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1
Ruwitah, Aviton R. Matabeleland after the dispersion: A study in involuntary population movements, their economic & political impact in the era of colonialism, 1893-1960. [Harare]: University of Zimbabwe, History Dept., 1988.
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Porta, Donatella della, Massimiliano Andretta, Tiago Fernandes, Eduardo Romanos, and Markos Vogiatzoglou. Movement Memories. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190860936.003.0005.
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Chapter 5 is devoted to the impact of memories of past movements (with an emphasis on transition) on the movements that follow. After singling out main events, places, symbols, and persons that condense the memory of past movements in each country, it analyzes the mnemonic activities of social movements. The chapter looks at the ways in which collective memory is constructed and strategically used by the memory agents—in this case, the anti-austerity social movements of the European south. The memory building blocks invoked by the movements of each country are identified, and then the specific mechanisms, tactics, and broader strategies they employed are examined. Recent anti-austerity protests represent a main empirical focus for the analysis.
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Doll, Peter. The Architectural Impact of the Oxford Movement. Edited by Stewart J. Brown, Peter Nockles, and James Pereiro. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199580187.013.33.
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In this chapter the author argues that church buildings and their architecture influenced by the Oxford Movement cannot be understood apart from their essential grounding in the worship and self-understanding of the Church. This study sets the consideration of such church buildings in the wider context of the history of the Church of England both before and after the Reformation. The churches of the Church of England preceding and following the Oxford Movement articulate an Anglican sense of belonging to the Church universal and are thus a valuable contribution to the faith and witness of the Church far beyond the Anglican Communion.
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Shea, C. Michael. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802563.003.0009.
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The conclusion reassesses the early impact of Newman’s theory of development. Contrary to studies of the last several decades, Newman’s theory was not marginal to nineteenth-century Roman Catholic thought; it played a role in the Church’s attempts to come to terms with history as a field of theological inquiry. The conclusion also offers an account of doctrinal development’s subsequent fall into obscurity. As Newman’s theory reached the pinnacle of influence in the decade after his conversion, a new movement in theology, Neoscholasticism, began to expand among Roman Catholics. Neoscholasticism was, in part, a reaction to political events that punctuated the nineteenth century, and the movement was less amenable than the Roman School to the idea of development. It was in large measure the rise of this movement, and the lack of sensitivity to these events in twentieth-century scholarship, which obscured the early significance of Newman’s theory.
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Rajadhyaksha, Ashish. 4. The new cinemas. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198723097.003.0004.
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In 1956, a decade after Independence, India divided its regional states along linguistic lines. This politically-loaded decision opened up fraught histories that went back well over a century. ‘The new cinemas’ describes the impact on the cinema industry. The cinema now found itself radicalized on a number of fronts, becoming the vanguard of a variety of challenges to the Indian state, seceding from the default nationalism of the Bombay-based ‘all-India film’. There were occasionally successful efforts to make peace between the state and the film industry. Key figures in the New Cinema movement were Mani Kaul, Shyam Benegal, and Adoor Gopalakrishnan.
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Ladwig, Patrice. Contemporary Lao Buddhism. Edited by Michael Jerryson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199362387.013.31.
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Lao Buddhism’s histories are deeply fragmented. Most Lao were deported to Siam in the nineteenth century, and after the demise of the French colonial regime, the country was drawn into the Second Indochina War. After two decades of brutal warfare and massive destructions, the Lao communist movement took power in 1975. This chapter examines the history of Lao Buddhism in the context of these events, and puts its main focus on the entanglement of religion and politics in the postcolonial phase, as the political polarization of the Lao sangha during the Cold War and the impact of the subsequent revolution remain crucial for understanding Buddhism’s position in the current Lao PDR. While under reformed socialism there has been a resurgence of Buddhism in the last two decades, the social and religious transformations resulting from rapid modernization through the capitalist economy and globalization bring new challenges for the Lao sangha.
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Devellennes, Charles. The Gilets Jaunes and the New Social Contract. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529212204.001.0001.
