Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Afrique subsaharienne – Relations extérieures – 1960-'
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Omballa, Magelan. "La politique africaine de la France a l'épreuve de l'alternance : mai 1981 - mai 1995." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100012.
Full textAtangana, Kouna Basile. "La politique extérieure de la Libye en Afrique subsaharienne : 1969-1985." Paris 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA020010.
Full textThe sub-saharan policy of the libyan revolution is characterised principally by : a steadfast search to maximise its influence ; the will to increase its territory and the defence of islam. In its light, libya provides economic and financial aid to sub-saharan countries and uses oil especially to gain their sympathy so as to isolate the jewish state. Furthemore, in order to achieve its objective of political expansion in black africa, libya is aming itself with ultra-modem weapons and has adopted various strategies, the main components of which are : the struggle against both westem imperialism and zionism ; the evocation of ethnic and religious considerations and the will to rally all sahelosaharan states into one entity. However, the countries most concerned by the above strategies are those libya considers as "priority targets". They include chad, burkina faso, uganda and niger. Consequently, apart from a few exceptions, these different strategies have as a common trait the fact that they fall within the framework of a struggle carried out south of the sahara against french influence, and aimed at forging a relationship of "competitive partnership" with france. This study demonstrates that the libyan drive in africa south of the sahara is meant in great part to atone for the many failures colonel kadhafi's panarabic policy has suffered. Yet, the imperialistic goals of the head of the libyan revolution did not take long to surface in black africa. This situation immediatly had the following consequences : increased isolation of libya ; greater foreign military presence in africa and proliferation of armed conflicts
Migani, Guia. "La Francia e l'Africa sub-sahariana, 1957-1963 : storia di una decolonizzazione fra ideali eurafricani e politica di potenza." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0021.
Full textIstasse-Moussinga, Cécile-Marie. "L'Afrique noire dans les relations franco-britanniques de 1940 à 1950." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040175.
Full textAt the beginning of the franco-british relations in black Africa, there was the process of their establishment on the African continent. Until the Second World War, the relations between France and Great Britain were impressed by distrust. . In 1940, the franco-german armistice led to the division of France and its empire. The, Great Britain had to deal with the hostility of the Vichy government in French West Africa and French Somaliland. Meanwhile, in French Equatorial Africa, the government of London established a war collaboration with free France. 1942 marked the end of this ambiguous cohabitation. France and Great Britain were then to undertake a colonial collaboration marked by the new ideological and political influences. Until 1950, the two countries had to fight against these anti-colonial influences by elaborating a common policy to oppose to the United Nations. They also tried to overcome african nationalism by giving little autonomy to their colonies. Although France and Great Britain had recognised that the colonial collaboration was a necessity, they did not prevent some failures due to the realities of their colonial administration systems
Durpaire, François. "Les Etats-Unis et la décolonisation de l'Afrique noire francophone : 1945-1962." Paris 1, 2004. https://eu02.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/uresolver/33PUDB_IEP/openurl?u.ignore_date_coverage=true&portfolio_pid=5364073170004675&Force_direct=true.
Full textNoah, Henri-Marcel. "L'action internationale stratégique de la Libye en Afrique noire, 1969-1990." Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR1D021.
Full textLibyan is considerated as a power whose strength is symbolised by a capacity to control its internal structures, and to act through a dual structure: oney and arms acquired through exchange with the west. The libyan system reveals a paradox powered by financial resources out of proportion to its human resources. Libyan behaves as a micro-etat prospecting for resources to develop in correspondence with its "wishedfor" strength. Gaddafi therefore defines the principles of his strategic conduct as a set of actions, towards the international system as a conquiering authority, vis-a vis the africans he tries to dominate or defeat through weakening or destroying them. He tries to manipulate africans who, in turn, show their flexibility towards the libyan offers. Gaddafi, by his agitations, creates a spectable in opposing the west, from france to united states: by defying the usa and by irritating france, he demonstrates his capacity for nuissance. Meanwhile, western powers are usinghim to show africans that they can help reduce libya's capacity to project its power externally; and africans use gaddafi to pressurise western powers, and vice versa. Gaddafi thus becomes a manipulator manipulated. He appears capable of structuring his internal system but, this internal liberty is not reflected externally. Hence his external failures. Li bya possesses a form of power that does not permit it to compel other actors to do what they wouldnot otherweise have done
Bugwabari, Nicodème. "La politique subsaharienne du Maroc de 1956 à 1984." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010584.
Full textMoroccan southern Saharan policy from 1956 to 1984. From 1956 to 1984, Moroccan southern saharan policy was facing tribulations related to territorial claims. The Moroccan successive governments tried to find simple ways to withstand these demands from the southern saharan region ; our study covers three periods : in the first part, we show that history of the almoravides and the saadians constitued a historical reference for the Moroccan political elite who used it to legitimate their territorial claims, particularly in Mauritania and the western Sahara. In the second part, we analyse how the Mauritanian question contributed in the reinforcement of interafrican divisions between the moderates and the progressists through the groups known as groups from Brazzaville, Monrovia and Casablanca. We study the Moroccan intervention in the 1960's Katangese crisis. The Mauritanian question influenced the elaboration of the OAU charter 1963, as far as the principle of the inviolability of inherited colonial borders is concerned. The third part examines, among other things, the Moroccan seducing policy towards southern saharan moderate countries in order to gain their support in the western saharan crisis. Morocco wants to appear as the leader of moderate African countries, capable to assure their security against "the danger of communism". That is the reason of its two military interventions in Zaïre in 1977-1978. However, Morocco failed in the saharan affair for three reasons : - the southern saharan countries wish to preserve the existence of the oau. - the disappointment of the moderates in regard to the oujda treaty. - and lastly because of the limits of its diplomatic implantation and its cooperation in the southern sahara
DesRoches, Christian. "The burdens of a world power : the Eisenhower administration and decolonisation in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1955-1960." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57857.pdf.
Full textZoungni, Fiacre, and Fiacre Zoungni. "Comprendre les (non) interventions militaires de la France en Afrique subsaharienne à l'aide de la théorie cohabitationniste." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37735.
