Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Afrique centrale'
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Ireh, Assim Thomas. "La TVA en Afrique centrale." Paris 1, 2010. http://docelec.u-bordeaux.fr/login?url=http://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/9782296991491.
Full textKouangou, Elie-Roger. "Les relations multilatérales en Afrique Centrale." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05D008.
Full textMlika, Cabanne Najoua. "Tuberculose et vih en afrique centrale." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA11T015.
Full textN'Kodia, Claude. "Modèle économique d'intégration en Afrique centrale." Paris 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA020132.
Full textThe present thesis aims at assessing the results of the economic integration of two regional customs unions in central africa, the custom and economic union of central african states (udeac) and the economic community of central african states (ceeac), in wake of major institutional changes (establishment in central africa of the cemac). Following an analysis of the concept and various merits of economic integration, the paper presents an assessment of the results. It is structured around the analysis of intra-union trade, the identification of various factors that hinder economic integration in central africa, and the determination of the respective accountabilities. Undertaken within a formal framework, economic integration has obviously not succeeded. This development can be observed in terms of estimed terms of trade for the udeac and ceeac, and it is evident in data for trade diversion effects. With a view to reform, the paper recommends a renovated approach in sector policy and institutional cooperation as well as a restructuring of udeac and ceeac foreign trade based on analysis of time-series data. The fast-expanding progress achieved in econometrics drawing on the theory of co-integration, allow to identify the determining factors that affect the foreign trade of member countries of the two customs unions. In this way the offer the analytical tools to assess and to forecast the progress in economic integration in central africa
Mbassi, Bedjoko. "Élections, alternances et stabilité en Afrique centrale : le droit électoral et les pratiques politiques." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010258.
Full textM'Bringa-Takama, Maxime-Faustin. "L'Est centrafricain : sous-peuplement et marginalité." Bordeaux 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR30050.
Full textThe easterne part of central africa, situated between latitude 4 and 11. 20 north and between 18. 30 and 27. 25 longitude east, covers an aera of about 308,000 square kilometres. In 1988, there were 237,321 inhabitant, that is 0. 7 inhabitant for km2. Such a reduced numbes of people does not enable the whole region to be populated. The demographic pressure, which is very low, is more a lass important deperding on the areas, thers, some areas are largely populated while large others are deserted, and also, movements of the population de peopling or repeopling from time according to the seasons or other factors. The region is characterized by an external and internal isolation because is situated out of the economic net work and f ar away from the roads that are suitable for motor vehicules. The embryonic network of roads is so ruined that it is difficult to go from on place to another even within the region, people mustly go on foot or use bicycles or motocycles, and some very rare, cars. The result of the difficulties in transportation and communication is that the region is very inward-looking. Under such circonstances poverty forces the people to procude what they need for themselves, the result being
Eyada, Ayissi Théophile. "Gestion des opérations de privatisation et performance des entreprises privatisées: cas de la communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211108.
Full textBakam, Victor. "Les fluctuations pluviométriques en Afrique centrale : étude régionale." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL12037.
Full textThe problems about research in tropical climatology are mainly the lwo density of observations post, the inequal spatial repartition of measurements and the very bad quality of some series, because of the importance of missing datas. The value of results and conclusions depend of the exactness in reviewer of existing datas and their spatial repartition. In central africa, the study of rainfall comming from the best stations in the period going from 1946 to 1985 shows the evolution and the main climatic change seen at continental and planet scale in the second half of the twentieth century. The main componment analysis allows a global approch of rainfall evolution and spatial organisation of rainfall field variability. The maps show the spatial organisation of rainfall variability field, and the graphs of annual score s on factorial axes give pictures of the chronologic rainfall flucturations. These rainfall fluctuations in the region are in closely accordance with the diversity of the physical milieu; otherwise, there is a relation between the rainfall diminution and the activity of the two actions center which deal with the spatial organisation of rainfield. The final result is a general rainfall deficiency irrelevant to the weakening of st. Helena anticyclone and the reinforcement of harmattan winds comming from sahara. In the north, the faillure of rainfall is more important than in the south. If the trend observes since 1970 continues, the monthly rainfall means which caracterise african intertropical rainfall regimes should be modified. Mainly if the normal rainfall period runs from 1970 to 2000, according to the 30 years wmo recommandations
Mamadou, Asngar Thierry. "Mobilisation de l'épargne financière et réformes des systèmes financiers dans les pays de la communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale (CEMAC)." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE0047.
Full textTaty, Alain. "La contribution de la Banque européenne d' investissement au développement économique et industriel de l' Afrique centrale noire francophone." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10020.
Full textThe European Bank finances projects and programmes in Central African States. The purpose of our research-study is to explore the legal regime of technics set up by EIB and politics used in Central Africa
Bigot, Sylvain. "Les précipitations et la convection profonde en Afrique centrale : cycle saisonnier, variabilité interannuelle et impact sur la végétation." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJO1023.
