Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Afrique subsaharienne – 1884-1960 – 1884-1960'
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Tenoux, Hervé. "Des nouvelles de l'empire. La diffusion intercoloniale d'informations paris - dakar - saigon 1887-1954." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA070024.
Full textBroadcart of news sums up he lock of democratic life in french colonial empire. Nesetheless the submarine telegraphy and wireless could have been the meduim of this dialog. The haros naws agency the afp had to fit to untes of colonization : lock of news when the metropolitan press wos not interestip in its coloniess propagands during the second world was then news cender controle in the days following. During this period, the hoice of the native woon't many lessen. The rews of empire aven't the news of africa of indochina like the history french colonial empire avan't this of africa of indochine
Durpaire, François. "Les Etats-Unis et la décolonisation de l'Afrique noire francophone : 1945-1962." Paris 1, 2004. https://eu02.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/uresolver/33PUDB_IEP/openurl?u.ignore_date_coverage=true&portfolio_pid=5364073170004675&Force_direct=true.
Full textKane, Aminata. "Violences sur les femmes, violences des femmes en Afrique occidentale française (1895-1960) : histoires des femmes d'après les registres judiciaires." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10057.
Full textKokidé, Jean. "Evolution économique et sociale de l'Afrique centrale entre les deux guerres : étude comparée du Moyen-Congo et de l'Oubangui-Chari, 1928-1938." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10003.
Full textOuedraogo, Amidou. "Fiscalité et développement économique : leçons de l'expérience des pays de l'Afrique sub-saharienne." Paris 12, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA122004.
Full textEl, Alami Mohammed. "Réflexion sur le concept d'État-Nation dans les pays d'Afrique noire de tradition juridique française." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR1002.
Full textTchamanbé-Djiné, Louise. "Crise et faillites bancaires en Afrique subsaharienne : le cas du Cameroun." Bordeaux 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR40019.
Full textThe last quarter of the 20th century has recorded a very high financialinstability rate market by a series of financial crisis and the bankruptcy of financial and banking instititions which have spared no region of the world; There has been an escalation of financial distress in the United States of America, in Latin America, in Europe, in north and Sub saharan Africa. This survey which deals with the crisis and the bankruptcies of the banking sector in Subsaharran Africa in general and in Cameroon in particular, is based on a main hypothesis that, this situation comes from the fact that, banks are uneable to appreciate their risk because of the asymetry of information on bank and customer relations. .
Gandou, Zakara. "Étude critique du processus électoral en Afrique noire francophone : réflexion sur la crise des États nouveaux." Toulouse 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU10014.
Full textWe see although the elections in French-speaking Black Africa if they present unmistakably peculiarities, it is not for the reasons usualy advanced and we suggest to read the elections in this continent through the nature neocolonial of the concerned states
Waka, Modjo Roger Armand. "Diversité de la fécondité en Afrique subsaharienne depuis 1960 : le rôle de l'infécondité et de la taille des familles." Bordeaux 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR40063.
Full textIn the 1960s there is in Sub-Saharan Africa a heterogeneousness of the level of fertility, marked mainly by weaker levels in the countries of Central Africa, which is explained by a lesser fertility of the births of firts ranks. This weakest fertility of the births of first ranks is due to sanitary reasons which led to a larger proportion of sterile women. From the end of the 1960s, the implementation of sanitary policies aiming to reduce the infertility and to improve the maternal health and, the rejection of certain taboos are going to lead, until the middle of the 1980s, to an increase of the level of fertility in these countries. This is going to reduce the differences between the levels of fertility which existed between the countries of Central Africa (Cameroon for example) and the other regions (Kenya, Mali, Niger and Zimbabwe for example). These policies are essentially going to benefit the births of the first four ranks, an increase of which we also observe during the same period and mainly throughout the generations. Today the situation is not comparable to the one of the 1960s, all the countries having begun their transition, the difference of levels of fertility is explained by differences in the period and/or the speed of the transition which express itself by disparities concerning the age in the firts marriage, the levels of the infant mortality, the modern contraceptive practice and the practice of polygamy. These factors also lead to differences concerning the births of rank four or more
Dembele, Aminata. "L'endettement de l' Afrique subsaharienne : spécificité et diversité : réflexions à partir de "la décennie perdue" 1980." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOD010.
Full textAfter period the 80s what was called "the lost decade" when it was one of the major preoccupations of the countries both creditors and debtors, the them of external indebtedness of developing countries seems nowadays to be obsolete. The whole series of indicators show. S yet that it is still the major issue at least for some developing countries mainly sub-Saharan Africa. Though, the less indebted area according to official statistics (the share of this area is less than the tenth of the total debt of the whole of developing countries), sub-Saharan Africa includes most of least developed countries, in such state of poverty, they are unable to service even a relatively modest debt. The burden of that indebtedness, caused by internal factors susceptible of infringing upon their sovereignty of concerned states, worsen their structural difficulties and bridle their development. By conforming to impose measures of structural adjustment programs supposed to allow them to recover their capacity of servicing their debt, many sub-Saharan states had from the start the 80s, to curtail their expenses even those concerning the social sectors. The inability of common people to provide for those basic needs when the government does not, has increased their impoverishment. It seems necessary to go a step further to make one more step by proposing new solutions of reducing the debt based on a juridical approach contesting the legitimacy of certain debts or modifying the ways to service them. More fundamentally, it is mainly by looking at the external debt as a social debt towards the African peoples, that it will be possible to find a way to solve the indebtedness problem so that it will no more be an obstacle to the development but on the contrary a means of fulfilling the demands of that development
Ould, Mahmoud Jebril. "Les stratégies de lutte contre la pauvreté en Afrique subsaharienne : de l’échec des politiques néolibérales aux alternatives potentielles." Reims, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REIMD004.
