Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Afrique et développement'
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Adoukonov, Santos Ghislain Yves Hervé. "L'audiovisuel et le développement en Afrique : aspects juridiques et financiers." Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10016.
Full textThe solutions proposed by the law of development concerning African countries have been mostly, during decades, in favour of an economical approach rather than considering cultural specifications of the continent. But the improvement of the citizen's conditions of life, the strengthening of the democratical process and the development of the economy of the states necessitate also taking into account cultural parameters. In favour of the ongoing democratical process in the continent since the 90's, Africa should take advantage of the opportunities by audiovisual communications for the education of its citizens. In this prospect, radio and television can be considered as major tools permitting changes in mentalities of African societies. Two main trends can be underlined. In the one hand, audiovisual media can accelerate the strengthening of democracy at all levels of social categories and contribute to the enforcement of a state of law. It is in this regard that audiovisual regulatory bodies were created in order to arbitrate the access of political parties and the civil society to state owned medias. This principle is indeed guaranteed by new African constitutions. In the other hand, audiovisual communication should also take into account sociolinguistic factors of the continent in order to facilitate the popularization of endogenous models for a sustainable development in Africa. This is the reason why the contract and mission requirements have provided obligations in terms of quotas for the broadcasting of programmes for development and also the broadcasting of national and African entertaining programmes. However, in order to respect these obligations, local productions should be much more developed than nowadays. African countries have to promote a real financing policy for audiovisual communication. The current deficient financing modality based on taxes and advertising revenues should be completed by the creation of a special fund in order to help audiovisual and cinematographic industries. The recourse to other financial resources seem to be essential
Lelo, Binda Bruno. "Monnaie et développement : le cas de l'Afrique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX32042.
Full textAfrica's under development, which is often misunderstood and wrongly defined, is examined here from new angles and interpreted in novel ways. An economic subsbucture, relying on two production systems: the more "modern" one, the legacy of colonisation, is focussed an the interests of the upper stratum. This system has remained unchanged since accession to independence, as a result of outmoded and obsolete processes being maintened. However both the production system itself and the resulting revenue are geared to satisfying the needs of non African countries, the more "traditional" one, subsistance-based, tends to drag the economy down. It is characterized by archaic pratices, oblivious to modem organizational structures, scientifically approved methods and rigorous models or mecanisms. The interaction of these two forces, puiling as they do in opposing directions, results in a paralysis of Africa, which is thus frozen in its state of under developmernt. A matetary substructure, unclear in its definition, often over simplistic and lacking the basis which confers value and validity to any currency. This in turn points to a number of questions: of a légal nature, according to International Public Law and which once again raise the issue of the sovereignty of African States. That are both monetary and economic, which can best be summed up by a total lack of understanding as to purpose of a currency "ara African economies currency-based ?" In part I, we decribed the theoretical and practical means of triggering African development, before examining a number of solutions to these problems in part II. -Economic structures : using economic science to open Africa up to the rest of the world by creating an African Common Market (single market) -ACM - designed to help the continent break out of its isolation and start building a future for itself. -Currency solutions : insofar as no African currency is convertible, we suggest the stablishment of an Inter African Central Bank - IACB - and the creation of four regional Banks, to issue and circulate a single currency. The advantages for the continent as a whole of such an initiative are manifold, putting an end to economic dependency, strengthening democracies and priming develoment
Ndiaye, Guirane Samba. "Institutions financières et développement économique." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00727467.
Full textSoh, Fogno Denis Roger. "Développement et protection de l'environnement en Afrique centrale." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4010.
Full textThe independence did not only permit poor Central Africa countries to engage themselves with their developmental problems, but also placed them in a situation of making heroic efforts to be developed like first world countries to the detriment of their environment, or to anticipate the future by taking into consideration the protection of nature in their developmental policies and techniques. The choice to be developed by all means seemed to have been adopted by all the states. Serious obstacles led to the need for these countries to constitute themselves in sub-regions. The endeavour for regional grouping gave rise to mitigated and even deceitful results. At the institutional as well as international co-operation domains, the aspirations of the members had been weakened due to the neo-colonialism and the lack of seriousness of some actors and institutions. Development, which was preached by all, became a simple assumption. A serious step forward was realised in 72, and re-enforced in 92, which could be considered as the peak of the re-orientation. Having been resistant for a very long-time, Central Africe States have seen the need to rescue nature, which had for long been disregarded, opset and even sacrificed for the sake of development. Henceforth, for disability to be achieved, attempts should be made to reconcile environment and development, to obtain "sustainable" development. To achieve this, obstacles new and old must be overcome. Energies should be put in proper use and all actors should be implicated. The conception and achievement of durable development fashioned for Africa can only be realised by making use of "African genius"
Manvoutouka, Roth Tine. "Analyse du travail et développement en Afrique subsaharienne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3010.
