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Journal articles on the topic 'After 1870'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 27 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

SFORZI, ALESSANDRA, and DANIELE SOMMAGGIO. "Catalog of the Diptera types described by Camillo Rondani." Zootaxa 4989, no. 1 (2021): 1–438. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4989.1.1.

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This catalog lists all 1226 nominal species introduced by Rondani within Diptera (1174 available and 52 unavailable), providing for each available name data on the type locality, type material, current taxonomic status and with remarks on both the collectors and the specialists who have studied this material. The following new synonymies are proposed: Panops aeneus Philippi, 1865 [Acroceridae] under Lasia aenea Rondani, 1863, n. syn.; Panops nigripes Philippi, 1865 [Acroceridae] under Lasia cuprea Rondani, 1863, n. syn.; Tabanus brasiliensis Rondani, 1850 [Tabanidae] under Dichelacera fa

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2

Lopes, Maria. "C. F. Hartt's Contribution to Brazilian Museums of Natural History." Earth Sciences History 13, no. 2 (1994): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.13.2.v747x4571u0472k5.

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Charles Frederic Hartt (1840-1878), a geologist who took part in Louis Agassiz's Thayer Expedition in 1865, returned to Brazil several times during his life: a solo trip in 1867, two of his own expeditions (while he was professor of geology at Cornell University), the Morgan Expeditions of 1870 and 1871, and his final voyage, which started in 1874. Hartt is known for his opposition to Agassiz's glacial theory of the Amazon River basin, for his contributions to Brazilian geological knowledge, and for his rôle in the Geological Commission of Brazil. Lesser known are his contributions and links t

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3

Anisimov, A. O. "The Russian Library in Zurich (1870–1874)." Proceedings of SPSTL SB RAS, no. 4 (November 21, 2024): 27–35. https://doi.org/10.20913/2618-7515-2024-4-27-35.

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The purpose of the article is to provide a historical analysis of the emergence and functioning of the Russian library in Zurich, organized by members of the Russian colony in 1870, and also to show that the public discussions that took place at the end of the 19th century are very similar in style to modern Internet discussions and , therefore, can be considered as a prototype of the latter.The article is devoted to the history of one of the first Russian public libraries abroad, located in Zurich (Switzerland) in the first half of the 70s of the XIX century, which was not just a library, a r

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4

Dutta, Rakhi, and Subhendu Bardhan. "A taxonomic correction after 140 years." Journal of Paleontology 91, no. 1 (2016): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2016.148.

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AbstractWaagen (1875) was the first who dealt with the Jurassic ammonites of Kutch based on detailed taxonomic work. In his monograph, he described among many species Perisphinctes spirorbis Neumayr, 1870 and P. aberrans Waagen, 1875 from the Callovian of Kutch, but the figures mentioned in the description did not correspond to the actual species. For P. spirorbis, the plate illustrated the holotype of an entirely different species (P. aberrans). On the other hand, P. spirorbis was illustrated as the lectotype of P. aberrans. Later, Spath (1924) introduced a new genus, Subgrossouvria, based on

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5

Lovejoy, Paul E., and David Richardson. "British Abolition and its Impact on Slave Prices Along the Atlantic Coast of Africa, 1783–1850." Journal of Economic History 55, no. 1 (1995): 98–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700040584.

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This article challenges the widely held view that slave prices in Africa fell substantially and permanently after Britain abolished its slave trade in 1807. Examination of slave-price data shows that, when allowance is made for movements in prices of trade goods bartered for slaves, real slave prices fell sharply between 1807 and 1820 but that the fall was confined to West Africa. In West Central Africa prices remained steady before 1820. Thereafter, prices rose strongly in both areas, and between 1830 and 1850 prices were generally close to the levels reached between 1783 and 1807, the height

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6

von Beyme, Klaus. "The Effects of Reunification on German Democracy: A Preliminary Evaluation of a Great Social Experiment." Government and Opposition 27, no. 2 (1992): 158–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1992.tb00594.x.

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A Great Deal of Macro-Sociological theory in Germany since Max Weber has been devoted to the inquiry into the 'special German road to development' and to the incompatability of developments in the economic and political sectors. Germany, after its first unification in 1871, developed quickly into an important economic power. In the late-nineteenth century Germany overtook Britain in economic strength and seemed to be second only to the United States. Britain, however, remained the unmatched model of development: it was, together with the United States, the only country which synchronized effec

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7

Ivanov, Denis. "[On the Issue of the Time and Manner of Establishment of the Central Bulgarian Revolutionary Committee in Bulgaria." Istoriya-History 30, no. 3 (2022): 254–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/his2022-3-2-cbrc.

