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Journal articles on the topic 'African youths'
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1
Michael, Paul K. "Racism, Vulnerability, and the Youth Struggle in Africa." Dialogue and Universalism 31, no. 1 (2021): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/du20213117.
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Because youths are particularly vulnerable to social problems, philosophers since Plato to date have continued to show interest in developing, empowering, and protecting the youths. African youths are particularly far more than ordinarily vulnerable to various social problems including racism especially from outside the continent, mainly because of the shortfall in youth development and empowerment strategies in most African countries. Consequently, young people are pulled to countries with resources and infrastructures that provide them with opportunities to enlarge their capabilities and improve their quality of life, where they are also faced with discriminatory, prejudicial, and antagonistic treatments simply because of their skin colour. So, one way to look at racism and reduce its effects is to examine those socio-political as well as economic structures that constitute obstacles to youth development and empowerment, and which push and expose the young in Africa to the ill-treatments emanating from racism.
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Deemua, G. A. "Sports And Youth Development Among Universities In The West African Region." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 6, no. 12 (December 14, 2019): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.612.7409.
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In all societies of the world, a virile youth is the bedrock on which national integration and development is predicated. The youths are the background and the building blocks of any nation. Man, today is enjoying lot of luxuries providing by the advanced technological development on one hand and facing lot of physical, mental, emotional, and social problems on the other. Collectively, all these factors affect family life, society and nation adversely in the long run. Further, advancement in recreational gadgets like T.V., Cable T.V., Video-CD games, computer games have made the child to have less interest in physical activity training resulting in some many crimes and delinquencies among children and youths. The nexus between youth and sport is development. Absolutely, sport if properly managed can be used to develop and take the youths out of the street and provide opportunities for youths to learn some of life’s importance lessons for a better youthful society. The focus of this paper is to examine sports as a veritable tool for youth development. It highlighted youths skill development in sports, youths sports involvement and crime control, sports and youth restiveness and youth character development. It also presented the challenges facing the youths in sports. It concluded with recommendations which include harnessing the potential of sports by putting in place policies and programmes that can put our youth on the right path at all levels of education.
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Straker, Jay. "Youth, globalisation, and millennial reflection in a Guinean forest town." Journal of Modern African Studies 45, no. 2 (May 14, 2007): 299–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x07002558.
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The last two decades have witnessed a surge in studies of youth culture and social practice. In Africa, as elsewhere, this body of youth-centred research and writing has devoted considerable attention to specific groups within a given country's young population, while largely neglecting others seen to lack either culturally innovative or politically subversive traits. Youths in large cities and young combatants involved in insurgency or counter-insurgency have shared centre stage in studies of youthful Africa. This article argues for broadening the research agenda of African youth studies, calling for increased attention to the interpretive work performed by provincial youths as they try to understand and hopefully alter the future prospects of their communities in the new century. It shows how ideas about the meanings of globalisation and ‘the millennium’, intertwined with experiences of a recent refugee ‘crisis’, are shaping Guinean youths' socio-political reflections and yearnings. In doing so, it stresses just how complicated and cosmopolitan ‘provincial’ life, particularly for young people, has become in Guinea's forest region, as well as the variety and sophistication of the historical ‘materials’ and interpretive schemes through which these youths depict and judge possible local futures.
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Theron, Linda C. "Researching resilience: lessons learned from working with rural, Sesotho-speaking South African young people." Qualitative Research 16, no. 6 (August 1, 2016): 720–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468794116652451.
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Theories of youth resilience neglect youths’ lived experiences of what facilitates positive adjustment to hardship. The Pathways-to-Resilience Study addressed this by inviting Canadian, Chinese, Colombian, New Zealand and South African (SA) youths to share their resilience-related knowledge. In this article I report the challenges endemic to the rural, resource-poor, South African research site that complicated this Pathways ideal. I illustrate that blind application of a multi-country study design, albeit well-designed, potentially excludes youths with inaccessible parents, high mobility, and/or cellular telephone contact details. Additionally, I show that one-on-one interview methods do not serve Sesotho-speaking youths well, and that the inclusion of adult ‘insiders’ in a research team does not guarantee regard for local youths’ insights. I comment critically on how these challenges were addressed and use this to propose seven lessons that are likely to inform, and support, youth-advantaging qualitative research in similar majority-world contexts.
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Williams, Monique, and Isis Sapp‐Grant. "Frompunishmenttorehabilitation:Empowering African‐American youths." Souls 2, no. 1 (January 2000): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10999940009362199.
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Mude, William, and Lillian Mwanri. "Negotiating Identity and Belonging in a New Space: Opportunities and Experiences of African Youths in South Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (July 29, 2020): 5484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155484.
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This paper was part of a large study that aimed to explore determinants of increased suicides among African youths in South Australia. As part of this larger study, narratives from participants indicated that identity crisis could be a potential determinant of suicide. This paper reports on how African youths negotiate and form identity in Australia. A qualitative inquiry was undertaken with 31 African youths using a focus group and individual interviews. Data analysis was guided by a framework for qualitative research. These youths negotiated multiple identities, including those of race, gender, ethnicity and their origin. ‘Freedom and opportunity’, ‘family relationships’, ‘neither belonging here nor there’ and ‘the ability to cope against the paradox of resourcefulness in Australia’ appeared to be important themes in negotiating individual identities. An opportunity was used to acknowledge privileges available in Australia relative to Africa. However, the extent to which individuals acted on these opportunities varied, affecting a person’s sense of purpose, identity formation and belonging in Australia. The loss of social networks following migration, and cultural differences between African and Australian societies, shaped the experience of belonging and identity formation. These findings are crucial as they indicate the need for policies and practices that consider experiences of youths as they form their identity in Australia. Further studies with large numbers of participants are needed to explore these issues further among African youths in Australia.
