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Journal articles on the topic 'Afrotheria and Xenarthra'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kawasaki, Kazuhiko, Jan C. C. Hu, and James P. Simmer. "Evolution of Klk4 and enamel maturation in eutherians." Biological Chemistry 395, no. 9 (2014): 1003–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2014-0122.

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Abstract Kallikrein-related peptidase 4 (KLK4) is a secreted serine protease that degrades residual enamel proteins to facilitate their removal by ameloblasts, which increases mineralization and hardens the enamel. Mutations in human KLK4 cause hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta. Enamel formed by Klk4 null mice is normal in thickness and prism structure, but the enamel layer retains proteins, is hypomineralized, and undergoes rapid attrition following tooth eruption. We searched multiple databases, retrieved Klk4 and Klk5 from various mammalian genomes, and identified Klk4 in 46 boreoeuthe

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2

Redi, C. A., H. Zacharias, S. Merani, et al. "Genome Sizes in Afrotheria, Xenarthra, Euarchontoglires, and Laurasiatheria." Journal of Heredity 96, no. 5 (2005): 485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esi080.

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3

Amrine-Madsen, Heather, Klaus-Peter Koepfli, Robert K. Wayne, and Mark S. Springer. "A new phylogenetic marker, apolipoprotein B, provides compelling evidence for eutherian relationships." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 28, no. 2 (2003): 225–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13482171.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Higher-level relationships within, and the root of Placentalia, remain contentious issues. Resolution of the placental tree is important to the choice of mammalian genome projects and model organisms, as well as for understanding the biogeography of the eutherian radiation. We present phylogenetic analyses of 63 species representing all extant eutherian mammal orders for a new molecular phylogenetic marker, a 1.3 kb portion of exon 26 of the apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene. In addition, we analyzed a multigene concatenation that included APOB seq

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4

Amrine-Madsen, Heather, Klaus-Peter Koepfli, Robert K. Wayne, and Mark S. Springer. "A new phylogenetic marker, apolipoprotein B, provides compelling evidence for eutherian relationships." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 28, no. 2 (2003): 225–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13482171.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Higher-level relationships within, and the root of Placentalia, remain contentious issues. Resolution of the placental tree is important to the choice of mammalian genome projects and model organisms, as well as for understanding the biogeography of the eutherian radiation. We present phylogenetic analyses of 63 species representing all extant eutherian mammal orders for a new molecular phylogenetic marker, a 1.3 kb portion of exon 26 of the apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene. In addition, we analyzed a multigene concatenation that included APOB seq

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5

Amrine-Madsen, Heather, Klaus-Peter Koepfli, Robert K. Wayne, and Mark S. Springer. "A new phylogenetic marker, apolipoprotein B, provides compelling evidence for eutherian relationships." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 28, no. 2 (2003): 225–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13482171.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Higher-level relationships within, and the root of Placentalia, remain contentious issues. Resolution of the placental tree is important to the choice of mammalian genome projects and model organisms, as well as for understanding the biogeography of the eutherian radiation. We present phylogenetic analyses of 63 species representing all extant eutherian mammal orders for a new molecular phylogenetic marker, a 1.3 kb portion of exon 26 of the apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene. In addition, we analyzed a multigene concatenation that included APOB seq

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6

Amrine-Madsen, Heather, Klaus-Peter Koepfli, Robert K. Wayne, and Mark S. Springer. "A new phylogenetic marker, apolipoprotein B, provides compelling evidence for eutherian relationships." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 28, no. 2 (2003): 225–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13482171.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Higher-level relationships within, and the root of Placentalia, remain contentious issues. Resolution of the placental tree is important to the choice of mammalian genome projects and model organisms, as well as for understanding the biogeography of the eutherian radiation. We present phylogenetic analyses of 63 species representing all extant eutherian mammal orders for a new molecular phylogenetic marker, a 1.3 kb portion of exon 26 of the apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene. In addition, we analyzed a multigene concatenation that included APOB seq

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7

Amrine-Madsen, Heather, Klaus-Peter Koepfli, Robert K. Wayne, and Mark S. Springer. "A new phylogenetic marker, apolipoprotein B, provides compelling evidence for eutherian relationships." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 28, no. 2 (2003): 225–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13482171.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Higher-level relationships within, and the root of Placentalia, remain contentious issues. Resolution of the placental tree is important to the choice of mammalian genome projects and model organisms, as well as for understanding the biogeography of the eutherian radiation. We present phylogenetic analyses of 63 species representing all extant eutherian mammal orders for a new molecular phylogenetic marker, a 1.3 kb portion of exon 26 of the apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene. In addition, we analyzed a multigene concatenation that included APOB seq

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8

Rossi, Luis Francisco, and María Inés Pigozzi. "The cytological analysis of crossing over in armadillos supports the existence of a phylogenetic component of recombination rates in mammals." PLOS One 20, no. 6 (2025): e0326703. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0326703.

