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1
Takács, Gábor. "Marginal notes on the project for an etymological dictionary of the Mubi-Toram languages." Lingua Posnaniensis 63, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/linpo.2021.63.2.4.
Full textAbstract:
The paper accompanies the second part of a planned longer series “Mubi-Toram lexicon and Afro-Asiatic” as a kind of belated extended introduction surveying some new results in the grouping of these languages as well as into some principles guiding our research designed to step by step reveal the Chadic and wider Afro-Asiatic cognate heritage in the lexical stock of the Mubi-Toram languages which represent the easternmost (26th) and sprachgeschichtlich perhaps the most enigmatic group of the vaste Chadic (i.e., 6th) branch of the gigantic Afro-Asiatic family.
2
Takács, Gábor. "Mubi-Toram lexicon and Afro-Asiatic III: Lexemes with initial *ḅ-." Lingua Posnaniensis 64, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 77–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/linpo.2022.64.2.4.
Full textAbstract:
The paper is another part of a planned longer series designed to step by step reveal the Chadic and wider Afro-Asiatic cognate heritage in the lexical stock of the Mubi-Toram languages which represent the easternmost (27th) group of the vast (6th) Chadic branch of the gigantic Afro-Asiatic family.
3
Kapranov, Y. V. "Diachronic Interpretation of Phonomorphological and Semantic Regularities of Nostratic (Based on *HuḲa “eye”)." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 9. Current Trends in Language Development, no. 19 (January 12, 2020): 74–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series9.2019.19.05.
Full textAbstract:
The diachronic interpretation of Indo-European *hṷekṷ- / *heuk- “eye, to see”, Altaic *uka- “to notice, to understand” and Afro-Asiatic *Hwq- “to know”, originating from Nostratic *HuḲa “eye, to see”, allowed to establish both divergent and convergent types of linguistic relationship among them, for which the close (Indo-European, Altaic, Afro-Asiatic) and remote / distant (Indo-European / Afro-Asiatic and Altaic) types of language relationship have been established, depending on the action of the main phonomorphological and semantic regularities.The degree of manifestation of phonomorphological laws indicates a close type of language relationship among Indo-European, Altaic and Afro-Asiatic language families. They are: 1) the law on the three-letter / three-phonemic root structure of an archetype (according to E. Benvenist), which corresponds to the law on the consonant root (according to A G. Belova): it helped to fix three phonemes in Indo-European *hṷekṷ- / *heuk-, Altaic *uka- and Afro-Asiatic *Hwq-, as well as to trace the reflexes of this structure in the genetic data material of these language families; 2) the law of the mora is fixed in the Indo-European *hṷekṷ- / *heuk-, Altaic *uka- and Afro-Asiatic *Hwq-, the forms of which correspond to a monosyllable structure, and mono- and multisyllable structures have been observed in the genetic data material; 3) the process of spirantisation consists in weakening the consonant phoneme /q/, i.e. the reflection /q/ into /k/ and /x/; 4) the process of “pharyngisation” can be traced at the end of monosyllabic words, where it could occur by analogy with those forms of the word where the consonant was intervocal; 5) the law on the pronunciation of short vowel phonemes /a/ and /u/, where such features are represented: 1) the degree of solution of the oral cavity; 2) hardness / softness (low tonality / high tonality); 3) absence or presence of labilisation; 6) the law of prosody, which consists in the realisation of stress in accordance with various languages; 7) the law of an open syllable.The degree of phonomorphological manifestations indicates a remote / distant form of language relationship between Indo-European / Afro-Asiatic and Altaic language families, where one of the provisions of the phonetic prohibitions of Jucquо, i.e. when the initial and final laryngals are not allowed, is traced in the Indo-European *hṷekṷ- / *heuk- and Afro-Asiatic *Hwq-.The degree of manifestation of semantic laws indicates a close type of language relationship among Indo-European, Altaic and Afro-Asiatic language families, where 2 lexico-semantic variants (LSV) were fixed: 1) somatism; 2) action. If in the Indo-European *hṷekṷ- / *heuk- “eye, to see” 2 LSVs are fixed: 1) somatism; 2) action, but in the Altaic *uka- “to notice, to understand”, including Turkic *uk(ā)- “to raise, to listen” and Mongolian *uk- “to notice”, as well as the Afro-Asiatic *Hwq- “to know” – only 1 LSV – 2) action.
4
Takács, Gábor. "Mubi-Toram lexicon and Afro-Asiatic IV: Addenda with *b- (Part 2)." Lingua Posnaniensis 65, no. 2 (December 29, 2023): 103–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/linpo.2023.65.2.5.
Full textAbstract:
The paper is another part of a planned longer series designed to step by step reveal the Chadic and wider Afro-Asiatic cognate heritage in the lexical stock of the Mubi-Toram languages which represent the easternmost (26th) group of the vaste Chadic (i.e., 6th) branch of the gigantic Afro-Asiatic family.
5
Akmal, Saiful, Lala Barzanzia Harley, Rahmikawati Rahmikawati, and Titin Arifa Maulida. "Acehnese Loanwords and Contact with Other World's Languages." Lingua Cultura 16, no. 2 (May 10, 2023): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v16i2.7909.
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The research aimed to uncover some Acehnese loanwords’ etymological and historical roots, which may help unravel the relationships between the world’s languages. The method applied in the research was the word-etymology model or lexical etymology to trace the word’s origins in historical linguistics. In addition, the systematic comparison with other related languages and semantic change typology were also exercised for the purpose of analysis. The data consisted of some selected Acehnese loanwords from the phone interviews with the participants selected purposively in different districts in Aceh. The findings reveal that the Acehnese language is etymologically categorized as part of the Austronesian language (Chamic and Malay), Arabic Afro-Asiatic language, Sanskrit (Bengali, Urdu, Gujarat), English, and Indo-European. The research attests that Acehnese loanwords may also be influenced by cross-language loanwords and borrowings simultaneously, such as Arabic from the Afro-Asiatic language family, Dutch or German, and English from the Indo-European language.
6
Takács, Gábor. "Angas-Sura etymologies XIII." Lingua Posnaniensis 65, no. 2 (December 29, 2023): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/linpo.2023.65.2.4.
Full textAbstract:
The paper as part of a long-running series is devoted to the etymological analysis of a new segment (namely that with initial dental *d-) of the Angas-Sura root stock, a small group of modern languages remotely and ultimately akin to pharaonic Egyptian and the well-known Semitic languages or Twareg in the Sahara etc. Doing so, I wish to continue the noble tradition initiated by J.H. Greenberg (1958), the founding father of modern Afro-Asiatic comparative linguistics (along with I.M. Diakonoff), who was the first scholar ever to have established by Neo-Grammarian the methods regular consonantal correspondences between Angas-Sura (AS) and ancient Egyptian in his pioneering (painfully isolated) paper on the ancient trichotomy of the word-initial labials in both branches. Nowadays our chances in following this path are substantially more favourable being equipped with our gigantic comparative root catalogue system of the Egyptian etymologies ever published (ongoing since 1994) and of the Afro-Asiatic parental lexical stock (ongoing since 1999). This series of papers represents the author’s ongoing project for an etymological dictionary of the Angas-Sura languages comprising their entire Afro-Asiatic cognacy.
