Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Afrique centrale – 1960-'
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Kokidé, Jean. "Evolution économique et sociale de l'Afrique centrale entre les deux guerres : étude comparée du Moyen-Congo et de l'Oubangui-Chari, 1928-1938." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10003.
Full textBeumeu, Emmanuel. "Systèmes financiers et développement : mobilisation des ressources dans les pays de la zone franc (cas des pays B.E.A.C.)." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUEL302.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to detect the role played by the financial systems in the economic development. Just after the independencies, the whole French-speaking countries of Black Africa were concerned by the mobilization of the resources which had to allow them to finance the economic activities. The creation or the transformation of a certain number of financial institutions were previoused for this way. More than thirty years after, the social and economic situation (stagnant growth, decrease of the tax revenues, political disorder and the virtually bankruptcy of banking sectors) suppose a profund failure of the strategies which were set up. The reform of the financial circulations seems to be one of the substancial features of the depression which affects the countries of the B. E. A. C. Zone, as well as the process of transformation of the economic scene which has been settled by these countries. The process aims at increasing the domestic resources and above all at improving the efficiency of investments. In this context, we have considered important to adopt a global vision which go beyond the scope of the financial system. This vision consists in analysing the environment in which the financial middlemen interfere. Indeed, the financial reforms must be included in a global process. We principally contributed to prove that the absence of industrialization of these countries was not necessarily linked to a lack of funds, as we usually think, but more to a inadequate management, based upon the principle of « the government by the privileged people », that we can find within economic sectors and administrations. So, we have drawn up some measures, without claiming that we found the miracle solution that would get these countries out of depression
Aubry-Memoli, Crescence. "Les relations monétaires entre la France et ses territoires d'Afrique centrale (1929-1960) : enjeux et intérêts des acteurs publics et privés." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010586.
Full textBennafla, Karine. "La restructuration des espaces frontaliers en afrique centrale." Strasbourg 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR1GE01.
Full textFouchier, Capucine de. "Évaluation d'un protocole psychothérapeutique associant la psychoéducation, la relaxation et l'EMDR dans la prise en charge des réfugiés victimes de torture d'Afrique centrale et de l'Ouest." Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/182058379#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThe aims of this research are to provide information on the psychopathological specificities of refugees torture survivors from Central and West Africa and to assess the therapeutic efficiency of a 10 session protocol associating psychoeducation, relaxation technique and EMDR while comparing its effect when applied in weekly or intensive treatment modality. To achieve these goals, 52 participants were allocated in three treatment conditions: “EMDR”, “Stabilization” and “Intent to treat with medication” and were assessed at the beginning, at the end and 4,5 months after the end of psychotherapy. Our results show that Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is the most frequent pathology and that accommodation and the asylum claim situation in the host country are the social variables with the most influencing impact on psychopathology. The “EMDR” protocol shows a large and superior therapeutic efficiency in comparison with the control groups for all the variables that were considered pathological during the initial assessment (ηp2 entre. 41 et. 96). Also, the intensive treatment modality increases the therapeutic efficiency for PTSD, depression, anxiety and functioning (ηp2 entre. 87 et. 93). In conclusion, this research shows this importance to ask patients about their social and migration situation in the host country and demonstrates that associating EMDR with psychoeducation and relaxation techniques is a relevant and efficient psychotherapeutic protocol in the psychological rehabilitation of this population, especially when it is applied in a intensive way
Alpha, Barry Mamadou. "Demande de monnaie et optimalité de la politique monétaire de la banque centrale des États d'Afrique de l'Ouest (1960-1990)." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010019.
Full textThe objective of this Ph. D. Dissertation is to determine, wether there exists a stable money demand function and, the impact of monetary policies of the central bank "bceao" on macroeconomic variables, namely, economic activity, price level, nets foreign assets, in order to define an optimal monetary policy of the central bank. To achieve this objective, an econometric investigation is made, using economic datas for the period 1960-1990. The dissertation is organised in two sections: section 1 reviews the theories of money demand and monetary policy and, section 2 is the empirical evidence of testing for equilibrium relationship between monetary aggregates and economic aggregates. The empirical results indicate : the validity of the quantity theory of money except for the ivory-coast and the benin, the non significance of the exchange rate. The interest rate plays a role, only, for Burkina Faso and the Ivory Coast. The money demand is stable for Benin, Mali, Niger; instable for Senegal and, the results are mixte for Burkina, Ivory Coast and Togo. The inflation has a negative impact on economic growth and, finally, the domestic credits have an negative effect on nets foreign assets which are more correlated to the external shocks (i. E. The price level of commodities)
Onana, Mfege André Hubert. "La frontière, enjeu stratégique entre le Cameroun et ses voisins de 1960 à nos jours." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30024.
Full textRoulet, Pierre-Armand. ""Chasseur blanc, coeur noir" ? La chasse sportive en Afrique Centrale : une analyse de son rôle dans la conservation de la faune sauvage et le développement rural au travers des programmes de gestion de la chasse communautaire." Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE1053.