Full textThis study establishes the coherent signals of the climatic variability and its connections in central Africa from a rainfall data base (1951-90), as well as satellite data and a reanalysis of the data from gcm. The water vapour advections over central Africa originate in the southern Atlantic Ocean with greater intraseasonal changes than those observed at the interannual scale. The heart of the Congo basin is also a regional source of divergence which is present for most of the year, and which redistributes water towards the Sahel or south-eastern Zaire. The surface conditions, for example topography and forestry, are important. In addition, the monthly olr reflects the rainfall of central Africa associated with deep convection and tropical circulation on global scale, but is not a good indicator of rainfall for all regions and all periods of the year. Central Africa is not a uniform rainfall area which varies homogeneously at interannual scale. Nevertheless, many analogies can be mad with other African areas. The enso signal is particularly visible in the deep convection of central Africa. Each enso occurrence corresponds with a modulation of the amplitude of the semi-annual rain cycle in the Congo-Gabon area, proving the predictive power of the sst. The rainfall modulation of the Atlantic, pacific and Indian sst's in central Africa is linked to a change in the east-west circulation due to the modification of the instable areas. The thermal variations in the southern Atlantic also impose a change in latitude of the itcz and the advections. The phenological mapping of rainforests using ndvi identifies different forestry behaviours and indicates certain spatio-temporal differences. A time lag is often observed between the rainfall and the forestry productivity. It is difficult to extract a bioclimatic signal due to the instrumental bias, but the interannual variations of the ndvi of the rca and northern Zaire are explained by the rainfall
Ouapou, Christophe. "Contribution à l'étude de la stratégie d'implantation des entreprises françaises dans les états de l'Afrique centrale : (Cameroun, Centrafrique, Congo, Gabon, Tchad)." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR1D306.
Full textFrench firmes locations in central africa is usually done by big businesses, whose establisliments, organizations is hylhy contralized, without local capital participations, but a production system well established, the mane objective being to anticipat competitions
Connétable, Sophie. "Stratégies de développement et de défense chez deux espèces de termites sympatriques : Pseudacanthotermes spiniger et P. militaris (Isoptera, Termitidae, Macrotermitinae)." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS016.
Full textLe, Fur Soizic. "Les Faunes mammaliennes du Miocène supérieur du Tchad : structure des communautés et implications paléoenvironnementales." Poitiers, 2009. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2009/Le-Fur-Soizic/2009-Le-Fur-Soizic-These.pdf.
Full textNsoumbi, Jacques. "Le système de transport international en Afrique centrale." Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX23001.
Full textBennafla, Karine. "La restructuration des espaces frontaliers en afrique centrale." Strasbourg 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR1GE01.
Full textMantsié, Rufin-Willy. "Un essai sur la libéralisation des institutions monétaires de la zone B. E. A. C." Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX32045.
Full textMoney matter's. This ossertion means the paramount necessity of institutional conception in the process of economics performances. In the case of the b. E. A. C. Currency area, taht aspect is yet observed. The public monetary management, in charge of the politico-bureaucratics discretion, leads to a series of disosters in the financial and economic fields. A private central bank and the liberalization of financial activities are suggested in other to cut down these disorders. That's the way to establish rights and to improve entrepreneurship acts in these countries. The monetary substitution advocated'll improve a competition able to lead up to an integration and economic development in b. E. A. C. Currency area
Abeghe, Minto'o Joëlle. "Les droits de la femme en Afrique centrale." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010312.
Full textWomen's rights in Gabon, the Congo, the republic of centraafrica and Tchad as they appear nowadays from an international point of view, originate from human right lawmaking in 1789 and in 1948 ; they stemmed from main declarations on human rights. These texts didn't take women into consideration adequately, so they were strengthend by specifical conventions. Examples to be cited are : the convention on political rights in 1952, the convention on the nationality of married women in 1957 and the convention on the elimination of any kind of discrimination regarding women in 1979. Although encouraged by onu projects in favour of women, women's rights achievements are very slow in internal lawmaking, and particularly in it's effects. The different constitutions after the independance have established equality of rights but in practice matters turn out differently. Family rights, labour rights and penal rights are discriminating issues against which women still need to struggle. But women suffer from important handicaps : analfabetism, customs, family responsabilities. Law should be considered as a support for women, not as a shortcoming and neither as the establishment of secular habits in favour of one sexe. In our undertaking we shall lay the foundation of a franc debate on the situation of women in our countries. We shall do this in order to bring up suggestions for possible reconsideration of positive lawmaking applied to women, for a fairer conception of law. How to attain this objective ? Possible solutions can be found in the conclusion of our thesis
Ossah, Mvondo Jean-Paul. "Archéologie des pipes en Afrique intertropicale." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010641.
