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Journal articles on the topic 'Afro-American men in literature'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 January 2023

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1

Ramkissoon, Marina W., Patricia Anderson, and Junior Hopwood. "Measurement Validation of the Jamaican Macho Scale Among African American Males." Journal of Men’s Studies 25, no. 3 (February 1, 2017): 298–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060826517693387.

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Measures of masculinities have expanded in recent decades to reflect greater diversity. A comparative reading of the literature suggests that African American men may endorse the same macho ideology shared by Afro-Jamaican men, which is captured by the Jamaican Macho Scale. The current article examines whether the Macho Scale is relevant to explaining masculinity among African American males using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis techniques. A sample of 203 African American male college students from a large university in the Eastern United States participated in a self-administered survey, which included the Macho Scale items. Results supported a two-factor model of macho ideology, specifically sexual dominance and virility, and procreative need, in the American context. Future research should examine understudied masculinity ideology constructs in the American setting and attempt to map the full content domain of African American masculinity ideologies.

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2

Gordon, Edmund T., Edmund W. Gordon, and Jessica G. G. Nembhard. "Social Science Literature Concerning African American Men." Journal of Negro Education 63, no. 4 (1994): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2967292.

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3

Armengol-Carrera, Josep M. "Of Friendship: Revisiting Friendships between Men in American Literature." Journal of Men's Studies 17, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 193–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3149/jms.1703.193.

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4

Coviello, Peter. "Men Beyond Desire: Manhood, Sex, and Violation in American Literature." Studies in American Fiction 36, no. 2 (2008): 244–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/saf.2008.0016.

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5

Henderson, Bruce. "American sympathy: Men, friendship, and literature in the new nation." Text and Performance Quarterly 21, no. 4 (October 2001): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10462930128127.

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6

Luz, Mônica Abud Perez de Cerqueira, Roseli Machado Lopes do Nascimento, Rosana Maria Pires Barbato Schwartz, Márcia Mello Costa De Liberal, and João Clemente De Souza Neto. "Representation of Black Men and Women Characters in Children's Literature: Breaking with the Hegemonic Culture." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 6, no. 10 (October 31, 2018): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol6.iss10.1186.

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This article is the result of a doctoral research and from the reflections and researches developed by the Social Pedagogy Group. The main objective is to analyze the discourses carried in children's literature from a post-structuralist perspective and some notes by Foucault on the articulation between discourse, power, and knowledge. For the analysis and understanding of the speeches and the textual and iconographic forms conveyed on the black and black characters, we use children's works produced after the promulgation of Law 10.639/2003, which established the inclusion in the official curriculum of the teaching network of the subject matter "History and Afro-Brazilian Culture". Our initial hypothesis was that discourses on black and black characters, as well as their culture, ancestry, and especially religiosity, kept the operationalization of racism. From the theoretical-methodological point of view, the research is qualitative of an ethnographic nature.

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7

Gayoso de Lima, Beatriz Wanderley, Priscila Kakizaki, and Neusa Yuriko Sakai Valente. "Rare presentation of dissecting cellulitis in a 68-yearold Brazilian woman." Journal of Dermatology & Cosmetology 6, no. 1 (January 28, 2022): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jdc.2022.06.00197.

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Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp (DCS) is a rare, chronic, disease characterized by inflammatory nodules, abscesses and sinuses that may progress to scarring alopecia. The coexistence of DCS with hidradenitis suppurativa, acne conglobata and pilonidal cyst is mentioned in literature as part of a ‘follicular occlusion tetrad’. Classically affects adult afro-descendent men, although few cases in white men have been reported. This article illustrates a rare presentation of DCS in a 68-year-old woman from Brazil treated with oral isotretinoin.

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8

Acosta Sánchez, Antonio. "’’A real fucking man’’: exploring migrant masculinities in Men withou th bliss by Rigoberto González from an ectopic perspective." Revista Internacional de Culturas y Literaturas, no. 25 (2022): 361–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ricl2022.i25.23.

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This project introduces the work of the Mexican-American author Rigoberto González into the Spanish literary panorama and focuses on his short story collection Men without Bliss. For an exhaustive analysis of his work, the starting point will be the analytical tool established by Tomás Albaladejo (2011) and his definition of “ectopic literature” which provides tools to study the process of reterritorialization as a consequence of migratory processes through literary works. As presented in other studies dealing with this theoretical background, we would emphasize the relationship between gender and migration. A detailed reading of Men without Bliss aims to confirm the possibilities to analyze his short-story collection from the prism of ectopic literature. The examination of masculine characters in González’s shortstories, and particularly the way(s) men experience processes of displacement are described are the main objectives of this work. By exploring this short-story collection, we classify characters according to different models of masculinity and identify how González depicts “traditional masculinity” and patriarchy as source for unhappiness.