Full textThe interdisciplinary thesis analyses the role of sport hunting in the programmes of participative management of wildlife in Central Africa, more particularly on two pilot sites (northern Central African Republic and south-east Cameroon). Over the course of the 20th century, sport hunting evolved greatly through the joint processes of "democratisation", professionalisation and internationalisation of its protagonists. These days, safari operators can play a major role in conservation, notably owing to their spatial control of sizeable cynegetic zones, globally sustainable harvesting and a sound capacity to look after and defend the natural environment. This statement can, however, only be fully appreciated when the activity of safari operators plays a part in programmes linking the state, specific projects and the local population. The analysis of the techniques, ideology and discourse of safari guides and those of their clients reveals the antinomy of their ideas of safari as well as the onset of a nostalgia for colonial hunting. We note also the surprising fact that the "great white hunters" often fit better into the rural socio-cultural context than do other non-indigenous protagonists. Finally, if the economic argument presenting sport hunting as a signifiant tool in programmes of participative management of wildlife remains valid, it is nevertheless essential not to overlook the conceptual and technical limits of the proposed models, as well as the very real stakes lying behind the appropriation of the land and resources
Ebondza, Fidele William. "La politique soviétique en Afrique centrale : 1960-1992 : contibution à l'étude de l'action extérieure des grands puissances." Lyon 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO33036.
Full textBaloula, Jean-Jacques. "Evolution des relations économiques et commerciales de l’Afrique centrale : de l'A.E.F. à l'U.D.E.a.c." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100090.
Full textAfter twenty years of independence, time is passed to strike the balance. Thus, before and after independencies, the undeveloped countries never finished face too much difficulties often owed by the delay of their integration in the developed world. Since share Africa between great powers, the colonial politic and the creation of few structures which basics carried an interdependence between developed and undeveloped nations, with creation of different international organizations whom juridical rule of elaboration are loan mechanism of developed nations, this this thesis from all difficulties explore the conditions of live of one international institution which is U. D. E. A. C. . Indeed, it shows in the beginning of the A. E. F. Structures to U. D. E. A. C. Formation's mechanism by way of U. D. E. From there, working and objectives’ union. This thesis also shows, from juridical text of its existence which is the U. D. E. A. C. Treaty, difficulties which is knew by members’ states from concrete realities and each difference, to apply this treaty. As well, we are in front of series of problems that difficulties as everywhere are politic or institutional
Metougue, Nang Prosper. "Entrepreneuriat et croissance économique en Afrique : état des lieux et perspectives de l'entrepreneuriat au Gabon." Littoral, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DUNK0123.
Full textFurther to the failure of what we call "the model of Growth of the first generation", focused on exports of raw materials and supported by foreign financement, the emergence of real market economy can today be considered as one of the possible was to escape the financial crisis of African countries, as Gabon however, economic efficiency, according to the liberal approach, relies on some particular laws. The market is the reference. Competition drives the economic equilibrium, as sumurized in the "laissez-faire" liberal credo. To reach this aim, the improvement of the economic context is the first step which means the state seems then determinin in the countrie where basic needs are not satisfied the state has to define new regulations, implying an assessment, in order to boost a large scale
Mazido, Abel. "Le régime monétaire du compte d'opérations et le degré de liberté économique des États de la B. E. A. C. : Banque des États de l'Afrique centrale." Toulouse 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU10021.
Full textModern money is immaterial. It is put into circulation without any counterpart from a bank credit, whatever the economic system considered. Its aim is to favour the production of national wealth. The traditional agricultural sector and the informal sector are excluded from the national monetary and financial circuit. Thus they cannot serve as a basis for the accumulation of capital because money is not integrated into these two sectors. Unable to act efficiently neither on monetary policy, nor on budget policy because of the working regulations of the operation account, the states of the B. E. A. C. Resort to the foreign sector's savings by proposing attractive advantages
Ngolo, Diramba Nadège Tatiana. "Les regroupements régionaux en Afrique, une voie pour l'intégration africaine ? : étude comparée des zones de l'Afrique Centrale et de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (1960-1994)." Lille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL30006.
Full textAlthough the history of Africa shows its old desire guest to integrate politically and economically in this part of the world, despite we noticed the importance of this integration during the first years of African countries independences, unfortunately with national fragmented markets. I view of this situation and anxious to observe a rapid economic development, African leaders recognized very early to immediatly build economic links between African countries based on founded on regional solidarity. Central and Western African states were also hit by this process. Many attemps of regional organization were initiated in these two areas even if they did not succeed as expected. However in 1994 we witness a crucial turning point in the building of an economic organization by region concerning the areas of Central and Western Africa, because it shows a record generation of regionalism. The regional integration is an advantage for the development of these two African regions because it is an essential condition for its admission to the global economy, with better chance to succeed, and because today regional integration and globalisation are indissociable [sic]
Bat, Jean-Pierre. "La décolonisation de l'AEF selon Foccart : entre stratégies politiques et tactiques sécuritaires (1956-1969)." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010680.