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Two of the most important and still unresolved issues in the history of the Bulgarian committee movement in the late 60s and early 70s of the XIX century are when the CBRC in Bulgaria (the Lovech`s Central Committee), was established and what`s happened to the private revolutionary committee in Lovech after the establishment of the Central Committee in the same town. The most common opinions are that the CBRC in Bulgaria was established in the second half of 1870, in the spring or the autumn of 1871. According to me, CBRC in Bulgaria was most likely established at the end of September 1871. As

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8

Coclanis, Peter A. "Southeast Asia's Incorporation into the World Rice Market: A Revisionist View." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 24, no. 2 (1993): 251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400002629.

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The story of Southeast Asia's incorporation into the “world” — or, more properly, Western — rice market is well known. Indeed, this story is sufficiently familiar so as almost to invite employment of the presumptuous “as every schoolboy knows” rhetorical conceit. Briefly put, the region's incorporation into this market is said to have coincided with the “New Imperialism”, more or less as defined by Hobson and Lenin: the period between about 1860 or 1870 and 1900 or 1910. From small-scale beginnings in the 1850s and 1860s, Southeast Asia's extra-Asian rice trade is said to have grown dramatical

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9

Young, Davis. "The Emergence of the Diversity of Igneous Rocks As A Geological Problem: Part One—Early Speculations." Earth Sciences History 18, no. 1 (1999): 51–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.18.1.a82u23018qg65003.

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Speculation about igneous rock diversity began in the first half of the nineteenth century after acceptance of the existence of ancient volcanism and the recognition of two fundamental types of lava: basalt and trachyte. Before 1850, George Poulett Scrope (1797-1876), Charles Darwin (1809-1882), and James Dwight Dana (1813-1895) attributed diversity to intumescence of gas-rich lava, crystal settling, and differential fusion of minerals. In the 1850s, Robert Bunsen (1811-1899) maintained that lava is derived from two deep normal trachytic and normal pyroxenic sources. Wolfgang Sartorius von Wal

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10

Arbekov, A. B. ""UNDER THE COMMAND OF A TALENTED LEADER IS A FEARSOME ENEMY... ". THE FRENCH ARMY IN THE PERCEPTION OF RUSSIAN OFFICERS IN THE 1870 – 1880S." TULA SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN. HISTORY. LINGUISTICS, no. 3(19) (December 5, 2024): 50–64. https://doi.org/10.22405/2712-8407-2024-3-50-64.

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The article is devoted to the formation and transformation of Russian officers' views on the French army in the 1870s – 1880s. Addressing this issue helps to clarify the peculiarities of the Russian military affairs development in the period under consideration and allows identifying certain prerequisites for the formation of the Russian-French alliance in the first half of the 1890s. The source base of the present study was the reports of Russian military agents in France, as well as reports of high-ranking Russian officers sent to observe the annual maneuvers of French troops in the 1870s –

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Janicka, Anna. "BALKAN REALPOLITIK LESSON: “WEEKLY REVIEW” IN 1876." Polish Studies of Kyiv, no. 38 (2022): 18–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/psk.2022.38.18-38.

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The article presents little-known articles on the Balkan War of 1875–1878 published in Przegląd Tygodniowy, a magazine of the young Warsaw intelligentsia promoting positivism and social and civilizational reforms. The second war in Europe in a short time (after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871) became an intellectual challenge for the generation of reformers. The Russian Empire appeared in it as a force bringing freedom to the Balkan nations, forcing various Polish political and intellectual circles to opt for Russia, which defended the slogans of Pan-Slavism, or for Turkey, which was cal

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Diodato, N., I. Gómara, and G. Bellocchi. "Modelling snowfall in southern Italy: a historical perspective in the Benevento Valley (1645-2018)." Climate Research 85 (December 2, 2021): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/cr01681.

