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1
Kpoda, Daniella. "Das Bild der afrikanischen Frau in der deutschen und der französischen Kolonialliteratur und sein Gegenentwurf in der frankophonen afrikanischen Literatur der Kolonialzeit." Frankfurt am Main ; Berlin ; Bern ; Wien [u.a.] : Lang, 2009. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/316137469.html.
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2
Kpoda, Daniella. "Das Bild der afrikanischen Frau in der deutschen und der französischen Kolonialliteratur und sein Gegenentwurf in der frankophonen afrikanischen Literatur der Kolonialzeit." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2007. http://d-nb.info/991179722/04.
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3
Musau, Patrick Mwania. "The African woman as an agent of evangelization : her role and function in the mission activity of the Church in Africa /." Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999024612/04.
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4
Putter, Renier. "Dental fraud in South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5736.
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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) (Community Oral Health)<br>Healthcare fraud wastes money that could be spent in the treatment of patients. The
exact amount of healthcare fraud is very difficult to determine, especially in a two-tier
healthcare system like South Africa. The amount and cost of dental fraud in South
Africa has never been researched. If the amount and cost of fraud in a specific area
can be determined, resources can be better used to combat healthcare fraud in the
future.
5
Mathai, Muthoni. "Sexual decision-making and AIDS in Africa a look at the social vulnerability of women in Sub-Saharian Africa to HIV/AIDS." Kassel Kassel Univ. Press, 2006. http://www.upress.uni-kassel.de/publi/abstract.php?3-89958-226-8.
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6
Mathai, Muthoni. "Sexual decision-making and AIDS in Africa a look at the social vulnerability of women in Sub-Saharian Africa to HIV/AIDS : a Kenyan example /." Kassel : Kassel Univ. Press, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0002-2269.
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7
Eramus, L., and H. Fourie. "Internal audit activities performed in South Africa." Academic Journals, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001358.
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This study was conducted to determine the perception of the chief audit executive as head of the
internal audit function, on the internal audit activities that should be performed (current and future)
within South African companies after which the findings were compared with the international
perception in this regard. Data was also obtained on whether internal audit activities were performed inhouse
or were outsourced; the importance of the internal audit activities, senior management’s rating
of the value added, the internal audit approach followed, and whether the internal audit standards were
being complied with. A statistical analysis was performed on data that was obtained from
questionnaires and interviews. This study targeted 30 chief audit executives, and to a lesser extent 30
Chief Executive Officers/Chief Financial Officers/Chief Operating Officers, of large South African listed
companies. The results prove that chief audit executives perceive themselves as performing their
internal audit activities according to the internal audit Standards and that they satisfy the needs and
expectations of their companies. The internal audit profession, its clients and internal audit educators
may benefit from the study in the planning of future internal audit activities and educational
programmes respectively.
8
Labuschagne, Mario. "The role of internal auditors with specific reference to fraud investigation." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021385.
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The role of internal auditors is evolving to enable them to provide stakeholders with assurance and to assist organisations to achieve objectives and remain competitive to ensure the future existence of their organisations. The research for this study was guided by the question of whether the Institute of Internal Auditors guidance pronouncements provide sufficient guidance in the light of expectations of both the institute and management (stakeholders) relating to the role of internal auditors in respect of fraud investigation. Literature reviewed on the role of internal auditors showed that there is limited guidance provided with regards to fraud investigation, knowledge and skills required by an internal auditor to perform fraud investigations. The research methodology used for this study consisted of a qualitative case study of the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University committees, namely, Council, Senate and MANCO as well as a combination of deductive and inductive interpretative analysis methods. Semi-structured interviews were used to obtain data from participants who were randomly selected from Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Council, Senate and MANCO committees. The interviews revolved around three themes, namely, the role of internal audit, the information expected from internal audits and the role that the internal audit plays with regard to fraud. The interviews were recorded by means of a digital voice recorder which were transcribed by a qualified transcriber. The collected data was then manually coded by making use of standardised coding methods to assist with the analyses of the data. After considering the participant responses in relation to the themes, it could be deduced that a greater awareness needed to be created regarding the role of the internal audit and the services which internal audits could provide to organisations and management structures. The results of the analyses revealed that an expectation gap existed with regard to the Institute of Internal Auditors, guidance pronouncements and stakeholder expectations of internal auditor roles with specific reference to fraud investigations. This study showed that the IIA’s guidance pronouncements do not provide sufficient and adequate guidance in respect of the knowledge, skills and competency capabilities in relation to fraud investigations.The results of the study further showed that the expected role of internal auditors in an organisation should include fraud investigations.
9
Rama, Sobhana. "Managing Information Confidentiality Using the Chinese Wall Model to Reduce Fraud in Government Tenders." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1006956.
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Instances of fraudulent acts are often headline news in the popular press in South Africa. Increasingly, these press reports point to the government tender process as being the main enabler used by the perpetrators committing the fraud. The cause of the tender fraud problem is confidentiality breach of information. This is accomplished, in part, by compromising the tender information contained in the government information system. This results in the biased award of a tender. Typically, the information in the tender process should be used to make decisions about a tender’s specifications, solicitation, evaluation and adjudication. The sharing of said information to unauthorised persons can be used to manipulate and corrupt the process. This in turn corrupts the tender process by awarding a tender to an unworthy recipient. This research studies the generic steps in the tender process to understand how information is used to corrupt the tender process. It proposes that conflict of interest, together with a lack of information confidentiality in the information system, paves the way for possible tender fraud. Thereafter, a system of internal controls is examined within the South African government as well as in foreign countries to investigate measures taken to reduce the breach of confidential information in the tender process. By referring to the Common Criteria Security Model, various critical security areas within the tender process are identified. This measure is assisted with the ISO/IEC 27002 (2005) standard which has guiding principles for the management of confidential information. Thereafter, an information security policy,the Chinese Wall Model will be discussed as a means of reducing instances where conflict of interest may occur. Finally, an adapted Chinese Wall Model, which includes elements of the tender process, is presented as a way of reducing fraud in the government tender process. Finally, the research objective of this study is presented in the form of Critical Success Factors that aid in reducing the breach of confidential information in the tender process. As a consequence, tender fraud is reduced. These success factors have a direct and serious impact on the effectiveness of the Chinese Wall Model to secure the confidentiality of tender information. The proposed Critical Success Factors include: the Sanitisation Policy Document, an Electronic Document Management System, the Tender Evaluation Ethics Document, the Audit Trail Log and the Chinese Wall Model Prosecution Register.
10
Makhooane, Stephen Malefane. "An investigation into fraud and corruption risk management policies and procedures at institutions of higher learning." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003898.
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Fraud and corruption cost South Africa billions of rand yearly. Institutions of higher learning are no less vulnerable to fraud and corruption than other organisations, but are also subject to risks that are unique to academia. The Public Finance Management Act. No.1 of 1999 requires Public entities including the councils (university or college controlling body) of public institutions of higher learning to adopt enterprise risk management, which includes a fraud and corruption risk management policy and procedures. The function of the fraud and corruption policy is to provide an objective strategy to prevent, detect and investigate any possible irregularity in order to prevent further loss in line with Corporate Governance requirements. The anti-fraud and corruption strategy measures include setting the appropriate tone by management of the institution, being proactive (fraud risk assessments), and being reactive (reporting process, investigation and taking appropriate action). The actions include disciplinary action and criminal or civil proceedings in order to recover assets lost. The procedures address the implementation of the policy. This research focused on identifying the relevant issues that could be included in the formulation of fraud and corruption risk management policies and procedures for institutions of higher learning. The research was conducted using a qualitative methodology consisting of a document analysis and interviews. It was found that, out of eleven institutions of higher learning investigated only one institution meets the criteria set out in the framework developed in the research as an assessment tool. The other institutions involved in the research did not have fraud and corruption risk management policies or procedures and therefore did not comply with the Public Finance Management Act.
11
Madikane, Mpumelelo Patrick. "Misconduct relating to fraud and corruption in the public service." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018673.
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In an article, “Corruption and Governance Challenges: The South African Experience”,1 the Public Protector commented that corruption and good governance sit at the opposite ends of the spectrum. While good governance represents the ideal for governments, corporations and nations globally, corruption is a scourge that decent people, organisations and governments seek to eradicate. In the simplest of terms, corruption involves the abuse of power for private gain.The Public Protector further stated that it should be a concern to everybody that in post-independence Africa, certainly in South Africa, the accumulation of riches (in most cases, very sudden) is venerated even in the absence of visible means of accumulating the riches. South Africa has battled with corruption since the days of apartheid. Post-apartheid South Africa is a more open society and more opportunities have been created for detecting, exposing and prosecuting corruption. South Africa‟s approach to corruption is multipronged. The main pillars according to the Public Protector are the law, anti-corruption agencies, and public mobilisation.This studyhas attempted to attend to the challenges of managing misconduct relating to fraud and corruption that appear to weaken our democracy. Fraud and corruption is a complex phenomenon that requires managers and supervisors to possess a specialist technical knowledge in order to be effective in punishing those that are involved in this type of misconduct. The tendency currently is for the managers and supervisors to place suspected corrupt employees on a prolonged pre-cautionary suspension for a period that is not supported by law. This of course weakens the employer‟s case as they tend to rely on the outcomes of the proceedings in the criminal procedure before they institute disciplinary action against such culprits. Workers could be criminally prosecuted for this type of misconduct in terms of the provisions of the Prevention and Combating of the Corrupt Activities Act. Employers always enjoy the right to criminally prosecute workers who have committed acts of fraud or corruption but that must go concurrently with the institution of the disciplinary proceedings in terms of the collective agreement, if there is any. This study will show that the act of misconduct relating to fraud and corruption is a complex phenomenon that poses a threat to the global security. This study also takes a closer view of the provisions of international instruments and institutions such as the United Nations and International Labour Organisation. It further, does a detailed analysis of the provisions in other foreign jurisdiction like Canada. This is consistent with the provisions of the Bill of Rights as enshrined in the Constitution:Section 39(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa demands that when interpreting the Bill of Rights, a court, tribunal or forum: a. Must promote the values that underlie an open and democratic society based on human dignity, equality and freedom; b. Must consider international law; and c. May consider foreign law. Section 1 of the Labour Relations Act, states that the primary objects of the Act are: (a) To give effect and regulate the fundamental rights conferred by section 23 of the Constitution; (b) To give effect to obligations incurred by the Republic as a member state of the International Labour Organisation. Section 3 of the LRA further stipulates that any person applying this Act must interpret its provisions:(a) To give effect to its primary objects; (b) in compliance with the Constitution; (c) in compliance with the public international law obligations of the Republic.This treatise further shows the importance of the Constitutional values and principles that govern the Public Administration in terms of Chapter 10, section 195.Of importance the elements of fraud and corruption are discussed in this study.This study also gives a detailed analysis of the case laws that give guidance on how best to deal with and successfully punish employees involved in misconduct relating to fraud and corruption.