Full textAfter a definition of basic concept archeology, pipe, the epistemology difficulties are given. The spatial analysis show different distribution of artefacts, and stratigraphy. The morphotypology of pipes show the variability. The technical analysis give some mathematical models of the bowls and permanence rupture during many centuries. Many pipotypology are modified by new excavations. The ethnoarcheological research was based on technology and archeological remains. The chimic analysis could give positiv result. The social importance of smoking pipes is indicated. The African origin of pipes in the Neolithic and the identification of smoking herbs is done by many data. After the analysis of why local pipes disappear, a number of solutions are given
Dikoume, Albert. "La fiscalité pétrolière comparée dans les États membres de la CEMAC." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010271.
Full textMbiaga, Cyrille. "Contributions méthodologiques à une analyse de la dynamique socio-spatiale des infections à VIH en Afrique centrale : régions de Batouri (Cameroun), Berberati (Centrafrique)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30088.
Full textPilleron, Sophie. "Facteurs psychosociaux et nutritionnels des troubles cognitifs en Afrique Centrale." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0024/document.
Full textWith the aging of the world population, prevalence of non-communicable diseases including dementia is increasing. While epidemiological studies on cognitive impairments have been mainly conducted in high-income countries, a few have been carried out in low-and middle-income countries, including African countries, not exempt from this phenomenon. The EPIDEMCA program, Epidemiology of Dementia in Central Africa, is aimed at contributing to a better understanding of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in rural and urban areas in two countries of Central Africa: the Central African Republic (CAR) and the Republic of Congo (ROC). This PhD thesis, which is part of this program, focuses on the relationship between cognitive disorders (Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and dementia) and psychosocial factors (stressful life events and dependent personality disorder) on the one hand, and nutritional factors (undernutrition and dietary consumption) on the other.The EPIDEMCA program is a cross-sectional multicenter population-based epidemiological study carried out among people aged 65 years and over in rural and urban areas of CAR and ROC between 2011 and 2012 using a two-phase design. DSM-IV and Petersen criteria were required for a diagnosis of dementia and MCI, respectively. Among 2002 subjects who agreed to participate in the study, cognitive status and reliable age were available for 1772 people: 1519 were free of cognitive impairment, 118 suffered from had MCI and 135 from had dementia. As regards the psychosocial factors, our first study showed that MCI was positively associated with the total number of events experienced throughout a life span in Congo only, and, with the total number of events from the age of 65 onwards and with a child’s severe physical disease after the age of 65 in the total sample. On the contrary, dementia was associated with neither the accumulation of stressful life events nor individual events. Results of our second study showed that MCI was associated with the dependent personality disorder in Congo and CAR, while dementia was associated with this disorder in Congo only. Regarding nutritional factors, our third study showed a significant association between dementia (but not MCI) and the three markers of undernutrition used (BMI inferior to 18.5 kg/m2, mid-upper arm circumference inferior to 24 cm and arm muscle circumference (AMC) below the 5th percentile of a reference population) in CAR. In Congo, MCI was associated with only the AMC<5th percentile while dementia with none of markers. Our fourth study found that cognitive disorders were associated with light alcohol intake and a low consumption of oilseeds in rural areas only. In Congo, cognitive disorders were associated with neither food groups nor alcohol consumption. This PhD thesis has contributed to improve the knowledge available on the epidemiology of cognitive disorders in Central Africa. Nevertheless, our results are solely exploratory and require to be confirmed by further studies, prerequisites for relevant and targeted interventions with a view to reduce the risk
Fouda, Owoundi Jean-Pierre. "Evolution du systeme financier et pratiques informelles d'epargne et de pret en afrique centrale." Lyon 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO22005.
Full textThe question is to know whether informal saving and loaning practices present an obstacle to the evolution of the financial system, which is an absolutely necessary forerunner to development financing based on internal saving. Taking the examples of cameroon, congo, central africa, gabon and chad, the thesis shows that these practices represent an original financing method linked to a slow transformation of the old socio-cultural structures aimed at reproducing the social system and adapting these structures along modern economic principles. These practices prove the existance of enormous saving potential in developping countries ; but this potential saving is still subject to the social system reproduction logic to the point at which informal practices represent an imperfect transitional system. Mobilizing saving, the existance of which is proven by the official financial institutions, represents a gamble which is difficult to win, due to the behaviour of these same institutions in terms of distribution of credit and the collection of savings which create and maintain the dual aspect of the financial system. The measures explicitly or implicitly envisaged by the public authorities and international organisations with a view to developing this dual system appear limited. The thesis aims at showing that this dual system carries the seeds of evolution of the financial system and can acclerate it providing the public authorities give their support by supplying the population with economic information concerning the informal saving and loaning system
Soh, Fogno Denis Roger. "Développement et protection de l'environnement en Afrique centrale." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4010.