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The lack of long-term, homogeneous snowfall records is a limitation in environmental studies. Statistical modelling holds potential to extend snowfall records back in time with a limited set of predictors: snow severity and winter-spring temperatures (with their variability) to reflect elevation influences. The annual number of snow days (SDY) in the Benevento Valley (southern Italy) was detailed for the period 1870-2018. Calibrated in the period 1870-1968 (R2 = 0.85) and validated in the period 1969-2018 (R2 = 0.67), the model developed here enabled the reconstruction of a time-series of SDY

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13

Ager, Philipp, Leah Boustan, and Katherine Eriksson. "The Intergenerational Effects of a Large Wealth Shock: White Southerners after the Civil War." American Economic Review 111, no. 11 (2021): 3767–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20191422.

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The nullification of slave wealth after the US Civil War (1861–1865) was one of the largest episodes of wealth compression in history. We document that White Southern households that owned more slaves in 1860 lost substantially more wealth by 1870, relative to Southern households that had been equally wealthy before the war. Yet, their sons almost entirely recovered from this wealth shock by 1900, and their grandsons completely converged by 1940. Marriage networks and connections to other elite families may have aided in recovery, whereas transmission of entrepreneurship and skills appear less

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14

Leuschner, Torsten. "Richard Böckh (1824–1907): Sprachenstatistik zwischen Nationalitätsprinzip und Nationalstaat." Historiographia Linguistica International Journal for the History of the Language Sciences 31, no. 2-3 (2004): 389–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.31.2-3.09leu.

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The present article discusses politically relevant aspects of the work of the Prussian statistician Richard Böckh (1824–1907), a renowned specialist on language statistics, nationality policy and general demographics in his day. Two of his publications are focused on: the article “Über die statistische Bedeutung der Volksprache” (‘On the Statistical Significance of the National Tongue’, 1866), in which Böckh expresses the view that nationality is defined exclusively by virtue of language, and the bookDer Deutschen Volkszahl und Sprachgebiet in den europäischen Staaten(‘The Number and Areal Ext

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15

Anderson, Gillian B. "Putting the Experience of the World at the Nation's Command: Music at the Library of Congress, 1800-1917." Journal of the American Musicological Society 42, no. 1 (1989): 108–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/831419.

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Between 1800 and 1917 the music section at the Library of Congress grew from a few items in The Gentleman's Magazine to almost a million items. The history of this development provides a unique view of the infant discipline of musicology and the central role that libraries played in its growth in the United States. Between 1800 and 1870 only 500 items were acquired by the music section at the Library of Congress. In 1870 approximately 36,000 copyright deposits (which had been accumulating at several copyright depositories since 1789) enlarged the music section by more than seventy fold. After

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16

Gow, James Iain. "L'administration publique dans le discours politique au Québec, de Lord Durham à nos jours." Canadian Journal of Political Science 23, no. 4 (1990): 685–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423900020801.

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AbstractThis article studies the varied fortunes of public administration in Quebec political discourse. After being the object of both discussion and reforms from 1840 to 1870, the administration was largely neglected for the next 90 years, except in the context of political scandals. Then, after two decades of great attention, the administration fell under attack in the 1980s. After looking at the enduring themes of this discourse, the article concludes that, in addition to the conditions prevailing in all the provinces, in Quebec the apolitical nature of traditional ideology prevented the d

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17

Jone, Adam. "Four Years in Asante: One Source or Several?" History in Africa 18 (1991): 173–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172062.

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Since its publication in 1874-1875 the account by the Basel missionaries Friedrich (‘Fritz’) August Ramseyer (1842-1902) and Johannes Kühne (1840-1915) of their captivity in Asante, Vier Jahre in Asante, has constituted one of the major written sources on the nature of precolonial society in what is now southern Ghana. Stationed at Anum, near the east bank of the lower Volta, Ramseyer and Kühne were captured together with Ramseyer's wife and infant son in June 1869 by an Asante force which had invaded Ewe territory. They were taken to Asante and eventually, after a seven-month stay in a hamlet

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18

Nelson, Claudia. "Ethel Turner and the ‘Voices of Dissent’: Masculinities and Fatherhood in The Cub and Captain Cub." Papers: Explorations into Children's Literature 13, no. 1 (2003): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/pecl2003vol13no1art1292.

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In his interesting study 'Making the Australian Male: Middle-Class Masculinity 1870-1920', Martin Crotty argues that turn-of-the-century Australians firmly rejected the androgynous, domesticated gender role that both children's fiction and the public schools had offered Australian boys in the 1870s... Work such as Crotty's should help to inspire any number of reexaminations of the masculine gender role in texts that sought to acculturate young readers before, during, and after the Great War.