12
Van, Heerden Johan H. "Detecting fraud in cellular telephone networks." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50314.
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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Cellular network operators globally loose between 3% and 5% of their annual revenue to
telecommunications fraud. Hence it is of great importance that fraud management systems
are implemented to detect, alarm, and shut down fraud within minutes, minimising
revenue loss. Modern proprietary fraud management systems employ (i) classification
methods, most often artificial neural networks learning from classified call data records to
classify new call data records as fraudulent or legitimate, (ii) statistical methods building
subscriber behaviour profiles based on the subscriber’s usage in the cellular network and
detecting sudden changes in behaviour, and (iii) rules and threshold values defined by
fraud analysts, utilising their knowledge of valid fraud cases and the false alarm rate as
guidance. The purpose of this thesis is to establish a context for and evaluate the performance
of well-known data mining techniques that may be incorporated in the fraud
detection process.
Firstly, a theoretical background of various well-known data mining techniques is
provided and a number of seminal articles on fraud detection, which influenced this thesis,
are summarised. The cellular telecommunications industry is introduced, including a brief
discussion of the types of fraud experienced by South African cellular network operators.
Secondly, the data collection process and the characteristics of the collected data are
discussed. Different data mining techniques are applied to the collected data, demonstrating
how user behaviour profiles may be built and how fraud may be predicted. An
appraisal of the performances and appropriateness of the different data mining techniques
is given in the context of the fraud detection process.
Finally, an indication of further work is provided in the conclusion to this thesis, in
the form of a number of recommendations for possible adaptations of the fraud detection
methods, and improvements thereof. A combination of data mining techniques that may
be used to build a comprehensive fraud detection model is also suggested.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sellulêre netwerk operateurs verloor wêreldwyd tussen 3% en 5% van hul jaarlikse inkomste
as gevolg van telekommunikasie bedrog. Dit is dus van die uiterse belang dat bedrog
bestuurstelsels geïmplimenteer word om bedrog op te spoor, alarms te genereer, en bedrog
binne minute te staak om verlies aan inkomste tot ’n minimum te beperk. Moderne
gepatenteerde bedrog bestuurstelsels maak gebruik van (i) klassifikasie metodes, mees
dikwels kunsmatige neurale netwerke wat leer vanaf geklassifiseerde oproep rekords en
gebruik word om nuwe oproep rekords as bedrog-draend of nie bedrog-draend te klassifiseer,
(ii) statistiese metodes wat gedragsprofiele van ’n intekenaar bou, gebaseer op die
intekenaar se gedrag in die sellulêre netwerk, en skielike verandering in gedrag opspoor,
en (iii) reëls en drempelwaardes wat deur bedrog analiste daar gestel word, deur gebruik
te maak van hulle ondervinding met geldige gevalle van bedrog en die koers waarteen
vals alarms gegenereer word. Die doel van hierdie tesis is om ’n konteks te bepaal vir
en die werksverrigting te evalueer van bekende data ontginningstegnieke wat in bedrog
opsporingstelsels gebruik kan word.
Eerstens word ’n teoretiese agtergrond vir ’n aantal bekende data ontginningstegnieke
voorsien en ’n aantal gedagteryke artikels wat oor bedrog opsporing handel en wat hierdie
tesis beïnvloed het, opgesom. Die sellulêre telekommunikasie industrie word bekend gestel,
insluitend ’n kort bespreking oor die tipes bedrog wat deur Suid-Afrikaanse sellulˆere
telekommunikasie netwerk operateurs ondervind word.
Tweedens word die data versamelingsproses en die eienskappe van die versamelde
data bespreek. Verskillende data ontginningstegnieke word vervolgens toegepas op die
versamelde data om te demonstreer hoe gedragsprofiele van gebruikers gebou kan word
en hoe bedrog voorspel kan word. Die werksverrigting en gepastheid van die verskillende
data ontginningstegnieke word bespreek in die konteks van die bedrog opsporingsproses.
Laastens word ’n aanduiding van verdere werk in die gevolgtrekking tot hierdie tesis
verskaf, en wel in die vorm van ’n aantal aanbevelings oor moontlike aanpassings en verbeterings
van die bedrog opsporingsmetodes wat beskou en toegepas is. ’n Omvattende
bedrog opsporingsmodel wat gebruik maak van ’n kombinasie van data ontginningstegnieke
word ook voorgestel.
13
Frankel, Hazel. "David Fram : Lithuanian Yiddish Poet of the South African Diaspora and Illuminating Love." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2013. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/4914/.
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This thesis investigates the Yiddish poems of the South African Lithuanian immigrant David Fram. It locates Fram’s poetry and aesthetics in the context of Yiddish poetry in general and Lithuanian-South African Yiddish literature in particular. In doing this it identifies and investigates Fram’s main poetic themes, Diaspora, the memory of home and the condition of exile; landscape and people, nature and creator; his response to the Holocaust suggesting poetry is a legitimate means of expressing trauma. The thesis also deliberates on the potential relevance of taking Fram’s biography and personal experiences into consideration when interpreting his poetry. It reflects on the approach to and process of writing both this thesis and the novel Illuminating Love, considering how thesis and novel relate to each other and to Fram’s poetry, as well as to the notion of postmemory. Indicating the antecedents of Illuminating Love, the thesis discusses aspects of realism and postmodernism, genre and mixed genre, as well as development of voice, point of view and character in my novel. In conclusion, suggestions are made for future projects that might be undertaken to revitalise the vibrant language of Yiddish and memorialise its community. The appendix contains translations (following transliteration) of Fram’s poems. The creative component of the thesis is the novel Illuminating Love. Its narrative entwines the journeys of two Jewish women, Judith, forced to leave her home in Lithuania, Eastern Europe before World War II, and Cally her granddaughter living in contemporary South Africa. Transcribing Judith’s poems in calligraphy, Cally uncovers her family’s history and roots. The content of the love sampler she inscribes for her husband Jake, and the illuminating of a ketuba (the Jewish marriage contract) serve to counterpoint her personal circumstances. Behind the gilding lies the reality of domestic violence, Judith’s escape from the genocide and Jake’s experiences in the bush during the South African Border War.
14
deMatos, Richard Bernard. "Floor limits and credit card fraud in the South African credit card industry." Thesis, University of South Africa, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/48.
Full textAbstract:
Credit card fraud losses within the South African credit card market in 2006 exceeded
R257M. A portion of these losses (R179M) are within the borders of South Africa and its
common monetary area partners. This represents a startling 70% of credit card fraud on
magnetic stripe cards used within the borders of South Africa.
The South African credit card industry adopts floor limits at certain merchants and
merchant categories. South Africa is one of a few countries in the world that still adopt
floor limits on credit cards within its payment card industry. Credit card transactions on
magnetic-stripe cards conducted below the merchant’s designated floor limit do not go to
the issuing bank for authorization. The first time the issuing bank acknowledges these
transactions is when they are settled on average two days later. The rationale for not
adopting zero floor limits within the South African credit card market is the supposed
inability of the existing telecommunications infrastructure to handle the volume and
frequency of data submitted by merchants for authorization. The impact of reduced fraud
and bad debt losses through adopting a zero floor limit in relation to merchant
operational costs is the basis of the research. The research also aims to examine the
Proposition that the existing telecommunications infrastructure is unable to support a
zero floor limit proposal.
15
Aplom, Thobeka. "An investigation into the provision of government social grants to people with disabilities in Amathole Distrcit municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5754.
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This study seeks to investigate the efficiency and effectiveness of the process for providing government social grants to people with disabilities in the South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) Amathole District Municipality in order to determine the need for any improvement measures. Taylor’s scientific management theory and the Total Quality Management (TQM) concept were used to interpret efficiency in the functional activities of the officials working in the Disability Grant Unit in Amathole District. The study also sought to answer the question of whether exit programmes existed that were designed to assist the beneficiaries to support them and cater for their needs related to their disabilities. The study followed a qualitative method. Face-to-face interviews were conducted and the sample of this study consisted of ten participants who are working at Grant Administration. These participants included one General Manager; one District Manager; one SASSA doctor; one Head of Grants Administration in the district and six officials who are at lower levels of the hierarchy at Amathole District Municipality in East London service office. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes from the interviews. The findings of this study revealed that the majority of the respondents experienced challenges such as lack of assessment doctors, turn around-time, corruption, poor consultation, lack of managerial commitment and doctors regarding the assessment of applications. In this regards, the study made a set of recommendations on the measures and strategies that could improve efficiency in the provision of this service.
16
Lindorfer, Simone. "Sharing the pain of the bitter hearts : liberation psychology and gender-related violence in Eastern Africa /." Berlin [u.a.] : Lit, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2984110&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Bux, Fardeen. "The deductibility of losses incurred by a taxpayer as a result of senior employee theft, fraud or embezzlement." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020608.