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In mammals rates of recombination are well predicted by the phylogenetic relationship between species, with lower recombination rates in more basal clades. In this regard, there is currently insufficient evidence for Xenarthra, one of the earliest branches of eutherian mammals. Here we estimated the average recombination rates in four species of armadillos (Cingulata, Xenarthra) using immunodetection of the protein MLH1, a reporter of reciprocal recombination, in pachytene. The recombination rates of the examined species are strikingly similar; despite the fact that they split more than 40 mil

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9

Galliari, Fernando Carlos, Luis Francisco Rossi, and Hernán Javier Aldana-Marcos. "The vertebral column of Chaetophractus villosus (Desmarest, 1804) (Chlamyphoridae, Cingulata, Xenarthra): anatomy and Thoracolumbar variation. Spinal cord relation." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62 (May 27, 2022): e202262032. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.032.

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Mammals of the Xenarthra clade show a large number of unusual characters in the skeleton, mainly in the vertebral column. In spite of the importance of the knowledge on the axial skeleton in this group, there are no detailed studies on the morphology of the entire vertebral column. Here we performed a comprehensive study of the vertebral column of Chaetophractus villosus (Desmarest, 1804), a representative of Chlamyphoridae, in order to provide a more reliable comparative framework among armadillos. Morphological description was based on 44 adult postcranial axial skeletons. As a complement to

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10

Springer, Mark S., Robert W. Meredith, Jan E. Janecka, and William J. Murphy. "The historical biogeography of Mammalia." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1577 (2011): 2478–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0023.

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Palaeobiogeographic reconstructions are underpinned by phylogenies, divergence times and ancestral area reconstructions, which together yield ancestral area chronograms that provide a basis for proposing and testing hypotheses of dispersal and vicariance. Methods for area coding include multi-state coding with a single character, binary coding with multiple characters and string coding. Ancestral reconstruction methods are divided into parsimony versus Bayesian/likelihood approaches. We compared nine methods for reconstructing ancestral areas for placental mammals. Ambiguous reconstructions we

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11

Averianov, A. O., and A. V. Lopatin. "High-level systematics of placental mammals: Current status of the problem." Biology Bulletin 41, no. 9 (2014): 801–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13463670.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) According to molecular data, the modern clades of placental mammals can be grouped into four supraordinal taxa (Xenarthra, Afrotheria, Euarchontoglires, and Laurasiatheria) whose phylogenetic interre lationships have been interpreted inconsistently. Among these taxa, the group Afrotheria has no morpholog ical support. Within this group, there are orders that are clearly related to "condylarthrans" ("afroungulates") and to insectivores ("afrosoricids"). The radiation of placental mammals (the crown clade Placentalia) started before the K/T boun

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12

Averianov, A. O., and A. V. Lopatin. "High-level systematics of placental mammals: Current status of the problem." Biology Bulletin 41, no. 9 (2014): 801–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13463670.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) According to molecular data, the modern clades of placental mammals can be grouped into four supraordinal taxa (Xenarthra, Afrotheria, Euarchontoglires, and Laurasiatheria) whose phylogenetic interre lationships have been interpreted inconsistently. Among these taxa, the group Afrotheria has no morpholog ical support. Within this group, there are orders that are clearly related to "condylarthrans" ("afroungulates") and to insectivores ("afrosoricids"). The radiation of placental mammals (the crown clade Placentalia) started before the K/T boun

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13

Averianov, A. O., and A. V. Lopatin. "High-level systematics of placental mammals: Current status of the problem." Biology Bulletin 41, no. 9 (2014): 801–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13463670.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) According to molecular data, the modern clades of placental mammals can be grouped into four supraordinal taxa (Xenarthra, Afrotheria, Euarchontoglires, and Laurasiatheria) whose phylogenetic interre lationships have been interpreted inconsistently. Among these taxa, the group Afrotheria has no morpholog ical support. Within this group, there are orders that are clearly related to "condylarthrans" ("afroungulates") and to insectivores ("afrosoricids"). The radiation of placental mammals (the crown clade Placentalia) started before the K/T boun