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9

Roza, Isis Silva. "INTELECTUAIS NEGRAS E NEGROS PARTÍCIPES DE NÚCLEOS DE ESTUDOS AFRO-BRASILEIROS: PRÁTICAS E PRODUÇÕES TEÓRICAS." Estudos Históricos (Rio de Janeiro) 35, no. 77 (December 2022): 478–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2178-149420220308.

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Resumo O presente artigo objetiva compreender as práticas e a produção de conhecimento de intelectuais negras e negros partícipes de Núcleos de Estudos Afro-Brasileiros. Foram realizadas entrevistas com oito intelectuais negras(os) vinculadas(os) a instituições federais de ensino superior na região Sudeste e análise de duas produções teóricas de cada um dos sujeitos partícipes. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para práticas de lutas antirracistas e produções teóricas protagonistas em rememorar sujeitos e coletividades negras.

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10

Wang, Xiaotao. "Transnationalism in Maxine Hong Kingston’s China Men and Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club." Journal of Education and Culture Studies 4, no. 2 (May 20, 2020): p122. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jecs.v4n2p122.

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Chinese American literature is commonly interpreted as the narrative of the living experiences of Chinese Americans. Under the past nation-state research paradigm, Chinese American literature critics both in China and America are preoccupied with the “assimilation” of immigrants and their descendants in Chinese American literature texts, they argue that Chinese culture is the barrier for the immigrants to be fully assimilated into the mainstream society. But putting Chinese American literature under the context of globalization, these arguments seem inaccurate and out of date. This article examines the transnational practices and emotional attachments in Maxine Hong Kingston’s China Men and Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club to show that the identity in these two works are neither American nor Chinese, but transnational. Thus, Chinese American literature is not the writing of Chinese Americans’ Americanness, but a celebration of their transnationalism.

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11

Dimah, Keren Patricia, and Agber Dimah. "Prostate cancer among African American men: A review of empirical literature." Journal of African American Studies 7, no. 1 (June 2003): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12111-003-1001-x.

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12

Howard, Danielle A. D. "The (Afro) Future of Henry Box Brown." TDR: The Drama Review 65, no. 3 (September 2021): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1054204321000356.

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Henry Box Brown, a Black man born into slavery in the American South, devised an unforeseen yet ingenious plan to achieve emancipation: he was shipped to the North in a cramped, wooden box. The first testament of Brown’s escape was not his emergence from his box, but instead his voice responding to the box’s addressee. Later, Brown reenacts his original escape in Victorian England and becomes “The King of All Mesmerizers” by envisioning an alien future for himself, much like musician and philosopher-poet Sun Ra.

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13

Hill, William, and Dennis Lape. "American Humor in Literature and Politics." News for Teachers of Political Science 46 (1985): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0197901900001781.

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The lights dim. The students stir nervously, not sure of what to expect of the strobe light and the background music from "Thriller." The student course guide had recommended American Humor in Literature and Politics, but no one had been able to locate a living survivor to provide a personal testimony. Two middle-aged men of spacious girths enter the room and begin calling the roll. One looks like he might be a Democrat. The other one doesn't. As they alternate calling student names, crack terrible puns, and climb in and out of fright wigs and false noses, it begins to dawn on the class why no Ishmael has stepped forward to tell the story of American Humor.

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14

López-Gydosh, Dilia, and Joseph Hancock. "American Men and Identity: Contemporary African-American and Latino Style." Journal of American Culture 32, no. 1 (March 2009): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-734x.2009.00690.x.

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15

Wegener, Larry Edward, and Helen Trimpi. "Melville's Confidence Men and American Politics in the 1850s." American Literature 60, no. 3 (October 1988): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2926967.

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16

Stoneley, Peter. "Young Men and the Symmetrical Life." New England Quarterly 87, no. 2 (June 2014): 191–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00367.

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Denman Waldo Ross (1853–1935), professor at Harvard, was one of the most influential American art theorists and collectors of the early twentieth century. Drawing on archival texts and images, this essay places Ross's innovative work within its contexts of Platonic theory, racial anthropology, and homosexuality.

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17

Cochran, Donna L. "African American Fathers: A Decade Review of the Literature." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 78, no. 4 (August 1997): 340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.792.

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Research on African American fathers has changed dramatically during the past decade. The author seeks to understand the parental experience of African American fathers as they are portrayed in the literature. A computer search was conducted to identify articles on African American fathers published between 1986 and 1996. The author discusses theories used in research on African American fathers as well as limitations and gaps in the literature. Although significant changes have been made in the literature on African American fathers, more comprehensive research on the parenting experiences of these men is needed. Implications for research, policy, and practice are provided.