Full textAbstract:
SARS has issued a draft interpretation note dealing with the deductibility of expenditure and losses arising from embezzlement and theft by employees noting that it is not prepared to accept, as a general proposition, that embezzlement and theft by senior managers have become a risk which is inseparable from business. There is however another view that is in direct contradiction with SARS. An analysis of global fraud surveys reveal that senior employee fraud is on the increase. In South Africa, criminal cases against senior employees in the private and public sector indicate that their behaviour can lead to an expectation of theft, fraud or embezzlement at that level of employees. The tests developed by the courts for the deduction of expenditure or losses in terms of the general deduction formula require that such expenditure or loss be attached to the performance of a business operation bona fide performed for the purpose of earning income and will be deductible whether such expenditure or losses are necessary for its performance or attached to it by chance. It is submitted that the increase in fraud and behaviour of senior employees noted in the criminal courts have resulted in a change in the economic environment supporting the contention that theft, fraud or embezzlement are an inherent risk to business in South Africa. In addition, global precedence supports the view that senior employee defalcations are deductible but only to the extent that the perpetrator is not in a proprietor or shareholder role. SARS therefore appears to be turning a blind eye to the risk of theft, fraud or embezzlement by senior employees but there is sufficient evidence to support a taxpayer wishing to claim a deduction for such loss. In light of international precedence, National Treasury should enact legislation allowing a deduction or alternatively, SARS should align its view with such precedence.
18
Phalama, Mmabore S. H. "Factors affecting implementation of enterprise applications integration (EAI) with special reference to corruption and fraud in DOD." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20253.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Corporate mergers and partnerships are common in today’s competitive environment and
inevitably require organisations to integrate information and telecommunication systems
when such unisons take place. One of the most important challenges in each enterprise,
especially forced by global markets and the resulting competition, is the capability to
efficiently interact, collaborate and exchange information with business partners and within
an organisation. Many software systems within organisations are not integrated into a
homogeneous structure and therefore the sharing and exchange of information, not being
synchronised, leads to possible misappropriation of such information. These isolated systems
in organisations, could consequently become possible platforms for corruption and fraud,
leading to increase in computer crime. While key risk areas remain, new dangers are
emerging. Government stakeholders require departments to be accountable and responsible,
which underpins the sharing and exchanging of relevant information, which in turn
necessitates the integration of inter- as well as intra-departmental systems. If corruption and
fraud is committed in these departments the impact may be significant, including damage to
their reputation and image and even detrimental to service delivery to communities.
Government and law enforcement agencies all over the world are faced with challenges of
combating corruption and fraud. Fighting corruption and fraud committed via computers
necessitates the need to close the gaps created by computers which were designed without
consideration for future integration. Hence organisations should seek a way to link systems
that were developed in isolation in order to simplify and automate business processes to the
greatest extent possible. The aim of this study is to discuss factors affecting the
implementation of application systems in large organisations with special reference to the
South African Department of Defence (SA DOD). Current systems will be studied and a
possible approach on how the DOD Vehicle Management Systems could be integrated will
be recommended. This study introduces and defines the problem, describes different research
methodologies including the methodology that was used. The topics of corruption and fraud,
electronic commerce and e-government will be explored through intensive research of the
extant literature, drawing interpretations to be applied to the empirical data gathered on fraud
and corruption in DOD and on their ITC systems. Finally the findings and recommendations
of this research, based on the theoretical and empirical data, will be presented.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Korporatiewe oornames en vennootskappe is algemeen in vandag se kompeterende
omgewing. Dit is dus onvermydelik dat daar van ondernemings verwag word om informasie
en telekommunikasie stelsels te integreer by die paasvind van sulke verbintenisse. Een van
die mees belangrike uitdagings in elke onderneming, veral in die lig van globale markte met
die gevolglike kompeterende uitdagings, is die vermoë vir effektiewe interaksie,
samewerking en uitruil van inligting met besigheidsvennote en ook in die onderneming self.
Talle sagteware stelsels in ondernemings is nie geïntegreer in ʼn homogene struktuur nie en
gevolglik, omdat dit nie gesinkroniseer is nie, lei die deel en uitruil van informasie tot
moontlike wederregtelike toe-eiening van sulke informasie. Sulke geïsoleerde stelsels in
ondernemings kan dus die platvorms word van korrupsie en bedrog en lei tot ʼn verhoging van
rekenaarmisdywe. Terwyl sleutel risiko areas steeds van toepassing is, is daar ook weer
nuwe gevare wat te voorskyn kom. Die Staat se aandeelhouers vereis dat departemente
aanspreeklik en verantwoordelik sal wees wat die belangrikheid van die deel en uitruil van
inligting onderstreep en wat op sy beurt weer die integrasie van inter- asook intradepartementele
stelsels noodsaak. As misdaad en korrupsie gepleeg word in hierdie
departemente mag die impak betekenisvol wees. Dit sluit in skade aan hul reputasie en beeld
en kan selfs dienslewering aan gemeenskappe belemmer.
Om korrupsie en bedrog wat met rekenaars gepleeg word te beveg, is dit nodig om die
gapings toe te maak wat deur ontwerpe geskep is sonder dat toekomstige integrasie
inaggeneem is. Ondernenings moet dus ‘n manier soek om stelsels te koppel wat in isolasie
ontwikkel was met die doel om besigheidsprosesse tot die grootste moontlike mate te
vereenvoudig en te outomatiseer. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die faktore te ondersoek
wat die implementering van stelsels beïnvloed in groot ondernemings met spesifieke
verwysing na die Suid Afrikaanse Departement van Verdediging (SA DVV). Huidige sisteme
sal bestudeer word en ʼn moontlike benadering sal aanbeveel word oor hoe die DVV se
Voertuig Bestuurstelsels geintegreer kan word. In hierdie studie word die besiheids- asook
die navorsings-probleem gedefineer. Die onderwerpe van korrupsie en bedrog, elektroniese
handel en e-regering sal ondersoek word deur intensiewe navorsing van bestaande literatuur
te doen. Dit word aangevul deur vertolkings van die hierdie toepaslike literatuur gepaard met
empiriese data versameling oor bedrog en korrupsie in die DVV en die Departement se
“ITK” stelsels. As finale stap sal die bevindings en aanbevelings van hierdie navorsing,
gebasseer op teoretiese en impiriese data, aangebied word.
19
Naidoo, Stephanie. "The South African Criminal Law's response to the crimes of fraud and corruption within local government." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60075.
Full textAbstract:
The crime of fraud and corruption is rife within South African municipalities. This negatively impacts on the efficient and effective service delivery through wasteful and uneconomic expenditure incurred by Municipalities through the perpetration of the aforementioned crimes.
The writer envisages researching, investigating, critically analysing and evaluating the South African criminal law?s response in combatting the scourge of fraud and corruption within local government. In order to do so the research will examine the efficacy of the Prevention and Combatting of Corrupt Activities Act 12 of 2004, in prosecuting individuals who perpetrate acts of fraud and corruption.
The current Act unlike its predecessor, has enacted special provisions in sections 4 and 26(1)(a) for the prosecution of public officials who commit acts of fraud and corruption. The Act makes provisions for a general offence of corruption and also punishes various specific forms of corruption. The essential purpose of the Act is the ?unbundling? of the offence of corruption. A duty is imposed by the Act to report corrupt practices and keep record of previously convicted persons and enterprises who unlawfully received tenders and contracts as a result of such acts of corruption. This record will ensure that harsh restrictions are placed on such individuals. Furthermore, this Act is designed to reinforce South Africa?s obligations under the United Nations Convention against Corruption adopted by the General Assembly on 31 October 2003.
The penal provisions of the Act, serves as a deterrent in that a conviction for corruption invokes a 15 year imprisonment term. All in all, the Act has provisions to effectively prosecute perpetrators of corruption. The same is true for the crime of common law fraud although punishment is at the court?s discretion.
Detecting fraud and corruption within local government is extremely difficult because of its disguised form. In view hereof forensic investigative methods have to be adopted in order to produce the standard of proof required in our courts of law to successfully prosecute these crimes.
Finally, the research will produce findings which will inform the recommendations that will be made. The writer envisages making implementable recommendations that may lead to the detection, effective investigation, successful prosecution and ultimately the prevention of the crimes of fraud and corruption within local government.<br>Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2016.<br>Public Law<br>LLM<br>Unrestricted
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Opperman, Sophia Kathleen. "Perceptions on fraud and corruption policies and strategies in public procurement within the Western Cape Provincial Treasury (WCPT)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96104.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Corruption affects the lives of everyone in South Africa and can thus be characterised as a
common enemy.
Fraud and corruption especially in the procurement systems is one of the major
contributors of annual losses the Western Cape Provincial Government incurs. Since the
introduction of computerised procurement systems, also known as e-procurement, the
occurrence of fraud and corruption has substantially increased as soon as individuals
familiarize themselves with the system. The Western Cape Provincial Government will
save a huge amount of money if fraud and corruption could be prevented and limited.
These funds could be put to better use and result to better service delivery. The
Government has therefore developed many policies and strategies to try to combat and
prevent corruption in procurement both in the public and private sector.
This study examines the perceptions of key stakeholders on the appropriateness of the
strategies in place to prevent fraud and corruption in the provincial procurement system by
particularly looking at the achievements and limitations that have been experienced. The
focal point is the Western Cape Provincial Treasury since they are currently the owners of
the computerised procurement system. The study also includes an assessment of the role of
the Western Cape Provincial Treasury in general in fighting fraud and corruption in public
procurement.
The research methods utilised include a comprehensive review of documentation
published by the provincial government with regard to fraud and corruption as well as
perceptions of key stakeholders on the appropriateness of anti-corruption policies and
strategies in the Western Cape Provincial Government.
Government has, in its commitment to fight corruption, established various anti-corruption
agencies, developed a number of programmes and introduced numerous legislative
frameworks. The Western Cape Government in particular has developed a transversal
Anti-corruption Strategy to provide a framework within which to combat fraud, corruption
and theft in the province. All provincial departments are encouraged to maintain a zerotolerance
against corruption by developing and implementing a Fraud and Corruption
policy within their various departments. The proper implementation of the anti-corruption policy is imperative for the prevention of fraud and corruption. Western Cape Provincial
Treasury, as the custodian of the LOGIS procurement system in the Western Cape, plays a
vital role in promoting compliance to relevant legislation by implementing anti-corruption
strategies.
It is apparent that different anti-corruption strategies to control and manage fraud and
corruption in procurement do exist, but its appropriateness differs from department to
department. Anti-corruption strategies will only be successful when it eliminates the
occurrence of fraud and when perpetrators are caught and executed.