Full textMavoungou, Jean-François. "La Diplomatie congolaise : 1960 - 1986." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010257.
Full textThis work gives an outline of the organization and functionning of congolese diplomacy. It assesses the respective influences of each of the instruments which make up the congo's foreign affairs, explains the country's stakes on the international scene evaluating their implementation in foreign affairs, and highlights the main diplomatic difficulties. Certain actors, according to their nature and importance, participate more than others in the foreign affairs of the congo. Consequently, some of these elements are more influential than others, and on the whole a hierarchy exists between them in the foreign affairs of the stae. The diplomatic action is therefore a curious mixture of powerlessness, shrewdness, tactics, dogmatism ans soletimes just pure common sense. Viewed globally, the objectives and therefore the principles of action followed by the congo have never seen an adequate and effective application. A renewal of the modes of functionning and organization of the instruments and a political will implementing strategies (for instance with population in bilateral affairs, according to their usefulness and primacy) would certainly render congolese diplomacy more efficient, reliable and profitable
Chauvin, Emmanuel. "Violences en Centrafrique : pouvoirs de déplacer, manières de migrer : centreafricains déplacés et réfugiés (Cameroun, Tchad)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010623.
Full textSince 1996, armed conflicts, organized crime (road bandits) and raids have forced hundreds of thousands of Central African Republic people to migrate within their own country (IDPs) or to bordering countries (refugee in Cameroon and Chad). Through various geographical schools (political, development, mobility), this work demonstrate that forced migrations results from both the practices of migrants and the political choices or the supervisory organizations (states, armed groups, humanitarian organizations). It is based on a transversal approach of forced migration (ranging from the starting point of the migrant up to his possible return) and multi-located field surveys (CAR, Cameroon, Chad). The first part shows that violence is not caused by the weakness of the CAR state, but by the policies of its leaders. The populations are targeted in the course or irregular conflicts aimed at controlling the political machinery and by armed groups plundering ressources (livestock, crops, public infrastructure, diamonds). The second part shows that if insecurities influence the extent, the spatial distribution and the duration of exiles, migrants direct their paths according to their regular circulations. They use various fields of mobility to escape violence (agricultural and pastoral mobility, urban-rural relationship). A third part put sinto perspective the role of humanitarian aid and asylum policies in the production of the migratory space (refugee, camps, dispersion of migrants)
Ramondy, Karine. "1958-1961 : l'assassinat des leaders africains, un "moment" de construction nationale et de régulation des relations internationales (étude comparée en Afrique centrale)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H006.
Full textThrough a close examination of the trajectory of four African leaders, Barthélémy Boganda (Republic of Central Africa), Patrice Lumumba (Republic of Congo), Félix Moumié et Ruben Um Nyobé (Cameroun), during the independence era, and by means of the historical anthropology, the comparative method and focusing on Central Africa, this study tries to explore to what extent political assassination could constitute a way of regulating international relationships and lay the foundations of the national construction of their country of origins. Along their political career path, their UN-related and Pan–Africanism disillusionment that tightens around them the lethal noose of a Realpolitik caught between bipolarization and neo-colonialism will be referred to. The other hypothesis developed here is as followed : it could be possible through comparative history to bring out invariance within political assassination under the forms of recurrent processes such as the judiciary weapon, the media weapon, the lack of a decent burial place and the damnatio memoriae they’ve been sentenced to which all contrastingly led to a symbolic and iconic reversal. The study relies on numerous sources that complete each other in order to reconstitute the chain of events and allow new interpretations: private exclusive archives, public archives, some of which having been declassified for this purpose, audio-visual and printed sources, exclusive oral narratives collected by the author
Omeonga-Onakudu, Jean. "Contribution à l'étude de la géopolitique du Zaïre dans sa diplomatie en Afrique centrale de 1965 à 1989 sous le parti-Etat." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA01A004.
Full textOyono, Jean Bosco. "La gestion et la résolution des conflits en Afrique centrale : sortir des crises et reconstruire la paix : le cas de la République démocratique du Congo." Lyon 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO31079.