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14

Averianov, A. O., and A. V. Lopatin. "High-level systematics of placental mammals: Current status of the problem." Biology Bulletin 41, no. 9 (2014): 801–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13463670.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) According to molecular data, the modern clades of placental mammals can be grouped into four supraordinal taxa (Xenarthra, Afrotheria, Euarchontoglires, and Laurasiatheria) whose phylogenetic interre lationships have been interpreted inconsistently. Among these taxa, the group Afrotheria has no morpholog ical support. Within this group, there are orders that are clearly related to "condylarthrans" ("afroungulates") and to insectivores ("afrosoricids"). The radiation of placental mammals (the crown clade Placentalia) started before the K/T boun

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15

Averianov, A. O., and A. V. Lopatin. "High-level systematics of placental mammals: Current status of the problem." Biology Bulletin 41, no. 9 (2014): 801–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13463670.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) According to molecular data, the modern clades of placental mammals can be grouped into four supraordinal taxa (Xenarthra, Afrotheria, Euarchontoglires, and Laurasiatheria) whose phylogenetic interre lationships have been interpreted inconsistently. Among these taxa, the group Afrotheria has no morpholog ical support. Within this group, there are orders that are clearly related to "condylarthrans" ("afroungulates") and to insectivores ("afrosoricids"). The radiation of placental mammals (the crown clade Placentalia) started before the K/T boun

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16

Hallström, Björn M., Morgan Kullberg, Maria A. Nilsson, and Axel Janke. "Phylogenomic Data Analyses Provide Evidence that Xenarthra and Afrotheria Are Sister Groups." Molecular Biology and Evolution 24, no. 9 (2007): 2059–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msm136.

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17

Sherwood, Chet C., Cheryl D. Stimpson, Camilla Butti, et al. "Neocortical neuron types in Xenarthra and Afrotheria: implications for brain evolution in mammals." Brain Structure and Function 213, no. 3 (2008): 301–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-008-0198-9.

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18

Foley, Nicole M., Mark S. Springer, and Emma C. Teeling. "Mammal madness: is the mammal tree of life not yet resolved?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1699 (2016): 20150140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0140.

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Most molecular phylogenetic studies place all placental mammals into four superordinal groups, Laurasiatheria (e.g. dogs, bats, whales), Euarchontoglires (e.g. humans, rodents, colugos), Xenarthra (e.g. armadillos, anteaters) and Afrotheria (e.g. elephants, sea cows, tenrecs), and estimate that these clades last shared a common ancestor 90–110 million years ago. This phylogeny has provided a framework for numerous functional and comparative studies. Despite the high level of congruence among most molecular studies, questions still remain regarding the position and divergence time of the root o

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19

Foley, Nicole M., Mark S. Springer, and Emma C. Teeling. "Mammal madness: is the mammal tree of life not yet resolved?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1699 (2016): 20150140. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13484214.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Most molecular phylogenetic studies place all placental mammals into four superordinal groups, Laurasiatheria (e.g. dogs, bats, whales), Euarchontoglires (e.g. humans, rodents, colugos), Xenarthra (e.g. armadillos, anteaters) and Afrotheria (e.g. elephants, sea cows, tenrecs), and estimate that these clades last shared a common ancestor 90–110 million years ago. This phylogeny has provided a framework for numerous functional and comparative studies. Despite the high level of congruence among most molecular studies, questions still remain regar

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20

Foley, Nicole M., Mark S. Springer, and Emma C. Teeling. "Mammal madness: is the mammal tree of life not yet resolved?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1699 (2016): 20150140. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13484214.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Most molecular phylogenetic studies place all placental mammals into four superordinal groups, Laurasiatheria (e.g. dogs, bats, whales), Euarchontoglires (e.g. humans, rodents, colugos), Xenarthra (e.g. armadillos, anteaters) and Afrotheria (e.g. elephants, sea cows, tenrecs), and estimate that these clades last shared a common ancestor 90–110 million years ago. This phylogeny has provided a framework for numerous functional and comparative studies. Despite the high level of congruence among most molecular studies, questions still remain regar