Management should play a vital role in identifying and combating corruption in
departments. Employees should be made aware of the consequences if they should commit
any fraudulent acts. Furthermore, all officials should be encouraged to report any
fraudulent incidents.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Korrupsie beïnvloed die lewens van almal in Suid-Afrika en kan dus gedefinieer word as 'n
gemeenskaplike vyand.
Bedrog en korrupsie, veral in die verkryging stelsels is een van die grootste bydraers van
die jaarlikse verliese die wat die Wes-Kaapse Provinsiale Regering aangaan. Sedert die
bekendstelling van die gerekenariseerde verkryging stelsels, ook bekend as e-verkryging,
het die voorkoms van bedrog en korrupsie aansienlik verhoog sodra individue hulself
vertroud maak met die stelsel. Die Wes-Kaapse Provinsiale Regering sal 'n groot bedrae
geld bespaar as bedrog en korrupsie voorkom en beperk kan word. Hierdie fondse kan op
op sy beurt beter aangewend word en kan tot beter dienslewering lei.
Die Regering het baie beleide en strategieë ontwikkel om korrupsie te probeer verhoed en
te bestry - beide in die openbare en private sektor.
Hierdie studie ondersoek die persepsies van belanghebbendes oor die toepaslikheid van die
strategieë om bedrog en korrupsie in die provinsiale verkryging stelsel te voorkom deur
veral te kyk na die prestasies en beperkings wat ondervind is. Die fokuspunt is die
Wes-Kaapse Provinsiale Tesourie, aangesien hulle tans die eienaars van die
gerekenariseerde verkryging stelsel is. Die studie sluit ook 'n evaluering van die rol wat die
Wes-Kaapse Provinsiale Tesourie speel om bedrog en korrupsie in die openbare
verkryging stelsel te voorkom.
Die navorsingsmetodes wat gebruik is sluit in ‘n omvattende opname van die
dokumentasie wat deur die provinsiale regering gepubliseer is met betrekking tot bedrog
en korrupsie asook persepsies van belanghebbendes oor die toepaslikheid van
anti-korrupsie beleide en strategieë in die Wes-Kaapse Provinsiale Regering. In sy verbintenis om korrupsie te beveg, het die regering verskeie anti-korrupsie
agentskappe ingestel, 'n aantal programme ontwikkel en talle wetgewende raamwerke
bekend gestel. Die Wes-Kaapse regering het in die besonder 'n dwarsleggende
Anti-korrupsie strategie ontwikkel om 'n raamwerk te voorsien waarbinne bedrog,
korrupsie en diefstal in die provinsie bekamp kan word. Alle provinsiale departemente
word aangemoedig om 'n “zero tolerance” teen korrupsie te handhaaf deur die ontwikkeling en implementering van 'n bedrog en korrupsie beleid binne hul onderskeie
departemente. Die behoorlike implementering van die anti-korrupsie beleid is noodsaaklik
vir die voorkoming van bedrog en korrupsie. Wes-Kaapse Provinsiale Tesourie, as die
bewaarder van die LOGIS verkryging stelsel in die Wes-Kaap, speel 'n belangrike rol in
die voldoening aan toepaslike wetgewing deur die implementering van anti-korrupsie
strategieë.
Dit is duidelik dat verskillende anti-korrupsie strategieë om bedrog en korrupsie te beheer
en te voorkom wel bestaan, maar die toepaslikheid verskil van departement tot
departement. Anti-korrupsie strategieë sal slegs suksesvol wees wanneer dit die voorkoms
van bedrog elimineer en wanneer oortreders gevang en tereggestel word.
Bestuur moet 'n belangrike rol speel in die identifisering en die bekamping van korrupsie in
departemente. Werknemers moet bewus gemaak word van die gevolge indien hulle enige
bedrieglike dade pleeg.
Verder moet alle amptenare aangemoedig word om enige bedrieglike voorvalle aan te
meld.
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Chitimira, Howard. "A comparative analysis of the enforcement of market abuse provisions." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015008.
Full textAbstract:
Market abuse practices may directly or indirectly give rise to diverse problems such as inaccurate stock market prices, low public investor confidence, reduced market integrity and poor efficiency in the affected financial markets. This thesis reveals that three major forms of market abuse, namely insider trading, prohibited trading practices (trade-based market manipulation) and the making or publication of false, misleading or deceptive statements, promises and forecasts relating to listed securities (disclosure-based market manipulation) are prohibited in South Africa. However, although South Africa has had market abuse legislation for about 30 years, and must be commended for its great effort to enhance market integrity by combating market abuse practices, the enforcement of such legislation is still problematic. Moreover, in spite of the fact that there is no empirical data or accurate figures quantifying the occurrence and extent of market abuse activities in the South African financial markets, this thesis submits that market abuse practices are still to be completely eradicated. Accordingly, this thesis suggests that the aforementioned problem might have been aggravated by inter alia, various gaps, flaws and/or inconsistent implementation and enforcement of the market abuse legislation in South Africa. To this end, the anti-market abuse enforcement framework under the Securities Services Act 36 of 2004 is analysed to investigate its adequacy. The co-operation and role of the Financial Services Board, the courts, the Directorate of Market Abuse and other relevant stakeholders is also examined and discussed. Moreover, the co-operation between the Financial Services Board and similar international agencies is discussed to gauge its effectiveness in relation to the combating of cross-border market abuse practices. The adequacy of the awareness and preventative measures in place to curb market abuse practices is also investigated to determine whether such measures are robust enough to combat other new challenges that were posed by the 2007 to 2009 global financial crisis. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is undertaken of the enforcement of the market abuse prohibition in other jurisdictions, namely the United States of America, the United Kingdom, the European Union and Australia. This was done to investigate the relevant lessons that can be learnt or adopted from these jurisdictions. The thesis further discusses the adequacy of the recently introduced provisions of the Financial Markets Bill as well as the subsequent market abuse provisions of the Financial Markets Bill 2012. The thesis highlights that the aforementioned Bills are positive attempts by the policy makers to improve the enforcement of the market abuse provisions in South Africa. Nonetheless, the thesis reveals that most of the shortcomings contained in the Securities Services Act 36 of 2004 were duplicated in the Financial Markets Bill and the Financial Markets Bill 2012. In light of this, it remains to be seen whether the market abuse provisions contained in the Financial Markets Bill and/or the Financial Markets Bill 2012 will improve the combating of market abuse practices in South Africa. Consequently, it is hoped that the relevant market abuse provisions of the Securities Services Act 36 of 2004, the Financial Markets Bill and/or the Financial Markets Bill 2012 will be comprehensively reviewed in regard to the recommendations made in this thesis. To this end, the thesis proposes a viable anti-market abuse model and policy framework and sets out both policy objectives and provisions which policy makers could use to strengthen some of the market abuse provisions in South Africa.
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Jachi, Adelaide Gamuchirai. "An analysis, from a South African case law perspective, of the deductibility of losses due to embezzlement, fraud, theft, damages and compensation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60855.
Full textAbstract:
When calculating the income tax payable for a year of assessment, a taxpayer deducts from his or her or its income, allowable deductions in terms of the preamble to section 11 and section 11(a) as read with section 23(g) of the Income Tax Act, 58 of 1962. Amongst the expenditure and losses incurred by a taxpayer during a year of assessment, a claim may be sought for the deduction of losses incurred due to embezzlement, fraud and theft as well as damages and compensation. The requirements of the preamble and section 11(a) include the requirement that expenditure and losses must be incurred “in the production of the income”. Losses incurred due to defalcations, as well as expenditure on damages and compensation must satisfy this requirement to be allowed as deductions. The objective of the research was to analyse the judicial decisions dealing with “in the production of the income” in granting a deduction for income tax purposes in cases dealing with embezzlement, fraud and theft, and damages and compensation, to establish why the courts grant or disallow the deduction of expenditure and losses. A doctrinal research methodology was applied to the research. The provisions of the Income Tax Act, relevant case law relating to embezzlement, fraud and theft, and damages and compensation, and the contributions of the revenue authority and tax experts in articles of accredited journals, textbooks and other writings were analysed. The major conclusions drawn from the research were that losses due to defalcations are regarded as having been incurred “in the production of the income” if the taxpayer discharges the onus of proof that the risk of the act leading to misappropriation is an incidental risk of the business. Expenditure on damages and compensation is deductible provided the expense is attached to the performance of a business operation bona fide performed for the purpose of earning income and the expense is so closely connected with the business operation as to be regarded as part of the cost of performing it. Where negligence is attached to an expense or loss, the South African courts have held that negligence does not increase the likelihood of disallowing an expense or loss as not having been incurred “in the production of the income”.
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Harris, Jonathan Andrew. "Three Essays on Politics in Kenya." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10572.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines ethnic patronage, local conflict, and election fraud in Kenya in three separate essays. Fraud, violence, and ethnicity are difficult to measure, and they often play a central role in narratives and theories about African politics. The essays in this dissertation draw on natural language processing, spatial statistics, and demography to improve measurement of these concepts and, in turn, our understanding of how they function in Kenya. The approaches developed here can be generalized to conflict, ethnicity, and fraud in other contexts. The first essay presents a method for extracting ethnic information from names. Existing methods give biased estimates by ignoring uncertainly in the mapping between names and ethnicity. I apply my improved, approximately unbiased method to data on political appointments from 1963 to 2010 in Kenya, and find that existing narratives about distributive politics do not accord with empirical patterns. The second essay examines patterns of violent ethnic targeting during Kenya's 2007-2008 post-election violence. I focus on patterns of arson, one of the key types of violence used in the Rift Valley. I find that incidence of arson is related to the presence of ethnic outsiders, and even more strongly related to measures of land quality, accessibility, and electoral competition. Using a difference-in-differences design, I show that arson caused a significant decrease in the number of Kikuyu and other immigrant ethnic groups registered to vote; no such decline is observed in indigenous ethnic groups. The third essay documents the prevalence of dead voters on Kenya's voter register prior to the contentious 2007 presidential elections, and shows how dead registered voters may have facilitated electoral fraud. Simply accounting for the number of dead voters demonstrates that turnout was greater than 100% in several opposition constituencies, and implausibly high in most of the incumbent president's home province. Ecological inference suggests that ballot-stuffing occurred in candidate strongholds, rather than competitive constituencies. These results are consistent with the opposition party's allegations of fraud.<br>Government
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Ngoma, Wilson. "Towards a more flexible approach to the fraud exception in letters of credit under South African law: a comparative analysis with select common law approaches and the UNCITRAL Convention." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15192.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this dissertation is to recommend an alternative approach to the fraud exception in South African law. The Current South African position as with the English law, places more weight on upholding the sanctity of the autonomy principle in letters of credit than preventing fraud. This is mainly because the courts have traditionally taken the view that protection of the autonomy principle is central to promoting the needs of trade and maintaining the integrity of the international banking community. Hence, this dissertation argues that an approach to the fraud exception in South African law that is more in line with that of the American law and/or the UNCITRAL Convention strikes a better balance in upholding the value of letters of credit and combatting fraud than the current South African position. Based on the comparative analysis of the position in the United Kingdom, United States of America and under the UNCITRAL Convention, the dissertation seeks to draw upon important lessons and principles pivotal to a preferable approach to the fraud exception in South African law that would enhance a better balance between the autonomy arguments and deterrence of fraud.