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18

Sherman, Ledric, and E. McKyer. "Where are they? The inclusion of African-American men in empirical studies of type 2 diabetes self-care management." Journal of Social Health and Diabetes 03, no. 02 (December 2015): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-0656.152820.

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Abstract Background: African-American Men experience higher rates of serious complications of diabetes, due in part to poor disease management. Yet it is unclear to what extent research been devoted to type 2 diabetes management in this population. Purpose: A need exists to clarify the extant literature on self-care management (SCM) practices of African-American Men with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature and methodological quality scoring (MQS) using the Garrard matrix method was performed. Low scores (0-1) indicate low representation of African-American men; highest score (3) indicate high inclusion of African-American men in the samples. The search targeted articles focused on type 2 diabetes self-care management, and which included samples of African-American Men. Each publication was reviewed and assigned a MQS by the researchers, who reached 100% concordance with the MQS. Results: Initial screening yielded 122 articles, but only 41 met full study inclusion criteria. These studies represent a combined sample size of 9,171 participants of which less than one-third (3,007; 32.8%) were clearly identifiable as African-American men. Only 7 studies had samples consisting 100% of African-American Men. Mixed methods approaches were used least (n = 9 studies), followed by quantitative approaches (n = 15 studies). Qualitative approaches was most commonly used (n = 17 studies). Most (n = 24) studies scored low (0 to 1 score), indicating low-level of inclusion of African-American Men in their sample. Discussion: In spite of the growing body of literature on managing type 2 diabetes, there is a paucity of information focused on a high-need and high-risk group - African-American Men. The exclusion of this population can result in adverse health consequences, given the high comorbidities associated with uncontrolled diabetes. Conclusion: Including more African-American Men in self-care management studies can help determine the factors affecting research participation among this group as well as to further understand the complexity that these men face regarding managing their diabetes.

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19

Evron, Nir. "“Fog-Shaped Men”: The Remnant Figure in Postbellum American Regionalism." Genre 52, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 179–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00166928-7965792.

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This essay isolates, analyzes, and contextualizes a prevalent character type in nineteenth-century American fiction that it calls (following Ina Ferris) the “remnant.” Although remnants appear in the earliest American experiments in fiction, the type becomes truly ubiquitous in postbellum regionalist writing. Depicted as living relics or belated leftovers from superseded cultural epochs, remnants, the essay claims, project the distinctly modern modalities of displacement and ontological insecurity into the regionalist texts they inhabit, thus unsettling the conventional critical readings of the genre as a backward-looking nostalgic form while also opening anew the question of regionalism’s complicated appeal for its contemporary readers. While beginning and ending with Sarah Orne Jewett’s representative remnant figure, Captain Littlepage, the essay also surveys several lesser-known examples, discusses the type’s peculiar characteristics, and speculates on the reactions it drew from its original audiences.

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20

ROMANIUK, JAROSŁAW R., ANNA KOTLARSKA-MICHALSKA, and KATHLEEN J. FARKAS. "AMERICAN PERSPECTIVES ON SUICIDALITY AMONG MEN IN POLAND." Society Register 5, no. 1 (March 8, 2021): 45–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sr.2021.5.1.03.

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This article examines sociological, psychological, and suicidological research on the determinants of male suicide to explore the fact that Polish men complete suicide 7.4 times more than women, a frequency twice as high as in the US. This paper is based upon an examination of relevant literature and statistical databases. A keyword search was completed in both Polish and English language databases. Ideals of masculinity and negative social attitudes towards a non-binary view of gender may increase stressors and discourage men in Poland from revealing their problems while seeking support, explaining the high rates of suicide completion among Polish men. Suicide prevention programs must tackle gender conceptualizations and alcohol use patterns as well as increase avenues for male help-seeking behaviors. These changes will require political and religious organizations to confront the weakening of male hegemony as the organizing principle for family and society. This paper explores the increased rate of male suicide in Poland from the perspective of gender.

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21

Peters, Catherine R. "Imperatives, Impossibilities, and Intimacies in the Imperial Archive: Chinese Men and Women of Colour in Early Nineteenth-Century Trinidad." Eighteenth-Century Fiction 34, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 187–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ecf.34.2.187.

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In this article, I elaborate on Lisa Lowe’s “intimacies as method” by examining the case of 198 Chinese men conscripted to Trinidad in 1806. I argue that tracing Chinese migration to the Caribbean in the early nineteenth century demonstrates that the British empire began to imagine new hierarchies of unfreedom for people of Asian and African descent before the abolition of chattel slavery. British imperial actors hoped that Chinese men would assume a mediating function between white planters and the extant population of colour in Trinidad. This vision was predicated on the assumption that the migrants would partner with women of colour to form heterosexual intimacies while also refraining from other forms of socio-political contact with Afro-Trinidadians. Lowe’s intimacies as method guides my navigation of the imperial archive and, in particular, compels me to think relationally about differentially colonized and racialized sub jects in early nineteenth-century Trinidad, both as they were positioned in the colony and as they refused these stereotypes, brokering their own transactions and collaborations.