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Thistlethwaite, Nicholas. "Re-Making the English Organ: Musical and Liturgical Contexts, 1830–1870." Nineteenth-Century Music Review 12, no. 1 (2015): 71–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479409815000051.

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The article describes the evolution of the English organ under the influence of changes in musical style and liturgical practice between 1830 and 1870. A preliminary discussion of the Georgian organ and the performance conventions of its players provides a benchmark against which to measure the ensuing changes. S.S. Wesley is taken as a case study with reference to changes made to the Hereford Cathedral organ in 1832; it is argued that these reflect Wesley's musical priorities, a point that is further illustrated by a consideration of the registration markings found in the original manuscripts

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20

Ens, Gerhard. "Dispossession or Adaptation? Migration and Persistence of the Red River Metis, 1835‑1890." Historical Papers 23, no. 1 (2006): 120–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030984ar.

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Abstract The period from 1870 to 1890 saw the widespread dispersal of the Red River Metis. In the past historians have attributed this migration either to the inability of the Metis to adjust to settled society, or to the forced dispossession by the Canadian government. Both these views have some validity, but oversimplify the causes of the Metis emigration from Red River. An examination of the changing nature of the Metis family economy and the dynamics of migration show that the Metis movement out of Red River had begun well before 1870 and was a response to new economic opportunities. Chang

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NESET, TINA-SIMONE SCHMID. "RECONSTRUCTING SWEDISH FOOD CONSUMPTION FROM HOSPITAL DIETS AFTER 1870." Ecology of Food and Nutrition 43, no. 3 (2004): 149–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03670240490446786.

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Funke, Manuel, Moritz Schularick, and Christoph Trebesch. "Going to extremes: Politics after financial crises, 1870–2014." European Economic Review 88 (September 2016): 227–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2016.03.006.

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Pigott, Louis J. "Silvester Diggles (1817–1880), Australian ornithologist." Archives of Natural History 31, no. 2 (2004): 253–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2004.31.2.253.

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Silvester Diggles, a gifted natural history artist and amateur naturalist with interests in entomology and ornithology, flourished in Australia in the third quarter of the nineteenth century. He wrote and illustrated (but published only in part) The ornithology of Australia (1865–1870) which appeared not long after John Gould's The birds of Australia (1840–1848). This paper examines Diggles' role as a bird artist, explores his standing as an ornithologist and seeks to unravel some of the complexities of his book in both published and unpublished components.

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TODD, DAVID. "TRANSNATIONAL PROJECTS OF EMPIRE IN FRANCE, C.1815–C.1870." Modern Intellectual History 12, no. 2 (2014): 265–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147924431400047x.

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Rather than renouncing empire after the fall of Napoleon, this essay argues, French liberal thinkers expressed a sustained preference for a strategy based on transnational connections, or what imperial historians describe as informal imperialism. The eulogy of European Christian civilization exemplified by François Guizot's lecture at the Sorbonne in 1828 served not only to legitimize French global ambitions, but also to facilitate cooperation with other European imperial powers, especially Britain, and indigenous collaborators. Liberal enthusiasm for the spread of Western civilization also in

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Werner-Misof, C., J. Macuhova, V. Tancin, and R. M. Bruckmaier. "Dose dependent changes in inflammatory parameters in the milk of dairy cows after intramammary infusion of lipopolysaccharide." Veterinární Medicína 52, No. 3 (2008): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1870-vetmed.

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The goal of this study was to evaluate the dose dependent changes in common milk and blood parameters for udder health after an intramammary (IM) infusion of five different doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 &mu;g, respectively). Ten Holstein Friesian cows randomly divided into five groups of 2 cows each were IM infused into one quarter with one LPS dose dissolved in 10 ml of saline. The contralateral quarter was infused with 10 ml saline (9 g/l). Milk samples were taken immediately before and 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 hours after the treatment. All milk samples were

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Gandhi, S. S., J. K. Mortensen, N. Prasad, and O. van Breemen. "Magmatic evolution of the southern Great Bear continental arc, northwestern Canadian Shield: geochronological constraints." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 38, no. 5 (2001): 767–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e00-094.