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Petersen, Ashwin. "The effectiveness of internal control activities to combat occupational fraud risk in fast-moving consumer goods small, medium and micro enterprises (SMME’s) in the Cape Metropole." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2731.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Internal Auditing
in the Faculty of Business and Management Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology<br>South African Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) play an important role in the stimulation of the national economy. However, according to previous research studies, these business entities have one of the worst sustainability rates in the world as approximately 80% of South African SMMEs tend to fail after being in operation for only three years. Taking the weak sustainability rate of these business entities into account, further studies suggest that South African SMMEs operate in a harsh economic environment, which, in turn, creates a breeding ground for risks to realise in, including that of occupational fraud risk. According to scholarly literature, the occurrence of occupational fraud risk is believed to stem from the utilisation of inadequate and/or ineffective internal control activities – South African SMMEs, in general, are believed to make use of inadequate and/or ineffective internal control activities. For this research study, focus was placed on investigating the effectiveness of internal control activities used within South African fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) SMMEs to combat occupational fraud risk. This was achieved by conducting a literature review (see Chapter 2) to assist in the development of a survey to, in turn, conduct empirical research by collecting quantitative data from respondents (see Chapter 3). All relevant quantitative data gleaned were analysed using both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (see Chapter 4). Based on the analysed data, it was found that although implemented internal control activities in sampled South African FMCG SMMEs were customised, a few internal control activities assisted in the combating of occupational fraud risk while the bulk of internal control activities did not assist in combating occupational fraud risk. Stemming from the study conducted, the inference was made that the occurrence (realisation) of occupational fraud risk may be exacerbated by the implemented internal control activities in South African FMCG SMMEs due to their ineffectiveness.
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Innhausen, u. Knyphausen Adrian zu [Verfasser], and Ralph [Akademischer Betreuer] Rupp. "A novel method for Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching (FRAP) analysis of chromatin proteins in pluripotent embryonic cells of the South African clawed frog X. laevis / Adrian zu Innhausen u. Knyphausen ; Betreuer: Ralph Rupp." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221960563/34.
Full text
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Gwanzura, Owen. "An exploration of ethical conduct in the South African public sector: a case of the Eastern Cape Department of Education." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007121.
Full textAbstract:
The Eastern Cape Department of Education has become like a problem child in the Republic of South Africa. It is a cause for concern to both the provincial and national government. This is a department where service delivery is problematic. Schools are not built or renovated and children are taught in dilapidated structures or sometimes under trees. Hardly a week passes without the department making the headlines in the media for the wrong reasons. It is widely accepted that the department is dysfunctional and education is in a crisis. The department has emerged as the number one culprit of engaging in corrupt activities in the province. Public officials in the department have been identified as being at the helm of these corrupt activities. In the 200/10 financial year, the Auditor General issued a disclaimer to the department and highlighted a lack of direction, accountability and a total breakdown of internal control systems and supply chain management within the department. Numerous fraud risk indicators were identified during the audit and underlined by findings that are indicative of fraud and corruption within the department. This unfortunate state of affairs is contrary to the requirements of section 195(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa which provides for the democratic values and principles governing public administration including inter alia, that: A high standard of professional ethics must be promoted and maintained. Efficient, economic and effective use of resources must be promoted. Public administration must be accountable. This raises several questions about the ethical fitness of public officials in the department as the custodians of the public resources and trust. Though several reasons abound for this unfavourable state of affairs in the department, the researcher has singled out unethical conduct by public officials in the department and its impact on service delivery. The approach followed in this research was to analyse the 2009/10 Department of Education Annual Report and the 2009/10 Auditor General’s Report to the Eastern Cape Department of Education. The analysis confirmed the existence and occurrence of multiple cases of unethical conduct in the department. At the end scientific recommendations are proposed to alleviate this ill.
28
Mbabane, Simphiwe Mkhululi. "The external supervision of the municipal procurement." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5803_1370594147.
Full text
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van, Rensburg Rachel Janse. "Resource Description and Access (RDA): continuity in an ever-fluxing information age with reference to tertiary institutions in the Western Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6380.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Library and Information Studies - MLIS<br>Although Resource Description and Access (RDA) has been discussed extensively amongst the
ranks of cataloguers internationally, no research on the perceptions of South African
cataloguers was available at the time of this research.
The aim of this study was to determine how well RDA was faring during the study's timeframe,
to give a detailed description regarding cataloguer perceptions within a higher education setting
in South Africa. Furthermore, to determine whether the implementation of RDA has overcome
most of the limitations that AACR2 had within a digital environment, to identify advantages
and/or perceived limitations of RDA as well as to assist cataloguers to adopt and implement the
new standard effectively.
The study employed a qualitative research design assisted by a phenomenological philosophy
to gain insight into how cataloguers experienced the implementation and adoption of RDA by
means of two concurrent web-based questionnaires.
The study concluded that higher education cataloguing professionals residing in the Western
Cape were decidedly positive towards the new cataloguing standard. Although there were some
initial reservations, they were overcome to such an extent that ultimately no real limitations
were identified, and that RDA has indeed overcome most of the limitations displayed by
AACR2. Many advantages of RDA were identified, and participants expressed excitement
about the future capabilities of RDA as it continues toward a link-data milieu, making library
metadata more easily available.
30
Janse, van Rensburg Rachel. "Resource Description and Access (RDA): continuity in an ever-fluxing information age with reference to tertiary institutions in the Western Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6267.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Library and Information Studies - MLIS<br>Although Resource Description and Access (RDA) has been discussed extensively amongst the
ranks of cataloguers internationally, no research on the perceptions of South African
cataloguers was available at the time of this research.
The aim of this study was to determine how well RDA was faring during the study's timeframe,
to give a detailed description regarding cataloguer perceptions within a higher education setting
in South Africa. Furthermore, to determine whether the implementation of RDA has overcome
most of the limitations that AACR2 had within a digital environment, to identify advantages
and/or perceived limitations of RDA as well as to assist cataloguers to adopt and implement the
new standard effectively.
The study employed a qualitative research design assisted by a phenomenological philosophy
to gain insight into how cataloguers experienced the implementation and adoption of RDA by
means of two concurrent web-based questionnaires.
The study concluded that higher education cataloguing professionals residing in the Western
Cape were decidedly positive towards the new cataloguing standard. Although there were some
initial reservations, they were overcome to such an extent that ultimately no real limitations
were identified, and that RDA has indeed overcome most of the limitations displayed by
AACR2. Many advantages of RDA were identified, and participants expressed excitement
about the future capabilities of RDA as it continues toward a link-data milieu, making library
metadata more easily available.
As this research has revealed a distinctly positive attitude from cataloguers' two main matters
for future research remains, being:
? Why South African participants in this study voiced almost no perceived limitations to
RDA as a cataloguing standard. Future research might be able to relay information
regarding this trend, especially in the light that it was not a global phenomenon.
? A deeper look might have to be taken at how participants' experienced RDA training
as this phenomenon might be closely linked to the reasons why the participants did not
mention more limitations.
31
Pape, Marion. "Frauen schreiben Krieg." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15584.