Full textMalgré la fin de la colonisation dans les années 1960 en Afrique, la France est demeurée présente sur le continent par le biais de plusieurs accords et conventions signés avec ses anciennes colonies afin d’établir des coopérations dans plusieurs domaines (économique, monétaire, politique, culturel, défense). Grâce à une politique militaire particulière, la France intervient militairement dans plusieurs conflits civils en Afrique subsaharienne. Dans le même temps, elle se refuse parfois à intervenir dans d’autres. La problématique de cette recherche est d’expliquer les raisons pour lesquelles la France intervient militairement dans certains conflits civils en Afrique subsaharienne et pourquoi elle se refuse à intervenir dans d’autres. Pour résoudre cette énigme, cette thèse développe la théorie de la cohabitation ou la théorie cohabitationniste basée sur le principe transactionnel de la délégation du pouvoir développé par les néo-institutionnalistes du choix rationnel qui vise à évaluer la performance démocratique des régimes politiques. Cette théorie, composée de deux modèles, affirme qu’à cause des contraintes institutionnelles et politiques qui naissent durant les périodes de cohabitation, il est difficile pour un gouvernement français d’initier une intervention militaire en Afrique subsaharienne. Cette situation, propre aux régimes semi-présidentiels, explique certains refus de la France à intervenir militairement dans certains conflits civils. Par contre, en période de gouvernement unifié, il est plus aisé de déclencher une intervention militaire puisqu’il y a une cohérence et une concordance des politiques gouvernementale et présidentielle. De façon empirique, nous avons démontré que le refus de la France à intervenir en Côte d’Ivoire en 1999 après le coup d’État militaire, en République Centrafricaine après les mutineries de 1998 et 2001, était en substance lié au conflit institutionnel engendré par la troisième cohabitation (1997 – 2002). Durant cette période, nous avons noté qu’en dépit du fait que plusieurs questions écrites aient été envoyées au gouvernement par des parlementaires français pour connaitre l’attitude de la France par rapport à ces instabilités politiques, l’option d’une intervention militaire n’a pas été retenue. En revanche, après les élections présidentielles des 21 avril et 5 mai 2002 et les élections législatives des 9 et 16 juin 2002, la France a amorcé une nouvelle ère de gouvernement unifié. C’est durant cette période que le gouvernement français a pu initier l’Opération Licorne en envoyant des troupes armées en Côte d’Ivoire en 2002 et l’Opération Boali en 2003 en République Centrafricaine.
Despite the end of colonization in the 1960s in Africa, France remained present on the continent through several agreements and conventions signed with its former colonies in order to establish cooperation in several fields (economic, monetary, political, cultural, defense). Thanks to a particular military policy, France intervenes militarily in several civil conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa. At the same time, it sometimes refuses to intervene in others. The problematic of this research is to explain the reasons why France intervenes militarily in certain civil conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa and why it refuses to intervene in others. To solve this enigma, this thesis develops the theory of cohabitation or cohabitationist theory based on the transactional principle of the delegation of power developed by the neoinstitutionalist rational choice that aims to assess the democratic performance of political regimes. This theory, composed of two models, states that because of the institutional and political constraints that arise during periods of cohabitation, it is difficult for a French government to initiate a military intervention in sub-Saharan Africa. This situation, peculiar to the semi-presidential regimes, explains France's refusal to intervene militarily in certain civil conflicts. On the other hand, in times of unified government, it is easier to trigger a military intervention since there is a coherence and a concordance of government and presidential policies. Empirically, we have shown that the refusal of France to intervene in Côte d'Ivoire in 1999 after the military coup and in the Central African Republic after the mutinies of 1998 and 2001, was in essence linked to the institutional conflict engendered by the third cohabitation (1997 - 2002). During this period, we noted that despite the fact that several written questions were sent to the government by French parliamentarians to know the attitude of France with regard to these political instabilities, the option of a military intervention was not selected. On the other hand, after the presidential elections of 21 April and 5 May 2002 and the legislative elections of 9 and 16 June 2002, France has entered a new era of unified government. It was during this period that the French government was able to initiate Operation Licorne by sending armed troops to Côte d'Ivoire in 2002 and Operation Boali in 2003 to the Central African Republic.
Despite the end of colonization in the 1960s in Africa, France remained present on the continent through several agreements and conventions signed with its former colonies in order to establish cooperation in several fields (economic, monetary, political, cultural, defense). Thanks to a particular military policy, France intervenes militarily in several civil conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa. At the same time, it sometimes refuses to intervene in others. The problematic of this research is to explain the reasons why France intervenes militarily in certain civil conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa and why it refuses to intervene in others. To solve this enigma, this thesis develops the theory of cohabitation or cohabitationist theory based on the transactional principle of the delegation of power developed by the neoinstitutionalist rational choice that aims to assess the democratic performance of political regimes. This theory, composed of two models, states that because of the institutional and political constraints that arise during periods of cohabitation, it is difficult for a French government to initiate a military intervention in sub-Saharan Africa. This situation, peculiar to the semi-presidential regimes, explains France's refusal to intervene militarily in certain civil conflicts. On the other hand, in times of unified government, it is easier to trigger a military intervention since there is a coherence and a concordance of government and presidential policies. Empirically, we have shown that the refusal of France to intervene in Côte d'Ivoire in 1999 after the military coup and in the Central African Republic after the mutinies of 1998 and 2001, was in essence linked to the institutional conflict engendered by the third cohabitation (1997 - 2002). During this period, we noted that despite the fact that several written questions were sent to the government by French parliamentarians to know the attitude of France with regard to these political instabilities, the option of a military intervention was not selected. On the other hand, after the presidential elections of 21 April and 5 May 2002 and the legislative elections of 9 and 16 June 2002, France has entered a new era of unified government. It was during this period that the French government was able to initiate Operation Licorne by sending armed troops to Côte d'Ivoire in 2002 and Operation Boali in 2003 to the Central African Republic.
Kasse, Maguèye. "Les relations culturelles entre la RFA et l'Afrique subsaharienne (1949-1980) : leur place dans la politique extérieure de la République fédérale." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA080915.