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Michael, Paul K. "Youth Vulnerability and the Challenge of Human Development in Africa." Culture and Dialogue 8, no. 1 (May 19, 2020): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24683949-12340079.
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Abstract This paper offers a philosophical response to an aspect of the youth question in Africa – the question of youth vulnerability and its consequences on the human development outcome. To achieve the desired goal, first, I stretch the concept of pathogenic vulnerability from being more than ordinarily vulnerable to being far more than ordinarily vulnerable. Second, I identify two elements of African cultural structure – primacy of community over the individual and the belief that elders always possess superior knowledge over the youth – that influence and restrict capacity/capabilities in African youth and therefore make their transition to adulthood defective. Consequently, the African youth is deprived of the special opportunity to develop, encounter and explore the various character options from which he/she learns, selects and forms her identity. Third, I argue that these restraints of capacity/capabilities make African youths far more than ordinarily vulnerable to human development outcome.
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Nweke, Kizito Chinedu, and Ikenna Paschal Okpaleke. "The Re-emergence of African Spiritualities: Prospects and Challenges." Transformation: An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies 36, no. 4 (September 10, 2019): 246–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265378819866215.
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Indigenous spiritualities among Africans, both in Africa and in the diaspora, are flourishing. In Lagos, Nigeria, for example, shrines compete with churches and mosques in adherents and positions. Beyond Africa, the rise of African spiritualities has become conspicuous. Reasons range from Afrocentrism to anti-religious tendencies to the popular religions, from racial animosity to politico-economic ideologies, yet insufficient attention is being paid to this new Afro-spiritualities. Can this renaissance in African spirituality bring forth or support a renaissance in Africa? Africa arguably domesticates the future of humanity. From ecological perspectives to the productivity of offspring, from economic potentials to viable youths for the future, Africa must become progressively discursive in the global platform. A good way to indulge in this would be to understand the spirit of Africa, in the traditional spiritualities that constructed orientations and worldviews of the people. Understanding and addressing African spiritualities constitute an important key in understanding the African identity.
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Park, Jie Y. "Responding to Marginalization." SAGE Open 7, no. 1 (January 2017): 215824401668491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244016684912.
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This article offers an analysis of how refugee youths from Africa used and shifted languages and discourses in the United States. Drawing on sociocultural theories of language and utilizing ethnographic discourse and classroom observation data, the author illustrates the varied ways in which three high school–aged refugee youths used languages to make sense of who and where they are; respond to social, religious, and linguistic marginalization in the United States; and challenge narrow perceptions of African Muslims. This article brings to fore a group that, although facing a unique set of challenges in the United States, is rarely included in research on youth language practices and im/migration. Attention to their multilingual practices and the multilayered nature of their identity is central to understanding how refugee youths experience school in their new land, and how they see themselves and others. This understanding can guide school personnel, educational researchers, and community-based youth workers in their respective work with refugee students.
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Collison, Holly. "A Game for the Good?: Football, youths and the Liberian civil conflict." African Research & Documentation 116 (2011): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00019154.
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Africa's first republic was founded in the mid-19th century by recently freed American and Caribbean slaves originally stolen from Central and West Africa. This West African nation became fittingly known as Liberia or “Land of the Free”. In 1847 the Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Liberia written by Baptist Minister Hilary Teage was signed by representatives of the major counties, Liberia adopted a constitution based on the American model and until the 1980s was considered a beacon of stability in Africa. Shortly after this date the small West African nation was a global byword for atrocity, carnage and child soldier militias. The execution of President William Tolbert on the 12th April 1980 in a military coup d'etat fronted by Sergeant Samuel Doe and supported by the Peoples Redemption Council represented the end of the Americo-Liberian “settler” political dominance and reflected the indigenous people's desire for change.
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Collison, Holly. "A Game for the Good?: Football, youths and the Liberian civil conflict." African Research & Documentation 116 (2011): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00019154.
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Africa's first republic was founded in the mid-19th century by recently freed American and Caribbean slaves originally stolen from Central and West Africa. This West African nation became fittingly known as Liberia or “Land of the Free”. In 1847 the Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Liberia written by Baptist Minister Hilary Teage was signed by representatives of the major counties, Liberia adopted a constitution based on the American model and until the 1980s was considered a beacon of stability in Africa. Shortly after this date the small West African nation was a global byword for atrocity, carnage and child soldier militias. The execution of President William Tolbert on the 12th April 1980 in a military coup d'etat fronted by Sergeant Samuel Doe and supported by the Peoples Redemption Council represented the end of the Americo-Liberian “settler” political dominance and reflected the indigenous people's desire for change.
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Alao, Abiodun, and Roelien Brink. "Strategies for Using ICT Skills in Educational Systems for Sustainable Youth Employability in South Africa." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 9, 2022): 16513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416513.
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Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can play a significant role in the socioeconomic development of many countries. Digitisation in South Africa has increased, and ICT skills are pivotal in the sustainability of youth employability in the labour market. Hence, ICT skills, soft, hard, and technical skills are required in government, private organisations, and businesses. This study aims to investigate possible ways educational systems can adopt ICT skills to improve youth employability in South Africa. This study examines the factors that affect youth employability such as lack of ICT skills, access, income, affordability, infrastructure, poverty gap, inequality, lack of education, lack of access to information, and high demand for IT skills expectations in organisations as among the challenges that hinder youth employability in the South African economy. We propose that educational institutions should incorporate practical pedagogy to prepare qualified youths for the labour market. This study focuses on using ICTs for the sustainable development of youth employability in South Africa. The Sustainable Livelihood Theory was used as the study framework while the quantitative method was used for the data collection process. The researchers used close-ended and open-ended questions to draft a questionnaire to gather data from 49 respondents. We triangulated the received data from youths living in the East Rand of Johannesburg. Results derived from the study show the significance of ICT skills in educational systems on youth employability. The practical implication of the study recommends that policymakers implement ICT skill strategies to support educational institutions to prepare youths for the labour market.