Full textThe diversity of working situations in sub-Saharan Africa requires a re-examination of the common conception of “work” within the relation of work and development. These industrious activities respond to more or less formalized normative systems, which cannot legitimately be ignored. These different systems of norms largely shape the practice of real work. The aim of this research is to question the interferences or the contradictions between these different systems of norms, which the actors are required to cope with in their activity. To this end I examined a capacity building development project inside the Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Tourism in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. I defend the thesis that the relation to work in Africa is not characterized by cultural specificities or exoticism. Instead, it is the result of an anthropological experience made of more or less conscious choices among vital, social, legal, political or technical norms, on an individual or collective level. As a locus of intense normative tensions, work appears then as an appropriate point of entry into a broader analysis of social change, and therefore questions the political and scientific institutions where knowledge for and on development is produced
Edusei, Gladys. "Conflit armés et développement en Afrique sub-saharienne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX24024.
Full textConflicts are frequent in sub-saharan African countries since their independence and unfortunately people consider such situation to be normal. This frequency seems to reinforce the idea that Africans are naturally unable to manage their resources. African conflicts are also very often considered as a result of African culture, which is termed as a violent and agressuve. If conflicts are obviously an obstacle to development, they are also the consequence of undevelopment in Africa.The objective of the PhD is to understand the ceonomic basis of armed conflicts in sub-saharan Africa. In other words, we seek toidentify economic causes of conflicts. The main variables observed are GDP per capita, international aid, raw materials for export, government debt, foreign direct investment, population, food and water. We confirm that any process that helps improve economic development in sub-saharan African countries is a way to avoid new conflicts
Ambomo, Marcel. "Commerce, environnement et développement en Afrique francophone : réalités et perspectives." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT4007.
Full textBase development only on economic growth, was a trend in Africa. Henceforth, this approach is questioned, since the consecration of sustainable development at Rio Summit. Consequently, development issue of African countries is studied, by redefining actual balance between trade, environment and development. Indeed, we can take up a bet on trade as development tool in Africa. However, his success depends on withdraw of trade barriers and the protection of environment. We seize here, the opportunity to re-examine the sustainable concept, which appears, for good, as a civilization vision. At what scale? Universality seems on this context attractive. But it's risky, because it could ignore local situation. In this field, we can think globally, but act locally. This concept allows sui generis sustainable development models, with the purpose to avoid a unique environmental view
Gachassin, Marie Castaing. "Transport et développement en Afrique : on the road (again?)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010046.
Full textAndrianarison, Francis. "Trois essais sur les institutions et le développement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28818/28818.pdf.
Full textMantes, Jean-Claude. "Urbanisation et développement économique." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10059.
Full textNouhouayi, Albert. "Vers une nouvelle philosophie du développement en Afrique noire." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010619.
Full textNdongo, Hervé Pascal. "Microfinance et développement des pays de la communauté économique et monétaire de l'Afrique centrale (CEMAC)." Bordeaux 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR40020.
Full textSince many decades, micro-finance institutions respond to permanent needs of populations left out of formal banking systems. They became indispensable partners of social and economic development by adapting themselves to permanent population needs. The proof is the consecration by the United Nations General Assembly of the year 2005 "International Year of Micro credit" to honor the contribution of micro credit in alleviating poverty and that of Peace Price Nobel 2006, Professor MUHAMMAD Yunus, the Grameen Bank founder. The object of the present research is exactly to assess the impact of micro-credit in financing developing countries growth, particulary those of CAMEC area, by using techniques of statistical treatment data's, especially principal components analysis. It enlighten micro-finance problem by : the typology of micro-finance institutions ; financial flows of public aid to development compared to those of micro-finance institutions ; the nature of risk face micro-finance institutions. In others words, the fundamental question of our work are : does the micro-finance constitute a factor of development in the CAMEC zone ? What is it veritable contribution in the fight against poverty in that zone ?
Mahamat-Idriss, Hassan. "Création et développement des entreprises en Afrique : cas du Cameroun et du Tchad." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2010_out_mahamat_idriss_h.pdf.
