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Bendels, Katja. "White Africans? negotiating identity in white South African writing." Trier Wiss. Verl. Trier, 2009. http://www.wvttrier.de.
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Maluleke, Tinyiko Sam. "Rediscovering the Agency of Africans- Emerging Paradigms of African Theology." Bulletin of Ecumenical Theology, 2000. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/bet,2196.
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Hume, Susan E. "Just drops in the ocean : the contextualized identities of African university students in their home countries and in the United States /." view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3190523.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 263-273). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Mphahlele, Florence Masabatha. "Population explosion and poverty amongst Africans in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17350.
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The current rate of world population growth is one of today's major problems and constitutes a threat to the future of all mankind. Over three and a half billion people live on our small, in places overcrowded planet, and if the present rate of growth continues this figure will double within the next thirty to forty years. This phenomenon has been described as the "population explosion". Why does it constitute a threat? Growth in itself is not necessarily bad; it has been the basis for much human progress in the past. What concerns us is that a large proportion of this growth is concentrated in certain areas of the world and can be linked to the appalling conditions of deprivation endured by millions of men, women and children in these areas. Though the impact of the population explosion is presently restricted to only certain segments of mankind, there is every indication that future consequences may affect all of us. My main focus will be amongst the African population in South Africa. The principal purpose of my thesis is to offer an organised approach to a complex and very controversial subject on the fertility of Africans in South Africa based on research conducted within the Eastern and Western Cape regions. The thesis is divided into five parts. Part A discusses the aims and objectives of the study. It also discusses the methodology of the research and background on area study, and examines the South African population growth. Part B, details theories of population growth. It also reviews literature on the determinants of population growth. In Part C, the research results are tabled and tested for statistical significance. In Part D, the results are compared and discussed with other similar literature findings. Part E, draws conclusions from the findings and recommends possible strategies for action against African population growth in South Africa.
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CASTILLO, BAUTISTA Roberto Carlos. "Africans in Guangzhou : a cultural analysis of transnationality amongst Africans on the move." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2015. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/cs_etd/25.
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Over the last three decades, the shifts brought about by the ‘rise of China’ as a key player in global capitalism have had implications in a myriad of places, practices and imaginations. One such implication can be seen in the decade long presence of an African population in the southern city of Guangzhou.
In this dissertation, I look into the dynamics informing this presence by focusing on transnational connections, relations and practices. I take up the call (coming from different fields in the Humanities and Social Sciences) for an analysis of transnationality grounded in the everyday experiences of individuals ‘on the move’ (physically and metaphorically). Accordingly, in this dissertation I provide an extensive ethnographic analysis, accompanied by theoretical formulations, to explain how is African presence in Guangzhou (re)produced and what are the possibilities for the future.
Throughout these pages, I contend that transnationality entails much more than mere ‘movement’ across borders, and, as such, can be analysed from multiple perspectives. So, while I pay attention to issues of border crossing, connections beyond the reach of the state, and the reproduction of livelihoods from multiple locations, I also explore how is the transnational embodied in people and things (in emotions and aspirations, as well as in materialities), and embedded in placemaking processes. Hence, drawing from my fieldwork, I identify several ‘discursive sites of the transnational’ (i.e. neighbourhoods, things and practices, organisations, and aspirations, amongst others) from where, without necessarily undertaking international travel, one could critically observe and analyse how the complex material, political, affective and emotional geographies of transnationality unfold and expand. In this dissertation I present, thus, a ‘local’ multi-scalar approach to transnationality in the case study of Africans in Guangzhou.
The dissertation is divided into five chapters. In the first chapter, I present a historical overview of Guangzhou, focusing on the spatial conditions that facilitated the arrival (and continued presence) of foreigners in the city. I place an emphasis on highlighting how Africans articulate with China’s transprovincial migrants (and other populations) at the local level, and I problematise extant conceptualisations about the sociospatial formations emerging in the city. In Chapter 2, I explore how certain material formations have emerged after the arrival of foreigners to the city. I provide an ethnographic account of how multiple multiethnic interactions are mediated through certain objects and practices (that I construe as repositories, or sites, of the transnational). In Chapter 3, through the analysis of grassroots forms of organisation amongst Africans in the city, I discuss issues of placemaking and mobility and offer an insight into the complex relations between transnational movement, emplacement, identity, ‘homing’ and citizenship. In Chapter 4, I focus on the hopes, desires, and possibilities, what I call the ‘landscapes of aspiration’, amongst African musicians in the city. I argue that aspirations are crucial drives that not only move and motivate people but that help individuals to navigate through, and make sense of, their transnational journeys. Finally, Chapter 5 presents a theoretical discussion that advocates for a re-conceptualisation of the ‘transnational’ (and transnational mobilities) away from methodological nationalism. I argue that methodological nationalism is a burden that thwarts understandings of the multiple dimensions of contemporary forms of human movement.
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Kaufmann, Miranda. "Africans in Britain : 1500-1640." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.568756.
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This study of Africans in Britain 1500-1640 employs evidence from a wide range of primary sources including parish registers, tax returns, household accounts, wills and court records to challenge the dominant account, which has been overly influenced by the language of Shakespeare's Othello and other contemporary literature. I explain the international context of growing trade and increased diplomatic relations with Africa and a concomitant increased level of contact with Africans in the Atlantic world. I then explore the ways in which Africans might come to Britain. Some travelled via Europe in the entourages of royals, gentlemen or foreign merchants; some came from Africa to train as trade factors and interpreters for English merchants; large numbers arrived as a result of privateering activity in which they were captured from Spanish and Portuguese ships. Once in Britain, they were to be found in every kind of household from those of kings to seamstresses. Some were entirely independent, some poor, though few resorted to crime. They performed a wide range of skilled roles and were remunerated in the same mix of wage, reward and gifts in kind as others. They were accepted into society, into which they were baptized, married and buried. They inter-married with the local population and had children. Africans accused of fornication and men who fathered illegitimate children with African women were punished in the same way as others. The legacy of villeinage coupled with the strong rhetoric of freedom in legal and popular discourse ensured that Africans in Britain were not viewed as slaves in the eyes of the law. Neither were they treated as such. They were paid wages, married, and allowed to testify in court. Those scholars who have sought to place the origins of racial slavery in Elizabethan and early Stuart England must now look elsewhere.
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Reed, Ann. "Gateway to Africa the pilgrimage tourism of diaspora Africans to Ghana /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3223051.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Anthropology, 2006."Title from dissertation home page (viewed June 27, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: A, page: 2213. Advisers: Gracia Clark; Richard Wilk.
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Pendock, Catherine. "The willingness of South African emigrants to transfer knowledge to other South Africans." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25625.
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This study examines the effect of migration and emotions on knowledge transfer with the intention of identifying the emotions influencing the willingness of South African emigrants to transfer knowledge to South Africans living in South Africa. The increasing number of South Africans emigrating is exacerbating the skills shortage in the country and therefore it is of importance to understand the profile of a South African emigrant who is willing to transfer knowledge to South Africans living in South Africa. Through understanding who to target for assistance South Africa will be able to better utilise those emigrants who are willing to assist. The primary data was collected through an online survey. Of the 311 responses 210 were usable in the regression models run. The outcome of this research supports previous literature that positive knowledge sharing emotions play a major role in influencing the willingness to transfer knowledge. Because this is voluntary knowledge sharing emigrants tend to share knowledge when they are happy and when they feel positive towards knowledge sharing. This is influenced by positive feelings about their own knowledge and about their decision to emigrate. The results also suggest that emigrant‟s emotions towards knowledge sharing were not dominated by their feelings about South Africa, but rather by their emotions towards their host country. CopyrightDissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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Benndorf, Rolf. "Lebensperspektive Deutschland Afrikanerinnen und Afrikaner in Deutschland und ihre gesellschaftliche Integration /." Marburg : Tectum, 2008. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/370392347.html.