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This book provides a detailed account of the gilets jaunes, the yellow vest movement that has shaken France since 2018. The gilets jaunes are a group of French protesters named after their iconic yellow vests worn during their demonstrations, who have formed a new type of social movement. They have been variously interpreted since they began their occupation of French roundabouts: at first received with enthusiasm on the right of the French political establishment, and with caution on the left. They have provided a fundamental challenge to the social contract in France, the implicit pact between the governed and their political leaders. The book assesses what lessons can be drawn from their activities and the impact for the contemporary relationship between state and citizen. Informed by a dialogue with past political theorists — from Hobbes, Spinoza and Rousseau to Rawls, Nozick and Diderot — and reflecting on the challenges posed by the yellow vest movement, the book rethinks the concept of the social contract for contemporary societies around the world. It proposes a new relationship between the state and the individual, and establishes the necessity of rethinking the modern democratic nature of our representative polities in order to provide a genuine process for the healing of social ills.
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Stole, Inger L. Epilogue. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037122.003.0009.
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This concluding chapter discusses the impact of wartime events on advertising and consumer activism after World War II, and examines their reverse trajectories in the 1950s. With a few notable exceptions, it was not until the later 1960s that advertising came under new scrutiny by a nascent consumer movement. The key factor in the transformation of advertising’s image was the (War) Advertising Council’s tireless work on behalf of the advertising community. Displaying an excellent sense of timing and direction, the WAC coached and chastised individual advertisers, pleading for their compliance in what it believed to be a fantastic public relations opportunity. The war experience had shown that just as advertisers were capable of providing the keys to social success, they were equally adept at guiding the public through issues of political magnitude.
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Takim, Liyakat. The Twelver Shi‘is in America. Edited by Jane I. Smith and Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199862634.013.022.
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After the Prophet Muhammad died in 632 CE, the early Shiʿis claimed that ‘Ali, the Prophet’s cousin and son-in law, was his only legitimate successor. They also insisted that only the Prophet’s family members, the ahl al-bayt, were qualified to lead the Muslim community after him. When ‘Ali became the fourth Caliph of the Muslim community in 656 CE, Shiʿism emerged as a recognized religious movement in Islam. What sets Shiʿism apart from the majority Sunnis is the notion of the divinely inspired and charismatic leadership of the imams. This article focuses on Shiʿism in America by describing the four major Shiʿi groups: the Twelver Shiʿis, the Nizari Ismaʿilis, the Bohra Ismaʿilis, and the Zaydis. It examines the ethnic factor in American Shiʿism, nationalism and American Shiʿism, women and American Shiʿism, religious leadership in the Shiʿi community, and outreach programs by Shiʿi centers. It also looks at the Universal Muslim Association of America, the conversion of African Americans to Shiʿism, the impact of 9/11 on the American Shiʿi community, and political awareness among American Muslims.
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Cole, Lindsey M. In the Aftermath of Ferguson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190658113.003.0006.
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This chapter examines the impact of police on juror perceptions and decision-making, both before and after Ferguson. It first reviews the existing literature describing the role of police in court, including police as witnesses and the effect of police and court legitimacy on jurors and jury deliberation. Next, it describes the events in Ferguson and the resulting national attention and rise of social movements and then discusses the effects of Ferguson and social media coverage on changing public attitudes toward and perceived legitimacy of the police. The chapter also explores how common police practices, such as testilying and the blue wall of silence, might further impact juror trust in police and legal institutions in the aftermath of Ferguson. The chapter closes with several policy recommendations and future research directions to address Ferguson’s impact on the courts and juries.
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Archer, Richard. Repealing the Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676643.003.0009.
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The successful attempt to remove the prohibition against mixed marriages in Massachusetts (such a law continued to exist in Maine where it wasn't enforced and in Rhode Island until the 1880s) did not occur in isolation from the larger movement for equal rights. Advocating the end of the ban, however, was tricky for politicians and reformers in general (particularly women), because they would be charged with promoting “amalgamation,” but nonetheless year after year the demand to change the law grew. Petitions kept the issue alive in the legislature, The Liberator had called for repeal since its second issue, and eventually good sense prevailed in part because the cause was just but also because so many politicians believed it to be only a symbolic issue. In 1843 the Massachusetts legislature voted for repeal of the marriage restriction and against the desegregation of the railroads-an issue with immediate impact.
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de la Torre, Carlos. Populism in Latin America. Edited by Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser, Paul Taggart, Paulina Ochoa Espejo, and Pierre Ostiguy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198803560.013.8.
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Since the 1930s and 1940s until the present, populist leaders have dominated Latin America’s political landscapes. This chapter explains the commonalities and differences between the different subtypes of Latin American populism—classical, neoliberal, and radical. It examines why these different manifestations of populism emerged, and their democratizing and inclusionary promises while seeking power. Then it analyzes their impact on democracy after gaining office. Whereas populists seeking power promise to include the excluded, once in power populists attacked the institutions of liberal democracy, grabbed power, aimed to control social movements and civil society, and clashed with the privately owned media.