Full textThe company is the motor of growth and economic development. The entrepreneur is its builder. He contributes to the creation of, riches, jobs and guarantees the social cohesion. Industrialized nations have proved that the wealth is acquired through creation, imagination and innovation which are the virtues of the entrepreneur. Our thesis reveals the obstacles which prevent the creation and the development of companies in Africa, particularly in the CEMAC zone. It also presents perspectives to fight against the failures of the financial and banking systems which are expressed by a financial excess liquidity, a weakness of the investment environment and an asymmetry of information about companies. These failures constitute the main explicative factors of the high cost of credit for VSE (Very Small Enterprise) and SME (Small and Medium-sized Enterprise) which creates a climate of mistrust in business. Such constraints concerning informal economy are explained by an administrative red tape and by the scarcity of bank loans. The restructuration of the banking and financial sectors of the CEMAC zone is necessary to encourage entrepreneurship
Huillery, Elise. "Histoire coloniale : développement et inégalités dans l'ancienne Afrique occidentale française." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0111.
Full textThis PhD dissertation uses first-hand historical data on colonial French West Africa. First, I focus on the costs and benefits of colonial experience for France and its former colonies. I review the existing literature and show that evidence on whether colonialism was a costly or beneficiary experience for France is not clear yet. Then I provide an answer on the direct cost of French West Africa for French public expenses: this cost turns out to be very small -on average 0. 1 % of all public expenses. Few public investments were made during colonial times and almost all of them were financed by local population itself. Using econometrics, the thesis then seeks to provide evidence on the long term impact of colonial experience on current performances. I show that early colonial public investments m education, health and public works had large and persistent effects on current outcomes, and that a major channel for the long term effect of early investments is a strong persistence of investments: regions that got more of a specific type of investment at the early colonial times continued to get more of this particular type of investment. Finally, I give evidence that Europeans tended to settle in more prosperous pre-colonial areas and that the European settlement had a strong positive impact on current outcomes. I argue that the African hostility towards colonial power to colonisation provides a random variation in European settlement. Despite, the absence of a "reversal of fortune" within former French West Africa, some of the most prosperous pre-colonial areas lost their advantage because of their hostility: other areas caught up and became the new leaders in the region
Kutshienza, Mulala Faustin. "Libéralisation financière et développement financier en Afrique subsaharienne : analyse et évaluation empirique." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF10380.
Full textNo abstract available
Gobitaka, Traore Karim. "Les organisations internationales et l'aide au développement de l'Afrique subsaharienne : aspects juridiques et économiques." Toulouse 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU10028.
Full textThe sub-Saharan African countries have been receiving for more than three decades massive international aid: - from the united nations system, through u. N. D. P. And Bretton Woods institutions - from the e. E. C. , through e. D. F. And e. B. I. But paradoxically, their economic and financial situation goes on deteriorating what's the origin of that concept of aid ? What are its content, its foundation its evolution in juridical and economic thinking? The bilateral aid is opposed in favour of the "disinterested" multilateral aid. But, is there any fundamental difference between both forms of aid as regards their aims? International aid tends to perpetuate, and this without having a positive impact on the development of the beneficiary countries. Will the sub-Saharan African countries still rely on aid to cope with their development? Or should they promote, on the contrary, their development from inside by changing the political, economic, social structures that they have inherited from a bygone past, toward self-promotion? That's the fondamental question for the future
Touatam, Guendergue Antipas. "Monnaie et développement économique : le cas de la zone C.F.A." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21014.
Full textTouré, Marèma. "Femme, genre et initiatives de développement en Afrique sub-saharienne : théories et pratiques." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010580.
Full textHow to construct theories and practices who take into account gender disparities in the global process of development, particularly in Sub-Saharian African societies ? This is the principal question raised by the thesis. Since the origins, the development discours and actions has been fundamentaly build in a gender blind perspective. The multiples pressions of the feminists activists and the action of some institutions including the united nation organisation have improve it. Many theories have been developed to adress the issue of women and development. The object of the thesis is to analyse the differents approches from "welfare" to "women integration in development" (WID) until "gender and development" (WAD). The first part of document includes the research problematic. It also defined the principal concepts and the methodology. The second part describes the global situation of african women. It reminds the principal steps of the internation women movement and analyse the context of the participation of african women into the development initiatives. Also, the experience have shown that there is a big gap between discours and practice. It is why the last part includes two case studies related to women's projects who have been implanted in senegal. The conclusion resumes the mains lessons and try to formulate some recommandations
Madjimbaye, Nanadjim. "Entreprise et entrepreneurs africains : culture et dynamique entrepreneuriale, le cas du Tchad." Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE0502.