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Wakholi, Peter. "African cultural education : African migrant youth in Western Australia /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050705.104626.
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Brown-Waithe, Antionette B. "Òyötùnjí Village: Making Africans in America." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/anthro_theses/68.
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Òyötùnjí: The Making of Africans in America examines the impact of self-identification with African culture and the impact it has on African identity within social and Black Nationalist movements. More so than the Civil Rights movement, the Black Nationalist movement has influenced the ways in which African Americans self identified as a group and as individuals. Comprised primarily of African nationalists, Òyötùnjí Village was considered the vanguard in re- introducing the African ideology into Santeria, and giving birth to what is now considered the Ifa/Yoruba tradition. As the intentional community of Òyötùnjí grew, the Ifa tradition spread as well because of its porous population. To explore the relationship between identity and social movements, this paper examines the motivation behind the formation of Òyötùnjí Village and the formation of an independent community.
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Veitch, Andrew McCulloch. "Immunopathogenic mechanisms of enteropathy in Africans." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392993.
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Iheduru, Adaobi C. "Examining the Social Distance Between Africans and African Americans: The Role of Internalized Racism." Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1341565205.
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Brito, Luciana da Cruz. "Sob o rigor da lei : africanos e africanas na legislação baiana (1830-1841)." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279253.
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Orientador: Sidney ChalhoubDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T04:55:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Brito_LucianadaCruz.pdf: 940286 bytes, checksum: 1671f90eeff54345db39a8408225f074 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as leis provinciais baianas que foram destinadas a conter a suposta ameaça representada pela população africana liberta. Do mesmo modo, nos interessam os debates que envolveram a elaboração dessas leis e a repercussão delas no cotidiano dessa parcela da população. Fazendo referência às leis nacionais, em especial a Constituição do Império do Brasil e o Código Criminal de 1830, veremos como a situação legal dos africanos libertos, então estrangeiros e sem direitos de cidadania, acabou deixando-os à mercê de medidas restritivas locais. Sendo assim, decidimos analisar as leis elaboradas em dois momentos, um anterior e outro posterior ao Levante dos Malês ocorrido em 1835. Ainda no que tange às medidas de segurança que se dirigiam à população africana, veremos como a lei do fim do tráfico de 7 de novembro de 1831 foi incorporada a este debate, o que contrariava os interesses de senhores e traficantes de escravos africanos. Este tipo de comércio não deixou de existir em nome da tranquilidade da província, mas também veremos como, sob o argumento da urgência de segurança, as leis se tornaram mais duras no seu propósito de restringir ao máximo a autonomia dos africanos libertos ou até mesmo tirá-los completamente do Império, o que foi muito comum através das deportações. Este trabalho também aborda a forma como esses africanos e africanas utilizaram-se dos instrumentos legais disponíveis para, quando possível, fazer uma releitura das leis e do conceito de justiça de maneira a revertê-los em seu favor
Abstract: This work aims to analyze the provincial laws of Bahia that were intended to limit the alleged threat posed by freed African people. Similarly, we are interested in the debates surrounding the drafting of these laws and their daily effect on this segment of the population. Referring to national laws, particularly the Constitution of the Empire of Brazil and the Criminal Code of 1830, we will explore the legal situation of freed Africans, in addition to foreigners without citizenship rights, who were both left at the mercy of local restrictive measures. Therefore, we decided to examine the laws made in two stages: laws made before and laws made after the Malês' Revolt of 1835. In terms of security measures that affected the African population, we will analyze the law that ended trafficking on November 7, 1831 in this debate, which contradicted the interests of lords and traffickers of African slaves. This type of trade was not stopped on behalf of peace in the province, but as we shall see, under the argument of the urgency of security, the laws became tougher with the intention to restrict the maximum autonomy of freed Africans, or even remove them completely from the Empire, which was very common through deportations. This work also addresses how these Africans used the legal tools available to them, where possible, to reassess the concept of justice and reverse these laws in their favor
Universidade Estadual de Campi
Historia Social
Mestre em História
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Kalitanyi, Vivence. "Evaluation of employment creation by African immigrant entrepreneurs for unemployed South Africans in Cape Town." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6343_1256899303.
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There has been a lot of comment and reaction to the presence of immigrants in South Africa, and most of it has been very negative. In light of the negative reaction, one can ask whether immigrants do in fact add any value to the well being of the host countries, given their education, experience and high involvement in small businesses. Several studies have noted that the relatively highr level of education and skills of migrants is at the same level as those of the host populations. This research is aimed at contributing to the debate of the perception that immigrants are taking up jobs that are supposed to belong to South Africans.
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Ajuo, Concilia Nem. "Help-seeking behaviours of black Africans and African-Caribbean people to diagnose HIV and AIDS." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/13898.
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With the advent of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), people with the human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection are increasingly enjoying longer and relatively healthy lives, particularly in developed countries. However, black Africans and African-Caribbean people in the United Kingdom and other developed countries are not yet enjoying the full benefits of HAART, essentially as a result of delayed diagnosis. Delayed diagnosis, in addition to affecting the health of infected individuals, also creates a community reservoir for the spread of the infection; thereby hampering prevention and control strategies by international and NHS guidelines. The delayed diagnosis may be grounded in individual, societal and health service factors that guide help-seeking behaviours of black African and African-Caribbean populations. This study set out to investigate the help-seeking behaviours to diagnose HIV and AIDS among UK based black African and African-Caribbean people, and to investigate the dynamics in those behaviours by place of origin (Africa vs. Caribbean) and by gender. A qualitative methodological approach involving semi-structured interviews was used to explore help-seeking behaviours to diagnose HIV and AIDS among black Africans and African-Caribbean populations in the UK and compared by gender. Thirty (30) purposively selected individuals from patients attending two sexual health clinics in the city of London were interviewed. These included 16 black Africans and 14 African-Caribbean people, and 16 men and 14 women. The symbolic interactionist perspective, and the concepts of broken narratives/silences, biographical disruption and biographical abruption guided the study and interpretation of findings. One main theme ‘Africanness’ and two sub-themes (“African way” and “African thing”) emerged from the findings. The “African way” embodies the risk factors involved in contracting or transmitting HIV and the “African thing” represents the HIV status itself. This is a cultural construction of HIV and AIDS within the acceptable context of participants which helped them to talk about HIV and AIDS without addressing it by the biomedical idiom. The notion of ‘Africanness’ provided a ‘marker’ for African identity. The “African thing” represented a new landscape for naming HIV without necessarily calling it by name and provided a comfortable platform for participants to seek help. The “African way” described the risk behaviours by participants that resulted in the “African thing”. Three sociological concepts; ‘broken narratives or silences, biographical disruption and biographical abruption were key issues in HIV and AIDS diagnosis at a late stage and have formed the basis for the development of a model of help-seeking for diagnosis by participants. Apparently, the main determinants of help-seeking for diagnosis of HIV and AIDS are dependent on cultural factors. Stigma is reinforced by the national health care system practices as well as health professionals themselves. This potentially increases the reluctance among black African and African-Caribbean populations to voluntarily test for HIV. An HIV diagnosis is seemingly a challenging experience because of the impending uncertainties associated with it. Seeking help for diagnosis may even be more difficult because of the anticipated and unpleasant experiences along the path to diagnosis. This may guide the individual to consider other alternatives outside the biomedical pathway, potentially; the biomedical path becomes the least likely choice, especially with black African and African-Caribbean populations. An insufficient cultural understanding is likely to result in inadequate recognition of alternative medical practices, insufficient attention to alternatives to biomedical health systems and potential distortion of the meaning of health messages linking them to practice.