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Leatherwood, Darnell, and Dexter R. Voisin. "A Longitudinal Examination of Parenting Influences and School Engagement among African American and Latino Male Youth." International Journal of Higher Education 6, no. 2 (April 20, 2017): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v6n2p225.
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Some racial minority males lag behind their White counterparts with regards to school engagement. However, few studies have examined this association longitudinally nor explored whether such a relationship might be mediated by youths’ own educational aspirations. Therefore, both considerations are addressed in this study. Among a sample of 226 African American and Latino male youth and their caregivers, measures were assessed for parenting influences (i.e., monitoring, discipline, educational, economic and life aspirations), youth educational aspirations, and school engagement (i.e., motivation and attainment). Parents’ education and life aspirations for their sons and the youths’ educational attainment were positively and significantly related. Moreover, the relationship between parents’ educational and life aspirations and academic engagement (i.e., school motivation and educational attainment) were mediated by youths’ educational aspirations. Implications for promoting the school engagement of these youth are discussed based on these findings.
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Bergère, Clovis. "From Street Corners to Social Media: The Changing Location of Youth Citizenship in Guinea." African Studies Review 63, no. 1 (April 25, 2019): 124–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2019.3.
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Abstract:This study explores social media platforms, Facebook and Twitter in particular, as emergent sites of youth citizenship in Guinea. These need to be understood within a longer history of youth citizenship, one that includes street corners and other informal mediations of youth politics. This counters dominant discourses both within the Guinean public sphere and in academic research that decry Guinean social media practices as lacking, or Guinean youth as frivolous or inconsequential in their online political engagements. Instead, young Guineans’ emergent digital practices need to be approached as productive political engagements. This contributes to debates about African youths by examining the role of digital technologies in shaping young Africans’ political horizons.
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BEEKA, BEEM H., and MIKE RIMMINGTON. "ENTREPRENEURSHIP AS A CAREER OPTION FOR AFRICAN YOUTHS." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 16, no. 01 (March 2011): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946711001707.
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This paper presents findings from a pilot study of four African entrepreneurs new to established, all who started their business as young people. Their narratives, enhanced by the inclusion of significant events derived by the use of the critical incident technique, provide useful oral insights into their entrepreneurial heuristics and behavior. These reveal key influences and critical issues that affect the young African's decision to start a business and also perspectives into the nature of entrepreneurship in Africa. This paper concludes that the dichotomy between push and pull entrepreneurship is oversimplified, and social structures such as class, education and family background impact on ideas, opportunities, resources, skills and motivation. But most importantly, entrepreneurship can survive in an environment with many constraints, because career choices are influenced by the youth entrepreneur's perception, decision-making abilities and experiences. Implications are drawn for the development of young entrepreneurs in Africa.
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Murdoch, Jake, Christine Guégnard, Dorit Griga, Maarten Koomen, and Christian Imdorf. "How Do Second-Generation Immigrant Students Access Higher Education? The Importance of Vocational Routes to Higher Education in Switzerland, France, and Germany." Swiss Journal of Sociology 42, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 245–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjs-2016-0011.
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Abstract We analyse the access to different institutional pathways to higher education for second-generation students, focusing on youths that hold a higher-education entrance certificate. The alternative vocational pathway appears to compensate to some degree, compared to the traditional academic one, for North-African and Southern-European youths in France, those from Turkey in Germany, and to a lesser degree those from Portugal, Turkey, Ex-Yugoslavia, Albania/Kosovo in Switzerland. This is not the case in Switzerland for Western-European, Italian, and Spanish youths who indeed access higher education via the academic pathway more often than Swiss youths. Using youth panel and survey data, multinomial models are applied to analyse these pathway choices.
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Mwanri, Lillian, and William Mude. "Alcohol, Other Drugs Use and Mental Health among African Migrant Youths in South Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 1534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041534.
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This paper was part of a large study that explored suicide among African youths in South Australia. The paper reports perspectives about alcohol and other drugs (AOD) use and mental health among African migrant and refugee youths in South Australia. The study employed a qualitative inquiry, conducting 23 individual interviews and one focus group discussion with eight participants. An acculturative stress model informed data analysis, interpretation and the discussion of the findings that form the current paper. African migrant and refugee youths revealed challenging stressors, including related to cultural, socioeconomic, living conditions, and pre- and post-migration factors that contributed to mental health problems and the use of AOD in their new country. The traumatic loss of family members and social disruption experienced in their countries of origin were expressed as part of factors leading to migration to Australia. While in Australia, African migrant and refugee youths experienced substantial stressors related to inadequate socioeconomic and cultural support, discrimination, poverty, and unemployment. Participants believed that differences in cultural perspectives about AOD use that existed in Africa and Australia also shaped the experiences of social stressors. Additionally, participants believed that these cultural differences and the identified stressors determined AOD use and mental health problems. The findings highlight the need to understand these social and cultural contexts to improve mental health services and help reduce the use of AOD, which, when problematic, can influence the health and integration experiences of these populations.
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Sommers, Marc. "Rwandan Youths and the African Future." Anthropology News 36, no. 4 (April 1995): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/an.1995.36.4.1.3.
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Ong’ong’a, Oloo Daniel. "Exploring Literature on Alternative Media about African Narratives." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 9, no. 3 (January 1, 2022): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v9i3.4403.
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While studies on African narratives have concentrated on studying mainstream media, there is still little study on studying these narratives about Africans on alternative media. This study used a systematic literature review to establish the interplay between alternative media and African narratives by exploring journal articles published between 2006 -2021 and using 15 published articles as a unit of analysis for this study. The findings from the study indicate that social media plays a crucial role as a platform for alternative media where audiences can engage with one another without fear of victimization through using the comment and reply sections on social media platforms. The results further point towards critical media theory and ubuntu as important theories in studying alternative media and African narratives. Scholars have focused majorly to study social media usage in political activities by youths in Kenya, Uganda, and South Africa as alternative media. Therefore, this study furthers the literature on alternative media and African narratives.