Full textDupréelle, Karine. "La régionalisation en Afrique orientale : entre impératif de développement et dynamiques politiques." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50374-2001-5-6.pdf.
Full textBenmostefa, Chedli. "Identité culturelle et développement au Maghreb." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H080.
Full textCultural identity and development in the Maghreb assuming that there are contradictions between the modern patterns of development in the Maghreb and the arab-islamic identity, we could point out a rupture at three levels. 1. On the economic level, the contradiction between the capitalist state modal and the pre-industrial society caused the subordination of the economic field to the political one leading to a political crisis. 2. On the political level, the contradiction between the secular institutions and the traditional legitimation implies the denial of the civil society autonomy betraying a lack of symbolic dominance. 3. On the cultural field, a rupture between a determinist socio-political modal imposing the imperialism of rationality and an imaginary translating the hidden socio-cultural dimension. As it was not possible to isolate the symbolic since it is involved with the rational and subject to significant semantic shifts, we tried to analyze, through the semiotic expression, the evolution of the radical Islamic imaginary towards the maghrebian peripheral imaginary in search of the sources of conflict with modernity
Mbengue, Abdoulaye. "Intégration économique et développement industriel dans les pays de l'Afrique de l'Ouest." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON10018.
Full textIn west african countries external demand constitute an important factor for economic growth. That holds their place in international economic relations, that is, those for supplier of raw materials, of non processed goods. That is why the level of economic activity of industrialized countries has has a positive effect in the development of west african economies. But, in the end of the 70's, this effect will tend to diminish its speed. There are many explicit factors, that is, changes in the production methods, in the ways of consumption and certainly the reorientation of french economy in view to participate in the european economic community. Consequently, it was important to adopt an alternative strategy for the development of west african countries. It is in this way that the solution of economic integration is proposed. In fact, it could resolve the problems of limited market by exploitation of economies of scale, permit to establish an industrial policy in the sub-regional scale. To realise that, effectively steps need to be taken in political, economic, cultural and social fields. A dream which will realise with time
Diagne, Souleymane Astou. "Institutions et développement économique : Asie de l'Est et du Sud-Est et Afrique Subsaharienne." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131029.
Full textThe importance of institutions in the economic development path was stressed since more than century by Schmoller, Veblen and Commons. Since the beginning of the eighties, there was like a coming out of intuitionalists’ optics to offset the shortcomings of the neoclassical one to explain the development policies failures, which were inspired by the neoclassical ideology. It’s in this context that appears the new institutional economics analysis, looking for including in the economic policies suggestions, a set of new indicators which didn’t belong to economics, like the political institutions (elections, democracy, constitution…). This thesis starts from a statement: the countries of Africa and those of Asian Eastern and Asian Southern-East started almost from the same level of economic development in the sixties. The thesis has, afterward, three objectives: understanding the analyses and the concepts of the institutional economics, searching, thank of a comparative study, the reasons which make the Asian countries much more developed than the African ones, and finally, checking the links between institutions and economic development with econometric and statistical methods. We have assumed that the institutional factors were behind the Asian countries economic success and then behind the economic development. Three main questions underlie the chapters of this work. Understanding how the institutional analysis was born, the definition of the concept “institution” and its derivatives concepts, the way with which the institutional switch acts and understanding the theoretical reach of the institutional economics toolbox. Answers to these questions assume an early knowledge of the mains institutional economics optics, of Veblen, Schmoller, Commons, North, Willamson, Greif and Rodrik
Hiba, Mohamed Ibrahim. "Guerres et développement économique dans les pays du Centre Est africain." Grenoble 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE21031.
Full textKeita, Diene. "Droit international et développement durable en Afrique : le bilan mitigé des OMD et des partenariats pour le développement." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010300/document.
