Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Afrique subsaharienne'
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Plat, Didier. "Mobilités quotidiennes en Afrique subsaharienne." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00173699.
Full textTobin, Lara. "Essais sur l'urbanisation en Afrique subsaharienne." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0071.
Full textThe first chapter documents the evolution of residential segregation in Nairobi, Kenya, between 1989 and 2009 using the complete population census data. Compared to those experienced by Europeans during the colonial period, the levels of residential segregation in Nairobi today remain modest whether along ethnic or economic lines. If economic segregation has slightly decreased over the period ethnic segregation has remained stable. Levels of ethnic segregation are also modest in slums, although slightly higher than in affluent neighbourhoods. This work suggests that the unplanned expansion of Nairobi has created a melting pot of ethnic and economic mixity. The second chapter analyses the impact of tenure insecurity on urban land markets. The standard mono-centric urban land market model is modified to account for households' tradeoff between centrality and a continuum of land rights which grant different levels of security. This work shows that (i) there is spatial segregation according to the level of tenure security; and (ii) the land market is segmented according to tenure, but that these segments are interdependent. Therefore, any policy targeting households at the lower end of the tenure security continuum affects both the structure of the city and the land market as a whole. The third and fourth chapters assess the use of agricultural land in Ghana by comparing different, independent sources of data. These pieces of work show that between 1992 and 2005 the surface of land farmed in Ghana doubled, suggesting that in 2005 the Malthusian constraint on land had not yet been hit. In per capita terms, this expansion has been driven by the recovery of the cocoa sector. The sustainability of these trends are difficult to assess as the stability of yields and simultaneous movement of labour out of the agricultural sector, mean that there have been productivity gains in the agricultural sector
Tchamanbé, Djiné Louise. "Les faillites bancaires en Afrique subsaharienne /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb414910112.
Full textDruet-Cabanac, Michel. "Epilepsie en Afrique subsaharienne : étude du rôle de la cysticercose et de l'onchocercose." Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO102B.
Full textDoumbia, Fatima. "Travail et identité en Afrique Noire." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10115.
Full textMakosso, Christian Ernest. "Ajustement structurel et éducation en Afrique subsaharienne." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100086.
Full textThis study consist mainly on showing the impact of the structural adjustment on enrolments of people provided with schooling in Ivory Cost. At first, we place this study in the general context in SSA. This brings us to make an inventory of fixtures of African school systems and point out the growth of the global tends of the structural adjustment on enrolments of people provided with schooling in SSA' countries under adjustment and outside of adjustment between 1970 and 2000. Afterwards, we enter specifically upon our study, which is to study the impact of the structural adjustment on scholastic supply and the private scholastic demand (effective demand) in Ivory Cost and behaviours change of Ivorian households in terms of familial education strategies generated by the adjustment. The post adjustment perspective, we are outlining PRSP's (Poverty Reduction Strategies Papers) implications on the scholastic supply and its quality in Burkina Faso (having reached the completion point), in default of of Ivorian' PRSP (decisional point)
Monteiro, Samuel. "L'emploi dans les PME en Afrique Subsaharienne." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD002.
Full textOf the two billion people expected to join the world population by 2050, over half are expected to come from sub-Saharan Africa. With an employed, educated and skilled population, the region could experience rapid and sustained economic growth, but this can only be achieved if countries in sub-Saharan Africa succeed in offering sufficient economic opportunities that can absorb their burgeoning workforce. As such, this research work focuses on the role of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in addressing sub-Saharan Africa’s significant employment needs and the issues surrounding the formalization of these jobs. Chapter 1 looks at quantitative job creation to determine whether African SMEs have a greater potential for job creation than large firms do. Using data from the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys, we test Gibrat's law, which states that size does not influence firm growth. We find that this law does not hold in Sub-Saharan Africa, i.e. small companies create more jobs than large companies. We show that the usual explanations (diminishing returns, the learning effect, optimal size) do not explain this rejection. We present a new hypothesis based on access to capital and argue that small firms have a lower capital-to-labor ratio because they overuse labor input due to financial constraints.Chapter 2 introduces the existing literature on informality in order to better understand the issues surrounding this phenomenon and the determinants that give rise to its widespread presence across sub-Saharan Africa. Chapter 3 explores employees' willingness to join a health insurance system by analyzing their individual preferences. We show that despite the preference for the present and the low aversion to risk that would predispose an individual not to obtain health insurance, employees expressed a significant increase in their willingness to enroll in a health insurance system after receiving information on the role and benefits thereof.Chapter 4 documents the impact of formalization on credit access. Through a probit model, we show that having a formal employment contract increases an employee’s probability of obtaining a bank loan by 23%. We argue that this effect is mainly due to the fact that a greater share of formal workers has a bank account than do informal workers. We find that other factors, such as gender, wage or level of education, do not have a significant impact on credit access
Cheikh-Sidia, Abdallah. "Gouvernance et croissance économique en Afrique subsaharienne." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE0014.