Full textThe federal germany's foreign policy as applied to developing countries and specifically to the countries of sub-saharan africa gives no special place to cultural relations as such. Whether it is expressed in the general framework of development aid, or in that of training aid, "cultural aid for self-help" and its many guises, the record is generally unsatisfactory and necessitates repeated attempts at conceptualisation. Although this conceptualisation integrates various aspects of a shared demand for a new and more just world economic order, it nevertheless shows the limitations inherent in the very nature of cultural relations
Hanana, Chouk Imen. "Les rivalités coloniales germano-britanniques en Afrique noire entre les deux guerres : l'exemple de l'Afrique orientale et australe." Paris 12, 2004. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003947770204611&vid=upec.
Full textThe main topic of this research forms a survey upon the Anglo-German colonial rivalries in thec Dark Continent during the interwar period. Our research takes East and South Africa as concrete examples reflecting the Anglo-German colonial antagonism. The novelty of the analysis lies in the fact of binding the aspects of Anglo-German colonial rivalries to the framework of the European scramble for Africa and tue partition of ils colonies. During the interwar period. Tue terntories extending ivithout a break south of the Sahara were the scene of international political struggies and rivairies. The crucial problematic questions of this research concern the consequences of imperial rivalries between two European powers, Great Britain and Germany. In a period of great economic and political troubles resulting from the First World War. In a sense. The German colonial claims of the interwar period and the British response to them may be seen as the continuation of Anglo German colonial rivalry. This study tries to reveal the polilical. Economic and strategic considerations of these paradoxical diplomatic relationships. How can we interpret the option of resohing colonial rivalry by the appeasement policy of the thirties ? The answers to those questions would be useful to understand to which extent the debate over colonial revision influenced many of the assumptions held in Britain and Germany about the future of Africa, and of colonial rule in general. Thus illuminating differences and parallels between British and German thinkings on these matters
Ali, Farah Omar. "La France, la Communauté économique européenne et l’Afrique subsaharienne, de la Convention de Yaoundé (juillet 1963) à la Convention de Lomé 1 (février 1975)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20011/document.
Full textFrance has obtained from its partners the inclusion of the overseas territories in the Treaty of Rome which established the EEC. The goal was to maintain relations between the mainlands and the former colonies in a new context during the decolonisation.Between 1958 and 1963, the Six experienced a partnership system with third countries, particularly the African and Malgach Associated States (AMAS) which allowed to maintain particular economic ties with these sovereign states on behalf of development aid. The July 1963 Convention of Yaounde marked the will of the Six to institutionalise and coordinate their relations with African and Malgache third countries and laying the foundations of cooperation policy, consolidated by the renewal of this convention. On the commercial level, These agreements were based on mutual preferencial tariffs and quotas and financial and technical assistance.At the end of a decade of association, the development aid assessement was very poor, except for the field of education and training where an increase in schooling was witnessed in most of the AMAS, but in terms of economy, results were insignificant: the preferences they benefited from gradually decreased into little, They still remained very dependent and heavily indebted. Their economy was still based on the export of tropical products and mining and the very unbalanced terms of trade
Adjati, Toussaint. "La papauté face à l'independance de l'Afrique : cas du Benin et du Senegal 1955-1965." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0046.
Full textThe papacy did not remain on the sidelines of the African decolonization. Indeed, considering that people overseas are mature enough for independence, she has found, despite the fact that it is not politics, the courage to contribute to the advent of independence African it also supported by numerous direct and indirect actions of years virtually all economic and social policy areas and cultural. But today, 50 years later, look how she deals with this African independence
Gadenne, Lucie. "Trois essais sur les finances publiques dans les pays en voie de développement." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0047.
Full textThe first chapter uses a novel panel dataset of tax revenues and government expenditures in developing countries to investigate wether countries are able to recover the lost tariff revenues due to trade liberalization through other taxes. We use the intuition that pre-existing tax capacity is needed to levy domestic taxes to explain theoretically why some countries are unable to recover all tax revenues lost from lovering tariffs. We provide some empirical evidence in line with the model's predictions. The second chapter documents cyclical patterns of government expenditures in sub-Saharan Africa since 1970 and explains variation between countries and over time. We find some evidence that procyclicality in Africa has declined in recent years after a period of high procyclicality during the 1980s and 1990s. The final chapter shows that local governments are more accountable when a larger of their resource comes from local taxes. I compare how local governments in Brazil spend increases in tax and transfer revenues and find that an increase in local tax revenues leads to a bigger increase in local public services (health and education) than an increase in transfers of the same amount. Moreover extra transfer revenues lead to more corruption, extra tax revenues do not
Boudribila, Saadia. "Le Maroc et l'Afrique noire : les obstacles à une bonne coopération entre le Maroc et l'Afrique noire." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010258.
Full textFor the maroccans responsibles, the africain vocation of morocco is indisputable. Several elements corroborate this idea (geographical proximity, historicals bonds, politicals, culturals, religious affinities. With many countries of this continent. On the other hand, all authors who approach this subject, think that: marocco has no africain policy. For my part, I think that this vocation has been diverted to the west and in the less degree to the Arab and Moslem world. In africa, first, african's hostility is the multilaterals rapports characteristic : the Africans opposed to the all maroccans arguments about differents territorials demands. Second : Marocco practice the facade diplomacy in the bilateral cooperation. In short, as long as these problems subsist, the relations bet ween marocco and africa couldn't be ameliored. Nevertheless, they can be attenuated by an effort of political will
Yamassoum, Nagoum. "Contribution à l'étude des stratégies et techniques d'influence des États-Unis et de l'Union soviétique en Afrique sub-saharienne." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR1D002.
Full textThe amplification of soviet and american commitments and strategies of control has turned africa into one of their privileged battlegrounds where a revived "condominium" is to be consecrated. After the miscalculation of the potential for revolution in africa, the U. S. S. R. Had to forgo its revolutionary proselytism and alternative model; in instead, the U. S. S. R. Has to suggest an atypical way based on ideological substitues, and to carry out a power policy centered on presence and on support for groups waving the communist banner in their struggles. Divided between their ideals and own interests as well as those of their allies, the U. S. A. Have confined themselves to a sort of "firebreak" strategy drawn from containment. Differing in their foudations and objectives but similar by their approaches and use of levers, these strategies which are often more empirical than formulated are furthered by the convergence of political and military interests an well as by the instability which is in fact the primary limiting element of foreign influences
Koungou, Léon. "Technicisation et réformes des politiques étatiques de défense du monde contemporain : adaptation de l'institution militaire et perspective stratégique en Afrique subsaharienne (Cameroun-Nigeria)." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010339.