7
Takács, Gábor. "Mubi-Toram lexicon and Afro-Asiatic II: Addenda with *b-." Lingua Posnaniensis 65, no. 1 (December 29, 2023): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/linpo.2023.65.1.4.
Full textAbstract:
The paper is part of a planned longer series designed to step by step reveal the Chadic and wider Afro-Asiatic heritage in the lexical stock of the Mubi-Toram languages which represent the easternmost (26th or 27th)[1] group of the vaste Chadic (i.e., 6th) branch of the gigantic Afro-Asiatic family.
[1] Depending on the disputed classification of Mokilko (Mokulu) as either part of the Dangla-Migama group or a separate group itself.
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Takács, Gábor. "Omotic lexicon in its Afro-Asiatic setting VI: Addenda to Omotic roots with *ḅ-, *ṗ-, *p- (or *f-)a." Lingua Posnaniensis 63, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 85–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/linpo-2021-0005.
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Abstract The paper is a new contribution to revealing the Afro-Asiatic heritage in the lexicon of the Omotic languages by means of interbranch comparison using a.o. the ancient Egypto-Semitic evidence.
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Takács, Gábor. "Dangla-Migama and Afro-Asiatic III: Root Initial *ḅ-a." Lingua Posnaniensis 63, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/linpo-2021-0004.
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Abstract The paper is a new contribution to revealing the Afro-Asiatic heritage in the lexicon of the Dangla-Migama group of Chadic languages by means of interbranch comparison using a.o. the ancient Egypto-Semitic evidence.
10
Takács, Gábor. "Angas-Sura Etymologies IX." Lingua Posnaniensis 63, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/linpo-2021-0003.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The paper is a new contribution to revealing the Afro-Asiatic heritage in the lexicon of the Angas-Sura group of Chadic languages by means of interbranch comparison using a.o. the ancient Egypto-Semitic evidence.
11
Takács, Gábor. "Lexica afroasiatica vi." Lingua Posnaniensis 54, no. 1 (October 1, 2012): 99–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10122-012-0009-x.
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Abstract Gábor Takács. Lexica Afroasiatica VI. Lingua Posnaniensis, vol. L IV (1)/2012. The Poznań Society for the Advancement of the Arts and Sciences. PL ISSN 0079-4740, ISBN 978-83-7654-103-7, pp. 99-132. Comparative-historical Afro-Asiatic linguistics has undergone a significant development over the past half century, since the appearence Essai comparatif sur le vocabulaire et la phonétique du chamitosémitique (1947) by Marcel Cohen. This revolutionary and fundamental synthesis concluded the second great period of the comparative research on Afro-Asiatic lexicon (the so-called “old school”, cf. E DE I 2-4). During the third period (second half of the 20th century), whose beginning was hallmarked by the names of J .H. Greenberg and I.M. Diakonoff, an enormous quantity of new lexical material (both descriptive and comparative) has been published, including a few most recent attempts (either unfinished or rather problematic) at compiling an Afro-Asiatic compartive dictionary (SISAJ a I-III, H CVA I-V, H SED, Ehret 1995). During my current work on the Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian (Leiden, since 1999-, E .J. Brill), Ihave collected a great number of new AA parallels, which - to the best of my knowledge - have not yet been proposed in the literature (I did my best to note it wherever Inoticed an overlapping with the existing Afro-Asiatic dictionaries). Along the E DE project (and the underlying “Egyptian etymological word catalogue”), Ihave started collecting AA roots (not attested in Egyptian) for a separate Afro- Asiatic root catalogue in late 1999.1 The series Lexica Afroasiatica started in 20022 in order to contribute to the existing and published materials of comparative Afro-Asiatic lexicon with new lexical correspondences observed recently during my work, which may later serve as basis of a new synthesis of the Afro-Asiatic comparative lexicon. The present part of this series is a collection of new Afro-Asiatic etymologies with the Proto-Afro- Asiatic initial bilabial nasal (*m-), which results directly from my research at Institut für Afrikanische Sprachwisenschaften of Frankfurt a/M (in 1999-2000 and 2002) guided by Prof. H . Jungraithmayr.3 The numeration of the etymological entries is continuous beginning from the first part of the series Lexica Afroasiatica. Each entry is headed by the proposed PAA root (as tentatively reconstructed by myself). Author names are placed after the quoted linguistic forms in square brackets [] mostly in an abbreviated form (a key can be found at the end of the paper). The lexical data in the individual lexicon entries have been arranged in the order of the current classification of the Afro-Asiatic daughter languages (originating from J.H. Greenberg 1955, 1963 and I.M. Diakonoff 1965) in 5 (or 6) equivalent branches: (1) Semitic, (2) Egyptian, (3) Berber, (4) Cushitic, (5) Omotic (cometimes conceived as West Cushitic), (6) Chadic. For a detailed list of all daughter languages cf. E DE I 9-34. The number of vertical strokes indicate the closeness of the language units from which data are quoted: ||| separate branches (the 6 largest units within the family), || groups (such as East vs. South Cushitic or West vs. East Chadic), while | divides data from diverse sub-groups (e.g., Angas-Sura vs. North Bauchi within West Chadic). Since we know little about the Proto-Afro-Asiatic vowel system, the proposed list of the reconstructed Proto-Afro-Asiatic forms is arranged according to consonantal roots (even the nominal roots). Sometimes, nevertheless, it was possible to establish the root vowel, which is given in the paper additionally in brackets. The lexical parallels suggested herein, are based on the preliminary results in reconstructing the consonant correspondences achieved by the Russian team of I.M. Diakonoff (available in a number of publications4) as well as on my own observations refining the Russian results (most importantly Takács 2001). The most important results can be summarized as follows. The labial triad *b - *p - *f remained unchanged in Egyptian, South Cushitic, and Chadic, while the dental series *d - *t - *s was kept as such by Semitic and South Cushitic (AA *s continued as *T in Berber, Cushitic and Chadic, and it was merged into t vs. d in Egyptian). The fine distinction of the diverse sibilant affricates and spirants (AA *c, *μ, *@, *s, *D, *¸, *E, *b, *ĉ, *H, *ŝ) was best preserved in Semitic, South Cushitic and West Chadic (while some of these phonemes suffered a merger in other branches and groups). The Russian scholars assumed a triad of postvelar (uvulear) stops with a voiceless spirant counterpart: *-, *", *q, and *¯, the distinction of which was retained in Cushitic and Chadic, but was merged into *¯ in Semitic and Egyptian. In a number of cases, however, it is still difficult to exactly reconstruct the root consonants on the basis of the available cognates (esp. when these are from the modern branches, e.g., Berber, Cushitic-Omotic, or Chadic). In such cases, the corresponding capitals are used (denoting only the place of articulation).