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21

Foley, Nicole M., Mark S. Springer, and Emma C. Teeling. "Mammal madness: is the mammal tree of life not yet resolved?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1699 (2016): 20150140. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13484214.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Most molecular phylogenetic studies place all placental mammals into four superordinal groups, Laurasiatheria (e.g. dogs, bats, whales), Euarchontoglires (e.g. humans, rodents, colugos), Xenarthra (e.g. armadillos, anteaters) and Afrotheria (e.g. elephants, sea cows, tenrecs), and estimate that these clades last shared a common ancestor 90–110 million years ago. This phylogeny has provided a framework for numerous functional and comparative studies. Despite the high level of congruence among most molecular studies, questions still remain regar

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22

Foley, Nicole M., Mark S. Springer, and Emma C. Teeling. "Mammal madness: is the mammal tree of life not yet resolved?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1699 (2016): 20150140. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13484214.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Most molecular phylogenetic studies place all placental mammals into four superordinal groups, Laurasiatheria (e.g. dogs, bats, whales), Euarchontoglires (e.g. humans, rodents, colugos), Xenarthra (e.g. armadillos, anteaters) and Afrotheria (e.g. elephants, sea cows, tenrecs), and estimate that these clades last shared a common ancestor 90–110 million years ago. This phylogeny has provided a framework for numerous functional and comparative studies. Despite the high level of congruence among most molecular studies, questions still remain regar

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23

Foley, Nicole M., Mark S. Springer, and Emma C. Teeling. "Mammal madness: is the mammal tree of life not yet resolved?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1699 (2016): 20150140. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13484214.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Most molecular phylogenetic studies place all placental mammals into four superordinal groups, Laurasiatheria (e.g. dogs, bats, whales), Euarchontoglires (e.g. humans, rodents, colugos), Xenarthra (e.g. armadillos, anteaters) and Afrotheria (e.g. elephants, sea cows, tenrecs), and estimate that these clades last shared a common ancestor 90–110 million years ago. This phylogeny has provided a framework for numerous functional and comparative studies. Despite the high level of congruence among most molecular studies, questions still remain regar

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24

Breaux, Breanna Laine, Margaret E. Hunter, Maria Paula Cruz-Schneider, Leonardo Sena, Robert K. Bonde, and Michael F. Criscitiello. "The Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) T cell receptor loci exhibit V segment locus synteny and chain-specific evolution." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (2018): 59.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.59.9.

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Abstract Manatees are a vulnerable, charismatic sentinel species from the evolutionarily divergent order Afrotheria. We have previously described the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus of the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) and found limited antigen receptor diversity in this humoral arm of the adaptive immune system. We therefore investigated the antigen receptor loci of the cellular arm: the T cell receptor. Manatees are the first species from either Afrotheria or Xenarthra, the most basal eutherian taxonomic groups, to have an in-depth characterization of all T cell receptor

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25

McGaugh, Suzanne, and Tonia S. Schwartz. "Here and there, but not everywhere: repeated loss of uncoupling protein 1 in amniotes." Biology Letters 13, no. 1 (2017): 20160749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0749.

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Endothermy is an evolutionary innovation in eutherian mammals and birds. In eutherian mammals, UCP1 is a key protein in adaptive nonshivering thermogenesis (NST). Although ucp1 arose early in the vertebrate lineage, the loss of ucp1 was previously documented in several reptile species (including birds). Here we determine that ucp1 was lost at the base of the reptile lineage, as we fail to find ucp1 in every major reptile lineage. Furthermore, though UCP1 plays a key role in mammalian NST, we confirm that pig has lost several exons from ucp1 and conclude that pig is not a sole outlier as the on

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26

Arnason, Ulfur, Joseph A. Adegoke, Anette Gullberg, Eric H. Harley, Axel Janke, and Morgan Kullberg. "Mitogenomic relationships of placental mammals and molecular estimates of their divergences." Gene 421, no. 1-2 (2008): 37–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13471214.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Molecular analyses of the relationships of placental mammals have shown a progressive congruence between mitogenomic and nuclear phylogenies. Some inconsistencies have nevertheless persisted, notably with respect to basal divergences. The current study has aimed to extend the representation of groups, whose position in the placental tree has been difficult to establish in mitogenomic studies. Both ML (maximum likelihood) and Bayesian analyses identified four basal monophyletic groups, Afroplacentalia (=Afrotheria: Hyracoidea, Proboscidea, Sire