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Frerichs, Leah, Kristen Hassmiller Lich, Tiffany L. Young, Gaurav Dave, Doris Stith, and Giselle Corbie-Smith. "Development of a Systems Science Curriculum to Engage Rural African American Teens in Understanding and Addressing Childhood Obesity Prevention." Health Education & Behavior 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198117726570.
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Engaging youth from racial and ethnic minority communities as leaders for change is a potential strategy to mobilize support for addressing childhood obesity, but there are limited curricula designed to help youth understand the complex influences on obesity. Our aim was to develop and pilot test a systems science curriculum to elicit rural African American youth perspectives on childhood obesity and enhance their understanding of and support for obesity prevention solutions. The curriculum was designed so it could be integrated with existing positive youth development curricula that help youth advocate for and implement identified solutions. We conducted four workshop sessions with youth that engaged them in systems learning activities such as guided systems diagramming activities. The participants ( n = 21) completed validated surveys presession and postsession that assessed their causal attributions of obesity and support for obesity prevention policies. The youths’ perception that environmental factors cause obesity increased ( p < .05), and perceptions that individual behavior and biology cause obesity did not change. Their support for policies that addressed food access and food pricing significantly increased ( p < .05). The youths’ system diagrams elucidated links between multilevel factors such as personal attitudes, social influence, and the built environment, which provides important information for designing synergistic solutions. The changes we observed in youths’ perceptions of obesity and support for policy changes have important implications for youths’ interest and willingness to advocate for social and environmental changes in their community. The strategies have a promising role in supporting community mobilization to address childhood obesity.
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Awokoya, Janet. "Identity Constructions and Negotiations Among 1.5- and Second-Generation Nigerians: The Impact of Family, School, and Peer Contexts." Harvard Educational Review 82, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 255–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.82.2.9v77p329367116vj.
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Past scholarship on immigrant racial and ethnic identity construction tends to ignore the processes by which social context influences identity at the individual level. In this qualitative study, Janet T. Awokoya presents a complex understanding of 1.5- and second-generation African immigrant youths’ identities. Awokoya explores how three major contexts—family, school, and peer groups—affect the ways in which African immigrant youth construct and negotiate their racial and ethnic identities. Further, she contends that the ways in which African immigrant youth are expected to conform to ideals of what it means to be African, Nigerian, African American, and Black, which dramatically shift across contexts, significantly confound the racial and ethnic identity constructions and negotiations for these youth. The article concludes with a discussion of practical and theoretical implications for identity development among Black immigrant youth.
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Theron, Linda, Motlalepule Ruth Mampane, Liesel Ebersöhn, and Angie Hart. "Youth Resilience to Drought: Learning from a Group of South African Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 28, 2020): 7896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217896.
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Exposure to drought is on the increase, also in sub-Saharan Africa. Even so, little attention has been paid to what supports youth resilience to the stressors associated with drought. In response, this article reports a secondary analysis of qualitative data generated in a phenomenological study with 25 South African adolescents (average age 15.6; majority Sepedi-speaking) from a drought-impacted and structurally disadvantaged community. The thematic findings show the importance of personal, relational, and structural resources that fit with youths’ sociocultural context. Essentially, proactive collaboration between adolescents and their social ecologies is necessary to co-advance socially just responses to the challenges associated with drought.
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Smith, Jr., Maurice, Nicole Webster, and Roshan Nayak. "Exploring African American Male Youth’s Perceptions of Community Involvement Through 4-H Programs." Journal of Youth Development 17, no. 1 (March 28, 2022): 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2022.953.
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Civic engagement research suggests that youths’ involvement in their communities results in a number of positive personal and social attributes. However, among urban populations, there is still a dearth of research on their involvement and the impact of civic participation on their development. More importantly within these populations, there is limited understanding of how Black male youth engage within civic participatory spaces. Increasing but limited research on young Black male youth usually focuses on identity, participation in programs, and socioeconomic levels. Further understanding is needed as to the factors which influence and impact Black male youths’ interests and actual participation in community and extracurricular activities. This paper explores data from urban African American high school male youth that include their perceptions and knowledge and attitudes toward being involved in their community through 4-H youth programs. The authors find that opportunities to learn a new skill and building professional portfolios assist these young Black males in their perception of being effective in their communities and making a difference for themselves.
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Unnever, James D., Francis T. Cullen, and J. C. Barnes. "Racial Discrimination and Pathways to Delinquency." Race and Justice 7, no. 4 (August 29, 2016): 350–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2153368716658768.
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The current study draws on two cohorts of African American youths from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, Longitudinal Cohort Study to examine whether perceived racial discrimination directly and indirectly affects juvenile delinquency. The analyses reveal that racial discrimination may foster offending by increasing (1) the likelihood that African American youths will drop out of school and (2) the degree to which they associate with delinquent peers. Evidence supporting the pathway between racial discrimination, associating with delinquent peers, and offending was found after introducing controls for demographic, social, and individual trait factors. In a society that remains racialized, it thus appears that a full explanation of African Americans’ offending should take into account the ways in which racial subordination may place African American youths on pathways that lead toward criminal involvement.
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Omotosho, Babatunde Joshua. "Situating the Place of Youths' between African Union and Africa Diaspora." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 8, no. 2 (April 2017): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2017040104.