Full textIn 2007, the population of Sub-Saharan Africa was estimated around 11. 5% of the world population. For the same year, the African Gross Domestic Product represented, however, only about 1. 5% of the world GDP. Besides, according to the World Bank projections, 46% of Africans will live on less than one dollar per day in 2015 and over 70% on less than two dollars per day. The current situation in which Sub-Saharan Africa is struggling can no longer be explained by the effects and defects of colonization, triangular commerce, or climatic conditions. The failure of the African development calls upon economic science, the successive paradigms of which turned out not to be able to set Africa along a path of sustainable growth. The subject of this dissertation is to attempt to prove that, in order to be pertinent, the debate on the failure of development policies in Sub-Saharan Africa should be, despite constraints linked to the “Westphalian” system, centered on the deficiencies of post-colonial State and therefore on “public governance”
Badji, Samia. "Investissement en capital humain en Afrique subsaharienne." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0710.
Full textGaugue, Anne. "Géopolitique des musées en Afrique tropicale : la mise en scène de la nation." Paris 8, 1995. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/les-etats-africains-et-leurs-musees-la-mise-en-scene-de-la-nation-14615.
Full textMbambi, Julien. "Dynamique de la fécondité et la diffusion de la contraception moderne en Afrique subsaharienne : communication, changement et résistance, entre tradition et modernité. Recherche en milieu urbain à Brazzaville (Congo) : approche anthropologique et clinique." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE2006.
Full textFertility is the principal element in demographic dynamics in Africa south of the Sahara. Modern contraception has contributed to the decrease in fertility in the western countries. Its diffusion in culturally different societies poses intercultural and difference bound problems. This study illustrates the fact that this diffusion is in line with the logic of breaking down the symbolical order in which fertility has a special place. Contraception reappraises cultural representations associated with the family and identity reference points. The analysis of qualitative information resulting from interviewing a selection of women in Brazzaville highlights the fact that subjectivity and culture come into picture in defending essential values that establish identities
Ouattara, Abdoulaye. "Le développement minier en Afrique." Paris 9, 1990. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1990PA090043.
Full textKoanda, Mady. "Contribution à la connaissance du comportement financier et des performances financières des entreprises industrielles en Afrique : une application de la théorie de l'agence." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT4002.
Full textThe financial behavior and performances of industrial firms in sub-Saharan countries (Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Niger and Senegal) have been analysed on the basis of the positive theory of agency. The notion of African enterprise as “nexus of contracts” leads to distinguish three types of enterprises : the “monitoring” enterprise, the “community” enterprise and the public enterprise. The model chosen bring to the core problem of separation of ownership rights from decision-making rights as well as the conflicts of interests and agency costs that are entailed. It mainly takes into account one specificity of African environment : the community pressure, family and clan influence on enterprise management in Africa. Taking the agency's relation into consideration to analyze the interpretation of financial decisions and performances leads to convincing results. On the basis of findings of a survey from principal officials of enterprises and on the collection of accounting and financial data, uni-varied and multi-varied statistics processing were carried out to test three (3) research hypotheses. In many cases, the organizational design namely type of agency relation influences the expected financial behavior. The various financial objectives connected to the financial function are different according to the organizational design. The investment policy is under optimal and it depends on the type of the firm. As a result, there is an underinvestment or an overinvestment regarding the type of the firm. Generally speaking, the basic financial decisions made within African firms are explained by the need of the management of the agency relation and they corroborate in this way the conjectures of financial agency theory. Thus, the firms have set some targets that contribute to manage the basic conflict of interests. Indebtedness is a way that enables the “monitoring” firms to reduce overinvestment. The conflict of interests, which is particularly hard between banks and “community” firms, is the main cause of underinvestment. The performances of African firms are connected to the organizational design. While “monitoring” firms are successful from the shareholders point of view (return on equity), “community” firms are successful according to the contracting parties (return of assets). Concerning public firms, they are not successful at all
Poccard, Isabelle. "Etude diagnostique de nouvelles données climatiques : les réanalyses : exemples d'application aux précipitations en Afrique tropicale." Dijon, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012042.