12
Wilson-Wright, Aren. "Father, brother, and father-in-law as III-w nouns in Semitic." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 79, no. 1 (February 2016): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x15000956.
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AbstractIn this paper, I argue that the Semitic kinship terms *ʔab-‘father’, *ʔaḫ-‘brother’, and*ḥam-‘father-in-law’ originally ended in aw, which left traces in several of their forms. In the singular, thewcontracted with the case vowels leaving a distinctive pattern of short and long vowels in the unbound, bound, and suffixal forms. In the plural, thewwas retained in several languages due to the insertion of ana-vowel between the final two root consonants, a common Afro-Asiatic pluralization strategy: *ʔabw- > *ʔabaw. I further suggest that the West Semitic plural morpheme-awwas derived by analogy with the plurals *ʔabawand *ʔaḫaw, and is not, as commonly suggested, an inherited Semitic or Afro-Asiatic plural marker.
13
Takács, Gábor. "Dangla-Migama and Afro-Asiatic IV: Root initial *ḅ- with C2 sonants." Lingua Posnaniensis 64, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 97–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/linpo.2022.64.1.5.
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The paper is a new contribution to revealing the Afro-Asiatic heritage in the lexical root stock of the Dangla-Migama group of Chadic languages by means of inter-branch comparison primarily using, among others, the ancient Egypto-Semitic etymological evidence.
14
Takács, Gábor. "SOME BERBER ETYMOLOGIES X." Lingua Posnaniensis 55, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/linpo-2013-0007.
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Abstract My series “Some Berber Etymologies” is to gradually reveal the still unknown immense Afro-Asiatic heritage in the Berber lexical stock. The first part with some miscellaneous Berber etymologies was published back in 1996. Recently, I continued the series according to initial root consonants1 in course of my research for the volumes of the Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian (abbreviated as EDE, Leiden, since 1999, Brill)2 with a much more extensive lexicographical apparatus on the cognate Afro- Asiatic daughter languages. As for the present part, it greatly exploits the results of my ongoing work for the the fourth volume of EDE (analyzining the Eg. lexical stock with initial n-). The present part contains etymologies of Berber roots with initial *n- followed by sibilants. The numeration of the entries continues that of the preceding parts of this series. In order to spare room, I quote those well-attested and widespread lexical roots that appear common Berber, only through a few illustrative examples. The underlying regular consonant correspondences between Berber vs. Afro-Asiatic agree with those established by the Russian team of I.M. Diakonoff and summarized by A.Ju. MILITAREV: (1991, 242-243).
15
Stolbova, O. V. "THE SINGULATIVE MARKER n- IN CHADIC LANGUAGES: A RECONSTRUCTION." Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, no. 1 (11) (2020): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2020-1-294-302.
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The Afro-asiatic macro family includes Chadic, Semitic, Egyptian, Cushitic, Omotic, and Berber languages. The Chadic branch consists of about 170 languages spoken in Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon and Chad. The present paper continues a series of publications on Chadic diachronic morphology, focusing on prefixal derivation morphology. (For the velar prefix k- in different noun groups of Chadic languages and the verbalizing prefix ˀa-, see: [Stolbova 2015; 2018]. We propose a reconstruction of the singulative marker n- in Chadic nouns. As follows from our previous studies, lexicalized (or “frozen”) affixes are typical of unwritten Chadic languages; they can be uncovered only on the basis of lexical comparison. A careful analysis of singular forms derived from collective nouns denoting people, hoofed animals or insects suggests that the initial nasal in singular forms should be identified as a derivational prefix. We argue that in Chadic languages, n-forms precipitated the tendency to prenasalize primary singular nouns with the abovementioned semantics (people, animal, insect names). We also discuss external cognates pointing to the proto-Chadic origin of this prefix. Further research, on other Chadic noun groups (wild animals, birds, snakes) and especially on Semitic and Cushitic could clarify whether this morphological innovation was exclusive to Chadic or was shared by other Afro-asiatic languages.
16
Takács, Gábor. "Angas-Sura Etymologies VII." Lingua Posnaniensis 62, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/linpo-2020-0013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The paper as part of a long-running series is devoted to the etymological analysis of a new segment (namely that with initial dental *d-) of the Angas-Sura root stock, a small group of modern languages remotely and ultimately akin to pharaonic Egyptian and the well-known Semitic languages or Twareg in the Sahara etc. Doing so, I wish to continue the noble tradition initiated by J.H. Greenberg (1958), the founding father of modern Afro-Asiatic comparative linguistics (along with I.M. Diakonoff), who was the first scholar ever to have established by Neo-Grammarian the methods regular consonantal correspondences between Angas-Sura and ancient Egyptian in his pioneering (painfully isolated) paper on the ancient trichtomomy of the word-initial labials in both branches. Nowadays our chances in following this path are substantially more favourable being equipped with our gigantic comparative root catalogue system of the Egyptian etymologies ever published (ongoing since 1994) and of the Afro-Asiatic parental lexical stock (ongoing since 1999).
17
Takács, Gábor. "Angas-Sura etymologies X." Lingua Posnaniensis 64, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/linpo.2022.64.1.4.
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The paper as part of a long-running series is devoted to the etymological analysis of a new segment (namely that with initial dental *z-) of the Angas-Sura root stock, a small group of modern languages remotely and ultimately akin to pharaonic Egyptian and the well-known Semitic languages or Twareg in the Sahara etc. Doing so, I wish to continue the noble tradition initiated by J.H. Greenberg (1958), the founding father of modern Afro-Asiatic comparative linguistics (along with I.M. Diakonoff), who was the first scholar ever to have established by Neo-Grammarian the methods regular consonantal correspondences between Angas-Sura and ancient Egyptian in his pioneering (painfully isolated) paper on the ancient trichotomy of the word-initial labials in both branches. Nowadays our chances in following this path are substantially more favourable being equipped with our gigantic comparative root catalogue system of the Egyptian etymologies ever published (ongoing since 1994) and of the Afro-Asiatic parental lexical stock (ongoing since 1999).
18
Takács, Gábor. "Angas-Sura etymologies XII." Lingua Posnaniensis 63, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/linpo.2021.63.2.3.
Full textAbstract:
The paper as part of a long-running series is devoted to the etymological analysis of a new segment (namely that with initial dental *d-) of the Angas-Sura root stock, a small group of modern languages remotely and ultimately akin to pharaonic Egyptian and the well-known Semitic languages or Twareg in the Sahara etc. Doing so, I wish to continue the noble tradition initiated by J.H. Greenberg (1958), the founding father of modern Afro-Asiatic comparative linguistics (along with I.M. Diakonoff), who was the first scholar ever to have established by Neo-Grammarian the methods regular consonantal correspondences between Angas-Sura (AS) and ancient Egyptian in his pioneering (painfully isolated) paper on the ancient trichotomy of the word-initial labials in both branches. Nowadays our chances in following this path are substantially more favourable being equipped with our gigantic comparative root catalgue system of the Egyptian etymologies ever published (ongoing since 1994) and of the Afro-Asiatic parental lexical stock (ongoing since 1999).