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Martins, Pedro. Messiânicos & bandoleiros: Identidade, memória e apropriação da terra em um grupo remanescente do Contestado. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-031-1.
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This book presents different approaches of research and participant observation in a rural ethnic group which remained after the "Contestado Movement" (Contestado War). The group is currently settled in the Itajai Valley region (in the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil). The text discusses the process of systematic observation which took place over more than 30 years of contact with the group. The focus in on how this group was formed before the Contestado War, in order to provide a plausible narrative about its path and history over the span of roughly 150 years. As a connecting thread, the narrative follows the already published theory that one could distinguish two segments with different characteristics within the Contestado's rebel population. In the first segment were the devouts of Saint Joao Maria, here referred to as "messianics" (messianicos). The second segment consisted of many human types willing to fight for survival and for different religious beliefs in a state of war. This second group is referred to in the literature as "bandits" (bandoleiros). Besides that, after the war, rebel caboclos (messianicos and bandoleiros) and cablocos who supported the Brazilian government's repression (vaqueanos) continued coexisting in different ways. These characteristics still currently impact the group and intrigue the observers.
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Chapman, Mark. Political Transformations. Edited by Joel D. S. Rasmussen, Judith Wolfe, and Johannes Zachhuber. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198718406.013.3.
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Beginning with the French Revolution and the Enlightenment and their effects on the political life and systems of Europe, this chapter discusses the broader impact of the collapse of the political systems in Germany, the modernization of the regimes, as well as the attempts at restoration after the defeat of Napoleon. The author examines conservative and neo-confessional movements, as well as the increasing secularization of societies in Western Europe. Following the increasing success of nationalism in the Austrian, Russian, and Turkish Empires and in the Italian peninsula, the chapter traces its impact on the development of ultramontanism. Responses by Christian thinkers to political transformations are grouped under the three headings of accommodation, reaction, and escape. The chapter concludes by suggesting that the growing autonomy of both the political and ecclesial systems provided the background for the increasing irrelevance of the churches in the twentieth century.
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Johnson, Kevin B. Fascinations for the Nation. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037689.003.0006.
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This chapter examines the delayed but still strong and lasting impression that Pearl White left on Czechoslovakia's critics, viewers, and avant-garde movement. Drawing on a series of articles in Czech periodicals from the late 1910s to the 1930s, it considers the issues presented by White and the American serial films regarding the international market, the need to come to terms with Hollywood's global reach, and the impact of glocalized Americana for local production. The chapter first looks at the sudden influx of American films in Czechoslovakia after World War I before discussing how America was perceived as a model of democracy and cultural modernity in the early years of the First Czechoslovak Republic. It then explores how White fueled the fantasies of the Czech populace as well as the ways that she was appropriated and re-imagined in the service of various discourses that spoke for the mental and physical well-being of the nation. It also analyzes White's Czech career within the context of larger issues related to spectatorship, film aesthetics, and the creation of star mythology.
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Barandiaran, Xabier, and Javier Lezaun. The Mondragón Experience. Edited by Jonathan Michie, Joseph R. Blasi, and Carlo Borzaga. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684977.013.19.
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The town of Mondragón in the Basque Country is home to one of the largest and most significant experiences of co-operative organization and workers’ self-management anywhere in the world. The Mondragón co-operative movement, born in the 1950s around the local technical training college and a handful of small industrial firms, encompasses today more than one hundred co-operative firms operating in ninety-seven countries and generating an aggregate revenue of €12bn. In this chapter we review the historical origins of the Mondragón experience and the goals that guided the first co-operative projects. After describing the key organizational principles and governance mechanisms of individual co-operatives and of the Mondragón group as a whole, we will examine the rapid expansion and internationalization of some of the most emblematic Mondragón firms—a process that has led to a difficult balance between the maintenance of the original co-operative principles at home and an increasing reliance on capitalist forms of ownership and production abroad. We conclude by discussing the impact of the recent economic downturn on the Mondragón group and its system of inter-co-operative solidarity, and by reflecting on the future prospects for this far-reaching experiment in collective ownership and democratic governance.
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Long, John L. Introduced Mammals of the World. CSIRO Publishing, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643090156.