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One of the developments in the African Union (AU) is the recognition and reconnection of Africans in the Diasporas through policy formulations and other affirmative programmes. The aim is to ensure that Africans wherever they are located can reconnect with their roots and have a true sense of identity as Africans. This is a laudable achievement on the part of AU and the entire Africans in the Diaspora. While programmes and activities aimed at bridging this gap are being fashioned out by both parties, one of the major issues that must not be ignored is the inclusion of youth in these activities. Consequently, the questions are: what is the place of youth in AU- Diaspora relations? What are the structures put in place whether at the institutional or at the Diaspora levels in ensuring that youth have a voice in the ongoing bonding process between the two parties? Providing answer to these questions in this article become pertinent at this early stage in order to carry the young ones, the future of tomorrow along in the scheme of things regarding AU and Africans in the Diaspora.
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Anderson Steeves, Elizabeth T., Katherine A. Johnson, Suzanne L. Pollard, Jessica Jones-Smith, Keshia Pollack, Sarah Lindstrom Johnson, Laura Hopkins, and Joel Gittelsohn. "Social influences on eating and physical activity behaviours of urban, minority youths." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 18 (August 5, 2016): 3406–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980016001701.
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AbstractObjectiveSocial relationships can impact youths’ eating and physical activity behaviours; however, the best strategies for intervening in the social environment are unknown. The objectives of the present study were to provide in-depth information on the social roles that youths’ parents and friends play related to eating and physical activity behaviours and to explore the impact of other social relationships on youths’ eating and physical activity behaviours.DesignConvergent parallel mixed-methods design.SettingLow-income, African American, food desert neighbourhoods in Baltimore City, MD, USA.SubjectsData were collected from 297 youths (53 % female, 91 % African American, mean age 12·3 (sd 1·5) years) using structured questionnaires and combined with in-depth interviews from thirty-eight youths (42 % female, 97 % African American, mean age 11·4 (sd 1·5) years) and ten parents (80 % female, 50 % single heads of house, 100 % African American).ResultsCombined interpretation of the results found that parents and caregivers have multiple, dynamic roles influencing youths’ eating and physical activity behaviours, such as creating health-promoting rules, managing the home food environment and serving as a role model for physical activity. Other social relationships have specific, but limited roles. For example, friends served as partners for physical activity, aunts provided exposure to novel food experiences, and teachers and doctors provided information related to eating and physical activity.ConclusionsObesity prevention programmes should consider minority youths’ perceptions of social roles when designing interventions. Specifically, future research is needed to test the effectiveness of intervention strategies that enhance or expand the supportive roles played by social relationships.
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King, William R., Stephen T. Holmes, Martha L. Henderson, and Edward J. Latessa. "The Community Corrections Partnership: Examining the Long-Term Effects of Youth Participation in an Afrocentric Diversion Program." Crime & Delinquency 47, no. 4 (October 2001): 558–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128701047004004.
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Using Afrocentric techniques has recently emerged as a promising way of delivering services to African Americans. Briefly, a number of authors have argued that African Americans are better served, especially by substance abuse services, when service delivery utilizes Afrocentric techniques. This study reports an evaluation of an Afrocentric treatment program for male, juvenile, felony offenders in one city. The evaluation uses a two-group, quasi-experimental design to compare the 281 African American youths in the Afrocentric treatment program (called the Community Corrections Partnership) with a comparison group of 140 probation youths. Overall, the youths assigned to the Afrocentric treatment program performed slightly better than the probationers on 4 out of 15 measures of juvenile and adult criminality.
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Akande, Adebowale. "Understanding South African youths’ approaches to learning." International Journal of Educational Development 24, no. 6 (November 2004): 755–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0738-0593(00)00046-8.
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Dinika, Adio-Adet Tichafara. "Preparing African youths for the future of work." Digital Policy Studies 1, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/dps.v1i2.2276.
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This study explores the far-reaching changes in the world of work due to the emergence of the digital economy against a background of rising income inequality, concerns about job losses and high levels of unemployment, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, More specifically, it explores the issue of how African governments and other stakeholders are preparing young people for the future of work. It comprises a case study of Rwanda. Data was collected from documents and in-depth semi-structured interviews, and analysed with MaxQDA. Rwanda has sought to become a knowledge economy, and has therefore developed a comprehensive policy framework and several programmes for equipping young people with digital skills. There are also more than 20 incubators and hubs fostering digital start-ups in Kigali. Several international organisations have started training programmes to support of the Rwandan government’s vision.The study finds that digitalisation could help to resolve sub-Saharan Africa’s employment problems through freelancing, labour outsourcing, and start-ups. However, there is a need for deliberate policies and programmes to prepare young people for the future of work. Rwanda is doing well in this regard, and other SSA countries should evaluate its model.
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Muriithi, Elizabeth Nancy, Josephine W. Gitome, and Humphrey M. Waweru. "African Indigenous Guidance and Counselling & Child Socialization Agents." Jumuga Journal of Education, Oral Studies, and Human Sciences (JJEOSHS) 3, no. 1 (August 27, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35544/jjeoshs.v3i1.24.
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The aim of this article is to evaluate the perception of Pentecostal Christians in regard to the importance of the indigenous guidance and counselling among the Aembu indigenous society. In the latter, they socialized their children from birth to puberty. In a nutshell, emphasis is given to transitional rites of passage. Transitional rites of passage served as important tools of child socialization which was meant to instil moral values among the Aembu youths. In our contemporary society, many adolescents face moral issues which often call for intensive child socialization from home and church circles. In its theoretical framework, the article used the structural functional theory. Qualitative approach was applied as the determinant design. The article reveals that there are moral issues among the youth and that there are useful Aembu teachings and practices which were used in the Aembu indigenous society as socialization tools in order to instil moral values among youths to solve morality issues. The article concludes that there is an urgent need to put in place alternative rites of passage with the sole aim of coming up with effective child socialization programs.