Full textOur work falls into two parts. The first part introduces the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC); it essentially shows the different crises and wars undergone by this country since its independence in 1960. According to a report sent by a group of UNO experts to UN Security Council on December 8,2008, the country is rich with innumerable natural resources such as diamond, cobalt, copper, oil , etc ); moreover, it contains more than 15% of the world hydraulic potential, i. E. , 50% of the hydraulic potential of the whole African continent. Unfortunately, the Congolese have never had any control over these riches which have never served the financial interests of the Natives because of the dictatorial Regimes that have governed the country since its independence. The case of the Democratic Republic of Congo is an illustration of the contrast between a potentially rich country and a poor people. The second part suggests solutions to help put an end to crises and the circle of violence. So, we have defined three main models of political Regimes: the federal type, the Presidential and Parliamentary types which should be sustained by a democratic system equivalent to the model of Western. Naturally, we have underlined both the advantages and disadvantages of each system as far as The Democratic Republic of Congo is concerned. We have also examined the hypothesis of a possible partition of the DRC on the model of pre-colonial African Monarchies, and this in accordance with the geomorphologic aspect of the later armed conflict. Finally, we have suggested an endogenous Democracy of African type
Ndoumbaye, André. "Les institutions internationales de cooperation et leur contribution au developpement des etats membres depuis les independances de 1960 a 1990." Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA122003.
Full textDuring the 19th central, the african states we know now were territories dominated by european countries. To become politically sovereign independent states must ensure their own economic and social development. However, beling weak because ofg their too important or too small territorial dimensions on one hand, because of their limited resources on the other hanb, they have no other alternative but interstate cooperation through common institutions. So, we can see, in central africa : - the attempts to create the central africa republics union in 1960 - the creation of the custom and econolic union in central africa in 1964 - the creation of the central africa states union in 1968 - the creation of the economic community of the great lakes countries in 1976 - the creation of the economic community of the central africa states in 1983 after deduction of the important number of the international institutions situated in the aera of central africa, the question wich comes to one's mind is to know the assment of the concreate realizations necessary to the economic and social development of the states members. In other words, what is the level of economic development those states are today upstart through common institutions ?
Anafak, Lemofak Antoine Japhet. "La Belgique et l'Afrique centrale, diversification ou néocolonialisme? dynamique de la politique de coopération belge au Cameroun et dans ses anciennes colonies, 1960-1990." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210145.
Full textCette thèse insiste sur les éléments de mise en place et les fondements de la politique étrangère de la Belgique en Afrique centrale. Elle analyse sa présence depuis la colonisation du Congo, du Ruanda-Urundi et développe le processus de mutation de la Belgique dans la sous-région à la faveur des indépendances. Cette accession à la souveraineté des territoires leur attribuait le statut d’acteur de la communauté internationale. L’adaptation de la Belgique à cette nouvelle donne l’oblige à étendre son espace de captation d’intérêts par l’établissement des relations diplomatiques avec de nombreux pays de la région parmi lesquels le Cameroun. Le choix du Cameroun comme pays d'appui à la politique belge dans la région en dehors de ses colonies est le fait de nombreuses justifications que cette thèse démontre.
Ce travail insiste sur les rapports politiques entre le Cameroun et la Belgique notamment les éléments expliquant la coopération diplomatique et politique entre le Cameroun et la Belgique. Celle-ci était basée sur un soutien mutuel dans la lutte contre les mouvements rebelles procommunistes au Cameroun et au Congo dans les années 60. Cet ouvrage développe l'organisation de l’action conjointe de la Belgique et du Cameroun dans la lutte contre le communisme en Afrique centrale principalement au Congo en période de guerre froide, les éléments prouvant le soutien de la Belgique au Cameroun dans sa lutte contre les activistes nationalistes de l’UPC et réciproquement, les actions montrant la collaboration et la compréhension du Cameroun envers la Belgique dans la gestion des conflits d’après indépendance au Congo, au Rwanda et au Burundi.
De plus, cette thèse évoque la dynamique de la politique étrangère de la Belgique à partir de 1965 dans la région. Dans cette section marquée par l’arrivée de Mobutu au pouvoir et le coup d’Etat de Micombero au Burundi, ce travail détaille les éléments qui justifient le renforcement des relations politiques entre le Cameroun et la Belgique après 1965 par l’analyse du contexte national et international de mise en place de cette politique après 1967. Un contexte marqué par la réélection d’Ahmadou Ahidjo et le renforcement de son pouvoir et le départ du socialiste Paul-Henri Spaak, remplacé par le démocrate-chrétien Pierre Harmel. Ce dernier instaure une nouvelle politique dite de diversification et de distanciation envers le régime de Mobutu. Le constat est que cette diversification a profité au Cameroun, devenu progressivement un partenaire privilégié de la Belgique dans la région après la visite officielle d’Ahidjo de 1967 à Bruxelles.
Ce travail analyse les rapports qu’entretenaient la Belgique et le Cameroun dans les organisations internationales en rapport avec la situation interne de son pré-carré d’Afrique centrale, notamment les circonstances du soutien de la candidature du Zaïre à l’entrée dans l’Union Douanière et Economique d’Afrique Centrale (UDEAC) et plus tard dans la création de l’Union Economique d’Afrique Centrale (UEAC) en 1969. Le soutien mutuel des candidatures belges et camerounaises dans les instances internationales à partir des années septante, les incidences de l’entrée du Royaume-Uni de Grande Bretagne et l’Irlande du Nord au sein de la Communauté Economique Européenne (la convention de Lomé I) sur la politique étrangère belge menée par Renaat Van Elslande, les implications de la zaïrianisation sur les relations belgo-zaïroises, l’arrivée au pouvoir de Juvénal Habyarimana au Rwanda et la renégociation des accords d’indépendance entre le Cameroun et la France. La Belgique et ces pays souhaitaient une approche plus consensuelle des grandes questions internationales, notamment le nouvel ordre économique international, le conflit du proche orient, la question de la décolonisation des territoires portugais d’Afrique centrale, la généralisation des conflits armés et des assassinats politiques.