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Bechhaus-Gerst, Marianne. "Kiswahili-speaking Africans in Germany before 1945." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-97817.
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The history of Waswahili in Germany before the end of World War II, their life histories and living conditions have not as yet been subject of scientific research. In the period before the colonial occupation of Africa Africans came to Germany in small numbers voluntarily or as victims of violent abduction (Martin 1993). The Germans were interested in the exotic looks of the foreigners, but did not care about their regions of origin. Africa was the unknown black continent, terra incognita, its inhabitants indiscriminately `blacks´ or `negroes´. Their homelands and ethnic or linguistic identities remained obscure, relevant only to a small group of researchers with an early interest in the continent and its peoples. Concerning the so-called Swahili people from Eastern Africa who came to Germany from the colonial period on, one has to keep in mind that until the end of the forties their identities were usually defined by their knowledge of Kiswahili, not by their actual ethnic or linguistic origins. In this article some stories are told about Swahili- speaking people from the former colony of German East Africa, now Tanzania, who came to Germany temporarily or permanently and for different reasons left traces in written records, which help us to reconstruct parts of their biographies.
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Derderian, Richard L. "North Africans in contemporary France becoming visible /." New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/hol051/2003064781.html.
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Version remaniée de : Thèse de doctorat : ? : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill : 1996 : Multiculturalism in contemporary France : cultural productions from the North African immigrant community.Bibliogr. p. [201]-211. Index.
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Koua, Saffo Mathieu. "La presse négro-africaine en France 1947-1969 /." Villeneuve d'Asq : Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/47693014.html.
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Thomas, Damafing Keita. "West African immigrants' attitudes toward seeking psychological help." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07252008-123950/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.Title from file title page. Yiu-man Barry Chung, committee chair; Kenneth B. Matheny, Gregory L. Brack, Francis A. McCarty, committee members. Description based on contents viewed July 17, 20009. Includes bibliographical references.
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Costa, Anthony Alec. "Segregation, customary law and the governance of Africans in South Africa, c.1919-1929." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272699.
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Dobbie, Mark-Ross B. "The estimation and interpretation of adult mortality rates of African South Africans using Census 2001 data." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11920.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-79).This research develops estimates of mortality rates for adult Africans in South Africa for the twelve months preceding the census night, 9/10 October 2Q(B, using Census 2001 10% sample data. The approach used to estimate these rates follow the work done by Dorrington, Moultrie and Timaeus (2004) working with the full dataset, which is not publicly anilable, and demonstrate that the 10% sample can be used to produce similar results to the full database. The approach makes use of indirect estimation techniques for estimating the completeness of reporting of deaths in the vital registration system at a national level, namely the combination of Generalized Growth Balance method (GGB) and the Synthetic Extinct Generations (SEG) method adapted to allow for net immigration over the inter-censal period.
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Puttergill, Charles Hugh. "Discourse on identity : conversations with white South Africans." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1363.
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Thesis (DPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.The uncertainty and insecurity generated by social transformation within local and global contexts foregrounds concerns with identity. South African society has a legacy of an entrenched racial order which previously privileged those classified ‘white’. The assumed normality in past practices of such an institutionalised system of racial privileging was challenged by a changing social, economic and political context. This dissertation examines the discourse of white middle-class South Africans on this changing context. The study draws on the discourse of Afrikaansspeaking and English-speaking interviewees living in urban and rural communities. Their discourse reveals the extent to which these changes have affected the ways they talk about themselves and others. There is a literature suggesting the significance of race in shaping people’s identity has diminished within the post-apartheid context. This study considers the extent to which the evasion of race suggested in a literature on whiteness is apparent in the discourse on the transformation of the society. By considering this discourse a number of questions are raised on how interviewees conceive their communities and what implication this holds for future racial integration. What is meant by being South African is a related matter that receives attention. The study draws the conclusion that in spite of heightened racial sensitivity, race remains a key factor in the identities of interviewees.
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Zeka, Bomikazi. "The retirement funding adequacy of black South Africans." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/13338.
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Despite the importance of retirement planning, many South Africans have been documented as reaching retirement age without adequate retirement funding. A vast amount of research has been conducted on how proper retirement planning can be beneficial for individuals; however, there has been a lack of attention given to researching the retirement planning of black individuals in South Africa. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to identify, investigate and empirically test which factors influence retirement planning, and which aspects of retirement planning influence the retirement funding adequacy of black individuals. After a comprehensive literature review was undertaken on the factors influencing the retirement planning and retirement funding adequacy of individuals, the following independent variables were identified as influencing the mediating variable (Aspects of retirement planning) and the dependent variable (Retirement funding adequacy) in this study: • Financial literacy; • The role of the financial planner; • Family support structure; and • Health status. These independent variables were selected to construct a hypothesised model and research hypotheses, as they have been identified as the prominent factors that influence the retirement planning of black South Africans. Furthermore, these independent variables were used in determining whether they have an influence on the Aspects of retirement planning (incorporating Retirement provisions, Retirement attitudes and Retirement intentions) and, ultimately, improve the Retirement funding adequacy of individuals. In order to establish the influence of the aspects of retirement planning on the retirement funding adequacy of individuals, an empirical investigation was undertaken. A measuring instrument, in the form of a questionnaire, was compiled from secondary literature sources. The respondents were identified though a mixed sampling approach, whereby stratified sampling and convenience sampling were used to attain 441 usable questionnaires that were subjected to statistical analyses. Descriptive statistics, in the form of frequency distributions, were used to summarise Section A and Section B of the measuring instrument. The validity and reliability of the measuring instrument were confirmed by means of exploratory factor analyses (EFA), and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were also calculated for this purpose. As a result of conducting the EFA, two independent variables (Family support structure and Health status) loaded together, and the factor was renamed accordingly. From the EFA, the independent variables that emerged were The role of the financial planner, Family, health, and financial well-being, and Financial literacy. Furthermore, the EFA revealed that three mediating variables emerged from the mediating variable Aspects of retirement planning. These three mediating variables were consequently named Retirement intentions, Retirement attitudes, and Retirement provisions. There were no eliminated variables in this study. Based on the results of the EFA, some of the definitions of the variables were adapted. Consequently, the hypothesised model and its research hypotheses were adapted to reflect the results of the EFA. The results of the Cronbach’s alphas calculated reported that all the measuring scales used in the questionnaire of the study were reliable. Furthermore, descriptive statistics were also calculated to summarise the sample data, and Pearson’s product moment correlations were calculated to establish the correlations between all the variables used in this study. A multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the influence of the various independent variables on the mediating variables and the dependent variable. Furthermore, structural equation modelling (SEM) was used as the main statistical procedure to test for mediation in the study. SEM was also used to assess and confirm the results of the multiple regression analyses. Based on the results of the multiple regression analyses and SEM, the hypothesised relationships of the study were accepted or rejected. Additionally, the results of SEM revealed that the revised model of the study displayed acceptable model fit. To conclude the empirical investigation, t-tests and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were performed to assess whether the respondents’ perceptions of the variables used in the study differed as a result of the respondents’ demographic information. Furthermore, to establish significant differences between individual mean scores, post-hoc Tukey tests were calculated, and practical significance was assessed by calculating Cohen’s d values. The main empirical results of the study found that statistically significant relationships exist between the independent variables The role of the financial planner and Family, health, and financial well-being, and the mediating variable Retirement intentions. Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between the independent variable Financial literacy and the mediating variable Retirement attitudes. Other significant relationships were present between all the independent variables The role of the financial planner, Family, health, and financial well-being and Financial literacy, and the mediating variable Retirement provisions. The study also established statistically significant relationships between the mediating variables Retirement attitudes and Retirement provisions and the dependent variable Retirement funding adequacy. Statistically significant relationships were also present between the independent variables Family, health, and financial well-being and Financial literacy and the dependent variable Retirement funding adequacy. This study has added to the limited amount of academic literature in the field of retirement planning in South Africa. Through the hypothesised model developed in this study, a significant contribution has been made towards investigating the factors that influence the retirement planning and retirement funding adequacy of black individuals residing in South Africa. This study presents recommendations to black individuals on practical strategies that could help to improve their retirement planning and retirement funding adequacy. Furthermore, suggestions are presented to financial planners and financial institutions, in order to assist black individuals or potential clients to improve their retirement planning and to help ensure that individuals are financially independent when they reach retirement age. It is recommended that financial institutions provide financial products/services that will cater to black South Africans.