Full textThe independence did not only permit poor Central Africa countries to engage themselves with their developmental problems, but also placed them in a situation of making heroic efforts to be developed like first world countries to the detriment of their environment, or to anticipate the future by taking into consideration the protection of nature in their developmental policies and techniques. The choice to be developed by all means seemed to have been adopted by all the states. Serious obstacles led to the need for these countries to constitute themselves in sub-regions. The endeavour for regional grouping gave rise to mitigated and even deceitful results. At the institutional as well as international co-operation domains, the aspirations of the members had been weakened due to the neo-colonialism and the lack of seriousness of some actors and institutions. Development, which was preached by all, became a simple assumption. A serious step forward was realised in 72, and re-enforced in 92, which could be considered as the peak of the re-orientation. Having been resistant for a very long-time, Central Africe States have seen the need to rescue nature, which had for long been disregarded, opset and even sacrificed for the sake of development. Henceforth, for disability to be achieved, attempts should be made to reconcile environment and development, to obtain "sustainable" development. To achieve this, obstacles new and old must be overcome. Energies should be put in proper use and all actors should be implicated. The conception and achievement of durable development fashioned for Africa can only be realised by making use of "African genius"
Goana, Stéphane. "La juridiction administrative centrafricaine depuis la colonisation jusqu'à la Constiution du 14 janvier 1955 : contribution à l'histoire des institutions judiciaires centrafricaines." Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0860.
Full textThe Central Administrative Court dating back to colonial times is the product of mimicry and various legal reforms it is built along the lines of the French judicial institutions, it inherited the techniques of administrative difficulty reaching its goals in a socio-cultural and political context different from that of France, former colonial power
Gnimpieba, Tonnang Édouard. "Droit matériel et intégration sous-régionale en Afrique centrale : contribution à l'études des mutations récentes du marché intérieur et du droit de la concurrence CEMAC." Nice, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00441405.
Full textLembe, Aline-Joëlle. "Pêches maritimes et développement durable dans les états côtiers d'Afrique centrale : des dysfonctionnements à l'exploitation durable des ressources halieutiques." Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT3011.
Full textThe aim of this research was to study the maritime fishing in the coastal central african states from the angle of sustainable development. In this viewpoint, the research used a work of observation and of surveys especially thanks to interviews to draw up a diagnosis of the state of fishing in a context marked by important halieutic potentials although the landscape remains not very glossy. Indeed, the area is marked by numerous operational and organizational problems. Problems that materialize among others by proven under-equipped materials, insufficient involvement of political decision-makers, low incomes and to some extent, the lack of coordination between the various entities that reflect the relative vitality of the sector. Through case studies : Sao Tome (Sao Tome and Principe), Komo estuary (Gabon) and Youpwé (Cameroon), the research also enabled to assess the existing environmental risks due to the practices and uses of fishing gears which are dangerous for the marine ecosystems. Moeover, thanks to these case studies, the concept of sustainable development has been questioned in the context and in the sector we refers too. It was about a kind of probation of the concept. And some maladaptation of the international orientations appears clearly, in the context of coastal central africain states due to specific realities which are not taken into account in the international level. In fact, this probation underlines all the difficulty that exists to tie up the popularisation of "right practices" as far as fishing are concerned and the satisfaction of the primary need of food, which is essential to the survival of the players themselves, in a context where food security remains &almost an illusion. So, this analysis tempts to a replacement of the approaches. That the reason why, the study suggests to consider (again) the sustainable development issue in the maritime area by integrating the concept of territory. Actually, it is about conceptualise or consider the layout of halieutic territories and not only about the fishing activity only. All the related activities such as offshore, the maritime transport, tourism, have to be integrated to the analysis. All in all, this study, by questioning the sustainability of the maritime fishing, fuels and repeats a longstanding debate in human geography : that of the relationship between man and environment
Kissambou, M'Bamby Jean Didier. "Décentralisation et fonction publique : essai sur un système applicable dans les états d'Afrique centrale." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32081.
Full textThe French system of decentralization was transposed to central Africa after independences in 1960. The confrontation of Western legal data with African sociological realities did not favour the success of a jacobine decentralization. Because of monopartism, absence of financial resources, political instability and of a decades centralized civil service, the application of decentralization concerned the challenge. After four, central Africa experiences a generalized crisis. In parallel, regional solidarities always prevail over the State. They empty it of all its substance. Since 1990, the States of central Africa are directed towards "pseudo-democratic" regimes thanks to the international context. The less original new laws on decentralization, reproduce the French law of March 2, 1982. Owing to sociological realities and international constraints on the "good governance", a regional decentralization could let break out the elements of an authentic African public law. It would oblige the State to transfer its non sovereign competences to local communities, which could use existing solidarities to carry out the socio-economic development. These communities would be based on a local civil service founded on employment. The financial resources would come from a local taxation of share whose rate would be fixed by the local elected representatives
Truc, Philippe. "Apport de la génétique des populations à la taxonomie de "Trypanosoma brucei" et à l'épidémiologie de la trypanosomiase humaine en Afrique centrale." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20050.