La présence militaire belge en Afrique centrale est un fait colonial. Un rappel nécessaire de cette présence militaire depuis la période coloniale nous a permis de nous interroger sur la gestion difficile du devenir de ces soldats après les indépendances du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi, notamment pendant la crise Katangaise. Ces difficultés rencontrées au Congo poussent la Belgique à trouver des dérivatifs pour se désengager militairement au Ruanda-Urundi après l’indépendance en 1962. La visite officielle de juin 1967 d’Ahmadou Ahidjo en Belgique marque le début d’une intense coopération militaire entre la Belgique et le Cameroun. Les deux pays coopèrent pour la livraison du matériel de guerre par la Fabrique d’Herstal à Liège, et dans la formation les officiers camerounais en Belgique. Plusieurs facteurs justifiant cette coopération avec le Cameroun sont énumérés dans cette thèse. De plus, ce travail retrace l’implication de la Belgique dans les guerres du Shaba et ses initiatives en faveur d’une paix globale dans la région autour les années 80.
Le troisième grand axe de cette thèse développe la présence de la Belgique en Afrique centrale dans le cadre de la Communauté Economique Européenne. Après avoir expliqué l'historique et l'évolution du FED, nous avons exploré le poids de la présence belge au sein du Fond Européen de Développement par rapport à la France et les autres Etats de la CEE pour constater sa faiblesse dans cette institution contrôlée par la France l’Allemagne. Ce qui justifie son choix de renforcer la coopération bilatérale dans la région. Enfin, ce thèse insiste sur ces relations économiques bilatérales de la Belgique en Afrique centrale, principalement au Cameroun en comparaison avec les anciennes colonies pour voir l'influence de la Belgique au Cameroun, au Congo, au Rwanda et au Burundi depuis les indépendances jusqu'aux années nonante.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bounda, Sosthène. "Le Comité international de la Croix-Rouge en Afrique centrale à la fin du XXe siècle : cas du Cameroun, du Congo Brazzaville, du Congo Kinshasa et du Gabon de 1960 à 1999." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30053/document.
Full textThe International Committee of the Red Cross ICRC abstract is a humanitarian organization founded in 1863 by the Committee of five Swiss citizens: Moynier, Henry Dunant, Guillaume Dufour, Louis Appia, ThéodoreMaunoir. Creates the basis for the relief and assistance to victims of war, an initiative of Henry Dunant from a memory of the War of Solferino, the ICRC will extend its scope after the Geneva Convention of 1949. In Indeed, the ICRC is the NGO most represented in the world and it is appropriate that it was price-Nobel Peace Prize in 1901 awarded to Henri Dunant, in 1917, 1944, 1963 for his effort during the different conflicts, but also the Balzan Prize for humanity, peace and brotherhood among peoples in 1996. It was established gradually in all continents after the Second World War. Before that, she was a mostly European NGOs. In Central Africa, the delegation of the International Red Cross is based in Yaounde, Cameroon and includes the Central African countries such as Congo, DR Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and Sao Tome. In these countries the work of the ICRC varies Humanitarian needs of each other. The more a country is at war, most of the ICRC's intervention is important. This procedure is done in accordance with the rules established in the various Geneva Conventions, the Hague and many others. Of these conferences was born on international humanitarian law that codifies the ICRC's work in the field, especially in time of war, but also those of other NGOs, including UN entities. International law is respect for human rights and the environment in times of armed conflict. Thus the ICRC's work in Central Africa was greater in Democratic Republic of Congo and Gabon, which remained without military conflicts since 1960, starting date of our chronological terminal. The countries that are the subject of our study experienced various vicissitudes: Bakassi war for Cameroon, the civil war in Congo Brazzaville and war multifaceted ending in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The intervention of the ICRC in time of peace is often left to National Societies must train rescuers dissemination of international humanitarian law, including their daily activities to beg governments in their health missions, hygiene. Even the ICRC mission in peacetime is damage limitation in time of war
Ditengou, Rockaya. "Politique, médias et développement : l'usage des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) dans le cas du Gabon en Afrique centrale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD030/document.