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Smith, Mathew Arjuna. "Africans in Scotland : heterogeneity and sensitivities to HIV." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7668/.
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Aim: To investigate how diversity within the African migrant population in Scotland affects their understandings of HIV and uptake of HIV testing and treatment, in order to improve HIV-related outcomes. Background: In the UK, Africans have the worst outcomes for HIV infection, primarily due to late diagnosis. Improvement requires better understanding of the barriers to healthcare engagement. This PhD study investigates how diversity among first generation African migrants in Scotland could affect engagement with general healthcare and HIV related interventions and services. Methods: I conducted qualitative research, involving participant observation at two sites (an African religious group and an asylum seeker/refugee drop-in centre) and interviews with African migrants attending these and three additional sites (two advocacy charities and a student association). Data were collected in two cities (Glasgow and Edinburgh) and two smaller towns (Paisley and Kirkcaldy). I interviewed 27 Africans, including economic migrants (n=8), students (n=9) and asylum seeker/refugees (n=10) and 14 representatives from organisations with high levels of African attendees (e.g., country associations, community organisations, advocacy groups, commercial establishments and religious based organisations). Thematic data analysis was carried out. Results: Diversity of the population and related issues of identity: Participants were highly diverse and reported considerable heterogeneity in the African diaspora in Scotland. The identity of “African” was bound with various negative stereotypes and appeals to this identity did not necessarily have relevance for participants. Nature of African affiliated organisations in Scotland: There were a wide range of organisations that advertised their remit as catering for the African diaspora. They varied in consistency and sustainability and contributed towards healthcare engagement to different degrees. Engagement with healthcare: There were multiple experiences and understandings of the healthcare system within the sample as a whole, and to an extent by migrant type. Whilst the majority reported successful and satisfactory service use, distinct barriers emerged. These included: understandings of rights and access to care based on African models of healthcare; the interplay of religious based understandings with ideas about access to healthcare; and assumptions and anxiety about the connections between visa status and health status. Knowledge of HIV and engagement with HIV related services: Participants had good knowledge about HIV, with some notable exceptions, but there was no patterning by migrant type. They had diverse views about risk of HIV infection, most of which did not align with the HIV epidemiology that identifies African migrants as an at risk group. Most of the sample did not think targeting African migrants for HIV interventions would be successful and were hostile to the proposal for various reasons, especially because they believed it would perpetuate stigma and prejudice towards the African diaspora. There were mixed experiences of HIV related services, and prompts to test for HIV had elicited a range of reactions, the majority negative. Conclusion: Diversity within the African diaspora in Scotland should be taken into account to improve the salience and relevance of future HIV interventions. Attitudes towards current HIV testing promotion suggest that a more cooperative approach could be taken with African communities to build on existing relationships of trust and understandings of HIV.
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Guénif, Souilamas Nacira. "Artisanes de libertés tempérées, les descendants nord-africains en France entre sujétion et subjectivité." Lille : A.N.R.T., Université de Lille III, 2000. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/34703.
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Ogegbo, Olumuyiwa Lateefah. "Quantitative analysis and metabonomic study of phytoestrogens in Africans." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507096.
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Flanagan, Katie Louise. "Pre-erythrocytic T cell immunity in malaria exposed Africans." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326585.
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Sisay-Joof, Fatoumatta. "Immunogenetic studies on susceptibility of West Africans to malaria." Thesis, Open University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392869.
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Thorpe, Andrea Susan. "Cosmos in London : South Africans writing London after 1948." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2017. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/24862.
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Many critics have argued that Englishness was forged on the peripheries of the British Empire - that, as Simon Gikandi puts it, Englishness was "elsewhere". In this thesis, I take this argument in another direction, and ask whether travel to London enabled South Africans not only to think about London and Englishness, but also to forge ideas about South Africanness. In order to answer this question, I explore South African representations of London from 1948 onwards. I focus on the writing of Peter Abrahams, Dan Jacobson, Todd Matshikiza, Arthur Nortje, J.M. Coetzee, Justin Cartwright, and Isthtiyaq Shukri, providing an alternative and transnational history of both South African literature and London by exploring the interface between London and South African authors across a broad timespan. My comparison of the writing of Peter Abrahams and Dan Jacobson highlights London's role in the midst of important debates about liberalism, artistic independence and the role of the South African writer during apartheid. My study of Todd Matshikiza's London-based writing exemplifies the layered, transhistorical counterpoint between South Africa and London that is common to many South African narratives about London. Matshikiza's writing also includes references to other spaces - in his case, a global black imaginary - foregrounding the global resonances that are present in both London and South Africa. Arthur Nortje's poetry about London evinces a shifting dialectic between traumatic alienation and bodily embeddedness in the city, suggesting the need to rethink how exiled South African writers have engaged with places of exile. In my study of novels by Justin Cartwright and J.M. Coetzee, I focus on the metonymic role that London plays in South African writing, and explore how writing about London enables or occludes self-reflection on the part of "white" writers. In my epilogue, I read Ishtiyaq Shukri's The Silent Minaret (2005) in order to consider the interlinked histories of South Africa and London, but also to look forward and outwards to South African literature's broader global reach. In this thesis, I argue that a study of South African writing in London enriches our understanding of the historical development of South African culture and identity in response to exile, and specifically in relation to one of the most important international touchstones within the South African imaginary.
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Pedersen, Miriam Aurora Hammeren. "Being and belonging among White English-speaking South Africans." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32477.
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White English-speaking South Africans - WESSAs - have been an understudied topic in general, and particularly within the discipline of anthropology. In this thesis, I take the reader on an autoethnographic journey of attempting to make sense of life in the suburbs of Cape Town, searching for the elusive middle-class WESSAs and trying to attain an understanding of who they are. What does it mean to be and belong among this fascinating subcategory of Africans of European origin? The thesis takes a novel approach to the topic by viewing it through Nyamnjoh's framework of incompleteness, which posits that humans are incomplete by nature and culture (and cultivation). This framework is based on West/Central African philosophy and draws inspiration from the writings of Amos Tutuola, whose storytelling and conceptual universe also informs this thesis. Two key issues emerging from my fieldwork are power and belonging. A complex interplay exists between these factors of life in Cape Town. On the one hand, I argue that middle-class WESSAs have significant power in my field-site in terms of social status, linguistic dominance as well as control of institutions and the built environment. This hegemony leads to exclusion, marginalisation and Othering of non-WESSAs and less wealthy people, especially people of colour. On the other hand, WESSAs' tendency to perceive their positionality as universal, and their quest for completeness of being, ends up causing alienation and rootlessness even for WESSAs themselves. The themes of rootlessness and non-belonging permeate this thesis, highlighting the detrimental nature of hierarchies of race and class even for those at the top. I join Nyamnjoh in his call for a convivial mode of existence which acknowledges interdependencies, interconnectedness and the inherent incompleteness of human life.