Full textHoudeingar, Ngarimaden. "Aspects juridiques du developpement agricole en afrique noire." Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT4002.
Full textAs sixty to eighty per cent of the black african population depends directly on agriculture, it is in the agricultural sector we must look for the causes of under development, and, in effect, the means towards development. For a large part, agricultural activities in these countries depend on the traditional institutions. Land law, family laws, commercials rules in fact, all that constitutes social life, are subjected to an harmonious group of traditions, always in practice within the rural societies. The importance of the traditional agricultural structures has in the respected countries taken such dimension that no government can undustionate the study. No reforms or legislative initiative can be undertaken without a profound study of the customs and an exact evaluation of the needs, otherwise the new laws will be totally inadapted to the social reality. Many africans countries has tried to solve this difficulty in trying to realize both a modern industrialised agriculture and to promote at the same time a traditional family cultivation. These two options have been pursued simultaneously and this explains partly the absence of a definite choice in matter relating to land. Today in african countries, the peasant experiences two legal existences. The one dictated by the respect of traditions and the other answering the requests of the modern life which aim to integrate the agricultural production in the economic network. Despite of the reforms on farming concerns, transformation, commercialization of the production and the measures aiming to assure the promotion (teaching, training, popularization and animation etc. . . ) and the defense of farmers (social welfare, regulation of the agricultural work), the changing from an agricultural of subsistence based on the custom law) to a modern agriculture (founded on a type of legal relation more modern) is far from being achieved
Moron, Vincent. "La variabilité des précipitations en Afrique tropicale au nord de l'équateur (1933-1990) et relations avec les températures de surface océanique et la dynamique de l'atmosphère." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOL016.
Full textThe rainfall variability of northern tropical Africa is studied at annual, seasonal and monthly times scales (1933-1990). Three areas (Sahel, Guinean coast, Transition) are delimited. The rainfall variability is then summarized with regional indices and typology. A study between the rainfall variability is then summarized with regional indices and typology. A study between the rainfall variability and the dominant climatic modes shows that 1) a "slow" rhythm mainly linked with the thermal evolution of the global sea surface temperature seems associated with the decadal variability, 2) a "rapid" rhythm seems modulate the slow pattern. The El Niño southern oscillation influences the speed of the tropical l easterly jet and the intensity of the upper divergence. The links between the rainfall variability and the quasi-biennial oscillation are less evident. The rainfall amounts of June are not linked with the dominant climatic modes. The relationships between the rainfall amounts and the main climatic modes are high in July-august and then decrease in september-october
Benrabia, Nora. "Choix organisationnels et institutions : la réforme du secteur des déchets ménagers en Afrique subsaharienne." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERS010S.
Full textThe opening to private of the sector of domestic waste in sub-Saharan Africa subjects the sector to the organisational choice in a particular institutional context since the beginning of the years four vingt-dix. Indeed, the evolution of the public intervention in the development of the African economies knew great upheavals of which most recent is the passage of the paradigm of the consensus of Washington to that of good the gouvernance. From this point of view the role for the State is certainly rehabilitated, but according to a design minimalist and functionalist in order to reinforce the mechanisms of the market. It is an neo-institutional approach of the economic development which is privileged by the basic financial backers such as the World Bank. This context opens the way with the choice of new alternative organisational forms to traditional public management in the sector of domestic waste. The assessment of the first experiments of privatization of the public services in sub-Saharan Africa, put forward the conditions of the emergence of such reforms. Thus, the political feasibility of the reform proved to be determining impossible to circumvent. This one as well conditions the emergence of the reform, the organisational choice and the results of the reform according to a principle of interdependence between the institutional environment and the structure of gouvernance. This new grid of analysis of the reforms is anchored in the current of the néo-institutional analysis. This thesis shows that the question of the organisational choice in the sector of domestic waste does not escape this logic. We illustrate our matter starting from the case study of Dakar. By confronting the grid of analysis of the reforms according to sequences' of their attractivity, feasibility and credibility, we show that the reform engaged in Dakar in 1995 is contingent on a structure of gouvernance of particular hybrid form. If political dimension were at the origin of the reform, its effectiveness rests at the same time on the distribution of the redistributifs effects, the incentives of contractual arrangement and credible engagements of the parts in particular those of the public authorities
Almeida, Amah Sedjro d'. "Décolonisation et institutions judiciaires en Afrique noire." Paris 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA020025.