Full textGabon, a country of central Africa, has a population of about 1 500 000 inhabitants. TheGabonese economy relies mainly on its natural resources. Since the begining of 1990, this countryhas chosen a development plan, aiming at the diversification of its economic sectors. It is in thisperspective that the country pays a particular attention to ICT (Information and CommunicationTechnology) and to its intergration in the process of development. However, ICT poses a triplechallenge: that of know-how; social skills; and that of the preservation of the general interest. Asin the other french-speaking countries, Gabonese leaders have understood the strategic importanceof ICT in the future of Gabon. The fact remains that the use and appropriation of ICT can bebeneficial, if they are mastered and guided by a farsighted public policy,which is a greatopportunity for social cohesion and intergration. On the other hand, when this fails, it can bringabout additional inequalities. As a matter of fact, if the environment defined by ICT is that ofaccelerating change and structural performance, the difficulties are significant when it comes tothe adaptation and the appropriation of these tools by many people. This research is interested inthe conditions of a real social cohesion which would be fostered by ICT. This requires a politicalcontext which favours access to Information Technology in the largest sense. We are thereforefocusing our attention on the political structures
Soh, Syrie Galex. "Performance du système bancaire de la zone CEMAC : Efficacité interne des firmes et impact sur le bien-être par l'exemple de la microfinance au Cameroun." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR1005/document.
Full textThe objective of this work is to evaluate the performance of the banking system of CEMAC countries from 1993 to 2008. We capture the internal performance of the bank through the technical efficiency of banking firms. We measure this, using non-parametric approaches of production frontier models, while considering credit as the output of the banking industry. Using the MALMQUIST decomposition index, we observe that banks in the zone have quite different scores, even if globally they have a better scale efficiency. The analysis of the externalities of financial services is limited to Cameroon only. We evaluate this through the impact of micro-credits on the standard of living of the beneficiary households within the framework of monetary poverty and multi-dimensional poverty reduction. The results show that the change in households’ incomes is determined by what the loans are used for and by environmental factors
Moulengui, Stéphane. "La construction et l'évolution du système bancaire en Afrique centrale, des années 1950 aux années 1980." Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30074.
Full textThe origin of the African banks at the beginning is incontestably related to the progressive rise of the relations between the European countries and their colonies. From this rise was born from strong trade which encourages finally the metropolises to supply their monetary in cash colonies. To concretize that, of the institutions common to several territories, like the banks of issue deprived in free zone are created. The aim of all these banks is obviously to ensure the emission of the legal tender, and to grant the appropriations necessary in order to support the health of the trade of draft or the development of the territories. It is necessary to await the years 1940 and post-independence, for finally attending a generalized offensive of the bankers who intensify their establishment more. From now on, overseas, becomes a surface of sharp competition where each bank seeks to benefit from this market in full growth. The accession of the countries of central Africa to independence works a new banking reinforcement which implies the Africans in the management and the participation of the banks. Independences devote in central Africa, the birth of a new banking reinforcement: the creation of establishments of local right. The trade of the bank such as it is practised in Africa, does not move away from the Western practice. But the risks large and are accentuated by the lack of competences as regards banking management. The banking structure of central Africa undergoes a crisis at the beginning of the years 1980. Fruit of the conjunction of several bad parameters, it is the result of an exaggerated accumulation of errors of management. The great innovation brought for redynamiser this sector is incontestably, the installation of a body of monitoring independent, charged to ensure the supervision of the banking structure. It is about the banking Commission of central Africa (COBAC)
Taty, Jean-Jacques. "La non émergence d'une production audiovisuelle autonome en Afrique centrale (cinéma et télévision)." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010578.
Full textLevrat, Régine. "Le coton en Afrique occidentale et centrale avant 1950 : un exemple de la politique coloniale de la France /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41402209f.
Full textBibliogr. p. 459-481.
Ndjock, Jean Aimé. "Élections politiques et démocratisation en Afrique subsaharienne : le cas des États de l'Afrique centrale." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10016.
Full textSince the nineties, democratic elections are brought up to date in Africa. The electoral law of occidental origin still suffers from many imperfections resulting from the locking of electoral processes by their organizers w are also titulars of official authorithy functions in the governments. Only a sound democratic culture will allow the restoration of the african elector in his fundamental political rights
Sougui, Adoum. "Le Tchad et ses voisins : bilan, problèmes et perspectives d'une coopération régionale (1964-1994)." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070091.
Full textPilkington, Hugo. "Les lieux du paludisme : approche géographique des facteurs de confusion dans une enquête d'épidémiologie du paludisme (Dienga, Gabon)." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010713.
Full textItoumba, Olive Pulchérie. "Le processus de démocratisation en Afrique centrale de 1990 à nos jours : cas du Cameroun et du Gabon." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0004.
Full textArzel, Lancelot. "Des "conquistadors" en Afrique centrale : espaces naturels, chasses et guerres coloniales dans l'Etat indépendant du Congo (années 1880 - années 1900)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0033.