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Winner in the Scholarly Reference section of the 2004 Australian Awards for Excellence in Educational Publishing.
Introduced Mammals of the World provides a concise and extensive source of information on the range of introductions of mammals conducted by humans, and an indication as to which have resulted in adverse outcomes. It provides a very valuable tool by which scientists can assess future potential introductions (or re-introductions) to avoid costly mistakes. It also provides tangible proof of the need for political decision makers to consider good advice and make wise and cautious decisions. Introduced Mammals of the World also provides a comprehensive reference to students of ecological systems management and biological conservation.
This book is a companion volume to Introduced Birds of the World, by the same author, published in 1981, and which remains the premier text of its kind in the world more than twenty years after it was published. Introduced Mammals of the World provides the most comprehensive account of the movement of mammals around the world providing details on the date(s) of introduction, the person/agency responsible, the source populations, the location(s) of release, the fate of the introductions, and the impact if known, for over 300 species of mammal.
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White, Eryn. Protestant Dissent in Wales. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198702245.003.0009.
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Wales was once perceived as a ‘nation of Nonconformists’, but immediately after the Glorious Revolution, Dissenters represented a tiny minority of the Welsh population. One of the roots of later Dissenting success can be found in the disproportionate contribution that Welsh Dissenters made to Welsh-language print culture in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. In addition, the growth of a ‘circulating’ school system helped spread literacy (and the Word) to the younger generation. Although begun by Griffith Jones, rector of Llanddowror, the episcopal hierarchy remained sceptical of movements that crossed parish boundaries. This was also true of Methodism. The impact of revival in Wales was considerable. Initially, much of the support was derived from Methodists, although Calvinistic Methodism was initially much stronger than Wesleyan Methodism in the country—it was only in the early nineteenth century that Wesleyan Methodism began to enjoy more success.
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Kitchener, Martin, and Richard Thomas. The Critical Health Care Management Domain. Edited by Ewan Ferlie, Kathleen Montgomery, and Anne Reff Pedersen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198705109.013.6.
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While the application of critical approaches has helped to reduce the conservatism and improve the relevance of scholarship in areas of health care studies including those concerned with social movements and the body, the impact of critical work has been less marked in health care management studies. After discussing the causes and implications of this phenomenon, this chapter extends the work of Burawoy (2004) and Delbridge (2010) to develop an articulation of Critical Health Care Management Studies (CHMS) as a necessary and distinctive domain of scholarship. We then review progress in developing CHMS in terms of the four main concerns of critical management enquiry: (a) questioning the taken-for-granted, (b) moving beyond instrumentalism and assumptions of performativity, (c) a concern for reflexivity and meanings in research, and (d) challenging structures of domination. We conclude by discussing barriers to progress and presenting an agenda for the development of the CHMS domain.
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Birdwhistell, Terry L., and Deirdre A. Scaggs. Our Rightful Place. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813179377.001.0001.
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Since women first entered the University of Kentucky (UK) in 1880 they have sought, demanded, and struggled for equality within the university. The period between 1880 and 1945 at UK witnessed women’s suffrage, two world wars, and an economic depression. It was during this time that women at UK worked to take their rightful place in the university’s life prior to the modern women’s movement of the 1960s and beyond. The history of women at UK is not about women triumphant, and it remains an untidy story. After pushing for admission into a male-centric campus environment, women created women’s spaces, women’s organizations, and a women’s culture often patterned on those of men. At times, it seemed that a goal was to create a woman’s college within the larger university. However, coeducation meant that women, by necessity, competed with men academically while still navigating the evolving social norms of relationships between the sexes. Both of those paths created opportunities, challenges, and problems for women students and faculty. By taking a more women-centric view of the campus, this study shows more clearly the impact that women had over time on the culture and environment. It also allows a comparison, and perhaps a contrast, of the experiences of UK women with other public universities across the United States.
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Norton, Barley. Music and Censorship in Vietnam since 1954. Edited by Patricia Hall. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199733163.013.29.
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This chapter traces the history of music censorship in Vietnam since 1954 with reference to a broad range of music genres. It discusses music censorship from 1954 to 1975, when Vietnam was divided into North and South. The tight ideological control established by the Vietnamese Communist Party in the North is compared with music movements linked to antiwar protests in the South. The chapter then examines the period of severe censorship following the end of the Vietnamese-American war in 1975 and considers how the cultural climate changed in the reform era after 1986. It highlights the limits of cultural freedom in the reform era and discusses how music censorship has become intertwined with concerns about the effects of globalization on morality and national identity. Finally, the chapter addresses the impact of technology since the late 1990s, paying particular attention to Vietnamese rap and the potential for musicians to use the Internet to bypass conventional systems of state censorship.