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The calc-alkaline Great Bear continental arc in the Wopmay Orogen developed after a collision ca. 1890 Ma of the Archean Slave craton with the Paleoproterozoic Hottah terrane to the west. UPb zircon dating of three volcanic and six intrusive rocks from the southern part of the arc shows four stages of development: (i) intrusion of a few small sodic leucogranite plutons at 1873 ± 2 Ma into a previously folded metasedimentary sequence; (ii) abundant calc-alkaline felsic volcanism and subvolcanic intrusions during the period 18701866 Ma, bracketed by five ages; (iii) intrusion of large calc-alk

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NAUMOVA, MARIA, GERGIN BLAGOEV, and CHRISTO DELTSHEV. "Fifty spider species new to the Bulgarian fauna, with a review of some dubious species (Arachnida: Araneae)." Zootaxa 4984, no. 1 (2021): 228–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.18.

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This study is a part of an ongoing comprehensive inventory of Bulgarian spiders. A total of fifty spider species belonging to thirteen families are reported for the first time from Bulgaria. Four species are rejected from the Bulgarian spider checklist due to misidentification: Callilepis concolor Simon, 1914, Centromerus capucinus (Simon, 1884), Hoplopholcus labyrinthi (Kulczyński, 1903) and Mansuphantes prope fragilis (Thorell, 1875). Another four species (Drassodes villosus (Thorell, 1856), Entelecara flavipes (Blackwall, 1834), Lepthyphantes notabilis Kulczyński, 1887 and Singa semiatra L.

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Barton, Ruth. "‘An Influential Set of Chaps’: The X-Club and Royal Society Politics 1864–85." British Journal for the History of Science 23, no. 1 (1990): 53–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400044459.

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‘Our’ included not only Hooker and Huxley but their fellow-members of the X-Club. ‘Our time’ had been the 1870s and early 1880s. For a five-year period from November 1873 to November 1878 Hooker had been President of the Society, Huxley one of the Secretaries, and fellow X-Club member, William Spottiswoode, the Treasurer. Hooker was followed in the Presidency by Spottiswoode, and on Spottiswoode's death in 1883 Huxley was elected President. During this period other X-Club members—Edward Frankland, John Tyndall, George Busk, Sir John Lubbock, and Thomas Hirst—were ordinary members of the Counci

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Dushenko, Konstantin. "‘RUSSOPHOBIA’ AND RELATED CONCEPTS IN GERMANY IN THE 19 TH CENTURY." Herald of Culturology, no. 2 (2022): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/hoc/2022.02.02.

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The concept of ‘Russophobia’ was introduced by British radicals in 1836. In Germany 1830-1840 s, the ‘Russophobia’ debate took on a much clearer ideological connotation than it was in England. The dividing line was between democrats and national liberals, on the one hand, and conservatives, on the other; and the image of Russia was very different for both. The following words were used as synonyms for ‘Russophobia’: RussenhaB (hatred of Russians), Russen-Scheu and Russenfurcht (fear of Russians), Russenfeindschaft (hostility towards Russians), Russophagie (Russophagy), Russenfresserei (Russian

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Laković, Maja. "Greek-Bulgarian dispute through the prism of Russian diplomacy: From the Exarchy to the schism (1870-1872)." Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini 52, no. 4 (2022): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp52-40417.

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The compromise policy of the Russian government served Ignatiyev as a cover for his obvious favour to the Bulgarian side, with the goal of achieving not only church but also political independence of Bulgaria. During the Greek-Bulgarian religious conflict, the Russian ambassador had a high degree of freedom in his independent actions. The motives of all participants in the dispute corresponded more to a political than to an ecclesiastical struggle. He also considered the Proclamation of the Bulgarian Exarchy a personal triumph, which he interpreted as a victory for the Slavs in Turkey, while i

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Bosma, Ulbe. "The Cultivation System (1830–1870) and its private entrepreneurs on colonial Java." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 38, no. 2 (2007): 275–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463407000045.

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AbstractEver since the interregnum from 1811 to 1816 of Lieutenant Governor General Stamford Raffles, British trading interests had been firmly established in colonial Indonesia. The implementation of the Cultivation System in 1830 on Java by the Dutch colonial government was an attempt to bring this potentially rich colony under Dutch economic control, but it is usually considered a departure from the principles of economic liberalism and a phase during which private entrepreneurs were barred from the emerging plantation economy. However, on the basis of census data and immigration records, a

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Resende, José Ricardo Marques. "A Princesa do Sul e seus moleques de pele negra: experiências de meninos escravizados em Pelotas - RS (1850-1870)." Revista Discente Ofícios de Clio 5, no. 9 (2021): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/clio.v5i9.19536.