Full textUnder colonization, different systems of culture and civilization have coexisted on the same land, the colonizer having generally allowed the local institutions and customary or native systems of courts to subsist. He also introduced legislations and modern european systems of courts (french or english). The decolonization has restored the sovereignty of the african countries. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the leading lines of the judicial institutions of black africa since the decolonization trying moreover to bring out a typology which distinguishes between legislations which have perfected the evolution towards modernity, the legislations which have kept together the two systems of courts and those in which customary or native justice would become predominant again. The thesis aims to point out the reasons and explanations which have given rise to such a situation
Fofana, André. "Les conditions d'un projet libéral pour l'Afrique subsaharienne." Tours, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOUR1001.
Full textA liberal plan of society for subsaharian africa consists in reproducing the structures of market economies. The suggested strategy stems from the economic theory, the analysis of the international environment and the historical evolution of these countries
Mukonde, Musulay. "Droits et obligations démocratiques en Afrique subsaharienne francophone." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ52177.pdf.
Full textMoundounga, Séraphin. "L'Union européenne et la paix en Afrique subsaharienne." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871641.
Full textBadinga, Arcadius. "Capital humain et commerce international en Afrique subsaharienne." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10065.
Full textHolo, Guy-Fabrice. "Les régimes de transition en Afrique subsaharienne francophone." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D062.
Full textSub-Saharan Africa has been known for going through transitional phases from one-party state dictatorship or limited democracy to a multi-party system or a real democracy. Observing these transitions highlights the fact that the same type of regimes is used during the process. At first, it can be said that transitions are made by a parliamentary system. Adopting this specific form of regime enhances the aim of the transitional regime, which lies into liberalizing the political institutions of the country. Nevertheless, a more profound study reveals that if all those regimes may have the external criteria of a parliamentary system, it's not the same regime per se. In one case, most of the power remains in the hand of the head of State while in the other, it's a shared power. Thus, there is no transitional regime but what can be described as a "constitutional model" of the transition that uses the same organs but with a different distribution of power between them
Manvoutouka, Roth Tine. "Analyse du travail et développement en Afrique subsaharienne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3010.
Full textThe diversity of working situations in sub-Saharan Africa requires a re-examination of the common conception of “work” within the relation of work and development. These industrious activities respond to more or less formalized normative systems, which cannot legitimately be ignored. These different systems of norms largely shape the practice of real work. The aim of this research is to question the interferences or the contradictions between these different systems of norms, which the actors are required to cope with in their activity. To this end I examined a capacity building development project inside the Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Tourism in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. I defend the thesis that the relation to work in Africa is not characterized by cultural specificities or exoticism. Instead, it is the result of an anthropological experience made of more or less conscious choices among vital, social, legal, political or technical norms, on an individual or collective level. As a locus of intense normative tensions, work appears then as an appropriate point of entry into a broader analysis of social change, and therefore questions the political and scientific institutions where knowledge for and on development is produced
Bekkouche, Yasmine. "Education Quality in sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEH005.
Full textThis PhD dissertation addresses these issue in the context of SSA. I first highlight differences in the quality of primary education. Identifying the link between academic skills and education requires a specific methodology. I then turn to the explanation of these differences. The countries studied have a strong colonial history, which has left lasting impacts in many institutions, particularly in education systems. This thesis also aims to study how differences in education systems (from equipment to teacher education and educational practices) affect student performance. The last part of this study explores a specific lever related to school time in skill formation. The three papers follow a natural progression and each one is a continuation of the former, addressing the issue from an increasingly specific angle. The first chapter investigates primary education quality from a larger scope, studying cohorts born from the independences to the 1990s in many SSA countries. Schools in Francophone countries are more elitists but provide students with better literacy and numeracy skills. The second chapter focuses on the specific case of Cameroon. It exploits the partition of the country between the French and British Empires, to study how differences in school systems lead to differences in student achievements. The better performance of Francophone school systems is confirmed by this study and also better explained: the Francophone sub-system seems better at teaching very formal mathematical skills. The third chapter studies the impact on student progressions of a specific factor: rainfall during the school year. It concludes that rain during school-times negatively affects learning outcomes, suggesting that those perturbations in instruction times should be taken into account by governments
Dembele, Aminata. "L'endettement de l' Afrique subsaharienne : spécificité et diversité : réflexions à partir de "la décennie perdue" 1980." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOD010.