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Gill, Steven J., and Michael H. Nathanson. Central nervous system pathologies and anaesthesia. Edited by Philip M. Hopkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0081.
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Anaesthesia induces changes in many organ systems within the body, though clearly none more so than the central nervous system. The physiology of the normal central nervous system is complex and the addition of chronic pathology and polypharmacy creates a significant challenge for the anaesthetist. This chapter demonstrates a common approach for the anaesthetist and specific considerations for a wide range of neurological conditions. Detailed preoperative assessment is essential to gain understanding of the current symptomatology and neurological deficit, including at times restrictions on movement and position. Some conditions may pose challenges relating to communication, capacity, and consent. As part of the consent process, patients may worry that an anaesthetic may aggravate or worsen their neurological disease. There is little evidence to support this understandable concern; however, the risks and benefits must be considered on an individual patient basis. The conduct of anaesthesia may involve a preference for general or regional anaesthesia and requires careful consideration of the pharmacological and physiological impact on the patient and their disease. Interactions between regular medications and anaesthetic drugs are common. Chronically denervated muscle may induce hyperkalaemia after administration of succinylcholine. Other patients may have an altered response to non-depolarizing agents, such as those suffering from myasthenia gravis. The most common neurological condition encountered is epilepsy. This requires consideration of the patient’s antiepileptic drugs, often relating to hepatic enzyme induction or less commonly inhibition and competition for protein binding, and the effect of the anaesthetic technique and drugs on the patient’s seizure risk. Postoperative care may need to take place in a high dependency unit, especially in those with limited preoperative reserve or markers of frailty, and where the gastrointestinal tract has been compromised, alternative routes of drug delivery need to be considered. Overall, patients with chronic neurological conditions require careful assessment and preparation, a considered technique with attention to detail, and often higher levels of care during their immediate postoperative period.
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Hardiman, David. The Nonviolent Struggle for Indian Freedom, 1905-19. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190920678.001.0001.
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Much of the recent surge in writing about the practice of nonviolent forms of resistance has focused on movements that occurred after the end of the Second World War, many of which have been extremely successful. Although the fact that such a method of civil resistance was developed in its modern form by Indians is acknowledged in this writing, there has not until now been an authoritative history of the role of Indians in the evolution of the phenomenon.The book argues that while nonviolence is associated above all with the towering figure of Mahatma Gandhi, 'passive resistance' was already being practiced as a form of civil protest by nationalists in British-ruled India, though there was no principled commitment to nonviolence as such. The emphasis was on efficacy, rather than the ethics of such protest. It was Gandhi, first in South Africa and then in India, who evolved a technique that he called 'satyagraha'. He envisaged this as primarily a moral stance, though it had a highly practical impact. From 1915 onwards, he sought to root his practice in terms of the concept of ahimsa, a Sanskrit term that he translated as ‘nonviolence’. His endeavors saw 'nonviolence' forged as both a new word in the English language, and as a new political concept. This book conveys in vivid detail exactly what such nonviolence entailed, and the formidable difficulties that the pioneers of such resistance encountered in the years 1905-19.
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Rublack, Ulinka, ed. The Oxford Handbook of the Protestant Reformations. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199646920.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of the Protestant Reformations covers the “long Reformation” period from ca.1400 to 1750 in its European and global dimensions. Thirty-eight contributors offer cutting-edge research. This is the most comprehensive handbook of Protestant Reformations ever published to investigate the beliefs, practices, and institutions which followed medieval reform movements and Martin Luther’s Reformation in Germany. The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries provide a particular focus as the central time for the initial developments of faiths which began to be called “Protestant.” Contributors explore the Protestant Reformations in relation to the Catholic Renewal before and after Trent and repeatedly point to areas of convergence among Protestants and Catholics. The handbook highlights the significance of cultural—historical approaches and the history of emotions to understand confessional identities. It also thoroughly engages with revisions of Max Weber's influential arguments about the impact of Protestantism on attitudes toward work, capital accumulation, and rational lifestyles. The handbook emphasizes the importance of radical traditions, especially from a global perspective. Previous handbook literature omits global Protestantism, and the influential confessionalization paradigm was entirely European-based. The point of incorporating global dimensions is that it demonstrates the vitality of varied traditions, which confronted very different institutional milieux, could significantly challenge political and cultural ideas of mainstream European faiths, and in turn reshape European Protestantisms. The handbook thus aims to be an indispensable guide to reshaping future discussions in the field, to recover the early history of Protestantism as part of our account about a history of the world.