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22

Williams, Oliver J. "Ethnically Sensitive Practice to Enhance Treatment Participation of African American Men who Batter." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 73, no. 10 (December 1992): 588–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949207301002.

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Partner violence is as much a problem for the African American community as it is for other racial and ethnic groups. Although the element of race may have an impact on the effectiveness of traditional treatment approaches to African American men who batter, literature on approaches to reduce this problem among African American men is sparse. The author examines how ethnically sensitive approaches combined with traditional methods may influence treatment outcomes in this population.

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23

Pierce, R., L. A. Chadiha, A. Vargas, and M. Mosley. "Prostate Cancer and Psychosocial Concerns in African American Men: Literature Synthesis and Recommendations." Health & Social Work 28, no. 4 (November 1, 2003): 302–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hsw/28.4.302.

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24

Leiwei Li, David. "China Men: Maxine Hong Kingston and the American Canon." American Literary History 2, no. 3 (1990): 482–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/2.3.482.

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25

Reynolds, Diane. "Prostate Cancer Screening in African American Men: Barriers and Methods for Improvement." American Journal of Men's Health 2, no. 2 (January 23, 2008): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988307312784.

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African American men have the highest rate of incidence for prostate cancer in the world and are more likely to die from the disease than other ethnic groups (National Institutes of Health, 1996). Routine screening for prostate cancer can lead to early detection of the disease, thereby reducing negative outcomes, but studies have shown that African American men are less likely than Caucasian men to engage in screening practices. Lack of access to health care, socioeconomic status, inadequate knowledge, fear, patient-provider communication, distrust of the medical profession, and aversion to digital rectal exam have been identified as possible barriers to prostate cancer screening in African American men. This literature review explores causes of this striking disparity between prostate cancer incidence and mortality in African American men and cites strategies used to improve prostate cancer screening rates among this population.

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26

DALLAS, CONSTANCE, and LINDA BURTON. "Health Disparities Among Men from Racial and Ethnic Minority Populations." Annual Review of Nursing Research 22, no. 1 (January 2004): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.22.1.77.

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The purpose of this chapter is to review empirical nursing literature on the health care of racial and ethnic minority men, specifically African American/Black, Hispanic/Latino, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and Asian/Pacific Islander men. CINAHL and MEDLINE computer databases were searched from their earliest online date until 2003 using a combination of manual and computer-based methods to identify the nursing literature with samples that included minority men. Articles were selected according to their relevance to the four areas of adult health disparities targeted by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS): heart disease, malignant neoplasms (cancer), diabetes, and HIV/AIDS.A total of 52 empirical articles were selected. Findings were categorized as addressing disease prevention, disease screening, or disease management of the targeted conditions. This review demonstrates that some important work has already been accomplished in nursing research to address the four adult health disparities targeted by DHHS. Future research should be based on gaps identified in existing literature and should be guided by culturally appropriate theories and constructs.

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27

Boddy, Kasia. "Making it long: men, women, and the great American novel now." Textual Practice 33, no. 2 (August 17, 2018): 318–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0950236x.2018.1509268.

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28

Gutjahr, P. "Sentimental Men: Masculinity and the Politics of Affect in American Culture." American Literature 72, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): 648–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-72-3-648.

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29

Weisenfeld, Judith. "‘Who is Sufficient For These Things?’ Sara G. Stanley and the American Missionary Association, 1864–1868." Church History 60, no. 4 (December 1991): 493–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3169030.

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The literature dealing with those women and men who dedicated themselves to teaching the newly freed slaves in the South during Reconstruction has grown considerably in recent years. From W. E. B. DuBois's Black Reconstruction in America in 1935, with its positive depiction of the role of these teachers through Henry L.ee Swint's 1941 work, The Northern Teacher in the South, with its negative stereotype to more recent works, we now have a body of literature which has begun to examine this group in a more thorough and complex manner.1 The general stereotype which often appears in the literature is of the missionar teacher as a white woman from New England, fresh from the abolitionist movement. While it is true that many teachers fit into this category, there were also many African-American teachers and missionaries, both women and men.2 A good deal of the literature has dealt, at least briefly, with the ways in which African-American men functioned in the context of such organizations as the American Missionary Association (AMA). However, the experience of these men was different from that of African- American women, in part because these men were more likely to be givenadministrative positions in the organizations, either as principals, field agents, or supported missionaries. Most of the women, then, were more likely to remain “in the trenches” as teachers during their tenure with the missionary society.3

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30

Reed, Peter. "Spectacular Men: Race, Gender, and Nation on the Early American Stage." New England Quarterly 91, no. 2 (June 2018): 361–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_r_00678.

