prone to several behavioural biases. Perceived trading knowledge and perceived experience, for example, affect both the trading frequency and portfolio diversification. The tendency to focus on attention grabbing stocks explains why retail investors at the DSE prefer domestic over foreign stocks and the extent of diversifying their portfolios. The tendency to exhibit the disposition effect is mainly explained by gender, extrapolation of past performance, and perceived competence.

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Noble, Keith Edward. "The Complete Guide To Understanding The U.S.-sub-Saharan African Trade Relationship: Analysis and Opinions On The Ghanaian Implementation Of The African Growth & Opportunity Act (AGOA)—A Case Study." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1155907315.

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Berger, Tania. "Slum Areas and Insecure Tenure in Urban Sub-Saharan Africa : A Conceptual Review of African Best Practices." Thesis, Uppsala University, Institute for Housing and Urban Research, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7110.

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Urbanisation processes in developing countries are resulting in a rapidly increasing proportion of habitants living in urban slum areas. In the international development debate the lack of tenure security for slum dwellers in developing countries is considered to be an essentially important problem. Within the framework of the UN Millennium Development Programme the necessity of efforts towards increased tenure security for marginalised urban residents was agreed upon. Sub-Saharan Africa is the region where the overall progress towards improved living conditions for slum area residents is showing the least positive results. This paper investigates the occurrence of activities in the region which show an ambition of improving tenure security for people living in urban slum areas. It does so by examining cases submitted from African countries to the UN-HABITAT database of best international practices in the improvement of living conditions.

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Okyerefo, Michael Perry Kweku. "The cultural crisis of Sub-Saharan Africa as depicted in the African writers' series : a sociological perspective /." Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb377428273.

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Malgas, Pucuka Penelope. "Regional economic co-operation in Sub-Saharan Africa with special reference to the Southern African Development Communities." Thesis, Peninsula Technikon, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/980.

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Thesis (MTech (Business))--Peninsula Technikon, Cape Town, 2002 South Africa has long been a part of the region although it may be a new comer to some institutions established. One of the reasons why SADC was established was to reduce economic dependence on South Africa. The latter has since its first democratic elections been integrated into the region of South African Development Community which comprises of 14 members. South Africa commands an economy three times the size of all SADC economies. It is believed that the economic spread effects from integration with the South African economy will act as an engine of growth in the region. The effect of South Africa's economic dominant role on other SADC member states is a concern. The study seeks to determine the extent to which South Africa can be of assistance to other member States given its own internal problems such a unemployment and poverty. South Africa has a major role to play in terms of stabilising the region and given the expectations from the international community. It has vested interest in the region as it exports more than it imports from the region. The region has potential for investment opportunities and that is made impossible by political instability and political intolerance in the region. The SADC is faced with a serious question whether a member state can enter in the internal affairs of another member state whose internal activities adversely affect the economy of that particular country and that of other member states.

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Komeh, Tamba Fillie. "The Effects of Private Investment on Growth in Sub Saharan African Between 1990-2008." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19363.

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Sanusi, Ramonu Abiodun. "Representations of Sub-Saharan African Women in Colonial and Post-Colonial Novels in French." Thesis, view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3136444.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004. Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 175-186). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Helander, Elisabet Maria Erika. "The influence of Chinese news in English on mass media in Sub-Saharan Africa: a case study of Kenyan and South African journalism and media content." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/408.

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This thesis conciders the conditions for news reporting in two post-authoritarian African nations, and places focus on Chinese media’s influence on the local journalism and media system. The question of how much influence China’s international media has in Africa, has been brought up by communication scholars, but not yet empirically studied. Based on a theoretical framework of how the structure of the media system dictates the practice of journalism, this research enquiry scrutinises the mass media coverage and framing of the news that involves Chinese engagements in Africa. The research question concerns whether China’s investment efforts in the area of media, culture and education have discernible impact on journalism and mass media content in Kenya and South Africa. The context which gives rise to the research question consists of a collection of sometimes instrumentalist literature, describing the nature and the intention of China’s expanding engagement in Africa, as well as an academic debate about what consequences the relationship has for social and political development in African countries. In such debates it has been discussed whether the Chinese commercial investments or direct aid is benefitting social justice in Africa or rather serve to widen existing inequalities. It is in this debate assumed that while Western countries have, since the end of the Cold War, promoted a democratic development model on the African continent, China is currently advertising an alternative model for development. However, there has not been any study to date, which tests this assumption. This study was conducted to gather empirical evidence for a better understanding of the scope and implications of Chinese international media and cultural exchange in Africa. The research is based on interviews with media practitioners who worked for Kenyan and South African media organisations, and content analysis of newspaper articles in the respective countries. The methodological approach forms two separate parts, which both help to answer the research question. By triangulation of the results from the two-pronged study, some significant findings have been drawn. The media practitioners in the majority display a critical view towards Chinese international media as source of information and forum for debate. The result of the content analysis indicates that any influence of China’s international media on local reporting is limited to certain publications, depending on media funding, ownership, and relation to the government.