Full textMany strategic approach and solution was proposed in order to eradicate the poverty in Africa but no one produced the attended effect on African people life. My contribution participates to the recurring debate and wants to be decisive. Its goal highlights the thesis that it is the neoliberal philosophy which is in cause. In fact, by orienting African economy toward production models in order to reduce national debts, this politics forms the bases of mass poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. In spite of the fact that IFI impose to States drastic conditions, a set of political, social and economical conditionality, the democracy and prosperity were not installed except for leader classes. In this work, we first make a global analysis to show the different failures of development politics in Africa. Due to the fact that our analyzed solutions are not in the continuity of current approach, the second step consists in thinking on alternatives. Our solutions are new and considers new actors (population, civil society), thus we do not use the word reforms. The attempt to highlight IFI neoliberal politics unproductive roll to fight against poverty in sub-Saharan Africa justifies the two-part plan that gives an important part to alternative strategies. Those strategies laud the end of “all is business”, the come-back of State and Politics to regulate economy and to prevent its derives, and also to take into consideration human being as an actor and solidarity between generation and people
Boureïma, Abdoulaye. "Les fondements de l'État post-colonial en Afrique du Sud du Sahara : propositions pour la construction d'un État fédéral inter afro-africain." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10086.
Full textLikoku, Christophe-Claude Bekoj'Aoluwa. "Les interventions militaires en Afrique au sud du Sahara de 1960 à 1996." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32021.
Full textAfter more than thirthy years of independence, the black african continent remains the stage of many conflits. These conflicts are interesting not only because the are numerous, but also because the have various causes and differents actors involved, who have laid down the legal grounds for the african societies. If in the first years of the conflicts, protecting the states were the man concern for military operations, this concern has been underminded. Nowadays, we are moving toward a humanitarian aid which aims at securing civilians and nationals of certain countries cas well as non nationals being threantened for their life in troubled areas. Today, there is a new pratice : militarisation of humanitariand aid
Abdou, Hassan. "Le statut des partis politiques dans les États de l'Afrique de l'Ouest francophone." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010274.
Full textThe political parties in the francophone states of West Africa are political declared or authorized associations which involve in a particular context. Their status is trying to make them play a determinant role in the transition of the aforesaid states towards the western democracy. This gives them rights and impose them obligations. The recognized rights are essentially composed of the right to be recognized and that of participating in the political activites. The former consists of the right to be recognized as a party and that of the recognition of multiparty system. The latter includes to be the organization's right, to take part to the elections and the right for funding. As for as obligations are concerned, they meant to protect the state and the inidividuals against the political parties. These obligations forbid any discrimination based on race, ethnic groups, region, religion, sex and language. They also try to protect the political party members against their own parties. In short, even if the afore mentioned status has weatnesses, it started an improvement and levelling the conditions of live which are irreversible in the long term
Dedieu, Jean-Philippe. "La prise de parole de l'immigration subsaharienne en France (1960-1995)." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0161.
Full textExcluding the pre-decolonisation era, historians and sociologists have long neglected Sub-Saharan immigration. In order to examine its social history, the comparatist approach appears to be the most pertinent when examining the official representation of a particularly vilified and reified migratory movement. InternaI, rather than externat this comparative study focused on the participation of African migrants to various groups: interest groups or professional groups. '"Leaders of governmental associations", "trade unionists", "developers", "actors", "Iawyers", the five areas of enquiry gathered in this research project attempt by means of juxtaposition to break with the representation of migrants based on their members' contribution to the economy, rather than on cultural, legal of political history. Focusing on their discursive practices amounts to examining the conditions and constraints which objectivise collective entities and legitimize social frontiers under the double ascendancy of French and African states. The very process of making their opinion heard raises the question of the social and political conditions of the institutionalization of their representatives and the constitution of the groups they represent. Two themes stand out in the conclusion to this research. The first ilIustrates the strategies which were developed by the African governments, with the backing of the French State, concerning the political power. The second specifies the discrimination which undermine, be it labourers or elites, African migrants in France
Ahmet, Illa. "Instabilité et démocratie en Afrique subsaharienne francophone : le Niger et la Côte d'Ivoire." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU10025.
Full textAfter thirty years of civil and military dictatorship, pressure from the international community has pushed the Republic of Niger and Côte d'Ivoire to renew ties with the democratisation process. This process entered into grudgingly by the leaders in these two countries and running up against steering locks. This thesis tackles the reasons that explain this phenomenon. Regarding the study, the blockage is linked to the behaviour of the military and civil elite, to the dysfunctions of the administrative structures and the followers as well as the international and economic environment. The deconstruction of the administrative structures caused by corruption, nepotism and favouritism has provoked communal and tehnic tensions in Côte d'Ivoire. This situation is the cause of the political crisis that is taking place in the country today. The army's refusal to stay out of the political arena as well as its incapability to protect the republican institutions has been detrimental to the reinforcement of democracy in the two countries. The bias of the frameworks in charge of electoral issues (electoral commission, electoral justice) combined with a bad regulation of the political game by the political actors (political parties and elite) constitutes another source of the blockage. The democratic instabilities in Niger and Côte d'Ivoire are also linked to the drastic economic crisis that the two nations are going through. The infectiveness of the African integration and especially the absence of economic aid from the international community are supplementary causes of this crisis
DesRoches, Christian. "The burdens of a world power : the Eisenhower administration and decolonisation in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1955-1960." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57857.pdf.
Full textOmballa, Magelan. "La politique africaine de la France a l'épreuve de l'alternance : mai 1981 - mai 1995." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100012.
Full textLakroum, Monique. "Chemin de fer et réseaux d'affaires en Afrique occidentale : le Dakar-Niger, 1883-1960." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070079.
Full textAt the end of the XIXth century, the building of the railway network in West Africa was not only an instrument of colonization but also, in the eyes of some french industrialists, the means to experiment with new techniques of exploitation. Thus the railway line from Dakar to the Niger answered economic and political purposes of various kinds but confliting with the pratices that had been inherited from african trade. Thanks to the spreading of road transport after world war i, the merchants gradually developed rival trade channels which enabled them to control the markets in Senegal and Sudan (Mali) previously linked by rail traffic. In so doing they were able to maintain the mechanisms of arbitrage based upon the local differences in price which the fall in the costs of rail transport was showing a tendency to reduce. Consequently, the growth that was started by railway investments did not spread to all the economic activities
Miroudot, Sébastien. "Trade and growth in Sub-Saharian Africa : the dynamic Ricardian theory and non-homothetic preferences." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0014.