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31

Shulman, Robert, and Donald J. Greiner. "Women Without Men: Female Bonding and the American Novel of the 1980s." American Literature 66, no. 3 (September 1994): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2927627.

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32

Cutler, J. A. "Disappeared Men: Chicana/o Authenticity and the American War in Viet Nam." American Literature 81, no. 3 (January 1, 2009): 583–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-2009-027.

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33

Donlon, Anne, and Evelyn Scaramella. "Four Poems from Langston Hughes's Spanish Civil War Verse." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 134, no. 3 (May 2019): 562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2019.134.3.562.

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Langston Hughes traveled to Spain in 1937, during that Country's Civil War. He saw the Republic's Fight against Franco as an international fight against fascism, racism, and colonialism and for the rights of workers and minorities. Throughout the 1930s, Hughes organized for justice, at home and abroad, often engaging with communist and other left political organizations, like the Communist Party USA's John Reed Club, the League of Struggle for Negro Rights, and the International Workers' Order (Rampersad, Life 236, 286, 355; Scott). When the war in Spain began, in 1936, workers and intellectuals who were engaged on the left came from around the world to fight against Franco's forces; these volunteers, the International Brigades, included approximately 2,800 Americans known as the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, of which about ninety were African American (Carroll vii; “African Americans”). Hughes went to Spain to interview black antifascist volunteers in the International Brigades and write about their experiences for the Baltimore Afro-American, VolunteerforLiberty, and other publications. Much of Hughes's writing from Spain sought to explain to people at home why men and women, and African diasporic people especially, had risked their lives to fight in Spain. Hughes profiled African Americans fighting for the first time alongside white comrades in the International Brigades, including Ralph Thornton, Thaddeus Battle, and Milton Herndon (“Pittsburgh Soldier Hero,” “Howard Man,” “Milt Herndon”). In addition to writing articles, he wrote poetry, gave radio speeches, and translated poems and plays from Spanish into English. Much of Hughes's work from the Spanish Civil War has been collected in anthologies. However, so prolific was Hughes, and so fastidious was he in saving drafts and ensuring they reach his collection at Yale University's Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, that many unpublished works exist in archives. The four poems here represent different poetic registers and levels of polish, and they illuminate the dynamic range of Hughes's literary production during his time in Spain.

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Jennifer Travis. "Men Beyond Desire: Manhood, Sex, and Violation in American Literature, and: Family, Kinship, and Sympathy in Nineteenth-Century American Literature (review)." Studies in the Novel 41, no. 2 (2010): 261–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sdn.0.0038.

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35

Graham, Louis F., Lamont Scott, Erus Lopeyok, Henry Douglas, Aline Gubrium, and David Buchanan. "Outreach Strategies to Recruit Low-Income African American Men to Participate in Health Promotion Programs and Research: Lessons From the Men of Color Health Awareness (MOCHA) Project." American Journal of Men's Health 12, no. 5 (April 26, 2018): 1307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988318768602.

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African American men continue to bear a disproportionate share of the burden of disease. Engaging these men in health research and health promotion programs—especially lower-income, African American men who are vulnerable to chronic disease conditions such as obesity and heart disease—has historically proven quite difficult for researchers and public health practitioners. The few effective outreach strategies identified in the literature to date are largely limited to recruiting through hospital clinics, churches, and barbershops. The Men of Color Health Awareness (MOCHA) project is a grassroots, community-driven initiative that has developed a number of innovative outreach strategies. After describing these strategies, we present data on the demographic and health characteristics of the population reached using these methods, which indicate that MOCHA has been highly effective in reaching this population of men.

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36

Marcinkiewicz, Paweł. "Ideology in Polish Translations of Anglo-American Literature." Translation Studies: Theory and Practice 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/tstp/2021.1.1.109.

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Ideology has always influenced translation, yet this fact became a topic of scholarly research only in the 1990s. The working of ideology in literary translations most often manifests itself as a conflict of value systems. From vast reservoir of foreign sources, the native axiology absorbs values that it needs to sustain its culture. It is not a coincidence that Anglo-American literature, propagating ideas of democracy and individual freedom, became popular in Poland in the first half of the nineteenth-century when Poland did not exist as a state. Only a century later, American literature was the most popular of all foreign literatures in pre-1939 Poland. World War II changed this situation, and the Soviet-controlled apparatchiks favored translations that were “politically correct.” Yet, because of their connections with earlier revolutionary movements, avant-garde Anglo-American writers were often published during the communist regime, for example Virginia Woolf, whose novels were standardized to appeal to the tastes of popular readers. After Poland regained independence in 1989, the national book market was privatized and commercialized, and avant-garde literature needed advertising to get noticed. Cormack McCarthy’s novels were translated into Polish on the wave of popularity of the Coen brothers movie based on No Country for Old Men. The two Polish translations of McCarthy’s novel try to sound like a typical hard-boiled realistic fiction. This is where the ideology of consumerism meets the ideology of communism: literature is a means to sustain – and control – a cultural monolith, where all differences are perceived as possible threats to social order.