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27

Arnason, Ulfur, Joseph A. Adegoke, Anette Gullberg, Eric H. Harley, Axel Janke, and Morgan Kullberg. "Mitogenomic relationships of placental mammals and molecular estimates of their divergences." Gene 421, no. 1-2 (2008): 37–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13471214.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Molecular analyses of the relationships of placental mammals have shown a progressive congruence between mitogenomic and nuclear phylogenies. Some inconsistencies have nevertheless persisted, notably with respect to basal divergences. The current study has aimed to extend the representation of groups, whose position in the placental tree has been difficult to establish in mitogenomic studies. Both ML (maximum likelihood) and Bayesian analyses identified four basal monophyletic groups, Afroplacentalia (=Afrotheria: Hyracoidea, Proboscidea, Sire

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Arnason, Ulfur, Joseph A. Adegoke, Anette Gullberg, Eric H. Harley, Axel Janke, and Morgan Kullberg. "Mitogenomic relationships of placental mammals and molecular estimates of their divergences." Gene 421, no. 1-2 (2008): 37–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13471214.

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Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Molecular analyses of the relationships of placental mammals have shown a progressive congruence between mitogenomic and nuclear phylogenies. Some inconsistencies have nevertheless persisted, notably with respect to basal divergences. The current study has aimed to extend the representation of groups, whose position in the placental tree has been difficult to establish in mitogenomic studies. Both ML (maximum likelihood) and Bayesian analyses identified four basal monophyletic groups, Afroplacentalia (=Afrotheria: Hyracoidea, Proboscidea, Sire

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Arnason, Ulfur, Joseph A. Adegoke, Anette Gullberg, Eric H. Harley, Axel Janke, and Morgan Kullberg. "Mitogenomic relationships of placental mammals and molecular estimates of their divergences." Gene 421, no. 1-2 (2008): 37–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13471214.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Molecular analyses of the relationships of placental mammals have shown a progressive congruence between mitogenomic and nuclear phylogenies. Some inconsistencies have nevertheless persisted, notably with respect to basal divergences. The current study has aimed to extend the representation of groups, whose position in the placental tree has been difficult to establish in mitogenomic studies. Both ML (maximum likelihood) and Bayesian analyses identified four basal monophyletic groups, Afroplacentalia (=Afrotheria: Hyracoidea, Proboscidea, Sire

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Arnason, Ulfur, Joseph A. Adegoke, Anette Gullberg, Eric H. Harley, Axel Janke, and Morgan Kullberg. "Mitogenomic relationships of placental mammals and molecular estimates of their divergences." Gene 421, no. 1-2 (2008): 37–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13471214.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Molecular analyses of the relationships of placental mammals have shown a progressive congruence between mitogenomic and nuclear phylogenies. Some inconsistencies have nevertheless persisted, notably with respect to basal divergences. The current study has aimed to extend the representation of groups, whose position in the placental tree has been difficult to establish in mitogenomic studies. Both ML (maximum likelihood) and Bayesian analyses identified four basal monophyletic groups, Afroplacentalia (=Afrotheria: Hyracoidea, Proboscidea, Sire

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31

Gutierrez, Javier, Roy Platt, Juan C. Opazo, David A. Ray, Federico Hoffmann, and Michael Vandewege. "Evolutionary history of the vertebrate Piwi gene family." PeerJ 9 (November 5, 2021): e12451. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12451.

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PIWIs are regulatory proteins that belong to the Argonaute family. Piwis are primarily expressed in gonads and protect the germline against the mobilization and propagation of transposable elements (TEs) through transcriptional gene silencing. Vertebrate genomes encode up to four Piwi genes: Piwil1, Piwil2, Piwil3 and Piwil4, but their duplication history is unresolved. We leveraged phylogenetics, synteny and expression analyses to address this void. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests Piwil1 and Piwil2 were retained in all vertebrate members. Piwil4 was the result of Piwil1 duplication in the

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32

Esselstyn, Jacob A., Carl H. Oliveros, Mark T. Swanson, and Brant C. Faircloth. "Investigating Difficult Nodes in the Placental Mammal Tree with Expanded Taxon Sampling and Thousands of Ultraconserved Elements." Genome Biology and Evolution 9, no. 9 (2017): 2308–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13534798.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The phylogeny of eutherian mammals contains some of the most recalcitrant nodes in the tetrapod tree of life. We combined comprehensive taxon and character sampling to explore three of the most debated interordinal relationships among placental mammals. We performed in silico extraction of ultraconserved element loci from 72 published genomes and invitro enrichment and sequencing of ultraconserved elements from 28 additional mammals, resulting in alignments of 3,787 loci. We analyzed these data using concatenated and multispecies coalescent ph