Full textAfter period the 80s what was called "the lost decade" when it was one of the major preoccupations of the countries both creditors and debtors, the them of external indebtedness of developing countries seems nowadays to be obsolete. The whole series of indicators show. S yet that it is still the major issue at least for some developing countries mainly sub-Saharan Africa. Though, the less indebted area according to official statistics (the share of this area is less than the tenth of the total debt of the whole of developing countries), sub-Saharan Africa includes most of least developed countries, in such state of poverty, they are unable to service even a relatively modest debt. The burden of that indebtedness, caused by internal factors susceptible of infringing upon their sovereignty of concerned states, worsen their structural difficulties and bridle their development. By conforming to impose measures of structural adjustment programs supposed to allow them to recover their capacity of servicing their debt, many sub-Saharan states had from the start the 80s, to curtail their expenses even those concerning the social sectors. The inability of common people to provide for those basic needs when the government does not, has increased their impoverishment. It seems necessary to go a step further to make one more step by proposing new solutions of reducing the debt based on a juridical approach contesting the legitimacy of certain debts or modifying the ways to service them. More fundamentally, it is mainly by looking at the external debt as a social debt towards the African peoples, that it will be possible to find a way to solve the indebtedness problem so that it will no more be an obstacle to the development but on the contrary a means of fulfilling the demands of that development
Bost, François. "Les entreprises françaises en Afrique sub-saharienne : strategies et dynamiques spatiales." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100146.
Full textHistory, economy and policy are the main factors which explain why the French forces were so important in west and central Africa. Until a short time ago, companies were in a euphoric period. That's why this part of the world has begun to be one of the most important areas for the French external business and also for the increase of companies number. With the establishment of the economic crisis in the 80', companies have turned their strategies into including this new context. At this time, big companies have maintained themselves, but number of the smaller has decreased significally. Nevertheless, during this period, French companies have discovered the rest of Africa and are begun to be more and more interested in countries as Kenya, Nigeria or south Africa. But in analyzing all French investments it appears that they are staying at a low in Africa, which is not a priority, instead of Europe, north America or Asia
Mana, Nsimba Joachim. "Politique fiscale et dynamique de développement en Afrique subsaharienne : le cas du Burkina Faso, du Congo-Brazzaville et de la Côte-d'Ivoire." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0041.
Full textThe taxation is in the heart of the process of development. During decades 1960 and 1970, in Black Africa in general, Burkina Faso, Congo and in Côte d'Ivoire singularly, the using of the taxation like privileged instrument of intervention did not make it possible to achieve the goals defined by the States. Indeed, the tax pressure is weak and the main part of the resources comes from the taxation of the international exchanges : the taxation rests mainly on the rights of importation and the export taxes, which in the long term compromises the external competitiveness of these countries. However, the news gives international constrained these countries to reduce these types of taxes in order to contribute to the liberalization of the exchanges and causes a loss of earnings which it is necessary to compensate for by the reduction of the exemptions and the increase in the resources taken on the internal incomes
Martinez, Nadine. ""Quand le serpent parle le bummõ le répête. . . " : étude des surfaces planes dans les oeuvres d'art des Dogon, Bambara et Sénoufo de la Côte d'Ivoire et du Burkina Faso." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010517.