Full textAbstract:
Kein anderes Thema hat die nigerianische Literatur so dominiert wie der nigerianische Bürgerkrieg, in dessen Verarbeitung sich verstärkt auch Autorinnen einmischen. Die Dissertation evaluiert 34 Texte von 16 nigerianischen Autorinnen - 12 Romane und 22 Kurzgeschichten - und analysiert sie als Gesamtkorpus, in dem die Texte miteinander und mit der Männerliteratur einen Dialog um den Bürgerkrieg führen. Die Autorinnen wenden bei ihrem "war talk" literarische Strategien wie "re-reading" und "re-writing" an, das Neu-Lesen, Fort- und Umschreiben der Texte und Diskurse des "Zentrums", durch die nicht nur die Blindstellen eines von Männern dominierten literarischen Diskurses sichtbar werden, sondern durch die auch der Prozess des Aushandelns der Geschlechterverhältnisse sowie des Krieges selbst erfolgt, seiner Ursachen, Auslöser und Folgen. Die Autorinnen stellen den Krieg als "sexuelle Unordnung" dar, als Geschlechterkrieg. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass bei der Verortung der Perspektive der Autorinnen neben Geschlecht, ethnischer Zugehörigkeit auch andere Faktoren, wie Alter, Race, Grad der Distanz oder Nähe etc. berücksichtigt werden müssen, um vorschnelle Festschreibungen zu vermeiden. Hierbei spielen die Paratexte eine wichtige Rolle, in denen die Autorinnen sich persönlich zum Krieg äußern. Die Arbeit bewegt sich an den Schnittstellen mehrerer Disziplinen: Literatur, Historiographie und Geschlechterstudien. In der Einleitung werden die theoretischen Prämissen im Kontext von Krieg, Geschlecht und literarischer Repäsentation behandelt. Das 1. Kapitel ist dem historischen Kontext des Bürgerkrieges, einschließlich der Rolle der Frauen darin gewidmet. Im 2. Kapitel geht es um die Darstellung des Krieges, des Selbst- und Feindbildes sowie der Zukunft. Das dritte Kapitel handelt von der Beziehung zwischen Bürger- und Geschlechterkrieg, vermittelt durch das Medium literarischer Text. Die Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse und der Ausblick auf zukünftige Forschung erfolgt im Schlussteil. Der Anhang enthält ein vorläufiges Verzeichnis der gesamten Frauenliteratur über den nigerianischen Bürgerkrieg.<br>No other topic has dominated the Nigerian literature as much as the Nigerian Civil War and female authors increasingly interfere in its literary representation. The thesis evaluates 34 literary texts by 16 female Nigerian authors - 12 novels and 22 short stories - and analyses them as distinctive corpus whose individual texts are in a state of dialogue both with each other and with texts from male authors. The female authors use, in their "war talk", literary strategies like "re-reading" and "re-writing" of texts from the "Centre". On the one hand, these strategies enable them to make the blind spots of a male dominated literary discourse apparent/visible on the other hand, they facilitate the negotiation of gender relations and of the war itself, its causes, trigger points and consequences. The female authors represent war as "sexual disorder", as gender war. The study shows that in order to be able to locate an author''s perspective (and to avoid rash conclusions) it is essential to consider the different factors determining it - besides ethnicity and gender, also age, race, the grade of emotional involvement or distance etc. It is in this regard, where the paratexts play an important part, as in these authors express their personal views and comments on the war. The thesis is located at the interfaces of several disciplines: literary, historical and gender studies. The introduction deals with the theoretical backgrounds in the context of war, literary representation and gender. The first chapter is dedicated to the historical context of the Nigerian Civil War including the role of women. The second chapter looks at the paratexts, different representations of the war''s causes, the self-image, the enemy''s image and the future. The third chapter finally deals with the question how the relationship between Civil War and gender war is negotiated/conveyed through the medium of the literary texts. In the conclusion the results are summarized and prospects for future research are discussed. The appendix contains a preliminary bibliography of all literary texts on the Nigerian Civil War written by female authors.
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Legotlo, Tsholofelo Gladys. "Mitigating fraud in South African medical schemes." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23578.
Full textAbstract:
The medical scheme industry in South Africa is competitive in relation to international standards. The medical scheme sector, as part of the healthcare industry, is negatively affected by the high rate of fraud perpetrated by providers, members and syndicates, which results in medical schemes funding fraudulent claims. The purpose of the study was to explore strategies to mitigate fraud in medical scheme claims. A qualitative research methodology was followed in this study, which adopted a case study approach. Empirical data was analysed through thematic analysis, with the aid of ATLAS.ti software. The study found that healthcare service providers mainly defraud medical schemes by submitting false claims. A holistic approach should be followed to mitigate fraud in medical scheme claims. This approach should encompass regularly identifying trends in fraudulent claims and implementing appropriate control strategies. Collaboration within the medical scheme industry and with other stakeholders would also help to elevate the fight against medical scheme fraud to a new level. Implementing the recommendations from the study will assist medical schemes to reduce the funds expended on fraudulent claims, thereby improving their financial viability and decreasing the rate of increase in medical scheme contributions for members.<br>Business Management<br>M. Com. (Business Management)
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Ramakgoakgoa, M. F. "The challenges brought by the fraud syndicate activities within Ritavi policing area of Limpopo Province." 2013. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001405.
Full textAbstract:
M. Tech. Policing<br>The purpose of this study was to solicit the views of the South African Police Service (SAPS) members, both at local police and the Commercial Crime Branch levels, as well as from the wider representatives from the community, regarding the weaknesses of the SAPS Commercial Crime Branch strategies towards responding to syndicate fraud activities.
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Aschendorf, Cynthia Bernice. "Handwriting as individualisation technique in fraud investigation." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/11890.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this research is to investigate how handwriting as an individualisation technique in fraud investigation can be used by police detectives, SARS investigators and forensic investigation specialists, who are responsible for the investigation and linking the perpetrator, with a view to criminal prosecution.
A further intent was to share and introduce a number of important concepts, namely: criminal investigation, identification, individualisation, fraud, evidence and handwriting. The research will explain the sophisticated investigation techniques used to obtain sufficient information to prove the true facts in a court of law. Identification is the collective aspect of the set of characteristics by which an object is definitively recognisable or known, while the individual characteristics establish the individuality of a specific object. Many types of evidence may be used to link an individual with a crime scene, and associate that individual with the performed illegal handling.
It also explained that during a cheque/document fraud investigation, it is in most cases the only link to information to trace, identify and individualise the perpetrator, and to obtain a handwriting specimen. It is also discussed how to eliminate a person being a writer of a document, and how to collect, package and mark a disputed document during the investigation. If the investigators use their knowledge of these concepts, it should enhance their investigative skills, and empower them to be become better equipped for the challenges they face in identifying, individualising and linking the perpetrators, in order to ensure successful prosecution and conviction.<br>Police Practice<br>M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
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Grebe, Gerhard Philip Maree. "The management of fraud risk in South African private hospitals." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18557.
Full textAbstract:
The concept of sustainability has become imperative for any organisation in order to survive and prosper in the long term. As such, the management of fraud risk has become an important component for organisations in order to achieve this objective. The purpose of this study was to explore the management of fraud risk within the South African private hospital sector. The study endeavoured to ascertain how private hospitals in South Africa manage fraud risk. In this regard, problem areas in the management of fraud risk were identified, and recommendations are provided in order to improve the management of fraud risk in the South African private hospital sector. Primary data was collected by means of survey research, which involved management staff at head office level and at hospital level, as these two groups were identified to have the required expertise and experience with regard to risk management procedures and practices within South African private hospitals. The findings suggested that South African private hospitals could improve their current risk management practices, in particular with regard to fraud risk. By implementing the recommendations provided by the study, private hospitals will be able to manage fraud risk more effectively. These recommendations will not only be beneficial to private hospitals, but will also have a positive effect on numerous external stakeholders, because the effective management of fraud risk could lead to considerable cost savings. The public hospital sector of South Africa would equally find the research findings and recommendations of value because it could also be applied to their fraud risk management practices.<br>Business Management<br>MCOM (Business Management)
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Tanfa, Denis Yomi. "Advance fee fraud." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2304.
Full textAbstract:
The focus of this thesis is on Advance Fee Fraud (419 scams) on how it is executed and more importantly, on how it can be prevented. The research addresses the origins of AFF, the nature and extent of this crime and how the perpetrators are able to defraud their victims. The research described, examined and analysed the crimes, the perpetrators, the victims, adjudication and the prevention strategies of this fraud. Information was gathered through literature and empirical research. A qualitative research method was used to gather information from AFF offenders who were incarcerated in South African prisons in 2005. The results of the empirical research were carefully examined, analyzed and integrated into the various chapters of this thesis. A theoretical framework was also developed in an attempt to explain this complex phenomenon. The findings and recommendations in terms of the crimes, the criminals, the victims, adjudication and prevention were also made and some suggestions for further research thereof were also cited.<br>Criminology<br>D. Litt. et Phil. (Criminology)
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Sivnarain, Ranesh. "The value of investigative profiling of fraud offenders by forensic investigators." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4300.
Full textAbstract:
The problem that the researcher encountered was that forensic investigators were found not to be formally using offender profiling as an investigative technique during investigations into fraud. This research was conducted to ascertain how offender profiling may be useful in expediting the forensic investigation process.
The purpose of this research was to establish what offender profiling is, and what aspects or ingredients constitute such an offender profile. As offender profiles will serve as an aid in future forensic investigations into fraud, this study attempted to create an understanding and awareness of the value of offender profiling. In order for forensic investigators to use offender profiling during routine fraud investigations, it is extremely important that they understand the concept and its practical implementation.
The overall purpose of this study is to provide practical recommendations for the implementation and use of offender profiling to forensic investigators both in the public and private sectors.<br>Criminal and Procedural Law<br>(M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation))
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Thenga, Godfrey. "The value of modus operandi in investigating child support grant fraud." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18754.
Full textAbstract:
While establishing modus operandi information is an investigative technique that is used globally in the investigation of fraud, investigators of child support grant fraud in South Africa do not properly use this technique in their investigation.
The study sought to examine the modus operandi used by civil servants in unduly accessing child support grand fraud. The study adopted a qualitative approach, with structured interviews and literature as data-collection methods. Two sample groups were used to gather data. The data was analysed using spiral method.
The study found that modus operandi as a valuable investigation tool was not properly used and in other instances was never used in the investigations. On the basis of the findings, it is recommended that modus operandi captured on the police and corporate database systems be used as reference for comparing modus operandi of known grants fraudsters. Training and skills be provided to public and corporate investigators on the use of modus operandi information in the investigation of social grants.
To ensure that good practice is developed, a modus operandi guideline document should be crafted by the South African Police Services' detective division at National level and corporate investigators respectively, with a view to improve conviction rate.<br>Criminology and Security Science<br>M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
39
Geldenhuys, Nicolaas D. C. "An evaluation of identification methods used in the investigation of counterfeit card fraud." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21185.
Full textAbstract:
Today, the use of one's bank card to pay or withdraw money is common. Modern technology provides us with the convenience of instant transactions at the automated teller machine or point of sale but unfortunately, it has also brought the reality and risk of card skimming and counterfeit card fraud. Criminals have become very efficient and technologically advanced in skimming and counterfeiting cards, to such an extent that counterfeit card fraud has become a significant threat to the public, banking, retail and business in South Africa.
Counterfeit card fraud is a complex, multi-faceted crime, requiring specific skills and knowledge of card counterfeiting methods from police and bank investigators. The scope of its investigation is wide. It includes different crime scenes and offenders, sophisticated equipment and various aspects that need to be identified positively. Investigators find it difficult to identify perpetrators and certain aspects unique to this crime and, as a result, many investigations are unsuccessful. This research endeavours to establish what identification methods are available to investigators and which are effective.<br>Police Practice<br>M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
40
Botha, Christoffel Rudolph. "Bedrog in die Suid-Afrikaanse strafreg." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14168.