Full textCentral Africa has been characterized by a very long thirty years war from the 1880s to the 1900s as the Congo Free State, the private property of the King of the Belgians Leopold II, was built up in the region. This thesis aims at analysing armed violence and conflicts occurring in the Congo area at the end of the 19th Century and studying war experiences of European soldiers involved in the colonial conquest – also named “conquistadors”. This research is based on a various sources such as private archives (letters, memoirs, notebooks), state archives (commission of inquiry) and iconographic material (drawings, photographs), embracing a large social history of those soldiers from their departure to the Congo to their return in Europe. The analysis of their representations and practices during the colonial conquest period reveals one key element, i.e. the importance of their relationship to nature and wildlife. As fierce hunters they define the natural world and populations as many examples of savagery that need to be domesticated and controlled. Thus this research showcases the strong links established by those men between hunting and war of conquest. Those European soldiers think of themselves as powerful chiefs, well armed and helped by a mighty colonial army, the Force Publique. They have developed hunting gestures and practices that helped them to submit indigenous peoples and impose forced labour. This thesis especially argues that such hunting model is very significant in the rubber wars that were led by the Congo Free State and private companies; it also shows the importance of trophies in colonial war experiences. The links between hunting and war are finally well-exemplified back in Europe when those soldiers displayed African items and animal trophies
Ngolet, François. "La dispersion ongom en afrique centrale : approche historique et anthropologique (des origines a 1930) (co-dirige par m. g. cholvy)." Montpellier 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON30011.
Full textThe ultimate goal of this dissertation is to attempt an aswer to the following question : why are the ongom so curiously soattered in small settlements over such a large area of central africa ? in their native southwest congo the ongom developed a culture which leads them to showly disperse over a vast expanse of central africa. This first migration was, therefore, the result of an extension of the pre-migratory culture. In their new situation they would then start engaging actively in the 19th century slave trade. The fang, leaving their northen territories, would came and disturb their southem settlements and force them to soatter over a woder area. This second wave of migration is the result of an economic conflict over the control of strategic tracts of land. Once again dispersed, the ongom were to suffer another series of restraints at the hands of colonial administration. During their resistance movements, the ongom obliged the french colonists to adopt a policy of repression which resulted in their regrouping along waterways and trails. This third movement was triggered by a political decision. Thus, the ongom established permanent residence in the territories where we find them today. In sumary, the analysis of the precolonial cultural expansion, the economic conflicts of the slave trade era and, finally, of a political decision attempt to bring a provisional answer to the central question of the dissertation
Yemene, Tchouata Emerand. "La régulation de l'activité bancaire : contribution à l'étude de la stabilité du système bancaire dans les régions de la CEMAC, de l'UEMOA et de l'UE." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020023.
Full textBanking regulation should be seen as the act of monitoring and controling banking, by subjecting the compliance with various standards to control risks to preserve the security of depositors , the stability of the financial system and major economic balances. To achieve this, the banking regulation is based mainly on regulation and supervision. Domestic banking systems have become increasingly interdependent, it is necessary to deal with threats in the same way , in a coordinated manner at the international level or at least at the regional level . Thus CEMAC and UEMOA have adopted in the aftermath of the 1990 crisis a control device marked by a plethora of regulations and community oversight bodies . Since the debt crisis in Europe, the regulation of banking has evolved in this region with the creation of the banking union . That said, the supervision of banks has been entrusted to the European Central Bank within the EU although it remains shared with the national authorities.In the course of this work, our task will be to compare the existing control devices in the CEMAC region , UEMOA , EU . We shall review and find how the regions of Central Africa, West Africa and Europe organize banking regulation in order to preserve the stability of their banks. To achieve this goal, a comparison of the various bodies responsible for the regulation and the main regulatory rules that exist in these regions are deemed necessary
Michaud, Maud. ""The church of god amidst the wilderness" : itinéraires missionnaires de la Church missionary Society en Afrique centrale et en Grande-Bretagne 1875 - 1900." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20074.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the Church Missionary Society’s mission to Buganda between 1875 and 1900. Buganda was the most powerful kingdom of the Great Lakes region during the last quarter of the 19th century. This study retraces what motivated an Anglican missionary society to send agents to this particular area, which had not been claimed or colonized by any European power at the time of their arrival. Between 1875 and 1900, the mission underwent several changes, which this thesis examines in the light of the missionaries’ letters, journals, drawings and photographs : the interactions between the missionaries and the natives they wished to convert (the kings of Buganda for instance) ; the success of the mission itself and its expansion, mainly through the dissemination of a Bible in luganda by Ganda catechists ; the arrival of rival Catholic missionaries in the capital of Buganda from 1879 onwards ; the arrival of the Imperial British East Africa Company and the creation of the Uganda Protectorate in 1894. This thesis analyses how those changes were dealt with by the missionaries in the field, but also how they were perceived and received by the CMS’s executive committees, the supporters of the mission and the general public in Britain. Studying the political, linguistic and scientific ramifications of the mission in the metropole helps us to understand the manifold impacts that missions had in the late-Victorian era. The way the missionary narrative of the Buganda mission was shaped by the editorial committee of the CMS is also analysed so as to shed light on the strategies at work in London to promote the missionary cause throughout Britain.The aim of this thesis is to take into account what happened in the field and in the metropole in the same frame of analysis, in order to reveal the connected and networked nature of the British missionary enterprise. The example of the Buganda mission will help us to understand how Victorian Evangelicals perceived the salvation and reform of society as a global project. Confronting the CMS sources with archives from a different type of missionary organization – in that case the London City Mission – enables the historian to reveal the ties that linked the home missionary project to the overseas missionary enterprise. This thesis shows that the perceived rivalries between both mission fields were in fact complemented by a strong belief in the connected nature of the missionary enterprise, in terms of staff and support, reprensentations, evangelizing strategies and promotion tools
Geronimi, Vincent. "Les économies pétrolières du golfe de Guinée face aux chocs : apports et limites des modèles du syndrome hollandais." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100066.