Full textFrom an aesthetic, ethnologic and comparative point of view, level surfaces of dogon, Bamana and Senufo works of art, which have different geometric outlines (rectangular, square, circular, curved or cylindrical), display various symbols, painted as well as engraved and openwork symbols. These surfaces play a part in the rituals. They contain the most intimate thoughts of initiation and those of the families facing the death, and they are a way to approach god. The plane is the product of a conflicting aesthetic, ambivalence and it embodies the hope of religion, of immortality. The openwork proceed from a deeper and deeper levelling of the surface to the piercing of the material. The plan reveals the division of the world into three parts and the mind's tripartite functioning of the studied families : it is the golden mean, the balancing point. Displaying signs, it is the basis of the oral and written initiatory education. The signs create writings that are sometimes different from the alphabetic writings of from the ones aiming at the strict reproduction of the speech, but their functioning is original. They act as a medium in the dialogue between mankind and god, for their fight against the dangers of the breath the speech contains, and the divine answer follows the canal of the ritual possession. When these writings are integrated in the linguistic or semiotic speech, the pierce's model is the best adapted model to study them. Moreover, their aesthetic places them midway between art and writing. The symbols and the diffusion of the plane offer the opportunity to locate some families' movings in history, which historians', archaeologists' texts and the oral tradition confirm. Western-African families would most probably come from east, from Cameroun, or from a longer way, from Egypt or central Africa. The dogon and the tellem would surely constitute a same family such as the dogon and the Mossi
Baldé, Sory. "La convergence des modèles constitutionnels : études de cas en Afrique subsaharienne." Bordeaux 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR40013.
Full textThe very objective of this thesis is to prove the convergence of constitutional models in sub-Saharan Africa, convergence which is demonstrated by a phenomenon of diffusions and reception of constitutional institutions. This phenomenon is ruled by two stimuli. The first one concerns the transfer of some unknown and authetic institutions of the constitutional trade towards states in their demand, in a well defined context. The national elctoral Committee and the national Conference are these original institutions and are considered as potential solutions in case of crisis or for the creation of a new legal system. The second stimulus deals with the transfer of institutions to complete the original ones. These institutions are no longer originals but readjusted and most of the cases the survival of the first ones depends on them. These readjusted institutions like Ombudsman and the autonomous model of constitutional Justice, are constitutional ones actong for the strength of the new constitutional system. The aim of this thesis is to show the existence of the mentioned models convergence by : - Identifying where the concerned institutions originate, where they have been readjusted, the participants and mechanisms of their creation, - Analysisng the original establishment methods of these institutions, - Discovering the participants' role (exporter and importer as welle), the mechanisms of the constitutional trade and, - Describing how the exported institutions are used in some states. And to consider finally the question of the existence of a common constitutional law in sub-Saharan Africa
Waka, Modjo Roger Armand. "Diversité de la fécondité en Afrique subsaharienne depuis 1960 : le rôle de l'infécondité et de la taille des familles." Bordeaux 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR40063.
Full textIn the 1960s there is in Sub-Saharan Africa a heterogeneousness of the level of fertility, marked mainly by weaker levels in the countries of Central Africa, which is explained by a lesser fertility of the births of firts ranks. This weakest fertility of the births of first ranks is due to sanitary reasons which led to a larger proportion of sterile women. From the end of the 1960s, the implementation of sanitary policies aiming to reduce the infertility and to improve the maternal health and, the rejection of certain taboos are going to lead, until the middle of the 1980s, to an increase of the level of fertility in these countries. This is going to reduce the differences between the levels of fertility which existed between the countries of Central Africa (Cameroon for example) and the other regions (Kenya, Mali, Niger and Zimbabwe for example). These policies are essentially going to benefit the births of the first four ranks, an increase of which we also observe during the same period and mainly throughout the generations. Today the situation is not comparable to the one of the 1960s, all the countries having begun their transition, the difference of levels of fertility is explained by differences in the period and/or the speed of the transition which express itself by disparities concerning the age in the firts marriage, the levels of the infant mortality, the modern contraceptive practice and the practice of polygamy. These factors also lead to differences concerning the births of rank four or more
Agbodjan, Têtêvi Dodzi Francis-Didier. "Le droit à la protection sociale en Afrique subsaharienne francophone : quelles solidarités ?" Grenoble 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE21031.
Full textVerdier, Audrey. "Libéralisation financière et croissance économique : le cas de l'Afrique subsaharienne." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0036.
Full textThe financial systems of sub-Saharan Africa are characteized by the existence of a very significant informal sector, by the incapacity of banks to effectively redistribute the resources within the productive economy and by the presence of some stock exchange markets whose attraction for foreign capital and the financing of the national activities is very weak. However, the policies of financial liberalization undertaken in the 1980's allowed neither the financial deepening nor the increase in the rates of saving, investment and growth in the sub-Saharan countries. They nevertheless improved the macro-economic and banking environment and raised other questions related to the bad governance and the corruption of the states and the difficulties of the implementation of different measures according to the initial conditions, of their scheduling and their speed
Lim, Samuel. "L'art africain : systématicité et classification : exemple : la statuaire africaine." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010634.