Full textTchuinte, Joël. "L'Application effective du droit communautaire en Afrique centrale." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0549/document.
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Guichaoua, André. "Destins paysans et politiques agraires en Afrique centrale." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010686.
Full textGuichaoua, André. "Destins paysans et politiques agraires en Afrique centrale." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605647w.
Full textMbakidi, Horsini Leandre. "Gestion forestière durable et intégration sous-régionale en Afrique Centrale." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS020S.
Full textEnvironmental issues have in recent years become so important on the international scene it is today inconceivable to develop a forestry policy framework which is not oriented towards the sustainable management of forest resources and the conservation of biological diversity sity found in natural areas. The Central African countries are particularly affected by this double challenge as they host the second World Heritage tropical forest. The forest estate has a unique biodiversity, described as second only to the planet because of its contribution to global ecological balance. The Central African forests are under increasing human pressure: hunting and habitat degradation, by extension of agricultural land, energy needs and, above all uncontrolled logging. Concerns about forest management practices in this area therefore require the introduction of changes in their application for a sustainable forest management. A common approach to Central African countries in managing forest resources seems necessary to contribute to sustainable development in the sub-region and the global ecological balance. The issue of forests in Central Africa thus refers to a process of regional integration in the forest sector as a "tool" of interest to the sustainable management of forests and to increase its economic and social contribution to the sub-regional economies
Messe, Mbega Christian. "La Communauté Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (CEEAC) : quelle politique de sécurité pour une organisation régionale à vocation économique ?" Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIML016/document.
Full textI assesses the strengths and weaknesses of ECCAS in building regional security in Central Africa through a SWOT (including internal and external factors that promote an entity and those that threaten it). Thus, this thesis shows that ECCAS, whose founding objectives were not safe in the classical sense of the term, was finally able to better develop its defense capabilities as its economic integration due to the low complementarity of national economies which up. However, I emphasize the limits of this security dimension: the lack of logistical and financial resources and the set of external powers. These shortcomings tend to discredit the capacities of ECCAS safety and result in the recovery of its responsibilities by other local regional organizations such as CEMAC
Kouengo, Yves. "La presse confessionnelle en Afrique centrale comme instrument d'une stratégie de rapprochement régional." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040071.
Full textOwing to its extension in some countries, Central Africa, Congo, Gabon for instance, the confessional press lays its contribution not only to hold up the catholic influence in this region but also for the closeness of regional connections. On the whole, though essentially determined by a clerical logic, this press is participating to some exert in the clustering and cooperation procedure elaborated into the structure of the specific development of these countries
Pion, Sébastien. "Contribution à la modélisation des filarioses à "Onchocerca volvulus" et à "Loa loa" en Afrique centrale." Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002140040204611&vid=upec.
Full textOnchocerciasis, a parasitic disease caused by infection with the filaria Onchocerca volvulus, s transmitted by simuliid black flies that breed in fast-flowing streams. Onchocerciasis constitutes a major public health problem in Africa, where 18 million people are nfected Blindness, the most severe complication of the disease, affects 300. 000 individuals. Since the 1990's, onchocerciasis control is based upon annual large scale treatment of the populations by a drug which kills the embryonic stages of the parasite, ivermectin. A good knowledge of both the population structure and the transmission dynamics are necessary when one wants to assess the impact of the treatments. Our researches allow us to document these issues and aso the demographic burden of onchocerciasis in a focus of central Cameroon our results should contribute to adjust mathematical models developed to predict the ong term effects of control activities. In other respects. Patients infected with an other filarial species, Loa Joa, being at risk to develop adverse reactions, such encephalopathy, following ivermectin intake, we also analysed the transmission dynamics of this parasite
Obame, Ndong Max-Olivier. "Le téléspectateur africain face à l'internationalisation des programmes de télévision: la situation de l'Afrique centrale." Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020020.
Full textMahamat, Nasser Hassane. "Les lois pétrolières en Afrique centrale, les dispositions environnementales : efficacité et harmonisation." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT4004.
Full textNiyongabo, Ferdinand. "Diversité, biogéographie, écologie et conservation des Rubioideae-Rubiaceae en Afrique centrale, Burundi, R.D.Congo, Rwanda." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209721.