Full textSabeur, Cherif Khaled. "Le Maghreb dans les relations extérieures du Sénégal (1960-1980)." Paris, INALCO, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INALA001.
Full textDembele, Aminata. "L'endettement de l' Afrique subsaharienne : spécificité et diversité : réflexions à partir de "la décennie perdue" 1980." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOD010.
Full textAfter period the 80s what was called "the lost decade" when it was one of the major preoccupations of the countries both creditors and debtors, the them of external indebtedness of developing countries seems nowadays to be obsolete. The whole series of indicators show. S yet that it is still the major issue at least for some developing countries mainly sub-Saharan Africa. Though, the less indebted area according to official statistics (the share of this area is less than the tenth of the total debt of the whole of developing countries), sub-Saharan Africa includes most of least developed countries, in such state of poverty, they are unable to service even a relatively modest debt. The burden of that indebtedness, caused by internal factors susceptible of infringing upon their sovereignty of concerned states, worsen their structural difficulties and bridle their development. By conforming to impose measures of structural adjustment programs supposed to allow them to recover their capacity of servicing their debt, many sub-Saharan states had from the start the 80s, to curtail their expenses even those concerning the social sectors. The inability of common people to provide for those basic needs when the government does not, has increased their impoverishment. It seems necessary to go a step further to make one more step by proposing new solutions of reducing the debt based on a juridical approach contesting the legitimacy of certain debts or modifying the ways to service them. More fundamentally, it is mainly by looking at the external debt as a social debt towards the African peoples, that it will be possible to find a way to solve the indebtedness problem so that it will no more be an obstacle to the development but on the contrary a means of fulfilling the demands of that development
Gnanguênon, Amandine. "La gestion des "systèmes de conflits" en Afrique subsaharienne : concept et pratique d'un multilatéralisme régionalisé." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF10313.
Full textSometimes characterized as a political environment in total transformation, Africa is an unavoidable laboratory for the study of war. Beyond national boundaries, regions become a space where we can observe the increasing interdependence between the states and the other actors who contest national authority and legitimacy. The relationship between political leaders and non-state actors can be largely integrated into the formation of "conflict systems". We define these systems as cross-border and sociopolitical spaces within which social representations interfere with political stakes. Region building can therefore be perceived as a way of understanding the change of political spaces. As regards the spread of national disorder, regional order can be an effective way for the states to protect their interests. With the development of a security regionalism, region seems to be a logical and effective space for the strategy of states who seek to reinvest their security capabilities. The re-emergence of the African regional organizations appears to be linked to the current talk about "African ownership". Since 2002, this perspective has seen its realization in the creation of the African peace and security architecture, supported by the United Nations and the European Union. Today, regionalised multilateralism has an impact on the sense and execution of conflict resolution policies. These policies efficiency depends on the coherent integration of security-related public policies at the regional level. Africa remains a good example a place to study the region both as a conflict and cooperation space. While not specific to Africa alone, region building is linked to various degrees of use and ownership by the actors involved
Oyono, Dieudonné. "La politique africaine du Cameroun, 1960-1985." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988IEPP0015.
Full textM've, Gaëlle. "Migrations des Africains subsahariens vers l'Espagne (1985-2008)." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20016.
Full textFor so long Spain had been a country of emigration but since the 1990s it has become one of the favourite destinations of Sub-Saharan Africans. Senegalese, Malians, Congolese, Central Africans, Nigerians, Ghanaians, Guineans, Ivoirians and so forth undertake the journey by “patera” or “cayuco” in order to reach the Spanish borders via various itineraries among which Morocco remains the main transit country. Since Spain was not prepared for permanent settlement of foreigners on its territory, between 1985 and 2008, the country had to start adapting its legislation to the new realities related to this phenomenon. With the "Ley de Extranjería" of 1985, Spain regulates the stay of foreigners and with the Organic Law 4/2000 social integration of foreigners is addressed for the first time even though in its implementation, the PP and PSOE have slightly different policies. As far as the PP is concerned, it is a policy focusing on security issues and tightened border controls, whereas the PSOE focuses on the rights and welfare of migrants already living in Spain. The adoption of the "Africa" plan (2006-2008) heralds a new diplomatic perspective of Spain in Africa. Moreover, NGOs, associations and even the Spanish government are committed, each in its field of competence, to the process of integration of black Africans in Spain. Nowadays, this phenomenon puts Spain in partnership with Africa in the economic, social, and political fields
Al, Zarzur Giuma Miloud Mohamed. "Pour une nouvelle approche de la coopération afro-arabe." Perpignan, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PERP0669.
Full textLikoku, Christophe-Claude Bekoj'Aoluwa. "Les interventions militaires en Afrique au sud du Sahara de 1960 à 1996." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX32021.
Full textAfter more than thirthy years of independence, the black african continent remains the stage of many conflits. These conflicts are interesting not only because the are numerous, but also because the have various causes and differents actors involved, who have laid down the legal grounds for the african societies. If in the first years of the conflicts, protecting the states were the man concern for military operations, this concern has been underminded. Nowadays, we are moving toward a humanitarian aid which aims at securing civilians and nationals of certain countries cas well as non nationals being threantened for their life in troubled areas. Today, there is a new pratice : militarisation of humanitariand aid
Ebondza, Fidele William. "La politique soviétique en Afrique centrale : 1960-1992 : contibution à l'étude de l'action extérieure des grands puissances." Lyon 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO33036.
Full textWang, Yun Wen. "L'évolution de la diplomatie de la République populaire de Chine en Afrique : contribution à l'étude des processus décisionnels et des stratégies d'influence." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010326.
Full textElhajidb, Mohamed. "Les rapports arabo-africains : de la solidarité politique à la coopération institutionnelle (un exemple de coopération Sud-Sud) 1960-1984." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10030.