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Howells, Jessica. "Delayed HIV testing in HIV-positive sub-Saharan Africans." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2014. http://digirep.rhul.ac.uk/items/8f400a67-d03b-decb-7dca-416308365ea3/1/.
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There is evidence that some sub-Saharan African individuals suspect that they are HIV positive before diagnosis but delay being tested for HIV. This increases the likelihood of being diagnosed late (with a severely compromised immune system), a phenomenon that has been observed in sub-Saharan Africans diagnosed in the UK. Late diagnosis has negative personal and public health consequences. There is a lack of understanding of the psychological processes associated with delayed HIV-testing. This study used a Grounded Theory methodology. It aimed to produce a theoretical model to explain the psychological processes associated with delayed HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africans in the UK but also how these processes changed over time and contributed to the decision to test. Seven HIV-positive sub-Saharan African individuals from a London HIV clinic and one from a HIV charity were interviewed about their experiences. Analysis led to the development of a theoretical model of delayed HIV testing. This model consisted of three theoretical codes: moving in and out of uncertainty about HIV infection; preferring not to know HIV status; and making the decision to test for HIV. Participants' HIV risk perception fluctuated and was characterised by uncertainty. This, in combination with a preference to not know their HIV status due to a number of feared consequences of being HIV-positive, deterred them from testing. Participants' thoughts and feelings about knowing their HIV status changed over time. These changes were that they: wanted certainty, had hope of being HIV-negative and/or a hope for treatment and life and preparing for and accepting a potentially positive result. The findings can inform interventions to reduce delayed testing and suggest: a) intervening with ambivalence on an individual level and b) promoting awareness of HIV c) promoting the benefits of testing/costs of not testing at a population level. The findings are discussed in relation to existing research and theory. Strengths and limitations of the study are discussed, as are clinical implications and suggestions for future research.
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Matanyaire, Sandra D. "The AIDS transition: impact of HIV/AIDS on the demographic transition of black/African South Africans by 2021." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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The first two official AIDS cases were diagnosed in South Africa in 1982. During the same period of the 1980s, the black/African population was experiencing an accelerated fertility decline, following a period of accelerated mortality decline. Demographers invoked the demographic transition theory to explain the observed mortality and fertility decline. According to the demographic transition theory, mortality and fertility rates would continue declining to low, post transitional levels with increasing modernization. The relatively higher prevalence of HIV/AIDS estimated among black/African South Africans is expected to alter their demographic transition. This research investigated the impact of HIV/AIDS on the demographic transition of black/Africans by 2021.
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Botha, Shani. "The cardiovascular profile of HIV–infected South Africans of African descent : a 5–year prospective study / Botha S." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7321.
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With great appreciation, I would like to accentuate the substantial contributions of the following
people who made this project possible:
To Dr. CMT Fourie (my supervisor), Prof. JM van Rooyen (my co–supervisor) and Prof. AE
Schutte (my co–supervisor) whose gracious advise, patient guidance, commitment and support
have enabled me to plan, analyse, interpret and write this project in a scientific manner. It has
been an educational experience for me, thank you.
To Mr. LS Wyldbore for the language editing of this dissertation.
I thank all the participants, researchers, field workers and supporting staff of the PURE study.
The financial assistance of the National Research Foundation (DAAD–NRF) towards this
research is hereby acknowledged.
A special thanks to my parents, sister, Albert, family and friends, thank you for the never–ending
love, support, patience and understanding that you gave me throughout this project.
Last, but not the least, a special thank to God for giving me the opportunity, talent,
determination and endurance to complete this project.Thesis (M.Sc. (Physiology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Mayoh, Melanie. "An exploratory analysis of HIV/AIDS epidemic risk-factors among Aboriginal people in Canada and African South Africans." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12374.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 51-56).When addressing the global HIV/AIDS pandemic, it is necessary to identify risk factors which are shared by populations, as well as those which may place populations uniquely at risk. Although Canada is a developed country, its Aboriginal population shares socio-economic characteristics with the world's developing populations. This thesis explores the shared risk factors among the Aboriginal population in Canada, where the HIV/AIDS epidemic is increasing despite relatively low national prevalence rates, and South Africa's African population, where the HIV/AIDS epidemic is particularly acute. The present analysis compares the profile of the African South African HIV/AIDS epidemic with risk factors that also occur among Aboriginal people. The results of this analysis show that the Aboriginal population has an epidemic risk profile that is similar to that of African South Africans. This points to the potential for a rapid increase of HIV/AIDS among Aboriginal people, as has been the case in the African South African population over the past two decades.
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Okpalaoka, Chinwe L. ""You don't look like one, so how are you African?" how West African immigrant girls in the U.S. learn to (re)negotiate ethnic identities in home and school contexts /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1230605597.
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Ambe, Nforh Anthony. "West Africans in Cape Town: Immigration and struggles over documentation, 1994-2016." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5464.
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Magister Artium - MAInternational migration has been a growing phenomenon in the West African community from the late 1960s as the colonial period came to an end and most West African countries gained their independence. During this period this migration trend was essentially from West Africa to Europe facilitated by the relationship that existed between West African states and their former colonial master. In the 1990s Western countries started restricting immigration by applying stricter immigration laws. West Africans who could not make it to the West sought alternative destinations like South Africa where the apartheid regime had just come to an end and the first elected democratic government had been installed in 1994. West Africans in South Africa are mostly economic immigrants and as South Africa's immigration policies changed this group of people faced challenges to acquire the documents required to legalize their stay in the country. This study seeks to analyze why West Africans chose to immigrate to South Africa and specifically Cape Town, their struggle for documentation and the extent to which the possession or non-possession of the correct documents affected their lives in Cape Town. It drew on interviews with Nine West Africans to try and understand this.The study found out that the main reason for West African immigration to South Africa after 1994 was because of the fall of the apartheid regime and the coming to power of the ANC government which re-established diplomatic and economic relations with most West African states. Countries in the West African region were faced with crisis in the 1980s as a result of policies that were implemented in the pursuit to address the ills of colonialism. As the economies of most of these countries declined, most West Africans were faced poverty and became desperate. In their quest for a better live West Africans embarked on immigrating to more developed and affluent countries. Initially they were immigrating to the countries of their colonial masters but with time as more people were immigrating, other destinations in Europe and North America became sought after. Restrictive immigration policies in these countries forced West African to look for new destinations to go to. They found that in South Africa after 1994. Apart from the economic crisis in the West African region, poor governance, corruption, political suppression and tribalism served as push factors in contributing to the immigration of West Africans to South Africa. As pull factors, the reliance on kinship played an important part in most West Africans who immigrated to South Africa. Many of them relied on the friends and family who were resided in South Africa for information, directions and support to make the journey and eventually join them were they are based. The picture and information that the mass media projected about South Africa also had a huge impact on the perception people had about the country. These perceptions contributed to the decision of West Africans to immigrate to South Africa. This study explored the range of visas West Africans sought to enter the country. It found that the visa they chose to apply for was not necessarily the real purpose of their visit but was the most convenient. This allowed them entry into the country and once in they sought other visas and permits to legalise their stay. This study found that it was a long hard journey to convert asylum permits to refugee permits Further the struggle over documentation was mainly because of the logistical short comings of the Department of Home Affairs. This study argues that it is the Department of Home Affairs that renders many of them illegal due to delays in processing the permits. .While they waited for documents, the lives of applicants were full of insecurity and there were difficulties in making a living. The informal sector provided one avenue for some. This thesis argues that applicants were desperate for the correct documents but even though they eventually acquired them these did not necessarily open up opportunities.
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Finos, Shuvai T. "'We are actually raising South Africans''. Raising immigrant families: The parenting experiences of Zimbabweans in South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31220.