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Liu, Mao-Mei. "The social roots of Sub-Saharan African migration to Europe: networks, resources and context." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392602.

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This dissertation explores the social determinants of international migration between sub-Saharan Africa and Europe from approximately 1970-2008. The study begins by focusing on Senegalese migration to Europe (France, Italy, and Spain) to examine the role of migrant social networks in international migration and extends prior research by testing the strength of tie theory for a wide range of personal ties, decomposing networks by sources and resources, and disentangling network effects from complementary explanations (household migration strategies). In the second part of the dissertation, I seek to understand whether migrations of different legal statuses appear to reflect different kinds of migration strategies and different uses of social resources. Finally, I explore how economic and political contexts influence the role of migrant social capital in migration to Europe from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana and Senegal. Aquesta tesi explora els determinants socials de la migració internacional entre l'Àfrica sub-sahariana i Europa entre 1970 a 2008 aproximadament. L'estudi comença centrant-se en la migració senegalesa a Europa (França , Itàlia i Espanya ) per examinar el paper de les xarxes socials migratòries en la migració internacional, i s’esté l'estat de l'art en comprovar la teoria de “fortalesa del vincle” en una àmplia gamma de vincles personals, descomposant les xarxes en les fonts i els recursos, i separant els efectes de xarxa de les explicacions complementàries (estratègies migratòries de les llars). En el treball següent, s'estudia si les migracions en diferents estatus legals representen diferents tipus d'estratègies migratòries i els usos diferents dels recursos socials. Finalment, s'ha explorat com els contextos polítics i econòmics influeixen en el paper del capital social migratori en la migració a Europa des de la República Democràtica del Congo, Ghana i Senegal.

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Appiah-Padi, Stephen Kodjo. "Study abroad and global citizenship, sub-Saharan African students at the University of Alberta." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0017/NQ46800.pdf.

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Djimeu, Wouabe Eric. "Essays on Civil War, HIV/AIDS, and Human capital in Sub-Saharan African Countries." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00599616.

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This thesis is based on three essays. The first chapter analyses the impact of 27 years of civil war in Angola on human capital, expenditures per adult equivalent and fertility. The prediction of the effects of civil war is done through a neoclassical unitary household model in the tradition of Rosenzweig. Using instrumental variable method, this thesis shows that civil war has a negative and disastrous impact in short-term on health of children, this effect is persistent. Civil war has no impact on expenditures per adult equivalent. It increases enrollment and decreases fertility in the short term. The second chapter ofthis thesis analyzes the effectiveness of a social program in a conflict country such as Angola and explores whether this effectiveness depends on the intensity of the conflict. Our identification strategy is based on the political geography of the deployment of the program based on a model of spatial competition of Hotelling. This thesis shows that the Angola Social Fund had a positive impact on expenditures per adult equivalent and on one of the main anthropometric measurements namely the height for age z-score. The program's effectiveness in function to the intensity of the conflict is analyzed using the local instrumental variable estimator. The thesis shows that the program's effectiveness increases with the intensity of the conflict. The last chapter of this thesis analyzes in the case of Cameroon, the impact of teacher training on HIV/AIDS. The two criteria for selecting participating schools, leads us to choose as identification strategy the regression discontinuity design. This thesis shows that 15 to 17 year old girls in teacher training schools are between 7 and 10 percentage points less likely to have started childbearing. For 12 to 13 year old girls, the likelihood of self-reported abstinence and condom use is also significantly higher in treated schools.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'African, Sub-Saharan'

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