Full textRossignol, Raphaël. "Dimensions stratégiques et sécuritaires de I'exploitation des ressources naturelles d'Afrique subsaharienne par la Chine." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0140.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to consider the economic and political relations between China and sub-Saharan Africa to the extent that they involve security issues. The selected angle is used to link three perspectives, starting from a classical approach measuring the real importance and describing the mechanisms of China-Africa economic relations. Then follows a more detailed discussion about the terms of the exploitation of African natural resources by Chinese publicly owned companies. Finally ensues an analysis of the role played by those of these Chinese enterprises that work in the defense industry at large. This thesis examines how China deploys strategic thinking around the competition between Beijing and the Western powers for the operation and control of African natural resources. In this context, the risks faced by Chinese companies are represented as well by the political instability of some of the countries where they operate, and by the interventions of foreign powers in these conflicts to protect competing interests of those in Beijing. These conflicts are indeed likely to break Chinese supplies to prevent Chinese companies to operate and even to overthrow or weaken political allies of Beijing. To counter those risks, China is increasing its military commitment to the continent by selling its trading partners defenses in the form of weapons and military training. These exchanges involve the Chinese defense industries, which are also conglomerates operating in the exploitation of natural resources. These companies are therefore at the heart of this competition between China and the Western powers, as part of their activities (arms transfers) is expected to offset the destabilization caused by the other party (the exploitation of natural resources)
MEZIDI, BELKACEM. "Le maghreb dans les relations interafricaines." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010258.
Full textSince the early eighties, the international scene is confronted to more and more important economical and political changes. Conscious of the actual political and strategie states, the african states, in the frame of the lagos action plan (lap), foresee the promotion of inter-african relations, through cooperation and integration. Like the rest of the continent, the maghreb states constitue the a. M. U (arab maghreb union). But how can it help africa? are the conditions really favorable for the success of regional integration strategy. Before answering, we relate, in a first part, the evolution of the bilateral and multilateral relations of the maghreb states with the rest of the continent since independances until the birth of a. M. U. In the second part, we deal with appearance of a. M. U : reasons, structures and internal, external purposes. Among these priorities, we mention europ, mediterranee countries, but also and specially africa
Lazri, Mahfoud. "L'endettement extérieur des pays du tiers-monde : une approche comparative du phénomène entre l’Afrique subsaharienne et l'Amérique latine." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100127.
Full textThe subject we have dealt with is the problem of the external indebtedness of the third world's countries and more precisely of sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Through this phenomenon, we have tried to show the importance of the particular conditions of each country or each group of countries in the search of solutions to their problems. More precisely, we have tried to show how under the effect of difficulties appeared in international environment, a country reacts in order to fight against these difficulties. But we have particularly tried to underline the importance of economic structures which worsen or reduce these problems. Besides thanks to the phenomenon of the external indebtedness, we have tried to show how a country with economic, commercial and especially financial difficulties uses external means in order to put an end to this situation. However these temporary solutions only postpone the problems and crisis but cannot manage to avoid them or to solve them for good. Thus we have considered that the external indebtedness of the third world's countries has permitted to put off the effects of the economic crisis that these countries are living but has not permitted to avoid it
CAMARA, SALOUM MOHAM. "La mauritanie et le maghreb : evolution des relations de 1970 a 1989." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010283.
Full textMauritania, turning point state between black africa and white africa, had been admitted in the 70s as full member in the arabian maghreb. In this entirety, where unity comes under the field of illusion, mauritania to have a successful integration has to privilege the construction of a modern state and the valorization of bilateral relations. However, mauritania, because of its procnastication reinforced by the western sahara war, never had managed a self-governing foreign policy in relation to algeria an marocco
Seichepine, Annick. "Les exportations de l'Afrique subsaharienne face aux nouvelles règles du commerce international." Grenoble 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE21004.
Full textTshiyembe, Mwayila. "La problématique de la sécurité africaine dans la dialectique du conflit Est-OuestT." Nice, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NICE0036.
Full textMukato, Muzenga. "Les ambiguïtés de la coopération Union-Européenne-ACP : le cas de l'Afrique subsaharienne." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081491.
Full textAlmost forty years have elapsed since a framework for cooperation between the european union and the a. C. P. Countries was put in place. This initiative was aimed at assisting the a. C. P. Countries to meet development objectives several agreements of cooperation are going to be signed between the two partners : trade, financial, technical and industrial agreements. To make develop this cooperation, many conventions are going to follow each other, first from yaounde i until lome iv, reexamined in 1 995. Attemptes to evaluate the numerous cooperative agreements have shown that they have not been a great success. In examining africa area by area, we can conclude that nothing or very little has taken off. The majority of these african countries suffer from serious economic difficulties. Each on is affected in its turn high debt, economic dependancy, weak growth, drop in forcing investment, high unemployment and weak industrial development. All these indicators show that africa has not taken off as we had hoped. The question that we are interested in is to know why the cooperation e. U. -a. C. P. Has not yielded the expected result. What are the principal reasons about this failure ? in the final section we will examine the problem about the future of the cooperation because, for two years, another view of the north-south cooperation has just been mentioned as part of international relations. Today the world in a state of rapid change : the end of the cold war, economic globalisation and emergence of new development zones, and emergence of new development zones, regroupments in asia, latin america and central and eastern europe, at the same time, has witnessed last 10 years : the single market, economic and monetary union, the treaty of maastricht, the schengen accord, european enlargement and the treaty of amsterdam. Needless to admit this cooperation will involve notable changes in the relations of northsouth cooperation. It is in working through these numerous observations that we have been able to foccus our research on determiny the likely future of this cooperative framework beyard the year 2000. It is feasible to think that the cooperation will meet its objective given that the common interests between europe and africa no longer exist ?
Aba, Jean Daniel. "Les modalités d'élaboration de la politique africaine des États-Unis depuis la fin de la guerre froide." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010276.
Full textGaudreault, Francis. "Étude des investissements directs étrangers sud-africains et chinois en Afrique : Les préférences politiques et les implications idéologiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29436/29436.pdf.
Full textTomo, Gisèle. "Ressources naturelles et développement durable dans les économies subsahariennes : le rôle de l'Union Européenne." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0062/document.