19
Takács, Gábor. "Angas-Sura etymologies XI." Lingua Posnaniensis 64, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 49–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/linpo.2022.64.2.3.
Full textAbstract:
The paper as part of a long-running series is devoted to the etymological analysis of a new segment (namely that with initial dental *z-) of the Angas-Sura root stock, a small group of modern languages remotely and ultimately akin to pharaonic Egyptian and the well-known Semitic languages or Twareg in the Sahara etc. Doing so, I wish to continue the noble tradition initiated by J.H. Greenberg (1958), the founding father of modern Afro-Asiatic comparative linguistics (along with I.M. Diakonoff), who was the first scholar ever to have established by Neo-Grammarian the methods regular consonantal correspondences between Angas-Sura and ancient Egyptian in his pioneering (painfully isolated) paper on the ancient trichotomy of the word-initial labials in both branches. Nowadays our chances in following this path are substantially more favourable being equipped with our gigantic comparative root catalogue system of the Egyptian etymologies ever published (ongoing since 1994) and of the Afro-Asiatic parental lexical stock (ongoing since 1999).
20
Mathieu, Éric. "Flavors of Division." Linguistic Inquiry 43, no. 4 (October 2012): 650–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00110.
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The theoretical aim of this article is to integrate the singulative into the theory of division proposed by Borer (2005) and other theoretical linguists (e.g., Krifka 1995 , Doetjes 1996 , 1997 , Chierchia 1998 , Cheng and Sybesma 1999 ). To illustrate my claim, I offer a brief case study of Ojibwe, an Algonquian language, which I argue uses gender shift (from inanimate to animate) to mark singulativization. Singulatives, as morphological markers, are primarily known from Celtic, Afro-Asiatic, and Nilo-Saharan languages, but are not a known feature of Algonquian languages. Further support for my claim that the grammar of Algonquian languages embeds a singulative system comes from Fox (Mesquakie).
21
Renfrew, Colin. "Before Babel: Speculations on the Origins of Linguistic Diversity." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 1, no. 1 (April 1991): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774300000238.
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Recent research in historical linguistics suggests that groups or ‘families’ of languages may be classed together into larger language units or ‘macrofamilies’, for which some community of origin has been argued. The Afro-Asiatic macrofamily, for instance, which includes the Semitic and Berber languages as well as Ancient Egyptian and many languages of North and East Africa, is widely accepted among linguists. More controversial is the Nostratic macrofamily (including the Indo-European, the Altaic, the Uralic languages, etc.). The implications for prehistoric archaeology of the existence of such large linguistic units is examined. It is suggested that processes of agricultural dispersal may account for the widespread distribution of some of these macrofamilies.
22
D'Andrea, Letizia. "Las construcciones con verbo soporte en español y en italiano: asimetrías léxicas y morfosintácticas." Neophilologica 2019 34 (December 22, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/neo.2022.34.07.
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Light verb constructions (LVCs) permeate the oral and written productions of native (and non-native) speakers of typologically different languages (e.g., Indo-European, Afro-Asiatic, and Sino-Tibetan languages, among others). From a cross-linguistic perspective, LVCs share basic combinatory and predicative features. However, semantic and morphosyntactic contrasts are visible even in closely related languages such as Spanish and Italian. Therefore, this paper aims to show some of the most significant asymmetries existing between Peninsular Spanish light verb constructions and their equivalent forms in Italian. The ultimate goal of this research is to highlight some of the systematic contrasts that affect specific semantic classes.
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Bochnak, M. Ryan, Vera Hohaus, and Anne Mucha. "Variation in Tense and Aspect, and the Temporal Interpretation of Complement Clauses." Journal of Semantics 36, no. 3 (April 23, 2019): 407–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jos/ffz008.
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Abstract In this paper, we investigate the temporal interpretation of propositional attitude complement clauses in four typologically unrelated languages: Washo (language isolate), Medumba (Niger-Congo), Hausa (Afro-Asiatic), and Samoan (Austronesian). Of these languages, Washo and Medumba are optional-tense languages, while Hausa and Samoan are tenseless. Just like in obligatory-tense languages, we observe variation among these languages when it comes to the availability of so-called simultaneous and backward-shifted readings of complement clauses. For our optional-tense languages, we argue that a Sequence of Tense parameter is active in these languages, just as in obligatory-tense languages. However, for completely tenseless clauses, we need something more. We argue that there is variation in the degree to which languages make recourse to res-movement, or a similar mechanism that manipulates LF structures to derive backward-shifted readings in tenseless complement clauses. We additionally appeal to cross-linguistic variation in the lexical semantics of perfective aspect to derive or block certain readings. The result is that the typological classification of a language as tensed, optionally tensed, or tenseless, does not alone determine the temporal interpretation possibilities for complement clauses. Rather, structural parameters of variation cross-cut these broad classes of languages to deliver the observed cross-linguistic picture.
24
Jones, Taylor. "An argument for ezafe constructions and construct state in Zulu." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 3, no. 1 (March 6, 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v3i1.4353.
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Zulu (Niger-Congo, South Africa) exhibits a complicated interplay between morphological and phonological processes that, combined with an inherited, traditionalist approach to syntactic categories in the Nguni languages, obscures an overt phoneme that is argued to be common to all complex DPs. Here it is claimed that the traditional categories of adjective, relative, compound noun, possessive, and demonstrative can all be unified under a DP approach that takes this overt phoneme to be a functional marker that is analogous to those appearing in Persian ezafe constructions and construct state constructions in Afro-Asiatic languages. This approach reduces a variety of seemingly different Zulu-specific phenomena to a single, cross-linguistically established phenomenon.
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Я. В. Капранов. "Scientific results of quantitative Nostratic verification of the degrees of affinity of the Afro-Asiatic, Indo-European and Kartvelian language families." MESSENGER of Kyiv National Linguistic University. Series Philology 23, no. 2 (January 5, 2021): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/2311-0821.2.2020.223248.