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O presente artigo tem como cenário o extremo sul do Império escravista brasileiro; a cidade de Pelotas (1850-1870) e tem a intenção de refletir sobre a presença das crianças negras nessas escravarias. A história social da escravidão, principalmente após 1980, tem se dedicado a diversas gamas de pesquisa sobre essa população. Todavia, são poucos trabalhos que centralizam as crianças como protagonistas nessas narrativas. O trabalho possui esse intuito, e para isso trabalha com algumas fontes documentais, principalmente inventários post-mortem e processos criminais, tentando entender a importânci

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Sarty, Roger. "“The Army Origin of the Royal Canadian Navy”: Canada’s Maritime Defences, 1855-1918." Northern Mariner / Le marin du nord 30, no. 4 (2021): 341–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2561-5467.41.

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In 1954 army historian George Stanley claimed that naval initiatives from the eighteenth century to the 1870s by the French and British armies in Canada and the local land militia were the true roots of the Royal Canadian Navy. He privately admitted that he was being intentionally provocative. The present article, however, reviews subsequent scholarship and offers new research that strengthens Stanley’s findings, and shows that the Canadian army continued to promote the organization of naval forces after the 1870s. The army, moreover, lobbied for the founding of the Royal Canadian Navy in 1910

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Veselova, A. Iu, and M. P. Miliutin. "Regarding the Composition of the Corps of Memoirs of A. T. Bolotov." Russkaya literatura 1 (2020): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/0131-6095-2020-1-65-75.

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The article provides a description of A. T. Bolotov’s memoir legacy and its destiny after the author’s death. The research shows that the memoirs consisted of 39 completed parts, and the 40th unfinished one; seven of them have been lost, yet a number of parts were duplicated in copies, forming the basis of the corps of memoirs published in Russkaya Starina in 1870–1873 (now in the National Library of Russia). The corresponding originals, most of which were handed over to M. P. Kiselev and prepared for publication in the Russkii Archive, are mostly located at the State Historical Museum.

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Sandstrom, T., N. Stjernberg, M. C. Andersson, Birgitta Kolmodin-Hedman, K. Lindstrom, and L. Rosenhall. "Cell response in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after sulfur dioxide exposure." Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 15, no. 2 (1989): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.1870.

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De Carvalho, José Murilo. "Brazil 1870–1914 – The Force of Tradition." Journal of Latin American Studies 24, S1 (1992): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00023816.

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Although in the literature there is almost a consensus that there was an advance of modernity in Brazil after 1870, tradition was sufficiently strong to maintain the values of a rural, patriarchal and hierarchical society. This modernity assumed characteristics that distinguished it from the classic model, represented by the Anglo-Saxon experience. In the period between 1870 and 1914 the ground was cleared for the conservative modernisation of the 1930s.

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Dong Li, Jeffrey. "From Exclusion to Equality: Chinese Americans' Century-Long Legal Struggle for Public Education Access, 1785–1954." International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research 10, no. 05 (2025): 1786–95. https://doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2025.v10i05.023.

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he earliest documented Chinese presence in the United States dates to the year of 1785, yet it was not until the California Supreme Court’s landmark ruling in Tape v. Hurley (1885) that Chinese Americans gained a stable, legally recognized right to attend public schools. Although the Burlingame Treaty of 1868 ostensibly obligated the federal government to shield Chinese immigrants from discrimination, amendments to California’s 1860 school code in 1870 and 1872 effectively barred Chinese children even from the segregated “separate schools” open to other racial minorities. This article reconstr

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Altić, Mirela. "From Coast to Coast: The Mapping of the Adriatic Sea by the Joint Forces of the Austro-Hungarian and Italian Hydrographic Offices." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-7-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> With the establishment of the second Austrian rule on the eastern Adriatic coast (1815), after several centuries, the Adriatic Sea was divided between two sides – Italian (Papal States and Kingdom of Two Sicilies) which ruled the western Adriatic coast, and the Austrian, which ruled the eastern coast and Lombardy-Venetia. Such division of the Adriatic Sea between the two powers in constant tension adversely affected the dynamics of mapping, and in the mid-19th century, there was a serious setback in mapping. In the 1860s, the strengthening of Ita

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Kosko, D. A. "The Image of the Russian Government in the Views of Polish Emigration in the 1860s – 1870s." HISTORY OF EVERYDAY LIFE 4, no. 32 (2024): 10–23. https://doi.org/10.35231/25422375_2024_4_10.