Full text
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Budhram, Trevor. "Examining the unique security features of a credit card with the aim of identifying possible fraudulent use." Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/631.
Full textAbstract:
The use of credit cards has become a way of life in many parts of the world. Credit cards have also created many new opportunities for criminal activity.
It is in this light that organizations such as VISA International have explored a variety of security alternatives by constantly reviewing security measures that may be applied to cards and devote considerable resources to the maintenance of security systems and programmes. These programmes mandated by the association, include uniform card standards, security standards for manufactures, embossing and encoding of cards, standards for mailing the cards and credit background investigations of applicants. These standards assist investigators in examining counterfeit cards and distinguish a counterfeit card from a genuine card. The constant reviewing of security features and methods by the association is to create a card that is technically difficult to alter or counterfeit.<br>Criminology<br>M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
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Van, der Linde Carien. "Vicarious liability of banks for fraudulent conduct of their employees." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13973.
Full textAbstract:
LL.M. (Banking Law)<br>When a bank employee commits fraudulent acts within the course and scope of his employment, he renders the bank vicariously liable for his fraud. The logical conundrum is that since a bank never employs someone to commit fraud, and since fraud is thus never in this sense within the course and scope of his employment, should the bank never be liable for this fraudulent conduct? If this were the law, the public could potentially be defrauded with impunity, because those defrauded would be left only with a claim against a fraudster who likely has no assets. This dissertation examines the common-law doctrine of vicarious liability and illustrates the sometimes-haphazard manner in which courts have applied the underlying principle to the varying facts that arise. It will be shown that the application of the doctrine to cases involving fraud by bank employees is particularly inconsistent and unsatisfactory. It will be proposed that the solution lies in the development of the common law so as to promote the spirit, purport and objects of the Bill of Rights, and particularly section 25 of the Constitution. 2 This paragraph conceptualises the vicarious liability doctrine. Paragraph 2 considers the application of the doctrine by the courts, and points to inconsistencies in approach. The third paragraph deals briefly with the position in two common-law jurisdictions, Canada and Britain. The final paragraph proposes a solution to the observed inconsistencies: an employee acts in the course and scope of his employment for purposes of imposing vicarious liability when the employer’s right not to be arbitrarily deprived of his property in terms of section 25 of the Constitution is acknowledged, and his vicarious liability is limited to cases where there is a rational relationship between the employee’s fraudulent conduct and the scope of his employment, and not an arbitrary deprivation. In considering the South African cases, it readily becomes apparent that the courts have already instinctively adopted the approach of examining the nature and extent of the deviation by the employee from the scope of his employment, but have not done so in the context of the property clause ...
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Motsepe, Lesiba Lolly. "A critical analysis of the investigative capacity of general detectives in handling fraud cases." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25550.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the question of investigative capacity of South African Police
Service general detectives at the local station level with regard to fraud investigation.
The research presented in this thesis is based on a qualitative thematic analysis of the
systemic investigative capacity of the detectives handling fraud and related offences.
Fraud related crimes are consistently dismissed and perceived as less serious than
violent crime, yet the impact of fraud affects individuals, organisations, and society.
This study includes interviews with n = 15 (83%) participants out of 18 (100%) using a
semi-structured interview schedule for data collection. The available literature
indicates the increasing incidents of general fraud being inadequately investigated at
the local police stations because of investigative incapacity. The complexities of any
criminal investigation require sufficient resources to achieve the highest level of
investigative performance. In this regard, criminals are gradually outwitting the
conventional methods of fraud investigation, especially in terms of technological
advancements. The study’s findings reveal how general detectives are systematically
tested to their capacity in relation to fraud investigation – inter alia, participants
identified the following challenges to meeting investigative objectives: ambiguous
general fraud investigation directives, poor training, limited resources, abuse of
available resources, unreasonably high workloads, and human resource shortages.
These institutional factors need consideration to allow progress in criminal
investigation procedures. This study creates the context for the recommendation that
a series of systemic reforms be introduced, based on a professional model, pertaining
specifically to fraud investigation at the local police station level. This means some of
the distinct investigative practices that are effective be inverted and strengthened in
recognition of the scope and complexity of general fraud, and the influence this
complexity has on investigative methodology. For example, setting up proper and
recognised station-level fraud units to handle incoming “general fraud” cases, staffed
with trained detectives, who have access to adequate resources. This would create
an opportunity to address institutional issues around training to rectify general
detectives’ core skill deficiencies prior to them being assigned to criminal cases.
Training should include case management, investigative procedures, and the use of
technology (to effectively combat digital fraud). Moreover, it is vital to maintain an
oversight over the fraud mandates which differentiate the scope of practice between
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specialist and general detectives, with a thorough understanding of what constitutes
general fraud and complex, organised fraud. It is furthermore suggested that local and
international best practice trends be implemented by general detectives in their fraud
investigations.<br>Thutopatlisiso eno e sekaseka ntlha ya bokgoni jwa go batlisisa jwa matseka a
kakaretso a Tirelo ya Sepodisi sa Aforikaborwa kwa legatong la seteišene sa selegae
malebana le dipatlisiso tsa boferefere. Patlisiso e e tlhagisitsweng mo thesising eno e
theilwe mo tshekatshekong e e supang, e tlhatlhoba le go kwala ditiragalo tsa bokgoni
jwa go dira dipatlisiso jwa matseka a a dirang ka ditlolomolao tsa boferefere le tse di
amanang le tseo. Bosenyi jo bo amanang le boferefere gantsi bo kgaphelwa thoko
mme bo tsewa e le bosenyi jo bo sa tsenelelang go tshwana le bosenyi jwa
tirisodikgoka, fela ditlamorago tsa boferefere di ama batho, ditheo le setšhaba.
Thutopatlisiso eno e akaretsa dipotsolotso le banni le seabe ba le n = 15 (83%) go
tswa go ba le 18 (100%), go dirisiwa sejule ya dipotsolotso e e batlileng e rulagane go
kokoanya tshedimosetso. Dikwalo tse di gona di supa koketsego ya ditiragalo tsa go
se batlisisiwe go go lekaneng ga boferefere jwa kakaretso kwa diteišeneng tsa
selegae tsa sepodisi ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya bokgoni jwa go batlisisa. Marara a patlisiso
epe fela ya bosenyi a tlhoka ditlamelo tse di lekaneng go fitlhelela tiragatso e e kwa
godimo ya patlisiso. Mo ntlheng eno, disenyi di tlhalefetse mekgwa ya tlwaelo ya
dipatlisiso tsa boferefere, bogolo segolo mo ntlheng ya tswelelopele ya thekenoloji.
Diphitlhelelo tsa thutopatlisiso di bontsha ka moo bokgoni jwa matseka bo lebaganang
le teko e e boitshegang ka gona malebana le dipatlisiso tsa boferefere – gareng ga
tse dingwe, banni le seabe ba supile dikgwetlho tse di latelang malebana le go
fitlhelela maitlhomo a dipatlisiso: dikaelo tse di sa tlhamalalang ka kakaretso malebana
le dipatlisiso tsa boferefere, katiso e e bokoa, ditlamelo tse di tlhaelang, tiriso e e
botlhaswa ya ditlamelo tse di gona, selekano sa tiro se se kwa godimo moo go sa
amogelesegeng mmogo le tlhaelo ya badiri. Dintlha tseno tsa mo setheong di tlhoka
go lebelelwa go kgontsha gore go nne le tswelelopele mo ditsamaisong tsa dipatlisiso
tsa bosenyi. Thutopatlisiso eno e tlhoma bokao jwa dikatlenegiso tsa gore go itsesewe
diphetogo tsa thulaganyo di le mmalwa, di theilwe mo sekaong sa porofešenale, se
se totileng dipatlisiso tsa boferefere kwa legatong la seteišene sa selegae sa sepodisi.
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Seno se kaya gore ditiragatso dingwe tsa dipatlisiso tse di dirang sentle di
rulaganngwe sešwa le go maatlafadiwa go lebeletswe bogolo le marara a boferefere
ka kakaretso, mmogo le tshusumetso ya marara ano mo mokgweng wa dipatlisiso.
Seno se kaya, go naya sekai, go tlhoma diyuniti tsa boferefere tse di siameng le tse
di lemogwang kwa legatong la seteišene go samagana le dikgetse tse di tsenang tsa
"boferefere jwa kakaretso", di na le matseka a a katisitsweng, a a kgonang go fitlhelela
ditlamelo tse di maleba. Seno se tlaa dira tšhono ya go samagana le dintlha tsa setheo
malebana le katiso go lolamisa tlhaelo ya bokgoni jwa botlhokwa jwa matseka a
kakaretso pele ga ba ka rebolelwa dikgetse tsa bosenyi. Katiso e tshwanetse go
akaretsa tsamaiso ya dikgetse, tsamaiso ya dipatlisiso le tiriso ya thekenoloji (go
lwantsha boferefere jwa dijitale ka nonofo). Mo godimo ga moo, go botlhokwa go nna
le tlhokomelo ya dithomo tsa boferefere e e farologanyang tiro ya matseka a
baitseanape le a kakaretso, go tlhaloganngwa sentle pharologano magareng ga
boferefere jwa kakaretso le boferefere jo bo marara jo bo rulaganeng. Gape go
tshitshinngwa gore matseka a kakaretso a diragatse mekgwa ya tiragatso e e gaisang
ya selegae le ya boditšhabatšhaba mo dipatlisisong tsa ona tsa boferefere.<br>Police Practice<br>D. Litt. et Phil. (Police Science)
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Myeza, Nkosinathi Wonderboy. "Significance of bank records analysis as a technique in tracing fraud suspects." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19024.