Full textThis dissertation is a contribution to the trade and growth literature focusing on the role of non-homothetic preferences in explaining why very poor countries – such as those in Sub-Saharan Africa – do not seem to fully benefit from trade liberalisation and why they can be caught in a slow growth trap. Part I of the dissertation is a selective literature review looking at growth theories that include trade as a determinant of the increase in output and trade models that incorporate a “growth engine”. Part II focuses on the role of non-homothetic preferences in trade theory. It points out that in a dynamic ricardian model with a continuum of goods and “hierarchic” preferences South can lose as it specializes in goods where comparative advantage is lower. It is however a very specific case that can happen only when there is a very high difference in income between North and South. In Part III, an empirical investigation is conducted with first a stochastic frontier analysis of the relationship between trade and growth. The results give some support to the ambivalent impact of trade on growth described in the model of Part II. Moreover, an estimation of the gravity model with non-homothetic preferences supports some of the theoretical assumptions made in Part II, in particular the prevalence of non-homothetic preferences and the role of income differences in explaining trade
Okalas-Okonigui, Eudoxie. "Les fondements sociologiques du blocage démocratique au Gabon." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50377-2001-1.pdf.
Full textNoudjenoume, Philippe. "La problématique de la démocratie en Afrique : le cas du Bénin de 1988 à 1993." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010261.
Full textDuring seventeen years of pseudo-marxist dictatorship under the leadership of a unique party, the state-party-prpb of kerekou led dahomey, which became Benin, to total bankruptcy. The consequences were extreme destitution for the working classes and profound frustrations within the beninese society. The workers in towns, the students and pupils, united into original, "illegal" structures, the action committees, rebelled against the system, beginning december 1988, and through powerful demonstrations overturned autocracy in december 1989. The national conference, which took place in february 1990 and was, on the constitutional level, a mean for transition from a state-party system to a partisan pluralism, established in Benin the most extended democracy ever known on the African continent. The new constitution established the presidential system. New institutions were installed, revealing, very soon, grave dysfunctions. The peopole's hopes very early were disappointed. The destitution increased with the application of the structural adjustment program imposed by the international monetary fund and the world bank. On the other hand, the permanency and the weight of atavisms (corruption, nepotism, different kinds of favouritism), the archaic character of the Benin's social structures are as many hindrances to the system. Can the "beninese model"of democracy in Africa survive all these challenges? Are the current institutions the most appropriate ones for the beninese society? Those are as many questions for the constitutionalist,the politologist or the sociologist which cannot receive hic and nunc positive answers
Eizlini, Carine. "Le Bulletin de l'Enseignement de l'AOF, une fenêtre sur le personnel d'enseignement public, expatrié en Afrique Occidentale française (1913-1930)." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807317.
Full textZoungni, Fiacre, and Fiacre Zoungni. "Comprendre les (non) interventions militaires de la France en Afrique subsaharienne à l'aide de la théorie cohabitationniste." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37735.
Full textMalgré la fin de la colonisation dans les années 1960 en Afrique, la France est demeurée présente sur le continent par le biais de plusieurs accords et conventions signés avec ses anciennes colonies afin d’établir des coopérations dans plusieurs domaines (économique, monétaire, politique, culturel, défense). Grâce à une politique militaire particulière, la France intervient militairement dans plusieurs conflits civils en Afrique subsaharienne. Dans le même temps, elle se refuse parfois à intervenir dans d’autres. La problématique de cette recherche est d’expliquer les raisons pour lesquelles la France intervient militairement dans certains conflits civils en Afrique subsaharienne et pourquoi elle se refuse à intervenir dans d’autres. Pour résoudre cette énigme, cette thèse développe la théorie de la cohabitation ou la théorie cohabitationniste basée sur le principe transactionnel de la délégation du pouvoir développé par les néo-institutionnalistes du choix rationnel qui vise à évaluer la performance démocratique des régimes politiques. Cette théorie, composée de deux modèles, affirme qu’à cause des contraintes institutionnelles et politiques qui naissent durant les périodes de cohabitation, il est difficile pour un gouvernement français d’initier une intervention militaire en Afrique subsaharienne. Cette situation, propre aux régimes semi-présidentiels, explique certains refus de la France à intervenir militairement dans certains conflits civils. Par contre, en période de gouvernement unifié, il est plus aisé de déclencher une intervention militaire puisqu’il y a une cohérence et une concordance des politiques gouvernementale et présidentielle. De façon empirique, nous avons démontré que le refus de la France à intervenir en Côte d’Ivoire en 1999 après le coup d’État militaire, en République Centrafricaine après les mutineries de 1998 et 2001, était en substance lié au conflit institutionnel engendré par la troisième cohabitation (1997 – 2002). Durant cette période, nous avons noté qu’en dépit du fait que plusieurs questions écrites aient été envoyées au gouvernement par des parlementaires français pour connaitre l’attitude de la France par rapport à ces instabilités politiques, l’option d’une intervention militaire n’a pas été retenue. En revanche, après les élections présidentielles des 21 avril et 5 mai 2002 et les élections législatives des 9 et 16 juin 2002, la France a amorcé une nouvelle ère de gouvernement unifié. C’est durant cette période que le gouvernement français a pu initier l’Opération Licorne en envoyant des troupes armées en Côte d’Ivoire en 2002 et l’Opération Boali en 2003 en République Centrafricaine.