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Hong, Jun Sung, Jinwon Kim, Jane J. Lee, Celine L. Shamoun, Jeoung Min Lee, and Dexter R. Voisin. "Pathways From Peer Victimization to Sexually Transmitted Infections Among African American Adolescents." Western Journal of Nursing Research 41, no. 6 (September 4, 2018): 798–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945918797327.
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African American youths, especially those in low resource communities, are vulnerable to peer victimization, which can increase risk of sexually transmitted infections. However, few studies explored the relationship between these two health concerns and the pathways that may link them. The present study aimed to address this gap. We used descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, and structural equation modeling to analyze data collected from 277 adolescents ages 13 to 24 years in Chicago. Primary results indicated that peer victimization was not directly related to acquisition of sexually transmitted infections. However, peer victimization was negatively associated with condom use, and condom use was negatively associated with sexually transmitted infections. Furthermore, affiliation with sexually active peers was positively associated with substance use. These findings have implications for bullying and sexual risk prevention and intervention of low-income youths. Attention to treatment approaches and interventions that are holistic and culturally feasible is recommended for practitioners working with urban youth.
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CROSS, MICHAEL. "Youths, Culture, and Politics in South African Education:." Youth & Society 24, no. 4 (June 1993): 377–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x93024004004.
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Stanton, Bonita, and Jennifer Galbraith. "Drug Trafficking Among African-American Early Adolescents: Prevalence, Consequences, and Associated Behaviors and Beliefs." Pediatrics 93, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 1039–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.93.6.1039.
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Objective/Methodology. Drug trafficking by minority youths in low-income, urban areas has received considerable publicity from the mass media in the past half-decade. However, there has been correspondingly little exposition of this problem in the medical literature. This review was undertaken to provide an overview of the epidemiology and consequences of drug trafficking among urban youths and to describe factors associated with drug trafficking. Results. Existing data indicate that approximately 10% of male, urban, African-American early adolescents report having engaged in drug trafficking, with a higher percent of youths reporting having been asked to sell drugs and/or indicating that they expect to become involved in drug trafficking. Rates increase with advancing age. Reported rates of drug trafficking are comparable with rates of tobacco and alcohol use among early adolescents and are substantially higher than use rates of illegal drugs. Drug trafficking is associated with increased mortality, accounting for one third to one half of homicide-related deaths in some studies. The practice is also associated with other health-risk behaviors, including nonfatal violence, substance use, and incarceration. Perceived social pressures by family members and/or peers to engage in drug trafficking and the belief that a youth's wage-earning potential is limited to drug trafficking are highly correlated with involvement in this activity. Conclusions. Drug trafficking is a prevalent risk behavior among adolescents that has several negative health consequences.
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Stanton, Bonita, Xiaoming Li, Maureen Black, Izabel Ricardo, Jennifer Galbraith, Linda Kaljee, and Susan Feigelman. "Sexual Practices and Intentions Among Preadolescent and Early Adolescent Low-Income Urban African-Americans." Pediatrics 93, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 966–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.93.6.966.
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Objective. To assess the sexual practices and the social and intrapersonal influences on sexual practices and intentions which have an impact on the risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among pre- and early adolescent, low-income African-American youths. Design. Cross-sectional cohort study conducted in nine recreation centers serving three public housing developments in an eastern city. Participants. Three hundred fifty-one African-American youths 9 to 15 years of age. Outcome measures. Past and intended sexual intercourse, and past and intended condom use determined by a risk assessment instrument delivered aurally and visually via a "talking" MacIntosh computer. Results. The median age was 11 years; 35% of youths had had sexual intercourse and 20% of virgins thought it likely that they would become sexually active in the next six months. Age and male gender were correlated with sexual activity. Of sexually active youths 62% had used a condom during their last episode of coitus and 60% expected to do so at the next episode. Among sexually active youths, 24% of boys and 35% of girls had had anal intercourse. Rates of foreplay (nonpenetrative sex) were low even among sexually active youths. The median number of sexual partners in the past six months was two. Social influences from parents, peers, and partners in an intimate relationship were important for all four sexual outcomes both by univariate analysis and after logistic regression. Implications. A high percentage of the low-income, urban African-American pre- and early adolescents in this study are engaging or intending to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome reduction interventions for early adolescents should incorporate the importance of social influences from multiple sources.
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Santanera, Giovanna. "‘Films that don't seem Cameroonian’: professional video making and self-styling among Douala youth." Africa 89, no. 1 (February 2019): 165–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972019000275.
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AbstractThis article discusses youth cultural production in contemporary Africa, analysing the videos of Douala, which are often called ‘films that don't seem Cameroonian’. Most contemporary African videos dramatize everyday life, telling didactic stories that are very close to ordinary people's experiences. As such, they have been interpreted as forms of African popular art. Films that don't seem Cameroonian, however, break with this dominant trend. Directors and actors openly quote international hits and are more interested in transcending the local context than in dramatizing (and moralizing) it. Inserting this production into Douala society, this article deals with the youths’ desire to escape their everyday situations and connect with the global arena. It also considers the failures of this ambition, as their poor finances and infrastructural challenges bind them to a much more restricted horizon of possibilities. Video filmmaking in Cameroon is both a source of empowerment and prestige and a sign of marginality and powerlessness. The article concludes with an account of the cultural work at the core of videos that are syncretic and urban, but only partially ascribable to other experiences of African popular art.
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Rasmussen, Jacob. "Mungiki as youth movement." YOUNG 18, no. 3 (July 20, 2010): 301–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/110330881001800304.
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Like many other African countries, Kenya has a large and growing youth population. Some of the youths are mobilized into militant and political networks; one of these is the Mungiki movement. The article explores Mungiki’s combination of politics, religion and Kikuyu traditions. Using the examples of snuff tobacco, revolutionary talk and generational exclusion, it is argued that one way of understanding the connection between the various elements is to look at specific youth practices that cut across apparently separate activities. This reveals that youth in the Mungiki discourse is a highly gendered concept.