Full textNatural resources are taken in the nature for, in the most of cases to improve the conditions of existence of the population. In Sub-Saharan Africa, economics are often dominated by the exploitation of these natural resources which contribute to the formation of the national wealth. This exploitation of natural resources should thus allow the improvement of the welfare of the present generations without compromising the possibility for the future generations to improve theirs. So natural resources should be exploited so that the heritage represented by the environment is not altered and so that the populations living thanks to these naturalresources see theirs conditions of existence improving today and in the future.The sustainable development is thus the way which must to guide the strategies ofdevelopment in Sub-Saharan economics which are generously endowed in natural resources. This one dresses a triple dimension, namely economic, social and ecological. It is thus important to examine the relation between natural resources and sustainable development because, indeed natural resources have to allow the populations to know a sustainable development. If certain countries indeed, although provided in natural resources did not bring, on examination of the indicators of development which are at the lowest, elements of sustainable development in the past and today, it is important to reverse the trend. It is as such that the strategies must be mobilized in Sub-Saharan Africa. The examination of the case of certain countries generously endowed in natural resources shows that these should be a source of endogenous growth to envisage a sustainabledevelopment. From then on the good governance, the best distribution of receipts stemming from natural resources and the contribution of the foreign partners are important. The European Union as partner and financer has a role so that the economics of Africa in the south of Sahara put themselves on the path of the sustainable development from their asset which lies in possession of natural resources. As such the financial cooperation among other has to give better results so that we can establish a relation between financing and sustainable development in Sub-Sahara Africa
Moundounga, Séraphin. "L'Union européenne et la paix en Afrique subsaharienne." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871641.
Full textTEMENIATI, ABDENBI. "Le maroc et l'afrique noire (1956-1984)." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081177.
Full textSince its independancein 1956 and until its retreat from the african union organisation in 1984, morocco makes objection to the inviolabity of frontiers. Morocco's relations with countries of black africa are, to a large extent, conditioned by the established word order "perfection of territorial integrity" which brings together monarchy and political parties from the mauritanian question to the thorny problem of occidental sahara
Omeonga-Onakudu, Jean. "Contribution à l'étude de la géopolitique du Zaïre dans sa diplomatie en Afrique centrale de 1965 à 1989 sous le parti-Etat." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA01A004.
Full textTriaud, Jean-Louis. "Les relations entre la France et la Sanûsiyya (1840-1930) : histoire d'une mythologie coloniale, découverte d'une confrérie saharienne." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070031.
Full textThis study draws from three different spheres : islamic history, african history, and colonial history. At the center is the muslim brotherhood which appeared in mecca about 1837 and which bears the name Sanûsiyya, after its founder Muhammad Al-Sanusi, an algerian born near Mostaganem in 1787. The brotherhood, at first, was a missionary organization which preached islam to the most impoverished nomads and created zawiya-s (lodges) in inhospitable lands. After 1900, the movement organized a determined resistance against the colonial powers, France and Italy in particular. By a careful use of arabic sources and attention to the internal coherence, changing strategies and different social functions, the author seeks to explain this veritable "multinational" islamic society in which indigenous people of the Maghreb, the Hijaz, and some Sudanic countries, worked side by side. No other brotherhood was ever the object of such intense and enduring hostility from the french administration and popularizers. The fear of Sanûsiyya, the denunciation and finally the open struggle against this brotherhood have created a special chapter of colonial history. The author has looked for the reasons behind such a treatment. Finally, the sanusiyya, although launched in mecca, belongs to african history. In the period of the greatest expansion, it involved all of the central and eastern Sahara, from the Nile to the Ajjer, from southern Tunisia to lake Chad. The author has consistently featured the subsaharan
Mbolo, Jean-Marie. "Une histoire socioculturelle des sociabilités corporelles et sportives des immigrés africains subsahariens en région bordelaise (1960-2010)." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR22024.
Full textWhile the question of "living together" is still a central issue in French society, this thesis recounts the creation in the Bordeaux region of social and professional sporting activities among sub-Saharan African immigrants in the post-colonial period. The dynamic of this activity has changed over time. While the 1960s were a relatively quiet period in this respect, several types of sociability based on many ethno-national, national, ethnic and generational interfaces have come to exist since the 1970s. The various projects for immigration associated with several types of immigration waves, together with the influence of transnational links between countries from which the immigrants came and France, primarily explain this historical trend. This research project adds to the French historiography of the subject under study. It shows that the logic of the community has a strong impact on sports and physical practices, with the exception of the descendants of the immigrants who tend to shun this tendency. The findings show that that the relationship between sport andimmigration is by no means linear but is subject to the complexity of contemporary migration flows and to the sustainable settlement of the populations involved
Sadio, Adama. "Conditionnalité politique de l'aide publique au développement des partenaires occidentaux à l'Afrique : analyse des actions francaises en Afrique subsaharienne." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR020/document.
Full textMade in against the international backdrop of democratization and aspiration for the freedom of sub-Saharan African peoples, the landmark decision of the La Baule summit of June 1990 was France's commitment to conditioning its ODA to the democratic efforts of sub-Saharan African countries. Paris took this decision with a view to: 1. Encouraging the democratic opening of African States as a prerequisite for peace and economic development.2. Defending and promoting values of liberal democracy that she considers universal. On the other hand, the flagrance of the relationship between democracy and development is relative. Cultural relativism often poses a problem to the principle of the universality of democratic values and human rights. Moreover, African potentates invoke cultural relativism to exonerate their bad democratic faith. Despite a trend towards the normalization of electoral processes on the continent, a lot of work is yet to be done to establish genuine Rule of Law in sub-Saharan Africa. As regards its implementation, France’s poltitical conditionnality strategy pursuing this objective in sub-Saharan Africa is not always true to the spirit of La Baule. The personalized state relations, the primacy of the geostrategic interests of France, etc., often get the upper hand over the democratic ideal of La Baule. France remains very present in sub-Saharan Africa where its multinationals are very strongly settled. France has a hold over the control levers of the economy through its multinationals like Bolloré, Orange and Areva. However, beyond this appearance, there is a regression of French influence on the continent. This decline is linked to endogenous dynamics such as national opinions and political leadership seemingly aware of the geostrategic stakes that now represent sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, there are exogenous dynamics, particularly related to the breakthrough of China, whose strategic orientation in its African policy undermines the effectiveness of France's political conditionality
Poilbout, Aurélien. "La stratégie française en Afrique pendant la Guerre froide : le rôle de l'armée de l'air, entre présence et interventions." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30073.