Full textles récoltes. Des taxons nouveaux pour le territoire étudié ont été découverts, révélant le caractère incomplet de la ‘World check-list of Rubiaceae’. Des taxons nouveaux pour la science ont été mis en évidence. Une espèce nouvelle (avec deux variétés) a été décrite. Les analyses de distribution ont utilisé deux niveaux de résolution: le système d’information géographique (SIG) pour la production des cartes de la distribution des espèces et le système de maillage pour calculer la densité et l’effort d’échantillonnage. La richesse floristique apparente est fortement biaisée par l’intensité d’échantillonnage. Après correction de ces biais, la diversité reste inégalement répartie.
Des régions de plus haute diversité peuvent être expliquées à la fois par des processus déterministes (régions à haute diversité ’habitats), et, probablement aussi par des contingences historiques (refuges). Elles correspondent à des zones de spéciation active ou de moindre extinction. De plus, cette diversité varie selon les phytochories considérées.
La distribution des taxons a été utilisée pour tenter de redéfinir sur une base objective des subdivisions phytogéographiques du territoire étudié. L’approche basée sur la similarité floristique et la distribution potentielle a démontré le rôle déterminant des taxons indicateurs et des variables environnementales
dans l’établissement d’un système cohérent de phytochories pour l’Afrique centrale. Un nouveau
système de trois territoires floristiques défini sur base des Rubioideae est comparativement proche de celui de White (1979, 1983) mais ne comprend pas des zones de transition.
Enfin, la caractérisation de l’état de conservation des Rubioideae de la zone d’étude, sur base de la méthodologie de l’UICN, a porté sur cinquante-six taxons (sub-)endémiques d’Afrique centrale. L’évaluation paramétrique a été largement utilisée. Elle est basée sur la détermination de la zone d’occupation (AOO) et de la zone d’occurrence (EOO). La proportion des Rubioideae menacés et coïncide avec celles des autres groupes déjà évalués. Cette analyse a démontré qu’il existe une corrélation entre les taxons menacés et les zones de forte concentration humaine.
This study is a contribution to the knowledge of biodiversity, geographic distribution and conservation of Rubioideae (Rubiaceae), a group of flowering plants in Central Africa (D.R.Congo, Rwanda, Burundi). The work is based on the critical evaluation of the rich herbarium collections conserved in Belgium and Burundi (> 10,000 specimens). A critical check-list of Rubioideae in Central Africa has been produced, comprising 291 taxa. A distribution map has been obtained for each of them. A number of taxa are new to the area, highlighting the gaps of knowledge in the ‘World check-list of Rubiaceae’. Species new to science have been detected, one of which has been formally described (with two varieties) in this study. The analysis of distribution patterns has been performed at two levels of resolution. Grid-maps have been used to analyse patterns of species diversity. Floristic richness appears strongly correlated with
sampling effort. After correction for sampling effort, species diversity remains heterogeneous.
Regions of higher diversity correspond either to areas of more active speciation, in relation to a high diversity of habitats, or to forest refuges where extinction rates have been lower. Additionally, this diversity varies between the different phytochoria recognized. The distribution of species has been used in an attempt to redefine phytochoria based only on floristic criteria. Floristic similarity, and potential distribution (based on climatic parameters), has shown that phytochoria can be effectively defined and characterized by the method of indicator taxa. Three major
phytochoria show a reasonably match with phytochoria previously proposed by White (1979, 1983), but White’s transition zones are not highlighted. Finally, distribution data have been used to critically evaluate the conservation status of 56 taxa, using the methodology and criteria of IUCN. The area of occupancy (AOO) and extent of occurrence (EOO) were calculated and used as main criteria to evaluate the species. A relatively high proportion of taxa appear to be threatened, especially in relation to urbanization and deforestation in the most
highly populated parts of the study area.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Trape, Jean-François. "L'impact de l'urbanisation sur le paludisme en Afrique Centrale." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112181.
Full textIn order to ascertain the impact of urbanization on malaria, a research project was undertaken from 1980 to 1985 in the Brazzaville region and 16 other urban centers of the Congo. Studies investigated parasite prevalence and density, vectors bionomics, malaria morbidity and mortality, serum haptoglobin and immunoglobulins, antimalarial antibodies and antimalarial practices. In the rural area of the Brazzaville region, malaria is holoendemic: the parasite in children varies from 79% to 94% and the inoculation rate from 200 to 1,000 infective bites per person per year according to the villages. In Brazzaville, considerable differences exist between the districts of the town, in relation to the population density and the nature of the ground gained by urbanization: the parasite rate in schoolchildren is 81% in Massina, 66% in Talangai, 40% in Bacongo, 9% in Moungali and 3% in Poto-Poto. According to the districts, the inoculation rate varies from less than one to 100 infective bites per person per year. Only 37% of children aged 6 years living since birth in Poto-Poto are seropositive. In contrast, the annual rate of mortality from malaria is very low bath in the rural and urban areas and shows no significant differences between the districts of the town. It was estimated at 0. 43 per thousand in children from 0 to 4 years and 0. 08 per thousand in children from 5 to 9 years. The present-day drop in mortality is attributed to the now general use of antimalarial drugs for the treatment of all febrile episodes in infants and children. The observations made in the Congo show that urbanization has a considerable impact on entomological, parasitological and immunological aspects of malaria. However, it would appear that it is above all the antimalarial practices and possibilities of treatment which are of capital importance in preventing serious complications and decreasing mortality
Godjé, Madi. "Réseaux aériens et structuration des territoires : les effets de la déréglementation du transport aérien en Afrique : le cas de la Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale." Le Havre, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LEHA0051.