Full textAll African countries agree that human development is a fundamental aspiration of the peoples of the region and the governments that represent them. So they all adopted the Millennium Declaration. However, overall progress has been below expectations. Between 1990 and 2000, African countries averaged only 10 per cent of the Millennium Development Goals, instead of the 40 per cent required to be on the right track. The global analysis of MDG monitoring shows that 4 countries have reached a number of specific targets and that more than one third of the countries of the subregion could reach the main objectives, particularly in the areas of schooling, nutrition, and access to clean water. Other countries, on the other hand, could face real difficulties in meeting the challenges without effective and lasting support from the international community. Despite the mixed record of partnership agreements, many experts believe that achieving the MDGs in Africa cannot be achieved without international partnerships. Hence the need to maintain the sense of realism that is to ask for the financial, technological and intellectual assistance that can bring the industrialized countries, especially those of the European Union and the United States of America , and to shift the burden of implementing the sustainable development of states towards the citizens through the dedication of "public-private" partnerships and "states / civil societies"
Chouaïbou, Mfenjou Modeste. "L' Afrique à l'épreuve du développement durable : la conciliation du progrès économique, de la protection de l'environnement et du développement humain." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMD008.
Full textThe unforeseeable consequences of pollution (reheating of the glaciers, flood, crumbling of the layer of ozone, rise in the level of the oceans) due to the growth of the discharge of gases, of the deforestationsupported the emergence of the concept of the sustainable development. Behind this setting in danger of planet, economic progress must not only seek the satisfaction of the needs present, but integrate the concerns of the future generations. The safeguard of this solidarity over generations requires a common action ; if not the efforts of the ones (protectors) will be cancelled by the laxity of the others (pollutants). Already weakened by poverty, the conflicts, the famine, the desertification, Africa is not requested than the other areas of the world. Accounting for 2% of the world trade, Africa under structural adjustment adopted liberalism and its States complete the process of privatisation of the public companies. But, that it is of the space representation, land management, agriculture, justice, education or the governance, the African Culture reconciles with difficulty its traditions with modernity. If creation, the promotion and natural and human stock management are hardly satisfactory in Africa, it is because the process of the development is put at evil by exogenous and endogenous obstacles. On the other hand, the inventiveness of the populations, only pledge of their survival, awaits an international support for the measurement of the challenge of the African rebirth in development. But, the Occident does not seize enough that in a world without border, solidarity is the well shared interest for, if Africa continues to endure such lamentable deprivations, it will hardly be in safety in its opulence
Guingané, Jean-Pierre. "Théâtre et développement culturel en Afrique : le cas du Burkina Faso." Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30009.
Full textMost of the projects carried out by african countries in the field of economics, politics and culture, since independence, are ended in failure with, as a consequence, a situation of a generalized social crisis engendering misery and suffering far the populations. The question here then, is to show, from the example of burkina faso, the place and the role of theatre in the implemented policies. The study of the social, economic and political conditions, as well as that of the development policy conceived from critera unknown to the social and physical environments, allows us to conclude that the maladjustment of that conception of development to the local realities constitutes the main cause of "under-developement", because it doses not adequately associate the populations to the realization of the projects and does not take into consideration their actual needs. The theatre appears as a means of social communication capable of helping the populations to be more aware politically and of aiding the social integration. For that reason, the theatre, more than the other arts, is a means of development. If one does not limit development to the production and accumulation of material goods as it is the case now, it is possible to envisage a policy, different from that which exists based on local realities and access to the world outside. The results of such policy would be less spectacular but more relevant to the advancement of the populations
Unger, Jean-Pierre. "Rôle des districts sanitaires et méthodologie de leur développement en Afrique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213081.
Full textOubda, Jean-Marie Honorat. "Developpement rural en afrique et reactions paysannes (une approche de la politique de l'autopromotion en milieu rural. Attitudes et comportements des paysans de tenso face au projet ajacs dans sa politique de desengagement." Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20093.
Full textDurand, Stéphanie. "La Chine, nouvel acteur du développement en Afrique ?" Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05D018.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
De, Leener Philippe. "Prise de conscience, activité et développement : le métier d'agent du développement local en Afrique de l'Ouest." Paris, CNAM, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CNAM0454.
Full textA clinical research has been carried out in the footsteps of a long-term intervention in Niger aiming at better understanding the profession of field officer in rural development in South Niger. Getting finely aware of one’s own professional activity does not necessarily lead to any development. The insight is not developmental per se. For such a development to occur, “the real of the activity” (this inner part of the activity made up by all the suspended possibilities and impossibilities likely to be operated but nevertheless not operated yet) has to be developed beforehand. The thesis conceives human and psychic development as the process of generating a new class (logically speaking). The “joint-development” hypothesis is one the promising outcome of the research. During a self-confrontation session, the development of the subject’ activity seems to be closely linked to the development of the researcher’s activity so that they could be mutually influenced by the awareness raising process (provided the development process of their respective “real of the activity” be thoroughly launched)
Mvogo, Jean-Paul. "Les politiques de développement financier en Afrique subsaharienne : définition- enjeux- réalités et propositions." Paris 9, 2012. http://basepub.dauphine.fr/xmlui/handle/123456789/9120.