Despite the end of colonization in the 1960s in Africa, France remained present on the continent through several agreements and conventions signed with its former colonies in order to establish cooperation in several fields (economic, monetary, political, cultural, defense). Thanks to a particular military policy, France intervenes militarily in several civil conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa. At the same time, it sometimes refuses to intervene in others. The problematic of this research is to explain the reasons why France intervenes militarily in certain civil conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa and why it refuses to intervene in others. To solve this enigma, this thesis develops the theory of cohabitation or cohabitationist theory based on the transactional principle of the delegation of power developed by the neoinstitutionalist rational choice that aims to assess the democratic performance of political regimes. This theory, composed of two models, states that because of the institutional and political constraints that arise during periods of cohabitation, it is difficult for a French government to initiate a military intervention in sub-Saharan Africa. This situation, peculiar to the semi-presidential regimes, explains France's refusal to intervene militarily in certain civil conflicts. On the other hand, in times of unified government, it is easier to trigger a military intervention since there is a coherence and a concordance of government and presidential policies. Empirically, we have shown that the refusal of France to intervene in Côte d'Ivoire in 1999 after the military coup and in the Central African Republic after the mutinies of 1998 and 2001, was in essence linked to the institutional conflict engendered by the third cohabitation (1997 - 2002). During this period, we noted that despite the fact that several written questions were sent to the government by French parliamentarians to know the attitude of France with regard to these political instabilities, the option of a military intervention was not selected. On the other hand, after the presidential elections of 21 April and 5 May 2002 and the legislative elections of 9 and 16 June 2002, France has entered a new era of unified government. It was during this period that the French government was able to initiate Operation Licorne by sending armed troops to Côte d'Ivoire in 2002 and Operation Boali in 2003 to the Central African Republic.
Despite the end of colonization in the 1960s in Africa, France remained present on the continent through several agreements and conventions signed with its former colonies in order to establish cooperation in several fields (economic, monetary, political, cultural, defense). Thanks to a particular military policy, France intervenes militarily in several civil conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa. At the same time, it sometimes refuses to intervene in others. The problematic of this research is to explain the reasons why France intervenes militarily in certain civil conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa and why it refuses to intervene in others. To solve this enigma, this thesis develops the theory of cohabitation or cohabitationist theory based on the transactional principle of the delegation of power developed by the neoinstitutionalist rational choice that aims to assess the democratic performance of political regimes. This theory, composed of two models, states that because of the institutional and political constraints that arise during periods of cohabitation, it is difficult for a French government to initiate a military intervention in sub-Saharan Africa. This situation, peculiar to the semi-presidential regimes, explains France's refusal to intervene militarily in certain civil conflicts. On the other hand, in times of unified government, it is easier to trigger a military intervention since there is a coherence and a concordance of government and presidential policies. Empirically, we have shown that the refusal of France to intervene in Côte d'Ivoire in 1999 after the military coup and in the Central African Republic after the mutinies of 1998 and 2001, was in essence linked to the institutional conflict engendered by the third cohabitation (1997 - 2002). During this period, we noted that despite the fact that several written questions were sent to the government by French parliamentarians to know the attitude of France with regard to these political instabilities, the option of a military intervention was not selected. On the other hand, after the presidential elections of 21 April and 5 May 2002 and the legislative elections of 9 and 16 June 2002, France has entered a new era of unified government. It was during this period that the French government was able to initiate Operation Licorne by sending armed troops to Côte d'Ivoire in 2002 and Operation Boali in 2003 to the Central African Republic.
Sonko, Aminata. "La résolution des conflits en Afrique subsaharienne : enjeux et perpectives." Lyon 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO31082.
Full textThe problems with regard to the resolution (or to the regulation) of the conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa may seem complex in the light of the importance of the issues. This thesis is a research work to understand the basic causes of these conflicts. Those are at the origin of the destructuring African societies but also of the political instability, economic and social. Furthermore, the disastrous consequences (trafficking in arms, constitution of armed groups, conscription of child soldiers etc. ) that these phenomena of conflicts have engendered in several areas of the sub-region are increasing the need to achieve a lasting peace. Thus, the United Nations has decided to install this issue at the center of its concerns. The continent is also included in a regional and sub-regional approach. Sub-regional organizations were progressively created, and working in the aim of strengthening the inter-African cooperation. In addition, the International Organization of French speaking, the Commonwealth and the Arab League that sustain a cultural and historical connection with the continent display their willingness to work in settlement of these crises and conflicts. Africa put some time to build a coherent common policy. After the OAU, it is today the African Union, which must give a new impetus to the continent. Take their fate in hands, through regional integration and propose a new form of cooperation and governance, are the main perspectives proposed by the African heads of State. Then, the constitution of the United States of Africa would envisage as a solution to the African “rebirth”
Mbolo, Jean-Marie. "Une histoire socioculturelle des sociabilités corporelles et sportives des immigrés africains subsahariens en région bordelaise (1960-2010)." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR22024.
Full textWhile the question of "living together" is still a central issue in French society, this thesis recounts the creation in the Bordeaux region of social and professional sporting activities among sub-Saharan African immigrants in the post-colonial period. The dynamic of this activity has changed over time. While the 1960s were a relatively quiet period in this respect, several types of sociability based on many ethno-national, national, ethnic and generational interfaces have come to exist since the 1970s. The various projects for immigration associated with several types of immigration waves, together with the influence of transnational links between countries from which the immigrants came and France, primarily explain this historical trend. This research project adds to the French historiography of the subject under study. It shows that the logic of the community has a strong impact on sports and physical practices, with the exception of the descendants of the immigrants who tend to shun this tendency. The findings show that that the relationship between sport andimmigration is by no means linear but is subject to the complexity of contemporary migration flows and to the sustainable settlement of the populations involved
Mvelle, Minfenda Guy. "Aide au développement et coopération décentralisée : esquisse d'une désétatisation de l'aide française : les cas du Cameroun, Congo, Gabon, RCA, Tchad et Rwanda." Lyon 3, 2005. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2005_out_mvelle_g.pdf.
Full textMatondo, Mbiyeyi. "L'Unesco et le développement du théâtre africain subsaharien comme moyen de culture : de 1960 à 1990." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100006.