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Oberlin, Kathleen C. Creating the Creation Museum. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479881642.001.0001.
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The typical story about creationist social movements centers on battles in the classroom or in the courtroom—like the Scopes Trial in 1925. But there is a new setting: a museum. “Prepare to Believe” is the slogan that greets visitors throughout the Creation Museum located in Petersburg, Kentucky. It carries the message that the organization Answers in Genesis (AiG) uses to welcome fellow believers as well as skeptics since opening in 2007. The Creation Museum seeks to persuade visitors that if one views both the Bible (a close, literal reading) and nature (observational, real world data) as sources of authority, then the earth appears to be much younger than conventionally understood in mainstream society. This book argues that the impact of the Creation Museum does not depend on the accuracy or credibility of its scientific claims, as many scholars, media critics, and political pundits would suggest. Instead, what AiG goes after by creating a physical site like the Creation Museum is the ability to foster plausibility politics—broadening what the audience perceives as possible and amplifying the stakes as the ideas reach more people. Destabilizing the belief that only one type of secular institution may make claims about the age of the earth and human origins, the Creation Museum is a threat to this singular positioning. In doing so, AiG repositions itself to produce longstanding effects on the public’s perception of who may make scientific claims. Creating the Creation Museum is a story about how a group endures.
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Minow, Martha. In Brown's Wake. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195171525.001.0001.
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What is the legacy of Brown vs. Board of Education? While it is well known for establishing racial equality as a central commitment of American schools, the case also inspired social movements for equality in education across all lines of difference, including language, gender, disability, immigration status, socio-economic status, religion, and sexual orientation. Yet more than a half century after Brown, American schools are more racially separated than before, and educators, parents and policy makers still debate whether the ruling requires all-inclusive classrooms in terms of race, gender, disability, and other differences. In Brown's Wake examines the reverberations of Brown in American schools, including efforts to promote equal opportunities for all kinds of students. School choice, once a strategy for avoiding Brown, has emerged as a tool to promote integration and opportunities, even as charter schools and private school voucher programs enable new forms of self-separation by language, gender, disability, and ethnicity. Martha Minow, Dean of Harvard Law School, argues that the criteria placed on such initiatives carry serious consequences for both the character of American education and civil society itself. Although the original promise of Brown remains more symbolic than effective, Minow demonstrates the power of its vision in the struggles for equal education regardless of students' social identity, not only in the United States but also in many countries around the world. Further, she urges renewed commitment to the project of social integration even while acknowledging the complex obstacles that must be overcome. An elegant and concise overview of Brown and its aftermath, In Brown's Wake explores the broad-ranging and often surprising impact of one of the century's most important Supreme Court decisions.
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Koesel, Karrie, Valerie Bunce, and Jessica Weiss, eds. Citizens and the State in Authoritarian Regimes. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190093488.001.0001.
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This volume compares the two most powerful authoritarian states in global politics today: Russia and China. For all their power and money, both regimes have faced difficult trade-offs in seeking both political stability and reliable information about society while confronting the West and its international influence. They have also made different choices: Russia today is a competitive authoritarian regime, while China is a non-competitive authoritarian regime. Despite the different paths taken after the tumultuous events of 1989, both regimes have returned to a more personalized form of authoritarian rule. By placing China and Russia side by side, this volume examines regime-society relations and produces new insights, including what strategies their rulers have used to stay in power while forging political stability and gathering information; how societal groups have resisted, complied with, or responded to these strategies; and what costs and benefits, both anticipated and unexpected, have accompanied the bargains political leaders and their societies have struck. The essays in this volume change the way we understand authoritarian politics and expand the terrain of how we analyze regime-society relations in authoritarian states. On the societal side, this book looks not just at society as a whole but also at the specific roles of public opinion, labor politics, political socialization, political protests, media politics, environmental movements, and nongovernmental organizations. On the regime side, this study is distinctive in examining not just domestic threats and the general strategies rulers deploy in order to manage them but also international threats and the rationale behind and impact of new laws and new policies, both domestic and international.