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The article represents the quantitative Nostratic verification scientific results of the degrees of affinityof the Afro-Asiatic, Indo-European and Kartvelian language families, which was carried out based on theprocedural steps of diachronic interpretation of the Afrasian *f[a]ħ-, Indo-European *phéħh-ur- [*pháħh-ur-],*phǝħh-wór- and Kartvelian *px- that reach the Nostratic *phaħ- (~ * phǝħ-). The methodological algorithmhas been conducted, on the one hand, for the procedure of diachronic interpretation, which involves threestages: 1) morphological level (general morphonemic structure, quality of syllables, shifts (transitions) andcoincidences), 2) phonological level (vocal and / or consonant phonemes), alternations, modifications /mutations of vocal and / or consonant phonemes, ictus(‘) (if any), shifts (transitions) and coincidences),3) semantic level (content plan, archiseme(s), shifts (transitions) and coincidences), and on the other hand, forthe procedure of quantitative verification, which involves two stages: 1) matrix verification of indicators –building a matrix of phonological, morphological and semantic shifts (transitions) and coincidences,2) verification of degrees of affinity of Nostratic languages, i.e. establishing the degrees of affinityof Nostratic languages in the triad 'type – metric – relationship'. As a result, it was possible to register a closedegree of affinity, corresponding to divergent-convergent development, between Afrasian *f[a]ħ- andKartvelian *px-, a distant degree of affinity, corresponding to convergent-divergent development, betweenAfro-Asiatic *f[a]ħ- and Indo-European *phéħh-ur- [*pháħh-ur-], *phǝħh-wór-.
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Lusekelo, Amani. "The Incorporation of the Kiswahili Names of Cereals and Tubers in the Non-Bantu Languages in Tanzania." Utafiti 14, no. 2 (March 4, 2020): 295–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-14010017.
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Abstract I articulate the mechanisms for the incorporation of Kiswahili names of the New World cereals and tubers in the Afro-asiatic, Khoisan and Nilo-Saharan languages spoken in Tanzania. The penetration of pastoral-terms from non-Bantu societies into Bantu communities is extensively documented. But research on the impact of Kiswahili on non-Bantu languages has not been given prominence except in a few studies. Thus, specific investigation of the names of cereals and tubers into non-Bantu languages is incomplete. With regard to transference of the nomenclature of the farm-related products, I show that the major donor languages in this study include Iraqw and Kiswahili. This result illuminates the fact that agro-pastoral communities (e.g. Iraqw) influence the lexicon of languages spoken by pastoralists (e.g. Datooga) and foraging communities (e.g. Hadza). I show that Kiswahili is the main agent of names of agriculture in non-Bantu communities. Moreover, I highlight that the names of crops are integrated through assignment of gender-number markers primarily in Hadza, Iraqw and Maasai. In Datooga, I show that the number suffixes dominate as the strategy to incorporate Kiswahili words in the language.
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Jassem, Zaidan Ali. "THE ARABIC COGNATES OR ORIGINS OF PLURAL MARKERS IN WORLD LANGUAGES: A RADICAL LINGUISTIC THEORY APPROACH." Indonesian EFL Journal 1, no. 2 (September 12, 2017): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/ieflj.v1i2.623.
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This paper traces the Arabic origins of "plural markers" in world languages from a radical linguistic (or lexical root) theory perspective. The data comprises the main plural markers like cats/oxen in 60 world languages from 14 major and minor families- viz., Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan, Afro-Asiatic, Austronesian, Dravidian, Turkic, Mayan, Altaic (Japonic), Niger-Congo, Bantu, Uto-Aztec, Tai-Kadai, Uralic, and Basque, which constitute 60% of world languages and whose speakers make up 96% of world population. The results clearly show that plural markers, which are limited to a few markers in all languages comprised of �s/-as/-at, -en, -im, -a/-e/-i/-o/-u, and �, have true Arabic cognates with the same or similar forms and meanings, whose differences are due to natural and plausible causes and different routes of linguistic change. Therefore, the results reject the traditional classification of the Comparative Method and/or Family Tree Model of such languages into separate, unrelated families, supporting instead the adequacy of the radical linguistic theory according to which all world languages are related to one another, which eventually stemmed from a radical or root language which has been preserved almost intact in Arabic as the most conservative and productive language. In fact, Arabic can be safely said to be the radical language itself for, besides other linguistic features, sharing the plural cognates in this case with all the other languages alone.Keywords: Plurality, language families and relationships, radical world language, radical linguistic theory
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Ataa Allah, Fadoua, and Siham Boulaknadel. "Morpho-Lexicon for standard Moroccan Amazigh." MATEC Web of Conferences 210 (2018): 04024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821004024.
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Standardized resources are key components for the development of applications related to human language technology. Therefore, it is important to adopt it for designing lexical resources, especially for less commonly resourced languages such Amazigh. This language is spoken by many North African communities, including Morocco. Due to historical, geographical and sociolinguistic factors, the Amazigh language is characterized by the proliferation of many intervarieties, which has led to a complex morphology. This latter poses significant challenge to NLP tasks, especially that Amazigh language belongs to the Afro-Asiatic language (Hamito-Semitic) family, known by its non-concatenative morphology based on root and pattern. Face to the scarcity of Amazigh language resources dealing with morphemes encoding, orthographic changes, and morphotactic variations, the elaboration of a standardized lexical resource will certainly ensure a large exchange and exploitation. In this context, this paper describes ongoing work for elaborating a morphological lexicon, based on inflected forms, for the standard Moroccan Amazigh language.
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Hyman, Larry M. "A note on Nuba Mountain verb extensions." Faits de Langues 51, no. 1 (November 25, 2020): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05101003.
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Abstract Based on the available literature and personal communications with specialists, this paper surveys the rich occurrence of verb extensions in the Nuba mountain languages which mark different grammatical functions such as causative, dative and locative applicatives, comparative, passive, antipassive, reciprocal/reflexive, and associative/instrumental, as well as ventive, itive, habitual, iterative and pluractional marking. Given the diversity of forms among the different groups in the area, a set of guidelines is considered to determine whether specific extensions can be reconstructed or are recent innovations. An extensive table is provided which provides the forms of the reported extensions and compares them with those reconstructed in specific subbranches of Niger-Congo, Nilo-Saharan, Afro-Asiatic, and in Khoe.
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Yepiskoposian, Levon, Armine Khudoyan, and Ashot Harutyunian. "Genetic Testing of Language Replacement Hypothesis in Southwest Asia." Iran and the Caucasus 10, no. 2 (2006): 191–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338406780345899.
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AbstractThe regions of the Caucasus, Anatolia, and the Near East represent an extremely important area with respect to ancient population migration and expansion, and the spread of the Caucasian, Indo-European, Afro-Asiatic, and Altaic languages. We examined genetic variation within and between 12 ethno-territorial populations belonging to four major language families by using six microsatellites, or short tandem repeats (STR) and 12 Unique Event Polymorphism (UEP) loci mapped to the non-recombining portion of the human Y-chromosome. The applied set of markers did not unconditionally support the language replacement hypothesis for the populations under consideration. Moreover, regarding the South Caucasus and Anatolia, our results showed greater genetic distances between the populations from different language families, and close genetic affinity for the populations from the same language group—in this case, for the Turkophone ethnic units. The results point to the importance of appropriate Y-chromosome sampling procedures in geographically structured populations and to the necessity of using a relevant set of markers that provides best discrimination of populations with different genetic histories.