Full textThe cultural dimension of development is important for definitions of the cultural politics of the nations. This is also thanks to the impulse of Unesco. The cultural scope imposed oneself as new development of co-operation and it find oneself that the theatre is the typically constituent of the culture. With the creation of international institute of theatre, the Unesco is seted onwards the theatre. That is why the importance bestowed on theatre and to all process of it’s development and advancement are attract our attention. The Africa at south of Sahara is our sphere of study. With two parts and seven chapters, we have in this thesis, studied the essential deeds by which the Unesco, the IIT and the Africa research the process and means for development and divulge the African theatre. In first chapter, we have before and present the Unesco and the IIT. The second chapter presents the reality of African theatre. On the third floor chapter, we have surveyed how the Unesco is concerned about the dawn of theatral phenomenon in Africa before to study on the fourth chapter the institutional relationships of Unesco with Africa (connection for co-operation and help's manners). On the chapter five, we have surveyed the cultural factors which are the basis of all development looked at for one theatre really African. The chapter six concerns the organs of support that pertain to Unesco
Biyele, François. "États et logiques médiatiques en Afrique subsaharienne : la presse panafricaine face à la démocratie au Benin, au Congo, au Cameroun et en Côte d'Ivoire au cours de la décennie 1990." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030044.
Full textThrough an heterogenous corpus out of his thematic and his periodicity, we worked an analysis of content and discourse of Jeune Afrique and Nouvel Afrique Asie, two panafrican news magazine. This analysis is about the headlines on the front page that these news magazine consecrated to Benin, Congo, Cameroon and Ivory Coastin order to determine the evolution of democratic processus engaged in these countries at the beginning of 1990 decade. We suppose that , like in 1960, the four countries'independnce year, theirs leaders took over themselves the revival democratic that these countries live since the beginning of 1990 decade. We ask ourselves about panafrican press place in this processus. In the first part, we relate briefly the history of these countries since the independences until 80 end's years. In te second part, through national and international facts, we show how these countries choose democraty to the detriment of monolithic system. In the third part of the thesis, we analyze the content of headlines on the front page where we establish the discourse of Jeune Afrique and Nouvel Afrique Asie reporters about the countries of reference. This analysis is completed by the studying of a limited nomber of interview. This thesis try to identify the media logics those exist in order to determine the role panafrican press could play in a continent where democratic processus intensify
MALA, MAKANI KHUMBI ROBERT. "Le rail en A. O. F. (1880-1940) : L'avènement du chemin de fer et son rôle dans la mise en valeur des colonies françaises d'Afrique Occidentale." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040080.
Full textIn october 30, 1880, france, the a republican country started its policy on the railway systeme of senegal and its ather colonies in accordance with the convention on concessions. What were the designs of such a policy? what would its results be? was there a logic behind it? if so, what logic? same haring underlined the isolated aspect of that policy, we had to question the accuracy of such an assertion. With the help of compiled resources, we manage to discover what the underlined logic was : "the roumean doctrine of unity of commandment in administrative, economical and financial policies". It is emodied by two proeminent figures : admiral jaureguiberry and ernest roume; and enforced by two institutions : the central government and the military technical committee. That unity shews throug" a common touchstone ". Why did it fail? are its achievements as reglectable as it is argued. Such issues open new perspectives, especially whenone knews what the term of "development" implies. Eventually, has the railway system in french western africa been a financial abyss for france or a saviour of that ruined country. The answer is to be found in the year 1940
Kpohazounde, Fifatin Grace. "Etude de l’évolution des tactiques et stratégies de la politique étrangère des Etats-Unis en Afrique subsaharienne depuis 1960 : des Peace Corps à AFRICOM." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100085.
Full textThe thesis of this work is to demonstrate the unavoidable shift towards a militarization of U.S. foreign policy toward Sub-Saharan Africa following the end of the Cold War beginning in the 1990’s, in order to protect and expand the capitalist interests of the United States in that region. A shift that evolves in parallel with the growing geopolitical importance of Sub-Saharan Africa to the United States (U.S.) --economically, politically and militarily. We study the cold-war and post-cold-war periods of US foreign policy, as two distinctly different contexts presenting unique challenges to the implementation of U.S. foreign policy in Sub-Saharan Africa, a region traditionally under European influence. The first period is characterized largely by ideological warfare between the United States and the Socialist Bloc; while the post-cold-war period, reflects new political, economic and military interests for the U.S., more specifically the emergence of new economic partners in Sub-Saharan Africa, and a new competition for access to natural resources, as well as a new need for security form the terrorist threat. These developments required a re-assessment of America’s geopolitical interests in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this thesis, we will then analyze the impact of these evolving dynamics on the tactics, strategies and logistics of the US foreign policy in Sub-Saharan Africa. Are the objectives of US policy the same during the two periods? What constant aspects can be found and what mutations of the U.S. strategy in Sub-Saharan Africa? What new tactics have been developed and with what results have they been applied? What lessons can be learned from the recent history of U.S. foreign policy in Sub-Saharan Africa?
TEMENIATI, ABDENBI. "Le maroc et l'afrique noire (1956-1984)." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081177.
Full textSince its independancein 1956 and until its retreat from the african union organisation in 1984, morocco makes objection to the inviolabity of frontiers. Morocco's relations with countries of black africa are, to a large extent, conditioned by the established word order "perfection of territorial integrity" which brings together monarchy and political parties from the mauritanian question to the thorny problem of occidental sahara
Vessat, Alexis. "Le rapport énergie-croissance revisité par l'accès à l'électricité : le cas des pays de l'Afrique sub-saharienne." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTD034.