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South Africa is the most popular international destination for Zimbabwean migrants escaping the economic crisis of their country. It has been estimated that by 2016, one and a half million Zimbabwean nationals were living in South Africa. However, little research explores the lived experience of Zimbabweans in South Africa in the context of family. This is despite scholars highlighting an increase in family migration from Zimbabwe to South Africa in recent years. This study explores the parenting experiences of immigrant Zimbabwean parents raising their children in South Africa. Specifically, it investigates the ways in which raising children in a different country and cultural context influences parents’ understanding of and approaches to parenting. Nine Zimbabwean mothers and fathers living with their spouses and children in Cape Town participated in a qualitative study, with semi-structured interviews. Data was collected and analysed using thematic analysis. The study found that the participants’ overarching experience of parenting was that they were ultimately raising ‘South Africans’. Participants framed their children’s ‘South African-ness’ positively, identifying the children as cosmopolitan and empowered, which they celebrated. However, they also lamented the children’s loss of identity as the most problematic aspect of ‘South African-ness’. To navigate the resultant tensions, participants relaxed some of their existing beliefs while simultaneously implementing measures to reinforce some non-negotiable values and beliefs in their children. This dissertation argues that while parents’ understanding of parenting is strongly rooted in their cultural background and values, they adapt their parenting styles and practices according to what they calculate will enable their families to thrive. The study adds to the body of knowledge on immigrant Zimbabwean families who have become part of South African society. This is especially relevant in light of the South African government’s laudable initiatives towards regularising the stay of Zimbabweans in South Africa, such as the Dispensation of Zimbabweans Project (DZP) of 2009 and its successive permits. This study can therefore contribute to the body of knowledge that informs the ways in which South Africa can continue to respond to the reality of migration from Zimbabwe.
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Anonyuo, Felicia Chigozie. "Agency and Transnationalism: Social Organization among African Immigrants in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07282006-205822/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Title from title screen. Kathryn A. Kozaitis, committee chair; Emanuela Guano, Cassandra White, committee members. Electronic text (207 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 15, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 196-203).
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Malan, Leoné. "Cardiovascular dysfunction and specific coping mechanisms in Africans / L. Malan." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/767.
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Motivation: Cardiovascular dysfunction and hypertension are some of the leading causes of
morbidity and mortality in the African population. According to the World Health Organisation the
increases in these diseases are escalating in developing countries. Apart from the contributory
role of genetics towards the incidence of hypertension, evidence regarding lifestyle as a
determinant or marker of cardiovascular diseases in this group is not well known. The
interaction of psychological and physiological mechanisms can contribute towards a broader
scope of behavioural physiology in the higher prevalence of hypertension in Africans.
Objectives: The main objective of the research in this thesis was to compare specific coping
mechanisms of Africans with regard to cardiovascular dysfunction.
Methodology: Manuscripts presented in Chapters 3, 4, and 5 made use of the cross-sectional
comparative epidemiological "Transition and Health during Urbanisation in South
Africa" (THUSA) project. The subjects included apparently healthy African men and women,
which were recruited as a convenience sample from the North West Province, South Africa.
Anthropometric measurements were taken and demographic questionnaires completed. An
adapted Setswana COPE questionnaire was used to classify men and women as predominantly
active (AC) or passive (PC) in coping style. Subjects were further subdivided into rural and
urban groups (Manuscript Two), as well as younger (≤ 40) and older (≥ 45) age groups
(Manuscript Three). The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was used to measure subjective
perception of health in all three manuscripts. Blood pressure was recorded continuously before
and during application of the handgrip test using the Finapres apparatus. Subjects were
classified as normotensive and hypertensive after blood pressure measurement by the Finapres
and the Riva-Rocci/Korotkoff method. The emphasis in this study was on the cardiovascular
reactivity values. Fasting, resting serum renin activity, cortisol, prolactin, testosterone, high
density lipoprotein, triglycerides, glucose and plasma fibrinogen values were correlated with
cardiovascular and psychological variables. Significant differences between variables were
determined by means of variance analyses (Manuscript One and Two adjusted for age;
Manuscripts One, Two and Three adjusted for resting cardiovascular data). A logistic regression
analysis was performed to determine the most significant determinants of urbanisation. All
THUSA subjects and parents of under-aged adolescents gave informed consent and the study
- was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher
Education. The reader is referred to the abstracts at the beginning of each separate manuscript
in Chapters 3 - 5 for a description of the subjects, study design and analytical methods used in
each paper.
Results and conclusions of the individual manuscripts:
Results from the THUSA study showed that PC men and women reported more symptoms
typical of an abnormal psychological and physiological profile than AC men and women. The
PC men, compared to AC men, exhibited a larger vascular reactivity response as well as
larger plasma renin activity. In contrast, the AC women showed a larger non-significant
vascular reactivity response than PC women. All subjects though reacted with increased
vascular reactivity on the stressor. Men with a PC strategy showed enhanced vascular
reactivity, a perception of poorer health and larger stressor plasma renin activity. PC women
reported more depressive symptoms and younger PC women indicated a higher prevalence
of hypertension than younger AC women.
As a follow-up on the first manuscript, the aim was focused mainly on including the
environmental effect, namely urbanisation, as possible explanatory factor for the atypical
physiological AC women’s' coping style. The rural AC subjects indicated more typical active
coping central cardiac responses than rural PC subjects whereas urbanised AC and PC
subjects indicated greater peripheral responses and hypertension prevalence rates. In
addition, the urbanised AC men and women and PC women as opposed to their rural
counterparts indicated symptoms more of a distress situation with increased values of
prolactin and decreased values of testosterone. This was also accompanied by a perception
of poorer health in women. Results of the AC style suggests that the typical physiological
AC stimulation pattern of urbanised subjects and especially the women is dissociated from
the "normal" physiological AC reaction and is now exhibited as a typical PC physiological
stimulation pattern. The greater vascular reactivity, hypertension prevalence, perception of
poorer health and endocrine distressed profile are associated with a PC and dissociated
physiological AC style in an urban context in African men and women. No differences with
regard to resting blood pressure or endocrine values were obtained when the AC and PC
urbanised groups were compared. Africans develop cardiovascular
dysfunction/hypertension during chronic stress or urbanisation. This implies a
dissociation/habituation of physiological systems of African men and women despite having
an active coping strategy. Active coping is, therefore, not necessarily "successful".
Results of the first two manuscripts direct further investigation concerning the effects of
ageing and urbanisation on the development of cardiovascular dysfunction and metabolic
syndrome indicators in gender groups. The second manuscript showed that all rural AC
subjects exhibit a more typical active coping central cardiac response and that rural PC and
all urbanised subjects (AC and PC) exhibit enhanced peripheral vascular responses on the -
handgrip test. Where peripheral vascular responses were more expected from older
individuals in Manuscript Three, the occurrence of this pattern is strengthened in the younger
subjects. The greater fibrinogen values in all younger urbanised women (AC and PC)
compared to rural women further strengthen the risk for the development of cardiovascular
disease. Increased vascular reactivity, abdominal obesity and increased levels of
triglycerides as well as perception of poorer health were apparent in the urbanised AC
women, PC men and women in comparison to their rural counterparts. The typical
physiological AC stimulation pattern of urbanised women is dissociated from the "normal"
physiological AC responses and is now exhibited as a typical PC physiological stimulation
pattern. A typical PC style in older urbanised subjects is implicated in the greater
hypertension prevalence.