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Mulugeta, Teferi, and Girma Mengistu. "phonology of Kafi Noonoo ideophones." Macrolinguistics and Microlinguistics 3, no. 1/2 (December 31, 2022): 15–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/mami.v3n1/2.29.
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This paper is the first and original work on the phonology of Kafi Noonoo ideophones. All of the data used in this study are collected through fieldwork. Ideophones are attested word classes with peculiar phonology in that they break some phonological rules of the prosaic language. Kafi Noonoo ideophones also undergo unique phonological features from the regular phonology of the language. Kafi Noonoo ideophones use all the phonemes of the regular language and additional five click-like sounds (ʘ, ǃ, ǁ, ʞ, and tchip). The click-like sounds do not found in the language and the regular phonology of Ethiopian Afro-Asiatic languages in general. Kafi Noonoo ideophones show different suprasegmental features from the regular phonology of the language. Another striking phonological feature in ideophones of the language is that ideophones break the phonotactics and suprasegmental features rules of the prosaic language. Moreover, Kafi Noonoo ideophones exhibit some syllable structures that are specific to ideophones. These are the (C1VC2C2), (CVVV…), (C1VVV…C2) and (C1VC2C2C2…). Furthermore, Kafi Noonoo is a tone language. The language has high and low tones. As the result of the study depicts ideophones of the language constitute both open and closed syllable shapes.
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Gebremeskel, Eyoab I., and Muntaser E. Ibrahim. "Y-chromosome E haplogroups: their distribution and implication to the origin of Afro-Asiatic languages and pastoralism." European Journal of Human Genetics 22, no. 12 (March 26, 2014): 1387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2014.41.
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LUCHYK, A. A., and O. S. PALCHEVSKA. "LANGUAGE DIVERSITY IN THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL LINGUISTIC CORPUS." Movoznavstvo 326, no. 5 (November 28, 2022): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33190/0027-2833-326-2022-5-003.
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The article describes the features of the microfield «Languages of the World» based on the Ukrainian National Linguistic Corpus (hereinafter referred to as the UNLC) text materials with a volume of about 20 million word usages. The representativeness, the corpus texts’ genres and functional styles balance as well as the full-text search toolkit usage ability, made it possible to obtain the most reliable data on the nominations denoting world languages functioning in the Ukrainian language. With the help of the world languages referents quantitative calculations, the core, nearcore, semi-peripheral and peripheral zones of the “Languages of the World” microfield were formed in the UNLC. The core of the microfield is formed by the most frequent units in the corpus, the nearcore zone – by less frequent units, the peripheral zone – by the units that are not frequently used, and the remote periphery – by the units that are rarely used. It was found that all the “Languages of the World” microfield core components are referents of the Indo-European languages. The nearcore zone is formed by nominations designating the languages of the Indo- European, Turkic, Sino-Tibetan, Afrasian, Finno-Hungarian and Japanese-Ryukyu families. The peripheral zone includes units representing the languages of the Indo-European, Turkic, Finno-Hungarian, Kartvelian, Korean, Afro-Asiatic, Niger-Congolese and Tupi families. Quantitative calculations of UNLC nominations, which were included in the «Languages of the World» microfield under study or analysis, highlighted the influence of extralingual factors on the features of language information modeling, including: the world languages genetic origins, cultures proximity, mentality, beliefs, peoples territorial contact, their interlinguistic interaction features, the economic and political weight of countries whose inhabitants are speakers of one or another language. Therefore, the microfield opens the way for new observations on the language through the prism of the language itself and actualizes its properties in relation to the above issue at the current stage of functioning.
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VASKO, Roman, Yan KAPRANOV, and Alla KOROLYOVA. "Comparative phonological interpretation of nostratic etymon *‘wete “water” in the languages of altaic, afro-asiatic, indo-european families." Humanities science current issues 1, no. 41 (2021): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2308-4863/41-1-15.
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Di Garbo, Francesca. "Plural marking on noun-associated forms." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 73, no. 3 (October 25, 2020): 363–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2020-1001.
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AbstractNumber systems can be morphosemantic or morphosyntactic, based on whether number marking is restricted to nouns or also extends to noun-associated forms, such as adnominal modifiers, predicates, and pronouns. While it is well-known that asymmetries in the distribution of plural marking on nouns can be due to lexico-semantic properties such as animacy and/or inherent number, the question of whether these properties also affect patterns of plural agreement has been less broadly investigated. This paper examines the distribution of plural agreement in 24 Cushitic (Afro-Asiatic) languages. The number systems of the languages of the sample are classified into three types, ranging from radically morphosemantic (Type 1) to radically morphosyntactic (Type 2). A subset of languages displays a combination of morphosemantic and morphosyntactic strategies, and thus qualifies as a mixed type (Type 3). In these languages, the distribution of plural agreement is largely lexically-specified: nouns denoting groups, masses, and collections are more likely to trigger plural agreement than other types of nouns. These results thus show that, similarly to the nominal domain, the lexical semantics of nouns may also affect plural marking on noun-associated forms. Furthermore, in Cushitic, radically morphosemantic and radically morphosyntactic number systems appear to be diachronically connected to each other, with the latter seemingly evolving from the former, as testified by ongoing variation and change in some of the sampled languages. The relevance of these findings for understanding the typology and evolution of number systems is discussed.
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Samir Fekry, Christina. "L’Adjectif qualificatif : étude Contrastive en Français et en Arabe." Traduction et Langues 22, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/translang.v22i2.955.
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The Adjective: Contrastive Study in French and in Arabic
The lexical morpheme, variable in gender and number through linguistic agreement (AGR) or declension, holds a crucial position in the two inflected languages under examination: Arabic, an Afro-Asiatic language of the Semitic family, and French, a Romance language with synthetic characteristics. This study draws inspiration from the works of eminent linguists, including Blachère and Gaudefroy-Demombynes (1975), Béchade (1994), Al-Hakkak (1996), and others. It also incorporates insights from contrastive studies, a linguistic branch that emerged in the 1950s to enhance the teaching and learning of foreign languages by addressing language interference through the exploration of inter-linguistic structural differences. This study, designed to assist learners and translators in comprehending the affinities and deviations between French and Arabic, delves into the use of adjectives in context. It particularly focuses on the qualifying adjective as a discourse component falling within the class of apparent nouns, in contrast to implicit nouns. This lemma or lexical unit serves to describe, characterize, specify, and indicate certain properties of animate or inanimate beings. It represents the grammatical class bestowing identity upon a person, animal, or object, attaching a positive, negative, or neutral label that imparts a value judgment. In French, the qualifying adjective encompasses various types, including relational, nominal, compound, verbal, and syntagmatic. In Arabic, it takes on verbal and denominative forms, assimilated to the verb. Morphologically, French features prefixed, suffixed, and unsuffixed adjectives, while Arabic presents adjectives crafted from a multitude of forms. Regardless of the linguistic context, the qualifying adjective, matching in gender and number the noun or pronoun to which it refers, can assume multiple functions within morphosyntactic structures. It can act as an epithet, whether anteposed or postposed, with graphic, phonic, strict, or floating agreement or concord (instances of inflection), serve as an attribute linked to the subject by a copular verb, or be affixed. Additionally, qualifying adjectives can convey varying degrees of intensity using phrasal adverbs or adverbs of comparison.