Full textWith very rare exceptions the analysis of African art has hardly progressed beyond the purely descriptive stage or that of simple generalities. In most cases, it has not sought in the least degree to constitute a problematic. Carl einstein was however a distinguished predecessor in this domain. And, to our knowledge, he still romains so, even if some of his views have today fallen into disuse. Carl Einstein's negerplastik appeared in leipniz, germany in 1915. It was a short work which in terms of ethnography ranks amongst the most vague and ambiguous exemples, even as it is aesthetically very important and trustworthy, because it puts clearly in evidence the masterful qualities of blac sculpture, to the extent that the author discovers to his great surprise responses or answers to cortain fundamental and crucial problems that then occupied the most penetrating and knowedgeable european artists. The essential aim of this art is not so much to describe, but rather to establish certain realities. This approach requires a turn from virtuosity in favor of the establishment of plastik connections between diverse parts of the work, independent of connections of a logical order : owing to this, the thing figured represents for itself a unity (a personage for instance, or whatever motif has been grasped as an isolable whole). Given that one of the major objectives of this art was the coherent and lively organisation of forms, either liason by analogy or contrast their balance and subjection to a rythm, black sculpture situated itself on a plane morphologic neughbowring cubism as it was then known
Jacquet, François. "Phylogéographie, taxonomie et évolution morphologique de troix complexes d'espèces de musaraignes du genre Crocidura (Mammalia, Soricomorpha) en Afrique subsaharienne." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0020.
Full textThe aims of this thesis were: to test the efficiency of barcoding as a taxonomic tool in Sub-Saharan shrews ; to resolve some taxonomic problems in the genus Crocidura Wagler, 1832 using an integrative taxonomic approach ; to trace the evolutionary history of three species complexes of this genus in relation with the climatic events of the Plio-Pleistocene ; to identify some trends of size and conformation in shrews. To answer these questions, we used molecular data (three mitochondrial and four nuclear markers) and morphological (external characters), morphometric (external body measurements) and geometric morphometric data (2D landmarks on the palatal side of the skull). A study on shrews living in sympatry on Mount Nimba (Guinea) showed that barcoding could be considered as a useful taxonomic tool. The cytb marker showed a similar efficacy. The molecular study of the three species complexes C. Obscurior, C. Olivieri and C. Poensis revealed the existence of an important cryptic diversity. We could include type specimens in geometric morphometric analyses. Using an integrative taxonomic approach, we could make new taxonomic propositions. Our biogeographic comparative study showed that the evolutionary history of the forest taxa C. Obscurior, C. Goliath, C. Poensis, C. Buettikoferi and C. Grandiceps was strongly influenced by the climatic fluctuations of the Plio-Pleistocene (starting 3. 5 million years ago) and is congruent with the forest refuge theory. The isolation of populations in forest patches during arid phases promoted allopatric speciation and intraspecific diversity. Our results also confirmed the role of rivers in shaping the diversification in shrews. The gradient model of diversification could also be invoked to explain to understand the diversification events within the C. Olivieri and C. Poensis complexes. Several speciation events occurred around ecotone zones, especially at the limit between forests and savannahs and between lowland and montane forests. The Plio-Pleistocene climatic oscillations also played an important role by causing a displacement of the ecoregion boundaries and thus by promoting an ecological niche displacement. Our data allowed us to understand the evolutionary history of C. Olivieri, which is unique within the genus Crocidura. This species exhibits indeed a wide distribution and a tolerance to a high variety of habitats. We showed that the ancestral population of this species was forest-dwelling in the Congo Basin and then got adapted to several habitats allowing it to extend across portions of the African continent. We performed geometric morphometric analyses that allowed us to highlight some trends of size and shape in shrews. The retention of diminutive animals within the C. Obscurior complex was observed. On the contrary, an evolutionary convergence toward a giant size was noticed in C. Goliath and C. Nimbasilvanus in Central and West Africa, respectively. These evolution patterns can be explained by important interspecific competition in African rain forest shrew communities. The acquisition of such extreme sizes would provide access to different food resources in highly populated ecological niches. Despite significant size variations in C. Goliath, accompanied by allometric conformation modifications of the braincase, the tooth row showed a notable stability. This trend could be explained by the evolutionary constraints associated with the feeding habits of shrews
Sesanga, Hipungu Dja Kaseng Kapitu. "Espace socio-politique et sécurité de l'Etat en Afrique subsaharienne." Grenoble 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE21029.