Full textComposed of airports and lines that connect the places, air networks need fewer infrastructures on the ground. Since the American Air Deregulation, air transport is in change. This change subjects the African States to a brutal crisis and the considerable consequences. The example of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (EMCCA) is rather clear. Indeed, in the 1960s, states of this part of Africa set up policies favourable to air transport: multiplication of airports and connections under cover of the state-owned air carriers as well as to structure and develop their territories as to post and affirm a national sovereignty newly acquired. With the change in the international air transport, they have no possibility to remain effective actors in the field. They confronted besides with economic and financial crisis such as measurements known as of structural adjustment are imposed to them by the international backers (World Bank, International Monetary Funds) not very inclined to maintain the mechanisms of the public intervention in the sector that they dedicate to market and private interests. The financial bankruptcy of the States leads to the bankruptcy of the state-owned air carriers. That raises some problems for the service road the country. Il is developing an accessibility very differentiated from the places. The example of the EMCCA shows a problem that involves most African countries. How to build effective air connections in order to benefit from an increasing demand of air transport ?
Ngattaï-Lam, Merdan. "Intégration régionale et échanges commerciaux intra sous-régionaux : le cas de la Communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale, CEMAC." Amiens, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AMIE0057.
Full textIn Central Africa (CEMAC), despite the recovery in the years 90 alternate UDEAC by CEMAC, the regionalization process did not identify the capacity for an effective approach to the contemporary challenges. This can be explained by the intergovernmental guidance of the CEMAC member States which grant a predominant place in the national sovereignty and regional integration in the CEMAC zone thus remains mixed and concern. Inspired by the question "How subregional intra trade can serve as major assets to the strengthening of the regional integration process", we mean a better understanding of these signifiers in the modelling process. To do this, we read Hugon (1991 ; 2001 ), Balassa (1962), Sophana and Ali. (2005) and Madariaga (2010). We have completed this theoretical Fund by the results of Suarez (2009) and Suarez and Schnakenbourg (2008/2009)
Mazigui-Ngoue, Eulalie. "Le transport multimodal des marchandises de la zone CEMAC." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT4002.
Full textJuly 05th, 1996 in Libreville-Gabon, the six countries of CEMAC composed of Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Central African Republic and Chad adopted an Inter-states convention on the multimodal transport of goods practicing in their sub-region, and which came into force the same day. This convention which is the only one nowadays, among all juridical systems worldwide, in terms of applicable positive right in the field, seldom acts, after ten years of existence, as legal basics in a decision of justice or in an arbitration sentence. Besides, we observe in an incomplete manner that this convention is not applied as part of the internal multimodal transport of goods of the states of CEMAC, creating a lacuna in the law thereabouts. This lacuna in the law is filled up by palliatives resolutions, and by a worry of normative creation, as well on behalf of the professionals, that African legislator
Epoma, François Bourgi Albert. "L'intégration économique sous-régionale en Afrique l'exemple de l'Afrique centrale /." Reims : Éditeur, 2005. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000222.pdf.
Full textKoffi, Kouao Jean. "Analyse des structures spatiales des données de distribution phytogéographique des Acanthaceae en Afrique centrale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210497.