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Grubic, Mira, Agata Renans, and Reginald Akuoko Duah. "Focus, exhaustivity and existence in Akan, Ga and Ngamo." Linguistics 57, no. 1 (January 26, 2019): 221–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2018-0035.
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Abstract This paper discusses the relation between focus marking and focus interpretation in Akan (Kwa), Ga (Kwa), and Ngamo (West Chadic). In all three languages, there is a special morphosyntactically marked focus/background construction, as well as morphosyntactically unmarked focus. We present data stemming from original fieldwork investigating whether marked focus/background constructions in these three languages also have additional interpretative effects apart from standard focus interpretation. Crosslinguistically, different additional inferences have been found for marked focus constructions, e.g. contrast (e.g. Vallduví, Enric & Maria Vilkuna. 1997. On rheme and kontrast. In Peter Culicover & Louise McNally (eds.), The limits of syntax (Syntax and semantics 29), 79–108. New York: Academic Press; Hartmann, Katharina & Malte Zimmermann. 2007b. In place – Out of place: Focus in Hausa. In Kerstin Schwabe & Susanne Winkler (eds.), On information structure, meaning and form, 365–403. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins.; Destruel, Emilie & Leah Velleman. 2014. Refining contrast: Empirical evidence from the English it-cleft. In Christopher Piñón (ed.), Empirical issues in syntax and semantics 10, 197–214. Paris: Colloque de syntaxe et sémantique à Paris (CSSP). http://www.cssp.cnrs.fr/eiss10/), exhaustivity (e.g. É. Kiss, Katalin. 1998. Identificational focus versus information focus. Language 74(2). 245–273.; Hartmann, Katharina & Malte Zimmermann. 2007a. Exhaustivity marking in Hausa: A re-evaluation of the particle nee/cee. In Enoch O. Aboh, Katharina Hartmann & Malte Zimmermann (eds.), Focus strategies in African languages: The interaction of focus and grammar in Niger-Congo and Afro-Asiatic (Trends in Linguistics 191), 241–263. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.), and existence (e.g. Rooth, Mats. 1999. Association with focus or association with presupposition? In Peter Bosch & Rob van der Sandt (eds.), Focus: Linguistic, cognitive, and computational perspectives, 232–244. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.; von Fintel, Kai & Lisa Matthewson. 2008. Universals in semantics. The Linguistic Review 25(1–2). 139–201). This paper investigates these three inferences. In Akan and Ga, the marked focus constructions are found to be contrastive, while in Ngamo, no effect of contrast was found. We also show that marked focus constructions in Ga and Akan trigger exhaustivity and existence presuppositions, while the marked construction in Ngamo merely gives rise to an exhaustive conversational implicature and does not trigger an existence presupposition. Instead, the marked construction in Ngamo merely indicates salience of the backgrounded part via a morphological background marker related to the definite determiner (Schuh, Russell G. 2005. Yobe state, Nigeria as a linguistic area. Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 31(2). 77–94; Güldemann, Tom. 2016. Maximal backgrounding=focus without (necessary) focus encoding. Studies in Language 40(3). 551–590). The paper thus contributes to the understanding of the semantics of marked focus constructions across languages and points to the crosslinguistic variation in expressing and interpreting marked focus/background constructions.
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Çobanoğlu Aktan, Derya, and Kayhan İnan. "Investigation of the achievement scores of the people learning Turkish as a foreign language according to linguistic distance." Pegem Eğitim ve Öğretim Dergisi 8, no. 1 (November 17, 2017): 19–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14527/pegegog.2018.002.
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In this study, predictor variables (age, gender, region and language family) affecting the scores of Turkish language learners are examined through multiple regression method. The study group consisted of 280 international students registered to Turkish Language Teaching Centers located at Gazi and Hacettepe Universities. The research data were obtained from the Turkish course completion exam papers and personal information forms. According to the results, the average scores of the students from the Afro-Asiatic, Indo-European, Bantu, Sino-Tibetan and Austronesian language families were lower than those from the Altai language family. Additionally, the writing scores of the students from the Afro-Asiatic and Austronesian language families; the speaking scores of the students from Afro-Asiatic, Indo-European language families; reading comprehension scores of the students from Afro-Asiatic, Indo-European, Bantu and Sino-Tibetan language families and grammar scores of the students from Sino-Tibetan and Austronesian language families were lower than the scores of the Altai language family. In addition, while the age variable was found to have a positive effect on speaking scores, it was observed that area and gender variables were not significant predicators of scores. Findings are discussed in the light of literature and suggestions for further research are provided.
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Takács, Gábor. "Ma'A Lexicon and Afro-Asiatic IV: Ma'A ŝ-." Lingua Posnaniensis 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10122-009-0008-8.
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Ma'A Lexicon and Afro-Asiatic IV: Ma'Aŝ-The paper represents part of a longer series that examines the lexical stock of the Ma'a language, an exotic Mischsprache combining a Bantu grammar with a basically Cushitic (henceforth, Afro-Asiatic) lexicon, from the standpoint of etymology. This part contains (mostly new) etymologies of Ma'a words with the initial lateral sibilant.
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Takács, Gábor. "Omotic lexicon in its Afro-Asiatic setting VIII: Further addenda to the Omotic roots with *b- + dentals and sibilants (Part 1)." Lingua Posnaniensis 63, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 95–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/linpo.2021.63.2.5.
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The paper constitutes part of a long-range series aiming, step by step, to identify the inherited Afro-Asiatic stock in the etymologically little explored lexicon of the Omotic (West Ethiopia) branch of the Afro-Asiatic family displaying the least of shared traits among the six branches of this macrofamily, which suggests a most ancient Omotic desintegration reaching far back to the age of post-Natufian neolithic.
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Takács, Gábor. "Omotic lexicon in its Afro-Asiatic setting VII: Further addenda to Omotic roots with *b-." Lingua Posnaniensis 64, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 145–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/linpo.2022.64.2.6.
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The paper constitutes part of a long-range series aiming, step by step, to identify the inherited Afro-Asiatic stock in the etymologically little explored lexicon of the Omotic (West Ethiopia) branch of the Afro-Asiatic family displaying the least of shared traits among the six branches of this macrofamily, which suggests a most ancient Omotic desintegration reaching far back to the age of post-Natufian neolithic.
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Takács, Gábor. "Preliminary report on the new comparative-historical phonology and etymological dictionary of Southern Cushitic." Lingua Posnaniensis 63, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/linpo.2021.63.2.6.