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Hashemi, Mahsa. "A Few Bad Friends: Dynamics of Male Dominance and Failure of Masculine Bonding in David Mamet’s Glengarry Glen Ross." arcadia 55, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 122–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arcadia-2020-0002.

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AbstractDavid Mamet is often considered as the quintessential dramatist of American urban life whose stage is peopled exclusively, and at times questionably, with men. Glengarry Glen Ross is the outstanding epitome of Mamet’s avid engagement with the world of men and their primordial, instinctive thirst for dominance, authority, and the celebration of their masculine prowess. Exploring the turbulent dynamics of male interactions determined and affected by contemporary capitalism, the present study investigates the disturbed depiction of masculinity and male bonding. Mainstream masculinity has been fundamentally linked to power and organized for domination. Historically changing and politically fraught, masculinity is the product of social learning or socialization. Rather than a celebration of the camaraderie of men, as most criticisms of Mamet focus upon, it is argued that the play highlights the failure of such fellowship and the tragic consequences. In Mamet, capitalism and the market economy do to men what in a patriarchal system men do to women: marginalize, dominate, displace. Men, therefore, are losing their cultural centrality, and with that, their capacity for constructive male bonds. Glengarry Glen Ross faithfully captures the sad ethos of American capitalism. The dynamics of dominance and success, the exercise of power, and the hierarchies of control lead to a dysfunctional network of male connections and interactions. Men are expected to develop more instrumentally functioning abilities and roles while maintaining the more expressively dominant roles they used to possess. Caught in between, they are only subject to alienation. This is the paradox of contemporary American men.

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Rowell, K. L., B. L. Green, J. Guidry, and J. Eddy. "Factors associated with suicide among African American adult men: a systematic review of the literature." Journal of Men's Health 5, no. 4 (December 2008): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jomh.2008.09.013.

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Phillips, Gregory, James Peterson, Diane Binson, Julia Hidalgo, Manya Magnus, and for the YMSM of color SPNS Initiati. "House/ball culture and adolescent African-American transgender persons and men who have sex with men: a synthesis of the literature." AIDS Care 23, no. 4 (January 24, 2011): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2010.516334.

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Al-Momani, Hassan. "A Contrastive Analysis of the Notion of Marriage in the Nineteenth American Literature and the Pre-Islamic Arabic Literature." International Journal of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies 5, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijclts.v.5n.1p.65.

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The current study aims at contrasting the notion of marriage in the nineteenth American literature with that of the pre-Islamic Arabic literature. To conduct the study, the marriage advice given by the mother (Marmee) in Alcott's Little Women will be compared with Umama Bint Al-Harith's in the pre-Islamic era to see how women in both literatures view marriage and the status of womanhood in their own cultures. A close reading contrastive analysis will be implemented on both pieces of advice to see how the culture influences the mothers' notion of marriage in both texts. The study concludes that although the notion of marriage is similar in both literatures, it is different due to the cultural effect on women's perception of their status in their cultures of their relationship with men.

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Pratt, Lloyd. "Early American Literature and Its Exclusions." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 128, no. 4 (October 2013): 983–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2013.128.4.983.

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James Allen, the author of an “epic poem” entitled “Bunker Hill,” of which but a few fragments have been published, lived in the same period. The world lost nothing by “his neglect of fame.”—Rufus Griswold, The Poets and Poetry of AmericaAcross several of his influential anthologies of american literature, rufus griswold—nineteenth-century anthologist, poet, and erstwhile editor of Edgar Allan Poe—offers conflicting measures of what we now call early American literature. In The Prose Writers of America, for example, which first appeared in 1847 and later went into multiple editions, Griswold offers a familiar and currently derided set of parameters for this corpus of writing. In his prefatory remarks, dated May 1847, he explains that he has chosen not to include “the merely successful writers” who precede him. Although success might appear a high enough bar to warrant inclusion, he emphasizes that he has focused on writers who “have evinced unusual powers in controlling the national mind, or in forming the national character …” (5). This emphasis on what has been nationally consequential echoes other moments in Prose Writers, as well as paratextual material in his earlier The Poets and Poetry of America (1842) and his Female Poets of America (1848). In his several miniature screeds condemning the lack of international copyright, as well as the consequent flooding of the American market with cheap reprints, Griswold explains the “difficulties and dangers” this lack poses to “American literature”: “Injurious as it is to the foreign author, it is more so to the American [people,] whom it deprives of that nationality of feeling which is among the first and most powerful incentives to every feat of greatness” (Prose Writers 6). In The Poets and Poetry of America, he similarly complains that America's “national tastes and feelings are fashioned by the subject of kings; and they will continue so to be, until [there is] an honest and political system of reciprocalcopyright …” (v). Even in The Female Poets of America, the subject of which one might think would change the nature of this conversation, Griswold returns to the national project, examining the significance of women writers for it. He cites the fact that several of the poets included in this volume have written from lives that were “no holydays of leisure” but defined rather by everything from “practical duties” to the experience of slavery. He also responds to those carping “foreign critics” who propose that “our citizens are too much devoted to business and politics to feel interest in pursuits which adorn but do not profit”; these home-laboring women writers, he argues, may end up being the source of that which is most genuinely American and most correctly poetic: “Those who cherish a belief that the progress of society in this country is destined to develop a school of art, original and special, will perhaps find more decided indications of the infusion of our domestic spirit and temper in literature, in the poetry of our female authors, than in that of our men” (8). As it turns out, even women poets are held to the standard of national self-expression and national self-realization; the surprise lies only in the fact that they live up to this standard.