To conclude, it seems as if young urbanised Africans, and especially women, exhibit an AC
style behaviourally with a dissociated physiological AC reaction pattern. Physiologically these
women resemble a typical PC physiological cardiovascular and endocrine profile. This typical
PC cardiovascular stimulation pattern is strengthened by a distressed endocrine profile,
significant metabolic syndrome indicators and a 'perception of poorer health. Older PC style
subjects also presented a greater hypertension prevalence. In this study it seems that
cardiovascular changes that appear at a younger age might be influenced by other factors
including urbanisation as a lifestyle factor as well as specific coping styles. Finally, a careful
suggestion is made that specific coping mechanisms could be seen as a possible risk marker in
the development of the metabolic syndrome.Thesis (Ph.D. (Physiology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Paris, Melanie. "Repatriated Africans from Cuba and Brazil in nineteenth century Lagos." Connect to resource, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1133886688.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio State University, 1998.Advisor: Abiola Irele, Dept. of African American and African Studies. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-82). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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McCleary-Gaddy, Asia. "Prejudice against Black Americans versus Black Africans in College Admission." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/609.
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Three studies examined prejudice as an explanation for the overrepresentation of Black Africans and the under-representation of native-born Black Americans in Ivy League institutions. I hypothesized admission officers may use Black Africans as a "cover" for their prejudice against Black American natives. The admission of more Black Africans may allow admission officers to express their prejudice toward Black American natives while maintaining an egalitarian image. In Study 1, although the Black African applicant was evaluated as more likable, competent, and had a greater chance of being admitted than the Black American native applicant, differences were only significant when compared with the White American applicant. In Study 2, the Black American native applicant was significantly less likely to be admitted when being directly compared to a Black African applicant (versus a White American applicant). Study 3, tested the boundary effects of Study 2 by exposing participants to an Affirmative Action statement. Similar to Study 2, the target Black American native applicant was significantly less likely to be admitted when in direct comparison with a Black African applicant. In Studies 1 and 3, levels of internal motivation and/or levels of external motivation to respond without prejudice significantly moderated the relationship between ethnicity and decision to admit. Furthermore, findings indicated that the decision to admit the target Black American native versus the competitor was dependent on perceptions of SES. Collectively, these studies offer evidence that the admittance of Black African applicants may provide a cover for discrimination against Black American natives. These results suggest that ethnicity, in addition to race, may affect the educational opportunities of minority group members.
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Bosch, Jason. "Significance of connexion genes in non-syndromic deafness in Africans." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3088.
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CUDJOE, KAREN J. "THE PORTRAYAL OF AFRICANS IN TEXTBOOKS: A CONTENT ANALYSIS STUDY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin989851864.
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Dobrovolskaite, Aiste. "Urine Electrolyte Excretion in a Hypertensive Population of East Africans." TopSCHOLAR®, 2017. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1947.
Full textAbstract:
Chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the largest contributor to mortality rates worldwide including in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs) which already suffer from high rates of infectious disease. Among the four major NCDs that cause 38 million deaths annually, cardiovascular disease (CVD) causes 17.5 million of these annual deaths. The primary risk factor of CVD is hypertension. Kenya, a developing country in Sub-Saharan Africa, has a high rate of hypertension with low (2.6%) management rates. Prior research from our lab has identified a population of Kenyans with a high prevalence of hypertension that is not statistically correlated with typical known risk factors such as obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and behaviors of smoking and lack of exercise. This study investigated the hypothesis that high dietary salt consumption and low K+ dietary intake are contributing to the etiology of high blood pressure in this community. To test our hypothesis, two spot urine samples representing nocturnal excretions (evening and morning) and blood pressure measurements were collected from 135 participants. All samples were analyzed for Na+, K+ and Cl- content using the Smartlyte Electrolyte Analyzer. The average of each spot urine sample was extrapolated to an estimated 24-h value by the method of Mills, et al. The overall population mean urine electrolyte excretion values for Na+, K+ and Cl- were 170.6 ± 89.3 mmol/L, 82.0 ± 54.0 mmol/L, and 87.7 ± 42.1 mmol/L, respectively. While these values fall within the suggested levels for Na+ (40-220 mmol/L) and K+ (25-125 mmol/L), they are under normal excretion levels for Cl- (110-250mmol/L). Overall ion excretion was higher in females than males, although only K+ values were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Analysis of Na+ and Cl- excretion from individuals stratified by blood pressure, revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) between normotensive and hypertensive stage I individuals for both electrolytes (57.9 mmol/L vs. 88.9 mmol/L and 65.5 mmol/L vs. 96.7 mmol/L, respectively). Overall, these results suggest that our sample population consumes dietary salt within a normal range and thus, the observed prevalence of hypertension likely results from other genetic and environmental factors.
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Mbaissouroum, Mouanodji. "Risk Factors of High Blood Pressure in Older South Africans." Thesis, Southern Connecticut State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10748437.
Full textAbstract:
High blood pressure (HBP) is a worldwide concern in many countries (Keamey, et al., 2005). HBP is likely to be higher in underdeveloped countries, specifically in Africa (Addo, Smeeth, & Leon, 2007; Kearney, et al.,2005; World Health Organization [WHO], 2015). The prevalence of HBP in South Africa is 21%, which is about 6 million individuals (Steyn, Gaziano, Bradshaw, Laubscher, & Fourier, 2001). The purpose of the study is to examine the predictive factors of HBP among older adults in South Africa. This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the World Health Organization (WHO & Phaswana-Mafaya, 2008). The total number of participants included in this sample was 2,145 adults age 60 and over, of which females comprise 59%. The average age was 69.50 years (SD= 7.63). The prevalence of reporting HBP among respondents was 37%. The multivariate analysis shows that, when other factors are controlled, being female, having a larger waist circumference, having a diagnosis of diabetes and depression, and urban residence significantly predicted HBP among older South Africans. When comparing men and women, the results of the logistic regression shows that the decrease of odds of having HBP among men who have diabetes and depression is less than the decrease of odds of having HBP among women who have diabetes and depression. These findings indicate that the risk factors, diabetes and depression, have a bigger effect on females compared to males. The results of the study will help to implement primary HBP prevention targeting South African older adult females who have been diagnosed with diabetes, depression, and who live in urban areas.
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Glanville, Tobi. "Blackamoores : Africans in Tudor England : their presence, status and origins." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2016. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/61484/.