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Haight, Wendy, Misa Kayama, and Priscilla Ann Gibson. "Out-of-School Suspensions of Black Youths: Culture, Ability, Disability, Gender, and Perspective." Social Work 61, no. 3 (April 24, 2016): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/sww021.
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Abstract Racial disproportionality in out-of-school suspensions is a persistent social justice issue in public schools. This article examines out-of-school suspensions of four black youths from the perspectives of the youths, their caregivers, and educators. The case involving David, a 14-year-old African American with a learning disability, illustrates the challenges of students experiencing the intersection of disability and race. The case involving George, a 14-year-old Liberian immigrant, illustrates how parents and teachers may form alliances around shared goals and values despite profound cultural differences in understanding of youths’ misbehavior. The case involving Nina, a 12-year-old African American, illustrates how educators’ failure to consider the context of her misbehaviors as responses to sexual harassment, along with their subsequent harsh punishment and failure to protect her, led to her disengagement from school. The case involving Craig, a 16-year-old African American, provides a glimpse into how the use of criminal justice language to refer to youths’ misbehaviors can support the development of a criminalized self- and social identity. These cases illustrate the diversity of black students—including ability, disability, culture, and gender—and how events surrounding suspensions are interpreted by students, caregivers, and educators. Understanding such diversity will undergird implementation of effective alternatives to suspensions.
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Li, Xiaoming, and Susan Feigelman. "Recent and Intended Drug Trafficking Among Male and Female Urban African-American Early Adolescents." Pediatrics 93, no. 6 (June 1, 1994): 1044–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.93.6.1044.
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Objective. To investigate associations between recent and intended involvement in drug trafficking and perceptions of the social environment among high-risk urban African-American youths. Methods. A multicomponent risk assessment survey was conducted among a convenience sample of 351 African-American youths 9 through 15 years of age residing in low-income communities. Both univariate analysis and logistic regression were performed to examine the association of youths' perceived social environment with recent and intended involvement in drug trafficking. Results. Drug selling or delivering in the previous 6 months was reported by 6% of the youths; 12% expected to engage in these activities in the next 6 months. There was a strong association between drug trafficking and other high-risk behaviors, including drug use. Among both genders, perceptions that neighbors, friends, or family members were involved in drug trafficking were correlated with recent or intended drug trafficking. For boys, personal economic needs had a strong association with drug trafficking. For girls, personal feelings were more important correlates of intended involvement. Conclusions. Efforts aimed at both drug-trafficking prevention and intervention need to be community-based and multifaceted. Programs should address the youths' perceived social environments and consider gender differences regarding correlates of drug-trafficking involvement.
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Bodomo, Adams, and Eun-Sook Chabal. "Africa – Asia Relations through the Prism of Television Drama." African and Asian Studies 13, no. 4 (December 10, 2014): 504–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341319.
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Even though many African and Asian countries share a common history of European colonialism and thus a model of economic development shaped within the aegis of center-periphery analysis, many Asian countries have been able to ride through the burden of center-periphery economics and built more successful political economies than most African countries. This state of affairs has often led many African analysts to point to Asian success stories like China and South Korea for comparative analysis and often see these Asian countries as models of socio-economic and socio-cultural success to emulate. In particular, Africans in the Diaspora, especially Africans in China, tend to compare very frequently the socio-economic and socio-cultural conditions of their host countries with those of their source countries. This paper outlines and discusses how a group of Africans living in Hong Kong and other parts of Asia see Korea and Korean culture through the prism of Korean television dramas, which constitute a popular cultural phenomenon among Hong Kong/Asian youths. Through qualitative and quantitative survey methods, participant-observation, and questionnaire surveys, the paper reports on how African community members of Hong Kong and others think of Koreans. We show that Africans draw a lot of comparisons between Korean and African ways of conceptualizing the world.
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Brody, Gene H., Tianyi Yu, and Steven R. H. Beach. "Resilience to adversity and the early origins of disease." Development and Psychopathology 28, no. 4pt2 (October 3, 2016): 1347–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416000894.
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AbstractFor the past quarter century, scientists at the Center for Family Research at the University of Georgia have conducted research designed to promote understanding of normative developmental trajectories among low socioeconomic status African American children, youths, and young adults. In this paper, we describe a recent expansion of this research program using longitudinal, epidemiological studies and randomized prevention trials to test hypotheses about the origins of disease among rural African American youths. The contributions of economic hardship, downward mobility, neighborhood poverty, and racial discrimination to allostatic load and epigenetic aging are illustrated. The health benefits of supportive family relationships in protecting youths from these challenges are also illustrated. A cautionary set of studies is presented showing that some psychosocially resilient youths demonstrate high allostatic loads and accelerated epigenetic aging, suggesting that, for some, “resilience is just skin deep.” Finally, we end on an optimistic note by demonstrating that family-centered prevention programs can have health benefits by reducing inflammation, helping to preserve telomere length, and inhibiting epigenetic aging.
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Du Plooy-Cilliers, Franzel, and Linda Venter. "Does the flirting behaviour of a selection of black South African youths differ from Western perspectives on flirting." Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 24, no. 2 (October 24, 2022): 82–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v24i2.1774.