Full textEnergy demand in Sub-Saharan Africa has outpaced that in the North. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has forecasted the greatest increase in energy consumption to come from this area. The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth began to be studied in Sub-Saharan Africa in the late 90s, using the same method as for developed countries and with the same lack of consensus on the direction of causality. This thesis attempts to clarify this situation through a meta-analysis of fifty articles published since 1996 to 2016. This meta-analysis involves five analytical categories: type of publication, geographical area studied, econometrics method used, energy consumption indicators, and control variables. Each of these dimensions includes many disaggregated variables. Logistic regressions are run on the variables presented above for each of the four causality hypotheses. In research that studies single countries, the likelihood of finding for a given causality hypothesis is very sensitive to the econometric method implemented. Findings on a panel of countries are then presented; their methods assert the neutrality hypothesis.The energy sector in sub-Saharan Africa is in a state of flux. Based on an approach borrowed from industrial economics, using historical examples that point to three successive transformations of electricity market structure, our analysis differs from previous studies by looking at demand as a consequence of supply. Our results show, an extremely fragmented demand for energy in sub-Saharan African countries,within which a very dynamic unmet demand drives change in how supply is offered. New forms of energy provisioning introduced on the electricity market put into question the initial on-grid network model. The appearance of decentralized electricity production shows that there is a potential for going beyond current limitations and moving away from a supply structure focused on the maintenance and improvement of ongrid networks without consideration of the needs of rural populations on one hand, and on the other hand, the establishment of expensive mini-grids that provide inferior energy services to rural populations. New territorial linkages focus on mechanisms seen in energy demand.As a result, our doctoral research questions the energy access gap between urban and rural populations, that remains considerable, even considering households and businesses with potential access to the grid. Tariff schedules are thus the interface between the conditions for producing electricity, the end user and public energy-access policy. This article evaluates the contribution of electricity tariff schedules, a major access instrument, to the continued existence of the energy access gap, and looks at whether this gap is primarily between rural and urban populations. Using a panel set of random effects that are double controlled (1990-2012, 33 countries divided into 4 groups, 17 variables related to residential and commercial consumption, production and willingness to pay), the article shows the systematically regressive effect of tariff schedules on access for both residential and commercial consumption, their failure to provide reduced rates to enable access to the poor, their neglect of households passing the threshold of the first consumption block and their ineffective treatment of energy poverty in urban and rural households. For households with access to a centralised grid, we find that the criterion of location is less important than the economic conditions of the customers served
Achancho, Valantine. "Le rôle des organisations paysannes dans la professionnalisation de l'agriculture en afrique subsaharienne : le cas du Cameroun." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00935522.
Full textWetshay, Ikonga. "Crise sociale et valeurs africaines : pour un apport de l'oeuvre de Paul Tillich à la théologie africaine de reconstruction sociale." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0004/NQ43127.pdf.
Full textBrou, Kouakou N' Guessan Jean Claude. "Harmonisation de politiques économiques et dette publique dans les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU2079.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is threefold. First, we link debt to the regional context governed by the convergence criteria. After comparing the situation of sub-Saharan African countries in general with that of the Regional Economic Communities, we analyze the relationship between public debt and economic growth and assess the relevance of the debt limitation criteria. We question the role of membership in a regional grouping in reducing the level of debt. In a second step, we conduct an analysis focused on the convergence and explosiveness of the debt, in order to suggest re-groupings basedon the level of indebtedness. In a third step, we apply innovative methods, initially used in the analysis of heart rates, DNA segmentation, neurons or cloud structure, to examine the debt problem. These methods, which have never before been applied to this problem, have enabled us to highlight important aspects of public debt in the regional context of sub-Saharan African countries. It thus appears that the limitation criteria in place in the RECs are well and truly justified. The heterogeneity even within these countries has led us to recommend groupings based on fiscal regulation and fiscal convergence.It is therefore possible to doubt the relevance of setting up a common or single policy at the continental level. All the more so since it is emphasized that debt thresholds are not fixed and depend on the specific characteristics of each country. Moreover, regional grouping should no longer be exclusively geographical but rather political. The application of the recent MF-DFA methodologyreveals that South Africa’s public debt is characterized by a long memory effect leading to a multifractal character
Guerin, Olivia. "Nomination et catégorisation des realia exotiques dans les récits de voyage (Afrique noire, de la fin du 18e siècle à 1960) : une approche sémantico-discursive." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030085/document.
Full textThe present study explores how reference is constructed in the discursive genre specifiedas travel narrative. A hallmark of the genre is a common posture towards the production of thetext where enunciator-travellers are placed in an asymmetric context between language and cultureand have to give an account of realia (natural species, artefacts, social practices) which are not systematically lexicalized in their own languages or for which they do not have naming competence. They thus tend to present referencing as problematic. In order to describe how incontext enunciators manage to reference “against all odds”, the present dissertation analysesnaming and categorization procedures of exotic realia in a corpus of travel accounts by Frenchtravellers to Black Africa in the colonial period. A discursive semantics is set up based on thepatterning of the three orders, language, textuality and discourse. The present work first builds upa typology of naming patterns implemented in the corpus and is able to show that discursivepractices concerned with naming rest on the language as a system. This first referencing procedureis followed by sequential operations to delimit categories; textual constraints on this secondprocedure are shown up. There follows the analysis of the discursive effects that result from theuse of such linguistic resources and this is done through articulation with the generic dimensionand the enunciative and ideological stances. Finally the analytic tools that have been devised areapplied to the characterization of specific discursive processes in two contrasting texts from thecorpus
Tiemtoré, Windpouiré Zacharia. "Les technologies de l’information et de la communication dans l’éducation en Afrique subsaharienne : du mythe à la réalité : le cas des écoles de formation des enseignants au Burkina Baso." Rennes 2, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199259/fr/.
Full textThis research explores the consequences of introducing information and communication technologies (ICT) in the field of education in Sub-Saharan Africa. It seeks to identify, from a social policy perspective, the differences between the discourse adopted by differing social actors and actual field practice. The study is based on the integration of technologies in teacher training in Burkina Faso, where there are high levels of poverty and illiteracy. This work tries to show that the integration of the ICT in education, whose declared objective is to resolve structural, institutional and teaching problems, as well as reducing the socio-economic in-balance with other industrialized countries, is largely utopian, given the actual state of development in Burkina Faso – a utopia resulting from a mythical understanding of technology. After the presentation of the context of the research, (Chapter 1), the second chapter offers a review of the relevant literature and the theoretical approaches underpinning the research. Chapter 3 explains the methodology. The final chapter presents the results of the analysis, combining data from direct observation, official texts and interviews (25) with educators and politicians
Triaud, Jean-Louis. "Les relations entre la France et la Sanûsiyya (1840-1930) : histoire d'une mythologie coloniale, découverte d'une confrérie saharienne." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070031.