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33

Esselstyn, Jacob A., Carl H. Oliveros, Mark T. Swanson, and Brant C. Faircloth. "Investigating Difficult Nodes in the Placental Mammal Tree with Expanded Taxon Sampling and Thousands of Ultraconserved Elements." Genome Biology and Evolution 9, no. 9 (2017): 2308–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13534798.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The phylogeny of eutherian mammals contains some of the most recalcitrant nodes in the tetrapod tree of life. We combined comprehensive taxon and character sampling to explore three of the most debated interordinal relationships among placental mammals. We performed in silico extraction of ultraconserved element loci from 72 published genomes and invitro enrichment and sequencing of ultraconserved elements from 28 additional mammals, resulting in alignments of 3,787 loci. We analyzed these data using concatenated and multispecies coalescent ph

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34

Cao, Ying, Miyako Fujiwara, Masato Nikaido, Norihiro Okada, and Masami Hasegawa. "Interordinal relationships and timescale of eutherian evolution as inferred from mitochondrial genome data." Gene 259, no. 1-2 (2000): 149–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13438638.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Extensive phylogenetic analyses of the updated sequence data of mammalian mitochondrial genomes were carried out using the maximum likelihood method in order to resolve deep branchings in eutherian evolution. The divergence times in the mammalian tree were estimated by a relaxed molecular clock of the mitochondrial proteins calibrated with multiple references. A Chiroptera/Eulipotyphla (i.e. bat/mole) clade and a close relationship of this clade to Fereuungulata (Carnivora+Perissodactyla+Cetartiodactyla) were reconfirmed with high statistical

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35

Cao, Ying, Miyako Fujiwara, Masato Nikaido, Norihiro Okada, and Masami Hasegawa. "Interordinal relationships and timescale of eutherian evolution as inferred from mitochondrial genome data." Gene 259, no. 1-2 (2000): 149–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13438638.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Extensive phylogenetic analyses of the updated sequence data of mammalian mitochondrial genomes were carried out using the maximum likelihood method in order to resolve deep branchings in eutherian evolution. The divergence times in the mammalian tree were estimated by a relaxed molecular clock of the mitochondrial proteins calibrated with multiple references. A Chiroptera/Eulipotyphla (i.e. bat/mole) clade and a close relationship of this clade to Fereuungulata (Carnivora+Perissodactyla+Cetartiodactyla) were reconfirmed with high statistical

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36

Cao, Ying, Miyako Fujiwara, Masato Nikaido, Norihiro Okada, and Masami Hasegawa. "Interordinal relationships and timescale of eutherian evolution as inferred from mitochondrial genome data." Gene 259, no. 1-2 (2000): 149–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13438638.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Extensive phylogenetic analyses of the updated sequence data of mammalian mitochondrial genomes were carried out using the maximum likelihood method in order to resolve deep branchings in eutherian evolution. The divergence times in the mammalian tree were estimated by a relaxed molecular clock of the mitochondrial proteins calibrated with multiple references. A Chiroptera/Eulipotyphla (i.e. bat/mole) clade and a close relationship of this clade to Fereuungulata (Carnivora+Perissodactyla+Cetartiodactyla) were reconfirmed with high statistical

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37

Cao, Ying, Miyako Fujiwara, Masato Nikaido, Norihiro Okada, and Masami Hasegawa. "Interordinal relationships and timescale of eutherian evolution as inferred from mitochondrial genome data." Gene 259, no. 1-2 (2000): 149–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13438638.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Extensive phylogenetic analyses of the updated sequence data of mammalian mitochondrial genomes were carried out using the maximum likelihood method in order to resolve deep branchings in eutherian evolution. The divergence times in the mammalian tree were estimated by a relaxed molecular clock of the mitochondrial proteins calibrated with multiple references. A Chiroptera/Eulipotyphla (i.e. bat/mole) clade and a close relationship of this clade to Fereuungulata (Carnivora+Perissodactyla+Cetartiodactyla) were reconfirmed with high statistical