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'Blackamoores: Africans in Tudor England, Their Presence, Status and Origins' (Blackamoores) is a book written by Onyeka and published in 2013. It contains original research conducted by Onyeka over twenty-three years in England, Scotland, Wales, Spain and the United States of America. During that time Onyeka met with considerable obstacles. He received threats from organisations such as the White Wolves and Combat 18, the purpose of which was to prevent him from continuing his research. The police and other agencies also warned him of further conspiracies that involved violence and intimidation. For many years Onyeka travelled to and from rural research centres to gather evidence for Blackamoores, he witnessed verbal and physical attacks of a racial kind directed against people of African and Asian descent and those of Traveller origin. He was also subject to abuse himself. From 2003-2009 Onyeka had supervision from staff in the History Department at Middlesex University, but eventually this department was dismantled. This was particularly significant as the academics within that department specialised in 'Black Studies'. Onyeka was left as the last history student at the University. Onyeka eventually wrote an essay on the African presence in Tudor England. Blackamoores is revised and different from that essay as it is an in depth and focused examination of the status and origins of Africans in Tudor society. For the first time Onyeka draws on evidence of an African presence in Medieval and Stuart England to support his arguments. This evidence has not been made available to the public before, and it is the first time that it has been used to examine the status and origins of Africans in Tudor England. Onyeka has found evidence of Africans in cities and towns such as Bristol, Hertford, London, Northampton, Norwich and Plymouth. He has proved in Blackamoores that Africans did not automatically occupy the lowest positions in Tudor society. Onyeka also shows that Africans in Tudor England were not all slaves, or transient immigrants who were considered as dangerous strangers and the epitome of otherness. In addition in Blackamoores he revealed that some Africans in England had important occupations in Tudor society, and were employed by powerful people because of the skills they possessed. Onyeka explains how Africans used these skills in Tudor England and most of these people were socially and economically useful in that. The evidence of these specific incidents is confidential and under investigation. The author also proves however, that Africans were not all foreign; and that most whether born in England or elsewhere, were integrated members of their local parishes. This is the first time that this kind of investigation of the status and origins of Africans in Tudor England has been carried out in any systematic and detailed way. The arguments in the book Blackamoores are supported by evidence from a variety of primary sources contained in early modern books, manuscripts, or from drawings, paintings, tapestries, sculptures and so on. Secondary sources are also examined in Blackamoores as are the post-colonial theories that relate to ethnicity, race and status such as Gayatri Spivak’s ‘can the dumb subaltern speak?’ In this thesis the words post-colonial are used to refer to the methodologies and narratives developed by historians studying what happened during colonialism, and also ‘post’ or after it. The phrase post-colonial also refers to a historiographical narrative that responds to the cultural legacies of colonialism, imperialism, and racism. Historians with a post-colonial perspective vary in their focus, but may also enquire into economics, law or any other area of ‘people activity.’7 In this thesis a wide group of historians are described as post-colonial but there is an acknowledgement that not all of the academics grouped in this way share the same perspectives. Onyeka also acknowledges that post-colonial methodologies and narratives are important in analysing evidence and developing arguments on the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Onyeka suggests however, that when it comes to examining primary records that are pre-colonial these narratives and methodologies can be set aside. Instead Onyeka offers pre-colonial perspectives such as there was no ‘scientific notion of race’ in Tudor society, and therefore Blackamoores offers an alternative view on diversity in early modern England. Having an idea to write about Africans in Tudor England, however, is quite different from actually doing it. This is not just because any research and writing will place demands on the writer, but because this subject relates to the socially contentious and psychologically challenging issues of colour, difference, race and identity. British Academia has been found by many commentators to be failing to examine these subjects effectively. Furthermore, the author acknowledges that the analysis and interpretation of the visual arts including paintings and drawings etc. is a complex part of historiography with its own sub-categories including art theory, art criticism and so on. The author also acknowledges that methodologies and narratives vary accordingly.
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Lishivha, Welcome. "Modern celebrity and inspiration in South Africa: an examination of the Mail & Guardian 200 Young South Africans." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/5165.
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The postapartheid condition of a majority of young people in South Africa is substantially similar to the apartheid conditions under which their parents lived. This results in a dominant narrative in the media and everyday talk circulating in South African that the youth are a ‘lost generation’ and also that they represent a significant danger and risk for the stability of our democracy. Against this backdrop The Mail and Guardian, one of the South Africa’s most influential newspapers has chosen to celebrate a small number of young people every year as inspirational and extraordinary in their achievements. This investigation into this representation of a significant - although small - group of young South Africans employed content analysis of the 2015 edition of 200 Young South Africans, interviews with profiled individuals across the years, and a focus group of readers. The study aimed to unpack the complexity of constructing certain young people as exemplary given the structural conditions that constrain and prevent a majority from attaining the education and mobility they need to make a difference in their own lives. The study found through the content analysis that the Mail&Guardian is setting up these young people as exemplary citizens whose actions should inspire other young people to similarly ‘make a difference’. Through the interviews the study found that those featured on the list found both that there was significant social capital in being valorised this way, but that this position was also a complex one to negotiate given the structural limitations of poverty and lack of education for those out of whom they had been chosen. The readers in the focus group did find inspiration in reading about their exemplary peers but they too were conscious of how small a group this was in comparison to the majority of young South Africans. In conclusion the study found that the narrative of hope, inspiration and making a difference is an important message in relation to a generalised hopelessness about South African youth but that it runs the risk of ignoring the significant structural constraints that young, poor, undereducated, unskilled young South Africans face.
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MacKinnon, Aran Stuart. "Land, labour and cattle : the political economy of Zululand, c.1930-1950." Thesis, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243290.
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Frieslaar, Farzanah. "Knowledge and perceptions about HIV among adolescent girls and young women aged 15 – 24 years: associations with HIV testing and sexual behaviour – a sub-study of the 2012 South African National HIV Household survey." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32621.
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Background. While much progress has been made, HIV remains a major global public health problem. South Africa remains home to the highest number of people living with HIV (7.1 million) in the world. Despite remarkable progress in the past decade, adolescent girls and young women aged 15-24 (AGYW) remain at higher risk of HIV exposure and infection than other groups. We do not know enough about AGYW HIV knowledge and perceptions, although it is likely an important factor to consider in AGYW's HIV risk. This paper investigates knowledge and perceptions about HIV risk behaviours and explores associations with demographic and behavioral characteristics among AGYW in South Africa. Methods. This sub-study is based on the 2012 South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence and Behaviour Survey, a cross-sectional population-based household survey. A multistage stratified cluster sampling approach was employed to select the study population. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine associations or factors which were associated with HIV knowledge. Results. Among the sample of 3700 AGYW aged 15-24 years, White [OR=2.44 (95% CI: 1.48-4.03), p=0.001] and Indian [OR=3.85 (95% CI: 2.39-6.18), p=0.000] AGYW were associated with high HIV knowledge compared to Black Africans. AGYW in urban informal [OR=0.64 (95% CI: 0.45-0.90), p=0.011] and rural informal [OR=0.57 (95% CI: 0.33-0.98), p=0.043] were associated with low HIV knowledge compared to urban formal settings. AGYW in Eastern Cape [OR=0.69 (95% CI: 0.48-1.00), p=0.048], KwaZulu-Natal [OR=0.69 (95% CI: 0.48-0.99), p=0.044], North West [OR=0.50 (95% CI: 0.32-0.77), p=0.002] and Limpopo [OR=0.44 (95% CI: 0.27-0.71), p=0.001] provinces were associated with low HIV knowledge compared to AGYW in Western Cape. Unemployed AGYW were associated with low HIV knowledge [OR=0.57, p=0.001]. While AGYW with higher levels of education: grade 12 [OR=1.66 (95% CI: 1.04-2.64), p=0.034] and tertiary [OR=2.68 (95% CI: 1.47-4.89), p=0.001] were associated with high HIV knowledge. AGYW having had sex in the last 12 months were associated with high HIV knowledge [OR=1.70 (95% CI: 1.08-2.72), p=0.023]. On the contrary, having multiple sexual partners in the last 12 months was associated with low HIV knowledge [OR= 0.60 (95%CI: 0.39-0.99), p=0.045] compared to AGYW that had 1 sexual partner in the last 12 months. AGYW with a low risk of alcohol use were associated with high HIV knowledge [OR=1.4 (95% CI: 1.02-1.87), p=0.039] compared to AGYW that abstained from alcohol. The final multivariate logistic regression model showed that AGYW in urban informal settings have low HIV knowledge [aOR=0.59 (95% CI: 0.35-0.99), p=0.046] among all geotypes. Conclusion. Overall, the main findings show a lack of knowledge among AGYW across race, geotype, province and sexual activity. More specifically that low HIV knowledge was associated with AGYW who were Black South Africans, living in informal settings, from Eastern Cape, KwaZulu Natal, North West and Limpopo, unemployed, had lower levels of education, and have multiple sexual partners. However, in the final multivariate analysis, only geotype stood out, indicating that there is an HIV knowledge deficit in urban informal settings. This can be addressed through the promotion of knowledge through education, equitable and accessible availability of education and sexual and reproductive health services, and HCT and support among AGYW living in urban informal settings.