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Research shows that flirting is found in all cultures and societies. However, very littleresearch has been conducted on the differences in the courtship and flirting behaviourof people from diverse cultures. Like all other communication behaviour, flirting behaviourvaries from culture to culture, and acceptable flirting behaviour in one culture might beviewed as inappropriate in another. Likewise, because all forms of communication aredynamic, generation gaps may lead to conflict as a result of differences in opinion aboutthe appropriateness of certain behaviours. Thus, the patterns of flirting behaviour areculture-specific and even generation-specific. Although there are research findingsavailable on flirting behaviour in Western and Eastern cultures, very few scholars haveresearched flirting behaviour in African cultures. This article provides a brief summaryof existing research findings. In order to gain insight into culture-specific views andopinions, a qualitative research design in the form of focus group interviews with aselection of black South African youths was utilised. The primary aim of the study is toexplore the similarities and differences between the flirting behaviour of a selection ofSouth African youths from an African background and Western research findings on flirtingbehaviour. Secondary aims are to explore whether some black South African youths’perceptions of acceptable flirting behaviour differ from their interpretation of theirparents’ views, and to utilise a qualitative research design in order to identify useful andappropriate variables that could be tested quantitatively in follow-up studies. It iscautiously concluded that there are both similarities and differences between the reportedflirting behaviour of South African youths from an African background and Westernresearch findings on flirting behaviour. Furthermore, most of the participants indicatedthat the flirting behaviour they exhibit is unlikely to be viewed as proper behaviour bytheir parents
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Wooldredge, John, Jennifer Hartman, Edward Latessa, and Stephen Holmes. "Effectiveness of Culturally Specific Community Treatment for African American Juvenile Felons." Crime & Delinquency 40, no. 4 (October 1994): 589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128794040004007.
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In response to seemingly high recidivism rates among male African American juvenile felons in Cincinnati, a community program was created specifically for these youths. The Community Corrections Partnership (CCP) Program focuses on the cultural regrounding of African American boys to improve their self-esteem and help them to develop a sense of community. The program has received national attention, yet its effectiveness for reducing recidivism remains unknown. This article presents results from a study of rearrests among juveniles who have completed the program and a comparison group of youths who underwent probation. The findings revealed that CCP did no better than regular probation for preventing recidivism among these juveniles.
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Pégram, Scooter. "Pris pour cible dans la banlieue: Self-identity, language maintenance, racism and exclusion amongst African youths in the Paris suburbs." Ethnicities 20, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796819857242.
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Young people of African descent from the suburbs surrounding Paris are in a state of crisis and are feeling increasingly ostracised from a majority French society that marginalises them via institutional and structural racism. With little hope of ever being considered as equal partners, and increased societal and media scrutiny placed upon them, some of these youths of African descent are either ‘checking out’, whilst others choose to express their anger against State institutions via protests and riots. Our study surveyed youths from many peripheral communities of Paris on questions relating to identity, language, racism and inclusion. The findings of our research demonstrate how this group of young people of African descent navigate the duality of their dual societal paradigms by analysing topics of identity, language, racism and inclusion.
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Akande, Adebowale. "Risky Business: South African youths and HIV/AIDS prevention." Educational Studies 27, no. 3 (September 2001): 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03055690120076529.
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Price, James H., and Robert E. Braun. "Uninsured African American Youths— The Need for Targeted Interventions." Journal of the National Medical Association 103, no. 9-10 (September 2011): 979–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0027-9684(15)30455-7.
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Schiele, Jerome H. "Cultural Alignment African American Male Youths and Violent Crime." Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment 1, no. 2-3 (June 1998): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j137v01n02_10.
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Essop, G. B. "Mandela and South African Youths: Grooming Leaders of Tomorrow." Journal of Literary Studies 33, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02564718.2017.1403718.
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Brody, Gene H., and Douglas L. Flor. "Coparenting, family interactions, and competence among African American youths." New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development 1996, no. 74 (1996): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cd.23219967407.
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MCCULLERS, MOLLY. "‘WE DO IT SO THAT WE WILL BE MEN’: MASCULINITY POLITICS IN COLONIAL NAMIBIA, 1915–49." Journal of African History 52, no. 1 (March 2011): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853711000077.
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ABSTRACTThis article examines struggles for masculinity among Herero elders, South African colonial administrators, and the Otruppa, a Herero youth society that appropriated a German military aesthetic, in Namibia between 1915 and 1949. As previous scholars have argued, masculinities are mutually constituted through competitions for authority, though dominance is rarely achieved. Such contestations were integral to processes of Herero societal reconstruction following German rule and during South African colonial state formation, beginning in 1915. Different generational experiences of colonial violence and the destruction of the material resources that undergirded elders' authority led to conflicts between elders and youths over how to define Herero masculinity and negotiate authority in a rapidly changing colonial milieu.
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Exenberger, Silvia, and Stefanie Reiber. "The Significance of Time, Place and Traumatic Experience on at-Risk Youths’ View of their Well-Being: A Preliminary Study." Child Indicators Research 13, no. 6 (April 23, 2020): 2157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12187-020-09738-4.
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Abstract This preliminary study explores the perspectives of at-risk youths from different cultural backgrounds on their well-being. We propose that youths’ “well-being awareness” – i.e. what sources of well-being adolescents spontaneously become aware of when they are asked about – is strongly related to their socio-cultural context, their life experiences, and the time when they reflect about it. This study focused on the meaning of well-being sources, which were constructed by youths from different cultural backgrounds who faced different traumatic life experiences. We developed and applied a theoretical framework to understand youths’ well-being awareness. Focus group discussions were analyzed of 48 male youths aged 12–18 years. They either faced the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 (11 boys from South India), or severe intra-familial conflicts (17 European boys), or were unaccompanied minor refugees (20 boys of Asian and African origin). Youths were asked what makes them happy and sad and about their coping strategies, only followed by questions for clarification. First, the data were analyzed inductively based on grounded theory. Second, the gained well-being descriptions were deductively allocated to the most basic elements of human well-being according to White (2008): material, subjective and relational dimension. Through this allocation process the influence of the socio-cultural context (place), life-experience, and time on the meaning of well-being of each youth group became clear. Well-being should be viewed as a process: on the one hand youths conceptions of well-being are deeply rooted in their culture of origin, on the other hand the importance of well-being and its indicators change depending on youths’ traumatic experience and the time of asking about it.