Full textPhytogeographic data reflect the spatial variability of plant diversity and constitute consequently a potential tool for conservation policy development. In order to stimulate and valorise the concept of phytogeographic systems, this dissertation entitled “Analysis of the spatial pattern of phytogeographic data of Acanthaceae in Central Africa” aims (1) to analyse the spatial distribution of the Acanthaceae family in Central Africa (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Burundi); (2) to compare this distribution with the known phytogeographic theories of Robyns (1948), White (1979, 1986) and Ndjele (1988); (3) to use the spatial distribution models as a tool for evaluating the human impact on landscapes and diversity; (4) to identify potential indicator species of the phytogeographic territories; (5) to evidence the phenomenon of vicariance; and (6) to quantify the impact of the fragmentation of forested landscapes in central Africa. In this study, two levels of spatial resolution have been considered: the phytogeographic systems themselves and a system of grid cells. A geographic information system has been used to draw maps of the spatial distribution of every species. The choice to analyse the Acanthaceae family of the herbarium of the National Botanical Garden of Belgium (BR) has been justified by the systematic revision of this collection and by its huge number of samples. The data set contained 9181 samples, collected between 1888 and 2001 by about 427 collectors in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Burundi ;the samples represented 48 genera, 310 species and 6362 geographic positions. The maps showing the spatial distribution of all samples pooled evidenced the different levels of exploration of the study area. Certain phytogeographic territories have been explored more intensely than others. The mostly explored zones, consequently also denoted as the most diverse ones, were the Afromontane regional centre of endemism, including the regional mosaic of Lake Victoria, and the Zambezian regional center of endemism. Species distribution maps evidenced the spatial patterns of species presence. Certain species showed an overall distribution while others were clearly bound to particular territories. The latter species, denoted as “unique species” or “characteristic species” could be used as bio-indicators to stimulate and valorise the concept of the phytogeographic systems in the framework of conservation policy development. By means of the Acanthaceae family, it has been shown that the impact of forest fragmentation will be considerable; species bound to a specific phytogeographic zone are assumed vulnerable; they will disappear when their biotopes are destroyed. The potential distribution of the species, based on the geographic position of the samples and on environmental data, have been generated in order to describe more precisely the ecological niches of the species involved and to detect cases of vicariance. Two types of vicariance have been found using the phytogeographic territories of Robyns (1948) and White (1979, 1986) at the genus and the species levels: ecological vicariance and geographic vicariance; the former type involves species or subspecies observed in the same phytogeographic region while the latter type involves species and subspecies not found in the same territory. This analysis enabled us to identify zones of speciation. A cluster analyses showed that the spatial distribution of the Acanthaceae data corresponded more closely to the phytogeographic system of White (1979, 1986), than to those proposed by Robyns (1948) or Ndjele (1988). In order to valorise our approach, the current methodology should also be applied to other families widely collected in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Burundi, such as the Rubiaceae or Mimosoideae families, this (1) to synchronise all data bases for a more profound understanding of the degree of exploration and of the existence of species with a limited ecological amplitude (unique species), and (2) to enable the identification of zones that should be prioritised for conservation.
Doctorat en Sciences
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N'Dui-Yabela, Alexis. "La Contribution internationale à la sauvegarde des ressources naturelles en Afrique Centrale." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0044.
Full textIn the right heart of the african continent, the sub-region of Central Africa has important natural resources. Unfortunately, those resources are lately facing an irrational exploitation, portending an environnemental situation of crisis in a short term. Aware of those threats, Central African's States and international community multiply many-sided strategies in order to reverse the tend. Many initiatives are recorded during the last years as much at the level of management political review as regards operational activities. This study tries to review some of them and show how Central African's States and civil society work hard, with the help of many internationals partners, to safeguard natural resources in prospect of a sustainable development. In this part of the world, the international environmental law doesn't stay on a theoretical level, but found expression in some concrete and field realizations
Moyen, Godefroy. "Le régime international des pêches maritimes en Afrique centrale." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX32035.
Full textKounkou, Dominique. "La question de la zone franc en Afrique centrale." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100152.
Full textSince the Euro coming into force as of lst January 2002, how the CFA Franc zone is faring in Central Africa ? This question leads to another one : Now that France is a member of the European Union and that the French franc does no longer exists, are the cooperation agreements signed between France and the African countries still valid ? Lastly, aren't we witnessing a De facto unconventional substitution of France by the European Union and aren't we therefore in a kind of relationship where the African States would already fend themselves in a constraining position similarly to that of the " Unequal Treaties " Under the Monetary Cooperation Convention signed on the 22"a November 1972 in Brazzaville, Congo, between the member States of the Central Africa Bank (B. E. A. C. ) and the French Republic, the States committed themselves to comply institu personae with the agreed obligations. The African States fend themselves in a situation where they do not have any leeway and they are therefore loosing their confidence, which is jeopardizing the very equilibrium of the convention signed on the 22naNovember 1972. [t is important to audit this Franc zone, deprived of the French franc, to know wether or not the African States would do well to continue with their cooperation using the standards of an " hybrid " monetay system that benefit from the 1972 convention provisions, while trying to some extent to impose the innovation drawn from the European monetary system to which France is a party without being the unique decision-maker. The situation is so unsual for the African States that this audit, carried out with the economic law instruments, is at the very heart of this survey
Trape, Jean-François. "L'Impact de l'urbanisation sur le palludisme en Afrique Centrale." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376016279.
Full textBennafla, Karine. "Le commerce frontalier en Afrique centrale : acteurs, espaces, pratiques /." Paris : Karthala, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb388672172.
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