Full textIn 50 years, Africa has seen little progress in development. Our work analyzes a factor able to explain this singular path: the structure of financial systems. After deepening the concept of financial development and providing a better understanding of the relationship between the real and financial spheres, it proposes an indicator of financial development which emphasizes the weak structure of African financial systems and their limited contribution to development. This work also highlights the existence of equilibriums of underdevelopment related to the financial factor over the long run. Given the strength of the factors explaining these equilibriums, the implementation of public policies, financial development policies, must be at the heart of development strategies to come. Their implementation in Africa is all the more legitimate that they have proven their effectiveness in other areas. This thesis defines these policies and their governance
Naoussi, Defonkou Claude Francis. "Croissance et cycles des pays en développement." Nantes, 2012. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=9d0be975-e676-49de-bd02-fbf2eeecbce8.
Full textThe economies of developing countries are characterized by a great poverty and a strong macroeconomic instability, costly in terms of welfare and susceptible to participate in the weak growth of these economies. The objective of this thesis, which is consisting of four chapters, is to examine this macroeconomic instability by the means of the modeling in dynamic and stochastic general equilibrium. In the first chapter, we present a review of the literature on dynamic and stochastic general equilibrium models applied on sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The second chapter presents a comparative analysis of the sources of macroeconomic fluctuations depending on the level of economic development. The estimation of a small open economy model for a set of developed, emerging and developing economies shows that the weight of trend shocks is higher in sub-Saharan Africa countries and is significantly correlated with the level of income, the quality of institutions and the size of the credit sector. The third chapter is devoted to the role of oil revenues in the business cycle of Cameroon. Calibration of a bisectorial model, where oil revenues act as an exogenous transfer of tradable goods, shows that these revenues play an important role in the business cycle and are the cause of the phenomenon of "dutch disease". The fourth chapter by the means of econometrics of panel data, studies the dynamic relationships between governance and growth. In contrast with the results obtained in cross section, estimations in panel data show a weak effect of governance on growth over the last fifteen years
Pinta, François. "Développement méthodologique pour la valorisation bois d'oeuvre d'une ressource forestière donnée : développement d'un outil d'aide à la décision et étude de cas au Cameroun." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10175.
Full textDiarra, Adama Moussa. "Transports et développement économique dans trois Etats continentaux de l'Afrique Occidentale : le Mali, la Haute-Volta et le Niger." Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30008.
Full textIn deprived countries such as mali, upper-volta (burkina-faso) and niger which are for historical and geographical reasons bearing poverty, it has become a necessity, more an obsession to open up. Il l is all the more essential when we know that, these countries heavily rely on transports for their access to the international market, their food supplies and the good running of their economies. Through this their importance and their impact can be measured. The quick settlement of a transportation policy should be integrated in a global policy of development which should modify the socio-economc structures of which the growth was wrong, blocked or extroverted. If not, not only development runs the risk to be hindered, but also other territories areas , and even the whole country will be made enclaves. Interactions of transportation are more and more numeros and more and more various to intervene here and there. This is why, we have foud it quite interesting to show how from as turning point in the past : the inland areas of west africa have become "abandoned areas"for communications and how the transportation system has become obsolete to create or to be transformed in another system which doesn't cope with the level of development. Planning should settle a new economic geography as well as the good organization and functionning of the transports should aim towards a balanced development of the economy in favour of a subregional integration
Tano, Félix. "Autonomie collective et intégration économique en Afrique Noire." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUEL018.