Full textThis study draws from three different spheres : islamic history, african history, and colonial history. At the center is the muslim brotherhood which appeared in mecca about 1837 and which bears the name Sanûsiyya, after its founder Muhammad Al-Sanusi, an algerian born near Mostaganem in 1787. The brotherhood, at first, was a missionary organization which preached islam to the most impoverished nomads and created zawiya-s (lodges) in inhospitable lands. After 1900, the movement organized a determined resistance against the colonial powers, France and Italy in particular. By a careful use of arabic sources and attention to the internal coherence, changing strategies and different social functions, the author seeks to explain this veritable "multinational" islamic society in which indigenous people of the Maghreb, the Hijaz, and some Sudanic countries, worked side by side. No other brotherhood was ever the object of such intense and enduring hostility from the french administration and popularizers. The fear of Sanûsiyya, the denunciation and finally the open struggle against this brotherhood have created a special chapter of colonial history. The author has looked for the reasons behind such a treatment. Finally, the sanusiyya, although launched in mecca, belongs to african history. In the period of the greatest expansion, it involved all of the central and eastern Sahara, from the Nile to the Ajjer, from southern Tunisia to lake Chad. The author has consistently featured the subsaharan
Batina, Jean de Dieu. "Une nouvelle approche du développement économique des pays d'Afrique noire au regard du modèle des pays du sud-est asiatique." Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020035.
Full textDiabone, Clédor. "Pratiques et modes de résolution des conflits chez les immigrants subsahariens établis à Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28298.
Full textThe focus of this research study are the interpersonal methods of family conflict management in sub-Saharan immigrant families living in Quebec. It looks at how sub-Saharan African immigrants deal with family conflicts and examines the justifications for the choices that they make in the process. The goal is to gain knowledge of the conflict management practices and methods used by sub-Saharan immigrants living in the Quebec region. For this purpose, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of ten participants (n=10) including three women, one young woman, four men, and two young men. The results obtained indicate that sub-Saharans tend to prioritize ways of dealing with family conflicts that are used in their countries of origin. In matters of family conflict, they refer to four levels of resolution involving the immediate family, the extended family, community leaders, and, only as a last resort, government services. The choice of these management methods seems to show that sub-Saharans apply within a Western cultural context the traditional methods of conflict resolution that are practiced in their countries of origin. This can be damaging to family dynamics because it may generate cultural conflict in addition to the existing family dissensions. Keywords: immigration – sub – saharians – familiy conflicts – social ecology.
Diallo, Amadou. "Investir en afrique : le point de vue des entreprises chinoises : le cas du Mali." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU2004/document.
Full textThis research aims to improve our understanding of the entry strategies of Chinese enterprises in Africa from the perspective of Chinese enterprises. Literature in international strategy emphasizes the need for choosing a specific context of the study thereof. However, the perception of Chinese entrepreneurs in terms of when investing in Africa is virtually nonexistent in the literature. This thesis attempts to illuminate the different implementation strategies of Chinese enterprises in the African context. The implementation of these companies on the continent is she smart for their growth? How do they adapt to expanding their geographic scope and manage the physical distance, cultural, institutional and psychological that separates them from their potential partners? To do this, we conducted a research approach in three steps : The first phase devoted to information retrieval and exploration of Chinese enterprises in Mali. This to be the literature of our research. A second empirical phase was conducted on the basis of a questionnaire with 18 Chinese companies alike. A phase descriptive / prescriptive has extended the response to our research problem by proposing a cross-sectional analysis of the different cases studied. This research demonstrates the importance of the perception of Chinese entrepreneurs to better understand the implementation process of Chinese enterprises in Africa and especially in Mali
Bundu, Malela Buata. "L'Homme pareil aux autres: stratégies et postures identitaires de l'écrivain afro-antillais à Paris, 1920-1960." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210803.
Full textPour ce faire, notre démarche s’articule en deux temps :(1) examiner les conditions de possibilité d’un champ littéraire afro-antillais à Paris (colonisation française et ses effets, configuration d’un champ littéraire pré-institutionnalisé, etc.) ;(2) analyser les processus de consolidation du champ, ainsi que les luttes internes qui opposent deux tendances émergentes représentées d’abord par Senghor et Césaire, ensuite par Beti et Glissant, dont les prises de position littéraires mettent en œuvre des « modèles empiriques » ;ceux-ci régulent et unifient leurs rapports au monde et à l’Afrique.
This study relates to afro-carribean literature in colonial period (1920-1960). We want to examine the strategies of agents like René Maran, Léopold Sédar Senghor, Aimé Césaire, Édouard Glissant and Mongo Beti ;and we want to understand how they invente literary and social identity.
Our approach is structured in two steps: we shall analyse (1) the conditions for an afro-carribean literary field to appear in Paris (french colonialism and its consequences, configuration of literay field.) ;(2) the consolidation of this field and the internal struggles between two tendances represented by Senghor and Césaire, by Glissant and Beti whose literary practice shows the “empirical model” that regularizes and consolidates their relation with the world and Africa.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation langue et littérature
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ali, Farah Omar. "La France, la Communauté économique européenne et l’Afrique subsaharienne, de la Convention de Yaoundé (juillet 1963) à la Convention de Lomé 1 (février 1975)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20011/document.