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This article attempts to define the image of the Russian government in the views of Polish emigration during the 1860s and 1870s. The author examines letters, articles, reports from the Third Section, publications, and memoirs of representatives of Polish emigration and concludes that the image of the Russian government often bore the characteristics of an "oppressor" and "plunderer". This perception is explained by several factors: a lot of emigrants took part in Polish uprisings and personally encountered the repressive policies of the tsarist authorities. The policy of Russification that un

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Lehmann, Jörg. "Civilization versus Barbarism." Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 7, no. 1 (2015): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2015.070103.

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In French history textbooks published after France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 to 1871, the presentation of the war and its outcome frequently include the myth of France's revanche and depictions of the Prussian enemy as barbarians. Other textbooks presented a narrative of progress in which the French Third Republic is shown as the endpoint of a process of advancing civilization. While the idea of a French revanche can be regarded as a founding myth of the Third Republic, the narrative of progress can be seen as an echo of this myth, cleansed of the concept of the enemy as barb

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Schelske, Claire L., John A. Robbins, Wayne S. Gardner, Daniel J. Conley, and Richard A. Bourbonniere. "Sediment Record of Biogeochemical Responses to Anthropogenic Perturbations of Nutrient Cycles in Lake Ontario." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no. 7 (1988): 1291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-151.

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Two sediment cores collected from the Rochester basin of Lake Ontario were dated with 210Pb and stratigraphic correlation and analyzed to determine whether nutrient accumulation with time was consistent with previous computer-simulated total phosphorus (TP) loadings. Relative increases in TP and nonapatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) accumulation were less than the fivefold increase in TP loading from 1800 to 1950 predicted independently from Chapra's simulation model. In addition, increases in TP accumulation occurred mainly after 1940 and the proportion of NAIP relative to TP increased in on

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Kuehn, Julia. "ELISABETH JERICHAU-BAUMANN, “EGYPT 1870”." Victorian Literature and Culture 38, no. 1 (2010): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106015030999043x.

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Elisabeth Baumann was born in Warsaw in 1819 to a German mapmaker, Philip Adolph Baumann, and his German wife, Johanne Frederikke Reyer. Her early training took her to Berlin and, from 1838, to the Düsseldorf Academy of Art, a leading one in its day. According to Hans Christian Andersen, who would later write a biography of his friend Elisabeth, the famous German painter Peter von Cornelius much admired Baumann's paintings, and speaking of them he declared, “She is the only real man in the Düsseldorf school,” which was doubtlessly meant as a compliment (see Andersen, qtd. in Von Folsach 83). I

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Souza, Arthur Danillo Castelo Branco de. "A guerra contra a escravidão: Lutas pela liberdade no Pernambuco Imperial (1850-1870)." Revista Discente Ofícios de Clio 4, no. 6 (2019): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/clio.v4i6.16061.

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As fugas escravas podem ser consideradas o aspecto mais comum de resistência à dominação escravista em toda história da escravidão. A formação de quilombos acontecia após uma fuga inicial por parte dos cativos que viriam a ser denominados quilombolas. As pequenas fugas para visitar parentes, amigos, cônjuges, possibilitaram aos cativos espaços e fragmentos de “liberdade” para poderem resistir e existir em cativeiro ao longo de suas vidas. Neste trabalho procuramos analisar, a partir dos anúncios de escravos fugidos retirados do Diário de Pernambuco e do Jornal do Recife, como as fugas individu

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GÓMEZ-GALVARRIATO, AURORA, and JEFFREY G. WILLIAMSON. "Was It Prices, Productivity or Policy? Latin American Industrialisation after 1870." Journal of Latin American Studies 41, no. 4 (2009): 663–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x09990551.