Full textCollective self reliance and economic integration in Black Africa. A dynamic element of the new international economic order, collective self-reliance advocates economic cooperation between developing countries, so as to make sovereignty effective. Among black african countries, it may take the shape of an independent integration. Integration is achived through a multiplicity of institutions which, by distributing skills, maintain the sovereignty of the various states. The drawbacks arising from such a pluralistic organization lead gradually to establish a more integrated legal order ; the first signs consist in developing an institutional unification on regional scale and in adopting a continental plan setting the reference standards for all the other actors. Will this movement develop towards a greater supranationality? The strategy adopted searches for a balanced integration, through machinery which makes good the losses of receipts involved by commercial traffic liberalization, and at a fair distribution of industrialization plans as well. It should lead to a greater self-reliance in which the most important part is played by the machinery ensuring an "internal dynamics" protection, as well as an increase of the national participation in the capital of the companies involved in the process
Morcillo, Sarah. "Corruption et développement : une analyse microéconomique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED059.
Full textThis thesis proposes to study the effects of corruption on different development issues by focusing on three regions where the incidence of this phenomenon is particularly important: West Africa, Peru and Vietnam. This study differentiates the perception of corruption from its experience as well as the nature of corruption according to its purpose and reveals diverging effects. Having paid bribes promotes willingness to register among heads of informal West African production units and not to remain informal by avoiding official controls. In Vietnam, pro active (voluntary) payments provide small and medium manufactured firms an advantage over their competitors, but we can not say that corruption improves firms’ performance. Finally perception and experience of corruption have different effects on institutional trust among Peruvian households. The perception of corruption significantly reduces citizens’ confidence in the institutions of their country, which confirms the historical legacy of corruption scandals in the higher spheres of the State
Connétable, Sophie. "Stratégies de développement et de défense chez deux espèces de termites sympatriques : Pseudacanthotermes spiniger et P. militaris (Isoptera, Termitidae, Macrotermitinae)." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS016.
Full textChaffa, Alphonse. "Transport et developpement en Afrique de l'Ouest : origines, évolution et situation actuelle." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR1D008.
Full textBertrand, Germain-Marie. "Coopératives et développement rural en Afrique noire : étude comparée des expériences togolaise et congolaise." Tours, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOUR4503.
Full textThe comparaison between the agricultural cooperatives ot Togo and Congo brings out resemblances and differences. Are these differences only a reflection of contradictory, geographical, economical, historical, political and ideological situations ? Do their cooperatives allow members and farmers in general, to reach a higher level of development ? What role do state, traders, consumers and foreigner experts play as regards cooperatives ? In conclusion, are cooperatives an adequate means of modernization for rural develoment ? The internal and external factors that enable cooperatives to run are quite easy to identity. However, taking into account the anthropological backround and the political implications, they are (much) more difficult to set up
Castaing, Hugues. "Emergence et développement du secteur privé dans les pays africains en transition vers l'économie de marché@." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX32057.
Full textAfrica is in such a desperate economic, political and social condition, that friends of Africa and people at large who feel concerned by its evolution, are led to address the same disturbing question: how can be found the way of development at the beginning of XXIst century ? In order to bring a tentative answer, this thesis suggests to consider under-development as a case of cultural evolution within a context of a « catallactic african society », rather than a material problem constantly qualified as a « shortage of ressources » (i. E : « manque de moyens »). At the opposite, african countries development lies exclusively upon men, since they are those who act, imagine future and innovate to create wealth, admiting that « growth is not a material process but an intellectual one ». This process necessarily implies the merging and development of private sector, and will be originated by the determination of african people in leading an evolution of their institutions toward free market economy, in an open society integrated into world trade. African people will proceed gradually at the pace of mentalities changes in order to operate transitions without clashes and social turmoil. The surveys conducted in this thesis aimed at assessing the opportunities of merging and development of private sector in subsaharian-Africa, wich will enable and evaluate the success of policies of poverty reduction and sustainable development. Since, the exclusive leverage of economic and social development is entrepreneurship. This does not introduce any contradiction with « human capital » strengthening nor investments in social sectors met as usual basis of aid programms. In this context, the studies (of the thesis) were focused on african markets operations, in attempting to find out the reasons of the caracteristic difficulties and failures of trade promotion in this continent
Gaba, Laurent. "L'État de droit, la démocratie et le développement économique en Afrique subsaharienne." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ43483.pdf.
Full textAkuetey, Mawuko. "Développement et intégration économique en Afrique de l'Ouest : la CEAO et la CEDEAO : étude comparative, bilans et perspectives." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010270.