Full textThe theoretical definition of Dutch disease models (from Gregory 1976, corden and neary 1982) shows their neo-classical basis. This feature explains the emphasis put on relative prices adjustment in the apparition of Dutch disease, leading to the modification of the sectoral distribution of production at the expense of the traded sectors. This specific hypothesis can be tested on the field of guinea gulf oil exporting economies (Cameroon, Congo, Gabon and Nigeria). The important methodological difficulties encountered in the empirical translation of the theoretical representation (identification of traded and non-traded sectors, and also the measurement of relative prices) led to the critic of the weight granted to relative prices adjustment. Economic policies appear as fundamental in the definition of the aftermath of the oil boom, and it is necessary to complement the relative price approach by an analysis of the role economic policies play in the definition of oil rent impact
Gnangui, Judicaël. "Statut et dynamique du personnage de l'orphelin dans le roman francophone d'Afrique subsaharienne." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968888.
Full textLefebvre, Camille. "Territoires et frontières : du Soudan central à la République du Niger : 1800-1964." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010711.
Full textD’Amico, Frank. "Rôle de "Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Newstead 1910" dans la transmission des trypanosomes bovines en Afrique centrale : Le cas de la zone d'élevage d'Ouro-Djafoun (République centrafricaine)." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20214.
Full textHassane, Bouba. "Variabilité de la dynamique éolienne au sol (direction et vitesse du vent) et de ses conséquences (visibilité horizontale) au Sahel central et Sahara méridional entre 1950 et 2009 (exemple de quelques stations synoptiques au Niger)." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES012.
Full textRidha, Shili. "Milieux d'affaires et activité minière coloniale : les mécanismes de l'emprise des structures : (le cas de quelques mines du Centre-Ouest tunisien 1900-1956)." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA01A002.
Full textAgrour, Rachid. "Le mouvement hibiste et les tribus berbères de l'Anti-Atlas : une histoire de la périphérie (sud-ouest marocain) face au pouvoir central (1910-1934)." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010566.
Full textKabeya, Mudi Wa Mbuji. "La politique française en Afrique centrale de 1990 à nos jours." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7701.
Full textDonfack, Narcisse Gaetan Zebaze. "The suitability of the CISG and OHADA for small and medium-sized enterprises engaging in international trade in west and central Africa." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21020.
Full textPrivate Law
LL. M.
Dutton, Laura A. "Evaluating the criteria for successful elections in post-conflict countries : a case study including Iraq, Sierra Leone, and Bosnia and Herzegovina." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5281.
Full textPrevious research on post-conflict elections has found several criteria important in determining if an area is ready to hold elections and whether or not it is likely to succeed. Although rarely ranked in any determination of importance, several concepts are present in most post-conflict election research. Additionally, there is not an agreed set of standard criteria upon which success can be assumed. When researching the post-conflict election literature two questions arise: (1) is there a set of criteria established to determine if an area is ready to conduct post-conflict elections, and (2) do all criteria need to be present in order to ensure successful post-conflict elections? Most research agrees on common criteria but highlights or researches one dominant criterion, to which is then often attributed to the success of an election. This is found in Krishna Kumar’s focus on international assistance (Kumar, 1998), Staffan Lindberg’s attribution of success to repetition of the election process (Lindberg, 2006), Paul Collier’s focus on per capita income (Collier, 2009), and Marie-Soleil Frere’s research on post-conflict elections and the media (Frere, 2011). When reviewing multiple research sources, it is likely several factors at various times and in various elections will be credited with being the single source criterion for success. This kind of past research is well supported and conclusively argued, but still fails to provide a scope of understanding outside of a single event. In other words, it is case specific and not comparatively applicable across cases. Although this thesis does not intend to “McDonaldize” (Ritzer, 2009) the process of democratization, it does propose to define a common set of criteria necessary, even if in varying degrees, to conduct successful elections in post-conflict environments.