Full textSince the end of World War II and the subsequent end of colonialism, France has become the sole external power engaged in Africa to have preserved a permanent military presence in the sub-Saharan region. The French Air Force played a major role in the defense of African territories during the Cold War. As a military tool of French power, its actions have had to be regulated according to major political upheavals and regional crises. Having first served as a stabilising presence protecting the security of the French Union, it transformed itself into a post-colonial intervention force able to react in Africa both locally and from airbases in metropolitan France. The French Air Force has become one of the most important means available to France to uphold its obligations to its bilateral defense agreements with its former colonies against third party aggression. Nonetheless, the fragility of newly created African states has frequently called into question this new French military strategy for Africa. French air forces in the African theatre of operations must be capable of conducting crisis management at the local level, but also remain ready to conduct high-level warfare in the African theater of operations. The decision to permanently commit the French Air Force to the defense of a zone of action far from metropolitan France requires a constant reevaluation of doctrinal, organisational and technological choices; and of its international relations with its African interlocutors. The French Air Force has played a critical role in French international relations in Africa and its overseas commitments have largely shaped its evolution. In this fashion, the French Air Force carries with it the legacy of its operations on the African continent
N'Djali, Luswanga Willy. "La France dans les opérations de paix en Afrique noire depuis la chute du mur de Berlin : acteurs et prises de décision." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0217.
Full textFrance has always played a role in peace operations in Black Africa, especially since the fallof the Berlin Wall with the emergence of new intrastate conflicts that require not only thetraditional players but also new actors with new skills to restore peace and security in societiesmarked by conflict. However, its involvement in peacekeeping operations is often subjectto various unclear critics as interference in internal affairs, excess burrs, illegality back neocolonialism,due to the absence of a coherent policy of collaboration with other actors who performon the field. Therefore, the research focuses on French peace operations, the actors ofFrench international relations participating in peacekeeping operations, and finally, on understandingthe interactions decision at each operation. This is to highlight the specific politicalpractices, different strategies of the actors, power relations and issues of power that underliedecision making in France as part of peacekeeping operations
Anafak, Lemofak Antoine Japhet. "La Belgique et l'Afrique centrale, diversification ou néocolonialisme? dynamique de la politique de coopération belge au Cameroun et dans ses anciennes colonies, 1960-1990." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210145.
Full textCette thèse insiste sur les éléments de mise en place et les fondements de la politique étrangère de la Belgique en Afrique centrale. Elle analyse sa présence depuis la colonisation du Congo, du Ruanda-Urundi et développe le processus de mutation de la Belgique dans la sous-région à la faveur des indépendances. Cette accession à la souveraineté des territoires leur attribuait le statut d’acteur de la communauté internationale. L’adaptation de la Belgique à cette nouvelle donne l’oblige à étendre son espace de captation d’intérêts par l’établissement des relations diplomatiques avec de nombreux pays de la région parmi lesquels le Cameroun. Le choix du Cameroun comme pays d'appui à la politique belge dans la région en dehors de ses colonies est le fait de nombreuses justifications que cette thèse démontre.
Ce travail insiste sur les rapports politiques entre le Cameroun et la Belgique notamment les éléments expliquant la coopération diplomatique et politique entre le Cameroun et la Belgique. Celle-ci était basée sur un soutien mutuel dans la lutte contre les mouvements rebelles procommunistes au Cameroun et au Congo dans les années 60. Cet ouvrage développe l'organisation de l’action conjointe de la Belgique et du Cameroun dans la lutte contre le communisme en Afrique centrale principalement au Congo en période de guerre froide, les éléments prouvant le soutien de la Belgique au Cameroun dans sa lutte contre les activistes nationalistes de l’UPC et réciproquement, les actions montrant la collaboration et la compréhension du Cameroun envers la Belgique dans la gestion des conflits d’après indépendance au Congo, au Rwanda et au Burundi.
De plus, cette thèse évoque la dynamique de la politique étrangère de la Belgique à partir de 1965 dans la région. Dans cette section marquée par l’arrivée de Mobutu au pouvoir et le coup d’Etat de Micombero au Burundi, ce travail détaille les éléments qui justifient le renforcement des relations politiques entre le Cameroun et la Belgique après 1965 par l’analyse du contexte national et international de mise en place de cette politique après 1967. Un contexte marqué par la réélection d’Ahmadou Ahidjo et le renforcement de son pouvoir et le départ du socialiste Paul-Henri Spaak, remplacé par le démocrate-chrétien Pierre Harmel. Ce dernier instaure une nouvelle politique dite de diversification et de distanciation envers le régime de Mobutu. Le constat est que cette diversification a profité au Cameroun, devenu progressivement un partenaire privilégié de la Belgique dans la région après la visite officielle d’Ahidjo de 1967 à Bruxelles.
Ce travail analyse les rapports qu’entretenaient la Belgique et le Cameroun dans les organisations internationales en rapport avec la situation interne de son pré-carré d’Afrique centrale, notamment les circonstances du soutien de la candidature du Zaïre à l’entrée dans l’Union Douanière et Economique d’Afrique Centrale (UDEAC) et plus tard dans la création de l’Union Economique d’Afrique Centrale (UEAC) en 1969. Le soutien mutuel des candidatures belges et camerounaises dans les instances internationales à partir des années septante, les incidences de l’entrée du Royaume-Uni de Grande Bretagne et l’Irlande du Nord au sein de la Communauté Economique Européenne (la convention de Lomé I) sur la politique étrangère belge menée par Renaat Van Elslande, les implications de la zaïrianisation sur les relations belgo-zaïroises, l’arrivée au pouvoir de Juvénal Habyarimana au Rwanda et la renégociation des accords d’indépendance entre le Cameroun et la France. La Belgique et ces pays souhaitaient une approche plus consensuelle des grandes questions internationales, notamment le nouvel ordre économique international, le conflit du proche orient, la question de la décolonisation des territoires portugais d’Afrique centrale, la généralisation des conflits armés et des assassinats politiques.