Full textFrance has obtained from its partners the inclusion of the overseas territories in the Treaty of Rome which established the EEC. The goal was to maintain relations between the mainlands and the former colonies in a new context during the decolonisation.Between 1958 and 1963, the Six experienced a partnership system with third countries, particularly the African and Malgach Associated States (AMAS) which allowed to maintain particular economic ties with these sovereign states on behalf of development aid. The July 1963 Convention of Yaounde marked the will of the Six to institutionalise and coordinate their relations with African and Malgache third countries and laying the foundations of cooperation policy, consolidated by the renewal of this convention. On the commercial level, These agreements were based on mutual preferencial tariffs and quotas and financial and technical assistance.At the end of a decade of association, the development aid assessement was very poor, except for the field of education and training where an increase in schooling was witnessed in most of the AMAS, but in terms of economy, results were insignificant: the preferences they benefited from gradually decreased into little, They still remained very dependent and heavily indebted. Their economy was still based on the export of tropical products and mining and the very unbalanced terms of trade
Reis, Raissa Brescia dos. "África imaginada : história intelectual, pan-africanismo, nação e unidade africana na “Présence Africaine” (1947-1966)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30072.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of the journal Présence Africaine from its creation in 1947 until the second half of the 1960s. The ruptures and internal permanences of the journal, as well as its insertion in a political, social and cultural West African context of transformation, are thought through the analysis of articles, editorials and correspondence exchanged in the period. The years selected for this research, the post-World War II scenario, were marked by many changes. This is the context in which Présence Africaine was constructed, in consonance with the West African intelligentsia of French expression and the establishment of legitimized intellectual discourses, practices and activities denominated as "African". In this scenario, the imbricated relation between intellectual and political elites was increasingly evident. In those years, the magazine's initial program of insertion of Black cultures in modernity, criticized as excluding and eurocentric, is enriched and gained new dimensions, strengthened by the creation of Société Africaine de Culture in 1956, which insert the cultural production directly into the games of force and disputes over the future of Africa. At this situation, the appropriation of the language and practices of International Relations and the creation and naming of the said Third World, for which the Bandung Conference in 1955 emerged as an important mark, were central to the paths and negotiations that the magazine and institution traced. As a periodical thought as a vehicle and a point of mobilization for cultural and political action, Présence Africaine is a rich source to understanding, in its complexity, the currents of West African political thought that circulated during the critical moment of 1950s and 1960s. Accordingly, the proposals for the future of the continent, between autonomy, independence and African unity, the revue’s adherence to projects for national construction and, at the same time, its insertion in international solidarity movements such as Pan-Africanism, can be traced and mapped as central debates within the publication. These topics became decisive for the construction of a narrative on Présence Africaine and on a whole generation of French-speaking West African intellectuals and politicians
Esta tese tem como perspectiva central o estudo da revista Présence Africaine a partir de sua criação, em 1947, até a segunda metade da década de 1960. Rupturas e permanências internas ao periódico, assim como sua inserção em um contexto político, social, cultural e intelectual oeste-africano em transformação, são pensadas por meio da análise de artigos, editoriais e correspondências trocadas no período. Os anos selecionados para a pesquisa, no pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial, foram marcados por muitas mudanças. É nesse cenário que a Présence Africaine se constrói, em consonância com a intelectualidade oeste-africana de expressão francesa e o estabelecimento de discursos e de práticas legitimadas enquanto atividades intelectuais nomeadas como “africanas” nas quais a imbricada relação entre elite intelectual e política se torna cada vez mais evidente. Nesses anos, o programa inicial da revista, de inserção das culturas negras na modernidade, criticada como excludente e eurocêntrica, é enriquecido e ganha novas dimensões. Essa reconfiguração foi fortalecida pela criação da Société Africaine de Culture, em 1956, que inseriu a Présence Africaine diretamente nos jogos de força e nas disputas em torno do futuro para a África. Nessa conjuntura, a apropriação da linguagem e das práticas das Relações Internacionais e a criação e nomeação do dito Terceiro Mundo, sendo a Conferência de Bandung, em 1955, um importante marco, foram centrais para os caminhos e negociações que a revista e instituição traçou. Enquanto um periódico pensado como veículo e ponto de mobilização e de ação cultural e política, a Présence Africaine é uma rica fonte para entender, em sua complexidade, as correntes do pensamento político oeste-africano que circulavam durante o momento crítico das décadas de 1950 e 1960. Dessa forma, propostas para o futuro do continente, entre autonomia, independência e unidade africana, sua adesão a projetos para a construção nacional e, ao mesmo tempo, sua inserção em movimentos de solidariedade internacional, como o pan-africanismo e o terceiro-mundismo, podem ser temáticas rastreadas e mapeadas como debates centrais no interior da publicação. Esses tópicos se tornam decisivos para a construção de uma narrativa sobre a Présence Africaine e toda uma geração de intelectuais e políticos oeste-africanos de expressão francesa
Etcheu, Jeannette. "L'efficacite des PME camerounaises par la formation professionnelle des cadres : une approche culturelle." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10035.
Full textThe object of this thesis is to give an account of the importance of the professional training of the managers of the small and medium-size companies (PME) in the explanation of the organisational effectiveness.Research is put in perspective in a context characterized by heterogeneity of the leaders according to their practice of management and their cultural origin. In this particular cultural context, which is Cameroun, the urgency of training, in particular vocational, is notable not only for the company which initiates it but also for the employee who profits from it. The approach by the management of the formation based on the culture and, more precisely the approach of the cultural contingency was mobilized. This one offers, indeed, a frame of reference for better explaining the effectiveness of SME by the training.Studies of 4 cases of SME, supplemented by that of 41 questionnaires at SME, were undertaken. Their results show the existence of the factors not only of a managerial and Community nature, but they reveal also a model with two dimensions of culture, explaining the organisational effectiveness: an individualistic dimension and a dimension collectivist. The first dimension, relating to the Bamileke group, privileges the capacity of the employees to the training and the second dimension, inherent in the Sawa-Pahouin group, appreciates the improvement of competences of the employees.This thesis shows that, more the owner-leader of SME a behaviour collectivist has, more it tends to improve competences of its framework-employees
Adjati, Toussaint. "La papauté face à l'independance de l'Afrique : cas du Benin et du Senegal 1955-1965." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0046.
Full textThe papacy did not remain on the sidelines of the African decolonization. Indeed, considering that people overseas are mature enough for independence, she has found, despite the fact that it is not politics, the courage to contribute to the advent of independence African it also supported by numerous direct and indirect actions of years virtually all economic and social policy areas and cultural. But today, 50 years later, look how she deals with this African independence
Mireault, Ghislain. "Considérations économiques et décolonisation en Afrique subsaharienne, 1956-1960 : la perception des dirigeants français." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16802.
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