Full textThe economic integration in West Africa is not at all a panacea. And it is improbable that, alone, it engenders a quick economic gowth. Nevertheless, insomuch as it permits not to deal only with policies of substitution importations with investment of capitals geared to national markets which are in most cases very limited, it offers perspectives for potential important advantages. Taking into account the difficulties of harmonisation of the ECWA and of the ECOWAS, two situations are possible : the ECWA will be assimilated by the ECOWAS or the ecwa will attract into her orbit other states
Dampha, Lang Fafa. "L'Afrique de l'Ouest anglophone entre mémoire et réparation à l'époque post-coloniale : une question de développement." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040188.
Full textThe Trans-saharan and the Trans-Atlantic slave trades, and European colonisation and apartheid that had been carried out in an atmosphere of extreme brutality, have enormously affected socioeconomic development in black Africa. Are these phenomena responsible for the present social and economic problem? Africa has been independent for over fifty years and after 1957, when the first black african country (Ghana in English West Africa) became independent, African countries created the Organisation of African Unity in 1963 under the influence of Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana. They have as well created economic communities amongst themselves, such as the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and joined existing ones created by the West, including their former colonisers. What effects do membership of organisations and associations such as the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, The world Trade Organisation, the Francophonie and the Commonwealth of nations, have on black Africa’s independence and development? Africa’s painful pasts are inevitable themes of evolution of the contemporary world. Reparations of the economic, social and psycological damages of slavery, colonialism on black Africa have therefore been asked for by Africans, as victims of the past, when the countries who had enslaved and colonised black Africa, have refused to pay reparations. What is the significance of reparation to Africa’s development? How have the roles played by the Arabs, the North Africans and the Black Africans themselves in the slave trade, affected reparations? Can Black African leaders play a role in the global process, in order to better ensure the development of the Continent?
Ouedraogo, Amidou. "Fiscalité et développement économique : leçons de l'expérience des pays de l'Afrique sub-saharienne." Paris 12, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA122004.
Full textMvelle, Minfenda Guy. "Aide au développement et coopération décentralisée : esquisse d'une désétatisation de l'aide française : les cas du Cameroun, Congo, Gabon, RCA, Tchad et Rwanda." Lyon 3, 2005. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2005_out_mvelle_g.pdf.
Full textMana, Nsimba Joachim. "Politique fiscale et dynamique de développement en Afrique subsaharienne : le cas du Burkina Faso, du Congo-Brazzaville et de la Côte-d'Ivoire." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0041.
Full textThe taxation is in the heart of the process of development. During decades 1960 and 1970, in Black Africa in general, Burkina Faso, Congo and in Côte d'Ivoire singularly, the using of the taxation like privileged instrument of intervention did not make it possible to achieve the goals defined by the States. Indeed, the tax pressure is weak and the main part of the resources comes from the taxation of the international exchanges : the taxation rests mainly on the rights of importation and the export taxes, which in the long term compromises the external competitiveness of these countries. However, the news gives international constrained these countries to reduce these types of taxes in order to contribute to the liberalization of the exchanges and causes a loss of earnings which it is necessary to compensate for by the reduction of the exemptions and the increase in the resources taken on the internal incomes
Rondelet, Yves. "Le miel en Afrique de l'Ouest." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOL001.
Full textPrao, Yao Séraphin. "La dimension monétaire du développement : une application à deux pays de l'UEMOA : la Côte d'Ivoire et le Sénégal." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE21011.
Full textThis thesis examines the monetary dimension in the development process in Africa. Considering the case of two countries belonging to the Western African Economic and Monetary Union (known as UEMOA in French), Ivory Coast and Senegal, it shows that African countries have based their development strategies on policies that did not take into account the real importance of money and therefore of the banks in the development process. Taking as starting point of the study the theory of financial liberalization was essential for us to situate the context of the monetary policies of African countries. The first part of our research will focus on understanding the theory of McKinnon (1973). Once the internal coherence of his theory is studied, it appears that at the theoretical level, the monetary aspect is not valued because McKinnon's implicit monetary theory is the quantitative theory that considers money as a simple veil in transactions. The second part of our thesis will put an emphasis on the study of monetary financing of investment in a Keynesian and post-keynesian way of thinking. In defining monetary dimension as the ability of banks to create money while relying on a repayment promise, to finance an economic activity or just a project, our research shows that this aspect has been neglected in Africa. An inspired post-keynesian model is proposed to reflect the money aspect in financing development in Africa. We do hope that this thesis will contribute to an open debate on the role of money in the development process in Africa
Rapoport, Hillel. "Développement et pouvoir en Afrique noire : éléments pour une analyse économique du clientélisme." Paris 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA020069.
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