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The paper offers a preliminary report of the current research for a monographic comparative-etymological elaboration of the Southern Cushitic lexical stock with its uniquely archaic consonantism set in its ancient Afro-Asiatic context. The project is based on the author’s studies over more than two decades by now.
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Takács, Gábor. "Towards the Afro-Asiatic etymology of Egyptian zš ‘to write’." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 63, no. 2 (January 2000): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00007229.
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It is not necessary to emphasize the importance of writing in the culture of Ancient Egypt. The ancient Nile Valley dwellers' cult of writing is famous, while the Egyptian language has the longest written continuity known in history. At the same time, however, we linguists know painfully little about the origin of the Egyptian verb zš ‘to write’ because of the apparent lack of reliable Afro-Asiatic cognates.
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Hyman, Larry M., and William R. Leben. "Beauty of construction, richness of expression." Brill's Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics 15, no. 2 (November 21, 2023): 433–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18776930-01502001.
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Abstract A History of the Hausa Language is the first book-length historical study of any language of the Chadic branch of Afro-Asiatic. It synthesizes and updates the scholarly output on the topic by Paul Newman, for many decades Hausa’s most productive and influential scholar. In this review article we discuss Newman’s most striking findings on the history of Hausa’s phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon, adding questions and critiques where called for. We find the book to be a contribution without parallel to Hausa and to African linguistics.
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Bacovcin, Hezekiah Akiva, and David Wilson. "A New Method for Computational Cladistics: An Afro-Asiatic Case Study." Transactions of the Philological Society 116, no. 3 (May 23, 2018): 410–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-968x.12128.
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Takács, Gábor. "Semito-Hamitic or Afro-Asiatic consonantism and lexicon: Episodes of a comparative research I (Part 2: Marcel Cohen’s Essai comparatif)." Lingua Posnaniensis 64, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 177–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/linpo.2022.64.2.7.
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A retrospective account on past comparative research on Afro-Asiatic (AA) or Semito-Hamitic / Hamito-Semitic (SH / HS, resp.) phonology (first of all consonantism, also root structure) and lexicon, segmented into episodes according to diverse (often overlapping in time) trends is now under way and will be presented part by part in a series of papers. The present paper contains the first ever direction of this research, labelled “Semito-Hamitology” covering studies seeking, in their conception, the “African”, i.e. “Hamitic” kinship of Semitic.
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Takács, Gábor. "New lexical materials for the Proto-Afro-Asiatic anatomical and physiological terminology I: Body part names with initial labials: General terms, head and neck." Lingua Posnaniensis 64, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 107–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/linpo.2022.64.2.5.
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The paper constitutes the first part of a long-range series of studies gradually elaborating the enormous new materials of the anestral anatomical-physiological vocabulary of Proto-Afro-Asiatic, supposed to be the earliest known parental language spoken by the earliest known neolithic community on earth. This series is parallel to the author’s ongoing projects for a comprehensive analysis of the diverse segments of the immense new cultural lexicon that has emerged in course of the author’s root research over the past some three decades.
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Vasko, Roman, Alla Korolyova, and Yan Kapranov. "Phonological and semantic transposition of the etymon *'wet "water" and the results of its reflection in native speakers consciousness of Nostratic." MESSENGER of Kyiv National Linguistic University. Series Philology 24, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/2311-0821.2.2021.252090.
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The article deals with the phonological and semantic reconstruction of Nostratic etymon *'wet and its genetic transformations that were restored on the basis of five language families.The process of transposition of the generalized sign *'wet is established to have taken place in the development of sacred meanings in its semantic structure. These meanings were connected with the initial ideas of Nostratic native speakers about water as a liquid (substance) and its movement: horizontal, vertical, speed.The motivational macromodel WATER – LIQUID / SUBSTANCE was built, which was gradually transformed into a universal metaphorical model WATER – MOVEMENT with three micromodels typical of the studied etymons of five language families: WATER – HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT (Afro-Asiatic *wada?e "water, river" (as a result of the initial fixation of figurative-sacred meanings "to fluctuate" and "long", preserved in the semantic transpositions of Indo-European roots of del-2 and del-5); WATER – VERTICAL MOVEMENT (Altaic *оdV "rain", the meaning of which is completely preserved in the Indo-European root del-4 "rain"); WATER – SLOW MOVEMENT (VERTICAL-HORIZONTAL / SOURCE) (for Dravidian *vat- (-d-) and fixed in the semantic transpositions of the Indo-European del-5).It is assumed that the polysemy of meanings influenced the phonological transpositions in the etymons of five language families, one of which is the transition from a simple form of Nostratic *t-root to extended (complex) preforms with *d-root.The polysemy of meanings, as well as the phonological transposition in the etymologies of the five language families, probably took place according to two regular schemes: radial and chain-radial. The radial scheme of polysemy with phonological transposition is typical of Afro-Asiatic *wada?e "water, river"; Dravidian *vat- (-d-) "flow, run in a small stream"; Indo-European *'wed- / *'wod- / *'ud- "water", meanwhile the chain-radial scheme with phonological transformations – of Altaic *оdV "rain" and Uralic *wete "water".
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Takács, Gábor. "Semito-Hamitic or Afro-Asiatic consonantism and lexicon: Episodes of a comparative research I (Part 1: The long century of Semito-Hamitology until the middle of the 20th century)." Lingua Posnaniensis 64, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 135–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/linpo.2022.64.1.6.
Full textAbstract:
A retrospective account on past comparative research on Afro-Asiatic (AA) or Semito-Hamitic / Hamito-Semitic (SH/HS, resp.) phonology (first of all consonantism, also root structure) and lexicon, segmented into episodes according to diverse trends (often overlapping in time) is now under way and will be presented part by part in a series of papers. The present paper contains the first ever direction of this research, labelled “Semito-Hamitology” covering studies seeking, in their conception, the “African”, i.e. “Hamitic” kinship of Semitic, without a permanent communis opinio over the whole century of this ‘trend’ (better: amalgamate era) regarding the limits of the family.
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Monti, Orazio. "Some observations on the language of Linear A." Kadmos 61, no. 1-2 (February 1, 2022): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kadmos-2022-0005.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Examination of the Linear A texts confirms that - the language of Linear A is probably only one (§ 1); - the alternation a-/ja- in a-sa-sa-ra-me/ja-sa-sa-ra-me etc. is likely due to the presence of a prefix i/j- and not to a laryngeal or a graphic variant (§ 2); - the sequence -i-*301- of a-ta-i-*301-wa-ja and variants is probably a verbal root (§§ 3-4); - (j)a-sa-sa-ra-me probably means ‘gift, homage’ vel. sim. (but not necessarily ‘sacred’) and not ‘offering’ (§ 5); - the prefix i/j- probably has the function of an article and i-na- could be its plural form (§ 6). More generally, convincing arguments have already been put forward which strongly suggest that the language of Linear A is probably neither Indo-European nor Semitic (Afro-Asiatic), nor an ergative language such as Hurro-Urartian (§ 7).