La présence militaire belge en Afrique centrale est un fait colonial. Un rappel nécessaire de cette présence militaire depuis la période coloniale nous a permis de nous interroger sur la gestion difficile du devenir de ces soldats après les indépendances du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi, notamment pendant la crise Katangaise. Ces difficultés rencontrées au Congo poussent la Belgique à trouver des dérivatifs pour se désengager militairement au Ruanda-Urundi après l’indépendance en 1962. La visite officielle de juin 1967 d’Ahmadou Ahidjo en Belgique marque le début d’une intense coopération militaire entre la Belgique et le Cameroun. Les deux pays coopèrent pour la livraison du matériel de guerre par la Fabrique d’Herstal à Liège, et dans la formation les officiers camerounais en Belgique. Plusieurs facteurs justifiant cette coopération avec le Cameroun sont énumérés dans cette thèse. De plus, ce travail retrace l’implication de la Belgique dans les guerres du Shaba et ses initiatives en faveur d’une paix globale dans la région autour les années 80.
Le troisième grand axe de cette thèse développe la présence de la Belgique en Afrique centrale dans le cadre de la Communauté Economique Européenne. Après avoir expliqué l'historique et l'évolution du FED, nous avons exploré le poids de la présence belge au sein du Fond Européen de Développement par rapport à la France et les autres Etats de la CEE pour constater sa faiblesse dans cette institution contrôlée par la France l’Allemagne. Ce qui justifie son choix de renforcer la coopération bilatérale dans la région. Enfin, ce thèse insiste sur ces relations économiques bilatérales de la Belgique en Afrique centrale, principalement au Cameroun en comparaison avec les anciennes colonies pour voir l'influence de la Belgique au Cameroun, au Congo, au Rwanda et au Burundi depuis les indépendances jusqu'aux années nonante.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Diabone, Clédor. "Pratiques et modes de résolution des conflits chez les immigrants subsahariens établis à Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28298.
Full textThe focus of this research study are the interpersonal methods of family conflict management in sub-Saharan immigrant families living in Quebec. It looks at how sub-Saharan African immigrants deal with family conflicts and examines the justifications for the choices that they make in the process. The goal is to gain knowledge of the conflict management practices and methods used by sub-Saharan immigrants living in the Quebec region. For this purpose, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of ten participants (n=10) including three women, one young woman, four men, and two young men. The results obtained indicate that sub-Saharans tend to prioritize ways of dealing with family conflicts that are used in their countries of origin. In matters of family conflict, they refer to four levels of resolution involving the immediate family, the extended family, community leaders, and, only as a last resort, government services. The choice of these management methods seems to show that sub-Saharans apply within a Western cultural context the traditional methods of conflict resolution that are practiced in their countries of origin. This can be damaging to family dynamics because it may generate cultural conflict in addition to the existing family dissensions. Keywords: immigration – sub – saharians – familiy conflicts – social ecology.
Katsakioris, Constantin. "Leçons soviétiques : la formation des étudiants africains et arabes en URSS pendant la guerre froide." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0006.
Full textThe thesis explores the Soviet educational aid towards African and Arab countries from the mid-1950s to the end of the Cold War (1989). Soviet aid responded to the need of postcolonial countries and national liberation movements to train students who would then put their qualifications in the service of national independence. State-building and economic development. At the same time it constituted a means for the USSR to influence the political and economic orientation of postcolonial countries. Despite wariness vis-à-vis the USSR, the reception of students in many Soviet higher educational institutions, most often prestigious ones, continued unabated. Third world students' academic, social, cultural and political life in the USSR was extremely rich. Yet a number of violent incidents provoked disillusionment and the reactions of part of the Black African students. Nevertheless, seen in the context of the rivalry between the communist East and the capitalist West, the training of thousands of students and the implementation of concrete social and economic goals, allow arguing that Soviet aid for the newly independent countries of major importance
Cagé, Julia. "Essays in the Political Economy of Information and Taxation." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0112.
Full textWill an increase in competition in the market place for news and ideas lead to a better coverage of general information and an increase in political participation? There seems to [he a consensus that it will be the case in media economics. More media competition is usually seen as welfare improving. The goal of the first chapter of this dissertation (Media Competition and the Provision of Information) is to revisit this common wisdom. I investigate the consequences of an increase in the number of newspapers on the quantity and quality of news provided and, ultimately, changes in political participation. In the second chapter, joint with Dorothée Rouzet (Improving ''National Brands": Reputation for Quality and Export Promotion Policies), we study the effect of firm and country reputation on exports when buyers cannot observe quality prior to purchase. Firm-level demand is determined by expected quality, which depends on both past experience with the good and the country of origin's reputation for quality. In the third chapter (The Long-Term Effects of the Printing Press in sub-Saharan Africa), jointly with Valeria Rueda, I study the historical determinants of newspaper readership in sub-saharan Africa. Finally, in the last chapter (The Fiscal Cost of Trade Liberalization) joint with Lucie Gadenne, I study how trade liberalization affects developing countries tax revenues
Van, den Bossche Olivier. "Entreprendre pour le développement. Une histoire des politiques UE-ACP de développement du secteur privé, de Lomé à Cotonou (1975-2000)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA063.
Full textThis thesis retraces the historical construction of a so-called priority development aid policy. Private sector development policies consist of aiming at economic development by strengthening the local private sector (micro, small and medium-sized enterprises) and improving the foreign investment climate. The implementation of these policies is studied here in the context of the relations between the European Union institutions and the countries of the Africa-Caribbean-Pacific (ACP) group from 1975 to 2000, that is to say during the five successive EU-ACP partnership agreements known as the Lomé Conventions.Although these policies represent a dominant objective of development aid today, they already existed in other forms as early as 1975. The author decided to study the evolution of a development aid public policy with a particular focus on the institutions in Brussels. The author looks at the links of the services of the Directorate-General for Development (DG VIII) of the European Commission with the Community or joint instruments serving this policy: the European Investment Bank and the Centre for Industrial Development. The history of these policies is interspersed with the evolutions that are specific to certain transnational economic networks, member states, and other international organizations (World Bank, OECD). The research is placed in a double perspective of international organizations history and a transnational history of economic networks, to trace the individual socio-professional trajectories and the institutional dynamics that explain the making of European development policies.Three stages are studied: industrial co-operation (1975-1985), which aims to achieve a marriage of interests between the political objectives of developing countries in the framework of the “New International Economic Order” and the economic needs of Europe; the emergence of “private sector development” as a new hegemonic terminology within the OECD's Development Assistance Committee (DAC) (1985-1995); the time for institutional and operational reforms of development aid in the name of effectiveness and global changes (1995-2000)