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38

Cao, Ying, Miyako Fujiwara, Masato Nikaido, Norihiro Okada, and Masami Hasegawa. "Interordinal relationships and timescale of eutherian evolution as inferred from mitochondrial genome data." Gene 259, no. 1-2 (2000): 149–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13438638.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Extensive phylogenetic analyses of the updated sequence data of mammalian mitochondrial genomes were carried out using the maximum likelihood method in order to resolve deep branchings in eutherian evolution. The divergence times in the mammalian tree were estimated by a relaxed molecular clock of the mitochondrial proteins calibrated with multiple references. A Chiroptera/Eulipotyphla (i.e. bat/mole) clade and a close relationship of this clade to Fereuungulata (Carnivora+Perissodactyla+Cetartiodactyla) were reconfirmed with high statistical

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39

Abduriyim, Shamshidin, Da‐Hu Zou, and Huabin Zhao. "Origin and evolution of the major histocompatibility complex class I region in eutherian mammals." Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 13 (2019): 7861–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13468261.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes in vertebrates are vital in defending against pathogenic infections. To gain new insights into the evolution of MHC Class I (MHCI) genes and test competing hypotheses on the origin of the MHCI region in eutherian mammals, we studied available genome assemblies of nine species in Afrotheria, Xenarthra, and Laurasiatheria, and successfully characterized the MHCI region in six species. The following numbers of putatively functional genes were detected: in the elephant, four, one, and eight in the exten

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40

Abduriyim, Shamshidin, Da‐Hu Zou, and Huabin Zhao. "Origin and evolution of the major histocompatibility complex class I region in eutherian mammals." Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 13 (2019): 7861–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13468261.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes in vertebrates are vital in defending against pathogenic infections. To gain new insights into the evolution of MHC Class I (MHCI) genes and test competing hypotheses on the origin of the MHCI region in eutherian mammals, we studied available genome assemblies of nine species in Afrotheria, Xenarthra, and Laurasiatheria, and successfully characterized the MHCI region in six species. The following numbers of putatively functional genes were detected: in the elephant, four, one, and eight in the exten

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41

Abduriyim, Shamshidin, Da‐Hu Zou, and Huabin Zhao. "Origin and evolution of the major histocompatibility complex class I region in eutherian mammals." Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 13 (2019): 7861–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13468261.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes in vertebrates are vital in defending against pathogenic infections. To gain new insights into the evolution of MHC Class I (MHCI) genes and test competing hypotheses on the origin of the MHCI region in eutherian mammals, we studied available genome assemblies of nine species in Afrotheria, Xenarthra, and Laurasiatheria, and successfully characterized the MHCI region in six species. The following numbers of putatively functional genes were detected: in the elephant, four, one, and eight in the exten

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42

Abduriyim, Shamshidin, Da‐Hu Zou, and Huabin Zhao. "Origin and evolution of the major histocompatibility complex class I region in eutherian mammals." Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 13 (2019): 7861–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13468261.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes in vertebrates are vital in defending against pathogenic infections. To gain new insights into the evolution of MHC Class I (MHCI) genes and test competing hypotheses on the origin of the MHCI region in eutherian mammals, we studied available genome assemblies of nine species in Afrotheria, Xenarthra, and Laurasiatheria, and successfully characterized the MHCI region in six species. The following numbers of putatively functional genes were detected: in the elephant, four, one, and eight in the exten

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43

Abduriyim, Shamshidin, Da‐Hu Zou, and Huabin Zhao. "Origin and evolution of the major histocompatibility complex class I region in eutherian mammals." Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 13 (2019): 7861–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13468261.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes in vertebrates are vital in defending against pathogenic infections. To gain new insights into the evolution of MHC Class I (MHCI) genes and test competing hypotheses on the origin of the MHCI region in eutherian mammals, we studied available genome assemblies of nine species in Afrotheria, Xenarthra, and Laurasiatheria, and successfully characterized the MHCI region in six species. The following numbers of putatively functional genes were detected: in the elephant, four, one, and eight in the exten

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44

O'Leary, Maureen A., Jonathan I. Bloch, John J. Flynn, et al. "The Placental Mammal Ancestor and the Post–K-Pg Radiation of Placentals." Science 339, no. 6120 (2013): 662–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13504610.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Let There Be Mammals The timing of the evolution and radiation of placental mammals and their most recent common ancestor has long been debated, with many questions surrounding the relationships of groups that pre- and postdate the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary (66 million years ago). While the fossil record suggests that placental mammals radiated after the Cretaceous, molecular clocks have consistently placed the ancestors of mammalian lineages earlier. O'Leary et al. (p. 662 ; see the Perspective by Yoder ) examined the morphology of fossil