Full textAbstract:
Text in English<br>The research attempts to establish the significance of bank records analysis as a technique in tracing fraud suspects. The purposes of conducting this research was to establish the current approach by the investigators of the SAPS in respect of bank records analysis in tracing fraud suspects; to explore and report on the findings of national and international literature in an attempt to find new information thereby improving the current method of bank records analysis and its specific use in tracing fraud suspects; and to make new information, in the form of written articles and this dissertation, available to the SAPS to be considered for inclusion in the training curriculum for their investigators.
In collecting data, the researcher used literature study, interviews with individual participants and case dockets analysis. Essentially, the recommendations were drawn from the conclusions of the data obtained. These recommendations may offer solutions to the problem identified.<br>Criminology and Security Science<br>M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
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Benade, Dirk Christoffel. "Corporate governance and fraud: an investigation to determine whether the primary recommendations of the king report can assit in preventing management irregularities within an organisation." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/20645.
Full textAbstract:
A Research Report Submitted to the Faculty of Commerce
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Mastel of Commerce
Johannesburg 1995<br>The King Report released in South Africa in 1994 has the potential to revolutionise
the country's existing form of Corporate Governance. The objective of the report is
to improve the system by which companies in South Africa are directed and
controlled (King Report, 1994:1). This objective encompasses decreasing the risk
of management fraud within entities. The question which this research report
addresses is whether a reduction in the risk of management irregularities in an
organisation can be achieved through adherence to the King Report's proposals. To
obtain this answer a South African company which experienced significant
management frauds was selected for examination as a case study, and a
determination was made as to whether the proposals of the King Report, had they
been implemented, could have prevented the irregularities which occurred in the
organisation. The finding of the research is that diligent compliance with the King
Report's recommendations can assist significantly ill both preventing and detecting
management fraud, but is unlikely to prevent all management irregularities within an
organisatlon
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Mahalefa, Andries. "Vetting as a technique to investigate employment fraud in the City of Johannesburg." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27197.
Full textAbstract:
The research study covers the following topic “Vetting as a Technique to Investigate Employment Fraud in the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan”. The researcher intends to evaluate the current procedures which are used in the process of forensic vetting as employment fraud investigation method in CoJ. Furthermore, to build the ground work for potential future innovation, problem solving, decision making and proper planning of the use of forensic vetting as employment fraud investigation method.
The researcher applied the qualitative approach throughout the research because qualitative involves interaction between the researcher and the subject that was identified as a problem that concerned CoJ
The researcher had selected ten (10) forensic investigators to partake in this study. The total population to be interviewed and collect data from was considerable and appropriate for evaluating forensic vetting as an employment fraud investigation method. The researcher used purposive sampling to choose the participants for this research.
It was found that every individual within an organ of the State must be subjected to the vetting process. It was further found that the institutions in governmental, organs of the State and private spheres must adopt the forensic vetting practice to minimize fraudulent activities in their organizations.<br>Department of Police Practice<br>M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
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Modikoe, Semfeng Agnes. "Evaluation of fraud prevention measures in the Unemployment Insurance Fund, North West Province / Semfeng Agnes Modikoe." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11305.
Full textAbstract:
The fraud prevention measures in Unemployment Insurance Fund, North West
Province, were evaluated in this study. The manual on fraud prevention measures
was formulated and started implementation in 2000, and since !hen, no review was
made. Different literature was reviewed to find out what other researchers say about
the related problem. In reviewing literature, it was found out that fraud had an
adverse effect in any business, and the best way to combat or prevent it, was to
formulate and implement some preventative measures, monitor and review them at
least annually.
Data gathering was conducted by distributing questionnaires to different staff of
Unemployment Insurance Fund throughout the North West province. The
questionnaires were aimed at identifying the most vulnerable areas to fraud,
evaluating the effectiveness of fraud prevention measures, identifying different types
and causes of fraud and finding out whether contributors and their employers are
well informed about the Unemployment Insurance Fund.
The study found that the existing fraud prevention measures were not quite effective
in the sense that they are reactive than preventive according to the respondents.
Claims, accounts and registry sections were identified as the most vulnerable
sections. The most prevalent types of frau din the UJF were found to he cheque, cash,
and identity frauds, The study again found the main causes of fraud in UIF are
ineffective internal controls, lack of strict supervision, income disparities and low
salaries of lower level employees. It also came to light on the study that there has not
been any significant change in fraud since the year 2000 after the formulation and
implementation of fraud prevention measures among the ways to reduce fraud as
suggested by the employees are salary review, constant supervision, intensive
investigations and awareness campaigns what is essential to effectively reduce the
level of fraud in the UIF is effective implementation of the preventive oriented
internal controls coupled with strict supervision.<br>Thesis (MBA) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2004
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Themeli, Aluwani Rufaroh. "Exploring the value of computer forensics in the investigation of procurement fraud." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22400.
Full textAbstract:
The research problem for this study was that forensic investigators in the Forensic Services (FS) of the City of Tshwane (CoT) are unable to successfully deal with procurement fraud as a result of the lack of knowledge, skills and resources required to conduct computer forensics during the investigation of procurement fraud. This research was conducted to ascertain the value of computer forensics in the investigation of procurement fraud. Further, the study sought to determine how to improve the CoT forensic investigators’ knowledge and competence regarding the application of computer forensics in the investigation of procurement fraud.
The purpose of this study was to explore the procedures that should be followed by CoT forensic investigators when conducting computer forensics during the investigation of procurement fraud. The research also aimed to discover new information, not previously known to the researcher, related to computer forensics during the investigation of procurement fraud by exploring national and international literature. In addition, the study explored existing practices so as to use this information to improve the current CoT procedure, within the confines of the legislative requirements.
The overall purpose of this study is to provide practical recommendations for best practices, based on the results of the data analysis, which address the problem and enhance the investigative skills of CoT forensic investigators. The study established that it is imperative and compulsory to apply computer forensics in any procurement fraud investigation in order to efficiently track down cyber criminals and solve complicated and complex computer crimes. It was also established that forensic investigators within the FS in the CoT lack the necessary computer skills to optimally investigate procurement fraud. It is therefore recommended that CoT forensic investigators acquire the necessary skills and essential training in computer forensics in order to improve their knowledge and competence regarding the application and understanding of the value of computer forensics in the investigation of procurement fraud.<br>School of Criminal Justice<br>M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
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"The doctrine of unconscionability as an independent exception to the doctrine of independence in documentary credit practice." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14037.
Full textAbstract:
LL.M. (Banking Law)<br>It has long been the vogue that the traditional fraud exception is the only exception capable of defeating the doctrine of independence in documentary-credit and performance-guarantee practice. The reason for this is self-explanatory, for it has been stated authoritatively that fraud unravels all. And on construction, this must be the correct legal position. Even then however, the fraud exception is not in itself unassailable. Given the nature and exigency of the contractual relationships peculiar to documentary credits and performance guarantees, it is indubitable for their success that these unique contractual relationships be independent of one another. The latter argument is well established in the law and practice of many jurisdictions. Commercial comity, aspirations, expediency, fair trading and a measure of certainty, inter alia, dictate the necessity for the sanctity and preservation of the doctrine of independence. Without such certainty, international commercial enterprise and entrepreneurship will be the victims. Nevertheless, it would still be fair to state that there is a broad consensus within various jurisdictions regarding the application of a fraud exception to the doctrine of independence, which simply cannot be said for an exception based on unconscionability. There are cogent reasons for this disparity, some in favour of and some against an unconscionability exception. The question which begs an answer is whether the recognition of such an exception would erode the certainty and cash characteristics, inherent and integral to documentary credit and performance guarantee practice. These instruments were, after all, designed and predicated upon tenets of certainty and considered as immediately redeemable cash. Ultimately, this debate involves a choice between embracing commercial certainty on the one hand, and fairness on the other hand. In South Africa however, unconscionability does not exist as a specific concept of law with wide and uncertain parameters. But, the concept of good faith, equally confusing, awkwardly finds its place in the South African general law of contract, but in an informative capacity to the substantive requirements of the law, and not as an independent general defence. A defence in the general law of contract in South Africa, premised on the lack of good faith is bad in law, given the established brocards such as inter alia, caveat subscriptor, caveat emptor, pacta sunt servanda, 5 and the contra proferentem rule. South African legal heritage and precedent have jettisoned the exceptio doli generalis, and this precedent is peculiarly protected by the judiciary at the highest level. Good faith, in the South African context, is not the equivalent of the so called doctrine of unconscionability analysed and discussed in the academic literature and court decisions of certain common-law jurisdictions, but the exceptio doli generalis may have been, or rather, if properly developed, could have been. And so, from a South African perspective, there is the added difficulty of considering the introduction of a foreign broad-based, uncertain and undefinable doctrine grounded in equity, when the narrowly defined concept of good faith, only informative of the substantive law, finds no general application in the law of contract in South Africa. Regard will thus be had to inter alia: the nature, scope and elements (facta probanda) of this exception; certain arguments for and against its recognition; its inability to be defined with the necessary precision required for legal efficacy and practice; its lack of certainty being in essence descriptive of a host of other conduct short of fraud and inclusive of fraud; and whether the case for its recognition might perhaps have merit and applicability in relation to performance guarantees, separate and distinct from documentary credits.
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Venter, Jan Willem Nicolaas. "The exploration of appraising internal controls to detect procurement fraud during the tender stage at mines." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22603.
Full textAbstract:
Text in English<br>Procurement fraud is an enormous problem and the South African news is perforated with reports of this illicit act.
Procurement fraud occurs in all the phases of the procurement cycle, but this illicit act is mostly committed during the tender phase. Business does not see procurement fraud as a crime and therefor this crime is committed due to non-existent internal controls and processes to assess the adequacy of these controls. The purpose of the research was to highlight that procurement fraud occurs when internal controls are being bypassed or if an entity has an ineffective internal control system. The researcher studied the appraising of internal controls to understand the role it plays in detecting, preventing and investigating procurement fraud, specifically during the tender phase. The research design utilised was a qualitative research approach and an empirical design plan or strategy, to obtain the information. The researcher opted for this design to obtain information from literature and information from individuals in appraising internal controls. This ensured a comprehensive data gathering process.
The goal of this research was to provide practical recommendations to assist investigators in private and public sectors with investigations into procurement fraud during a tender.<br>Police Practice<br>M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)