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Ulmer, Jesse Gerlach. "Shane and the Language of Men." arcadia 53, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arcadia-2018-0005.

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AbstractJane Tompkins has argued that a deeply conflicted relationship exists between men and language in the Western. Deploying too much language emasculates Western heroes, men who privilege action over talk. For support, Tompkins turns to a number of moments in Shane, the 1953 film adaptation of the 1949 novel of the same title by Jack Schaefer. Tompkins argues that the film constructs a model of masculinity that wholly rejects language, a move that is destructive and exploitative to self and others. However, a close reexamination of the novel reveals a model of masculinity that is more positive and flexible towards language and gender than Tompkins’s views on the Western suggest. A close rereading of the novel shows that men in Westerns do not always use talk and silence to subjugate women and others, and that the valuing of language over action does not always end in violence or exploitation. Furthermore, the film adaptation of the novel will be examined, a work that occupies a more cherished place in American culture than the novel, a situation that is the reverse of traditional cultural hierarchies in which the literary source material is privileged over the film adaptation. Ultimately, the novel and film are engaging in different ways, yet Schaefer’s novel, rather than being relegated to middle school literature classrooms, rewards serious critical and scholarly attention, particularly in the context of the film adaptation and critical discourse on the representation of masculinity in the Western.

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Craig, Maxine Leeds. "Book Review: Real Men Don’t Sing: Crooning in American Culture." Men and Masculinities 20, no. 2 (August 26, 2016): 273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x16663606.

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Consedine, Nathan S. "Are We Worrying About the Right Men and Are the Right Men Feeling Worried? Conscious But Not Unconscious Prostate Anxiety Predicts Screening Among Men From Three Ethnic Groups." American Journal of Men's Health 6, no. 1 (August 23, 2011): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988311415513.

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Anxieties regarding cancer and screening have been consistently linked in prostate screening behavior with cancer-related anxieties generally thought to be higher among minority men. To date, however, the literature linking cancer anxieties to screening among diverse men remains predicated on self-reported anxiety. Research has yet to consider how “accurate” the reporting of anxiety may be among distinct groups of men or the possibility that anxiety may influence prostate cancer (PC) screening behavior through conscious and nonconscious channels; the current study tested for discrepancies between self-report and Stroop-ascertained general- and prostate-specific anxiety and their links to screening among 180 U.S.-born African American, U.S.-born European American, and immigrant Jamaican men. Men provided self-report information regarding trait and prostate-related anxiety and completed an emotional Stroop task. Mixed model ANOVAs showed that while U.S.-born African Americans had few discrepancies between self-report and Stroop-ascertained anxiety, Jamaicans reported greater PC anxiety than indicated by Stroop performance, while the opposite was true among U.S.-born Europeans. As expected, self-reported (but not Stroop-ascertained) PC anxiety predicted screening in multivariate analysis. Although men from different age and ethnic groups varied in the discrepancy between self-reported and Stroop-ascertained PC anxiety, the influence of avoidance-producing emotions appears to operate predominantly through conscious channels.

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Chan, Lik Sam, Yao Sun, Yusi Xu, and Margaret L. McLaughlin. "Acculturation to Both American and Chinese Cultures Predicts Condom Use Intent Among U.S.-Dwelling Chinese/Taiwanese Men Who Have Sex With Men." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 94, no. 2 (February 10, 2017): 552–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077699017692522.