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AbstractThe new trade data used here document the significance of industrialisation in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico after 1870. By 1910 Brazil and Mexico, in particular, led most of the poor periphery in Asia, Africa and the Middle East. While some of this impressive industrialisation was due to fast productivity growth in manufacturing, perhaps yielding some catch-up on their competitors in the United States and Europe, this article argues that there were even more powerful forces at work. Much of the industrialisation that occurred in Latin America was due to a cessation in the seven-

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Marzanov, A. Y. "Review of Doctrinal Views on the International Legal Personality of the Holy See in the 19th and the early 20th Centuries." Moscow Journal of International Law, no. 1 (April 1, 2025): 17–30. https://doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2025-1-17-30.

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INTRODUCTION. The study of the prerequisites of the current international legal position of the Holy See and the Vatican City State requires a reflection on the status of the Papacy from 1870 to 1929. During this period, the Holy See maintained its independent international position despite the annexation of the Papal States to Italy. An analysis of the doctrine of that time will make it possible to demonstrate what theoretical constructions were proposed by international lawyers to explain the unique place of the Holy See in interstate communion.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study used a wide ra

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Власов, Н. А. "The Image of Russian Pan-Slavism in German Military-Political Leadership of 1870s and 1880s." Диалог со временем, no. 84(84) (October 16, 2023): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2023.84.84.015.

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Последняя треть XIX в. стала временем значительного ухудшения российско-герман-ских отношений. Важной причиной были действия германского политического и военного руководства, основанные на определенных представлениях о Российской империи, в т. ч. о российском панславизме. Целью статьи является выяснение особенностей образа российского панславизма у германской военно-политической элиты (военных и государственных деятелей). В результате изучения широкого круга разнообразных источников можно сделать вывод о том, что понятие «панславизм» активно использовалось в указанной среде с конца 1870-х по к

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Bodrov, Andrei, and Nikolay Vlasov. "THE GERMAN SOLDIERS AND FRENCH CIVILIANS DURING THE FRANCO-GERMAN WAR, 1870–1871." Ural Historical Journal 85, no. 4 (2024): 51–59. https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2024-4(85)-51-59.

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The article identifies the most common forms of interaction between the German military personnel and the French civilians in the occupied territories of France in 1870–1871, as well as the reasons why this interaction took one form or another. The authors note the variety of forms of this interaction. Ordinary French people were not ready for mass self-sacrifice, but cases of collaboration were extremely rare. The German military authorities, in turn, did not seek to inflict maximum suffering on the French population and relied on cooperation rather than repression. As a result, spinning the

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PRADOS DE LA ESCOSURA, LEANDRO. "Lost Decades? Economic Performance in Post-Independence Latin America." Journal of Latin American Studies 41, no. 2 (2009): 279–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x09005574.

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AbstractIn this paper the economic performance of post-independence Latin America is assessed in comparative perspective. The release from the colonial fiscal burden was partly offset by higher costs of self-government, while the opening of independent Latin American countries to the international economy represented a handmaiden of growth. Regional disparities increased after independence, so generalisations about the region's long-run behaviour are not straightforward. However, on average, per capita income grew in Latin America, and although the region fell behind compared with the United S

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Tammiksaar, Erki. "Ferdinand von Wrangell: white spots on the northeast coast of Siberia disappear." Polar Record 37, no. 201 (2001): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400026978.

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AbstractFerdinand von Wrangell (1796–1870) was one of the most successful explorers of the Russian Arctic. After participating in V.M. Golovnin's circumnavigation in 1817–19, he was appointed the commander of the Kolyma group of the northeast Siberian expedition of 1820–24. Wrangell later became a hugely significant figure in the Russian Empire, serving as governor-general in Alaska, director of the Russian-American Company, and the head of the hydrographic department of the Russian Admiralty, before being made a baron and promoted to admiral. Later still he was the minister of the naval depar

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Пискунов, М. О. "When They Turn Feathers to Bayonets (Review of Maciej Górny's “The Great War of the Professors”)." Диалог со временем, no. 83(83) (July 31, 2023): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2023.83.83.026.

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Статья является рецензией на книгу польского историка Мацея Гурного «Великая война профессоров», посвященную идеологическим столкновениям интеллектуалов враждующих сторон Первой мировой войны. Концентрируясь на восточно-европей-ских географах, физических антропологах, психологах и врачах, автор рисует широкое полотно взаимных упреков и обвинений, в которые превратилась наука враждующих стран после 1914 г. Гурный демонстрирует, как эти в научном смысле бесплодные рассуждения стали основой политической операционализации понятия раса. Истоком такого нового для Европы военного режима социально-гум

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