Full textPascual, Philippe. "Les processus d'informatisation en Afrique noire." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070072.
Full textSathoud, Innocente Félicité. "La France face à l'ouverture démocratique en Afrique noire." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA082029.
Full textAkollor, Atialo Sassou. "Des formes d'action collective dans l'agriculture de l'Afrique subsaharienne." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT3001.
Full textMoukoko, Antonin. "La liberte d'expression dans les etats d'afrique noire." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN0025.
Full textIn africa, freedom of speech is limited by two recurent factors the political power extends its control on the whole society as well as on the means of expression in order to maintain monolitism and conformism. This extended form of totalitarism is garanted by the existence of a repressive arsenal which hampers the expression of all the opinions that are contrary to that of the ruling power
Adjourouvi, Pacôme Yawovi. "L'Etat et les peuples en Afrique sub-saharienne : Les EWE du Ghana, du Togo, du Bénin." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05D018.
Full textKouassy, Oussou. "Les impacts de la crise économique mondiale sur les économies des pays d'Afrique Noire." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100102.
Full textWambo, Yamdjeu Augustin Herman. "La gouvernance des politiques publiques en Afrique subsaharienne en période post-ajustement structurel : une critique de la valeur ajoutée du NEPAD face au défi agricole." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA111022.
Full textCohuet, Anna. "Biologie et génétique des populations d'"Anopheles funestus", vecteur du paludisme en Afrique." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20123.
Full textLam, Abdoulaye Elhousseinou. "Les pratiques informelles en Afrique sub-saharienne : contribution à une théorie juridique de l'informel." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0688.
Full textAde, Edouard. "Gedegbé et Mewihwendo : les conditions anthropologiques de l'émerrgence d'une pensée en Afrique Noire." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05H072.
Full textRegarding the clarification on the question of differences, scientific anthropology has forgotten the topologic reference (tends to neglect the use of topologic reference). A real science of differences would emerge if one could promote the problematic of difference as the others societies and cultures have established. Any discussion of cultural differences can be better appreciated if one takes into account the epistemological background of such question. Cultural differences have epistemological foundations
Ngoungou, Edgard Brice. "Approche épidémiologique de la relation paludisme cérébral et épilepsie séquellaire en zone tropicale." Limoges, 2006. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/241456cd-07d3-444f-91a0-dc75a0a3ed19/blobholder:0/2006LIMO100B.pdf.
Full textCerebral Malaria (CM) is a potential cause of epilepsy occurrence in tropical area. We have carried out two complementary epidemiological approaches in sub-Saharan Africa, in Mali and in Gabon and aimed at quantifying the relationship between these two affections. The first one, an exposed/non-exposed study, was performed in Malian children followed-up after clinical malaria. Among them, 101 with a CM history were compared with 222 with non cerebral malaria (NCM) history. The risk of developing epilepsy was higher after CM than after NCM: aRR= 14. 3 [95%CI: 1. 6-132. 0]; p=0. 01. The second approach, a matched case-control study, was performed in a Gabonese population aged of 6 months to 25 years, at 3 different hospitals in Libreville, with 15 years retrospectively. 296 people with epilepsy were compared with 296 people not suffering from epilepsy. The risk of developing epilepsy was higher after a CM in cases than in controls: aOR= 3. 9 [95%CI: 1. 7-8. 9], p<0. 001. This work confirms the role of CM in the occurrence of sequelar epilepsy. However, the implication of seizures during CM and physiopathological mechanisms remains obscure and needs to be confirmed
Mabiala, Umba Di Kama Beti. "La fiscalité des pays de l'Afrique subsaharienne : problématique de leur rendement et solutions à l'inadaptation des systèmes." Paris 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA020050.
Full textGautrieaud, Stéphanie. "Méthodologies comparées de l'évaluation du risque pays : application à l'Afrique." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40014.
Full textPreux, Pierre-Marie. "Contribution à la connaissance épidémiologique de l'épilepsie en Afrique subsaharienne." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO104D.
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