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The Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction is used to assess how, through shaping people’s attitudes, perceived norms, and self-efficacy, acculturation affects the intent to use a condom with casual sex partners among U.S.-dwelling Chinese/Taiwanese men who have sex with men. Results suggest that only acculturation to both American and Chinese cultures leads to a more favorable attitude toward using a condom, which eventually determines the intent to do so. The study contributes to the literature on acculturation and safe sex practice and provides theoretical and practical implications for public health researchers and practitioners.

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McColm, Christopher. "From Wiseguys to Wise Men: The Gangster and Italian-American Masculinities." Journal of Popular Culture 41, no. 2 (April 2008): 353–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5931.2008.00516.x.

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Rogers, Mark C. "Of Comics and Men: A Cultural History of American Comic Books." Journal of Popular Culture 43, no. 4 (July 19, 2010): 911–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5931.2010.00776_8.x.

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Anderson, Crystal S. "Chinatown Black Tigers: Black Masculinity and Chinese Heroism in Frank Chin's Gunga Din Highway." Ethnic Studies Review 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/esr.2003.26.1.67.

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Images of ominous villains and asexual heroes in literature and mainstream American culture tend to relegate Asian American men to limited expressions of masculinity. These emasculating images deny Asian American men elements of traditional masculinity, including agency and strength. Many recognize the efforts of Frank Chin, a Chinese American novelist, to confront, expose, and revise such images by relying on a tradition of Chinese heroism. In Gunga Din Highway (1994), however, Chin creates an Asian American masculinity based on elements of both the Chinese heroic tradition and a distinct brand of African American masculinity manifested in the work of Ishmael Reed, an African American novelist and essayist known for his outspoken style. Rather than transforming traditional masculinity to include Asian American manhood, Chin's images of men represent an appropriation of elements from two ethnic sources that Chin uses to underscore those of Asian Americans. While deconstructing the reductive images advocated by the dominant culture, Chin critiques the very black masculinity he adopts. Ultimately he fails to envision modes of masculinity not based on dominance, yet Chin's approach also can be read as the ultimate expression of Asian American individualism.

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Lichtenstein, Bronwen. "Drugs, Incarceration, and HIV/AIDS Among African American Men: A Critical Literature Review and Call to Action." American Journal of Men's Health 3, no. 3 (July 9, 2008): 252–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988308320695.

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Incarceration and HIV/AIDS disproportionately affect African American men compared to the U.S. population as a whole. Disparities in relation to crime and HIV/AIDS for Black men suggest that these phenomena have elements in common, particularly given the mediating role of illicit drug use or drug activities in both cases. A socioecological exploration of how and why these twin epidemics intersect (and the role of drug-related activities as mediating variables) is needed illicit drug use or to address the impact of these epidemics on the health and well-being of communities of color. This article critically reviews relevant articles, research reports, and official statistics, as well as conceptual frames of reference for information on the socioecological synergies between crime, drugs, and HIV/AIDS. The article recommends five calls for action for policies to mitigate the cumulative negative effects of these epidemics and for interventions to enhance the life chances of at-risk Black men.

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A Giha, Hayder, Osman Al-Sayed, Osman Alamin, and Sara Osman AbdAllah Hassan. "Disparity of risk factors and concordance of NLR with Gensini score in acute coronary syndrome in an Afro-Arab multiethnic nation." Cardiology Research and Reports 4, no. 2 (March 11, 2022): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2692-9759/038.

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Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), is ischemic heart disease of varying risk factors and clinical pattern and with immense health burden worldwide. Inflammation is believed to be an etiological factor in ACS, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), to be a biomarker. Objectives: To describe the clinical pattern and risk factors of ACS in Afro-Arabs of Sudan and to evaluate the NLR as a severity marker. Method: In a total population, cross-sectional study, conducted in Al-Shaab Hospital- Sudan, clinical, laboratory and ECG data were used for ACS grouping into unstable angina (UA), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and STEMI. All patients underwent coronary angiography (CAG) and their Gensini score and NLR were calculated. Results: A total of 130 patients (62.3% men) of a median age of 58.0, 50.0-65.0 yrs., (range 32.0-82.0), were diagnosed with ACS; 44.6% STEMI, 37.7% NSTEMI and 17.7% UA. The median Gensini score was higher in STEMI (42.5, 12.0-71.0) and NSTEMI (40.0, 15.8-60.5) compared with UA (10.0, 5.0-23.0), p 0.002, similarly, was the NLR; 3.5, 1.6-4.6; 2.9, 1.5-3.8 and 0.9, 0.8-1.1, respectively p<0.001. Furthermore, the NLR in concordance with CAG findings p<0.001. Finally, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, respectively, were stronger ACS risk factors in women than in men unlike smoking, and family history imposed the least risk. Conclusion: While the ACS clinical pattern was in-line with literature, the risk factors order was different, and it was different between sexes. Importantly, the NLR strongly associated with ACS severity, but failed to distinguish between NSTEMI and STEMI.

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