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45

O'Leary, Maureen A., Jonathan I. Bloch, John J. Flynn, et al. "The Placental Mammal Ancestor and the Post–K-Pg Radiation of Placentals." Science 339, no. 6120 (2013): 662–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13504610.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Let There Be Mammals The timing of the evolution and radiation of placental mammals and their most recent common ancestor has long been debated, with many questions surrounding the relationships of groups that pre- and postdate the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary (66 million years ago). While the fossil record suggests that placental mammals radiated after the Cretaceous, molecular clocks have consistently placed the ancestors of mammalian lineages earlier. O'Leary et al. (p. 662 ; see the Perspective by Yoder ) examined the morphology of fossil

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46

O'Leary, Maureen A., Jonathan I. Bloch, John J. Flynn, et al. "The Placental Mammal Ancestor and the Post–K-Pg Radiation of Placentals." Science 339, no. 6120 (2013): 662–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13504610.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Let There Be Mammals The timing of the evolution and radiation of placental mammals and their most recent common ancestor has long been debated, with many questions surrounding the relationships of groups that pre- and postdate the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary (66 million years ago). While the fossil record suggests that placental mammals radiated after the Cretaceous, molecular clocks have consistently placed the ancestors of mammalian lineages earlier. O'Leary et al. (p. 662 ; see the Perspective by Yoder ) examined the morphology of fossil

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47

O'Leary, Maureen A., Jonathan I. Bloch, John J. Flynn, et al. "The Placental Mammal Ancestor and the Post–K-Pg Radiation of Placentals." Science 339, no. 6120 (2013): 662–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13504610.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Let There Be Mammals The timing of the evolution and radiation of placental mammals and their most recent common ancestor has long been debated, with many questions surrounding the relationships of groups that pre- and postdate the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary (66 million years ago). While the fossil record suggests that placental mammals radiated after the Cretaceous, molecular clocks have consistently placed the ancestors of mammalian lineages earlier. O'Leary et al. (p. 662 ; see the Perspective by Yoder ) examined the morphology of fossil

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48

Reyes, Laura D., Cheryl D. Stimpson, Kanika Gupta, et al. "Neuron Types in the Presumptive Primary Somatosensory Cortex of the Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 86, no. 3-4 (2015): 210–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000441964.

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Within afrotherians, sirenians are unusual due to their aquatic lifestyle, large body size and relatively large lissencephalic brain. However, little is known about the neuron type distributions of the cerebral cortex in sirenians within the context of other afrotherians and aquatic mammals. The present study investigated two cortical regions, dorsolateral cortex area 1 (DL1) and cluster cortex area 2 (CL2), in the presumptive primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) to characterize cyto- and chemoarchitecture. The mean neuron density for both cort

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49

Vizcaíno, Sergio F. "The teeth of the “toothless”: novelties and key innovations in the evolution of xenarthrans (Mammalia, Xenarthra)." Paleobiology 35, no. 3 (2009): 343–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373-35.3.343.

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A combination of historical, functional, and biomechanical constraints has shaped the masticatory apparatus of fossil and extant xenarthrans. Among the more notable features are the teeth: hypselodont; commonly reduced in size, complexity, and number; separated by short diastema; and composed of osteodentine. Enamel is absent, as are the cuspal patterns of other mammals. A comprehensive revision of teeth and other features of the masticatory apparatus of xenarthrans reveals that previous generalizations underestimate the morphological diversity and adaptive possibilities developed within the c

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50

Asher, Robert J., Nigel Bennett, and Thomas Lehmann. "The new framework for understanding placental mammal evolution." BioEssays 31, no. 8 (2009): 853–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14821135.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Abstract An unprecedented level of confidence has recently crystallized around a new hypothesis of how living placental mammals share a pattern of common descent. The major groups are afrotheres ( e.g ., aardvarks, elephants), xenarthrans ( e.g ., anteaters, sloths), laurasiatheres ( e.g ., horses, shrews), and euarchontoglires ( e.g ., humans, rodents). Compared with previous hypotheses this tree is remarkably stable; however, some uncertainty persists about the location of the placental root, and (for example) the position of bats within lau

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