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Journal articles on the topic 'Afterpulsing effect'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Lai, Yuanfan, Zongyao Shen, Yong Chen, Jindong Wang, Jianping Guo, and Zhengjun Wei. "The Impact of Afterpulsing Effects in Single-Photon Detectors on the Performance Metrics of Single-Photon Detection Systems." Photonics 11, no. 11 (2024): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11111074.

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A single-photon detection system based on InGaAs SPADs is a high-precision optical measurement system capable of detecting quantum-level optical signals. However, the afterpulsing effect when using InGaAs SPADs severely limits their practical utility. The impact of afterpulsing effects on the performance of systems based on this type of detector can no longer be ignored. Therefore, this paper provides a detailed analysis of the measurement errors induced by afterpulsing effects and proposes a correction method based on a power-law model. This method analyzes the probability distribution of aft

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2

Wang, Fang-Xiang, Wei Chen, Ya-Ping Li, et al. "Non-Markovian Property of Afterpulsing Effect in Single-Photon Avalanche Detector." Journal of Lightwave Technology 34, no. 15 (2016): 3610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2016.2577141.

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3

Ishii, Kunihiko, and Tahei Tahara. "Correction of the afterpulsing effect in fluorescence correlation spectroscopy using time symmetry analysis." Optics Express 23, no. 25 (2015): 32387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.23.032387.

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4

Yen, H. T., S. D. Lin, and C. M. Tsai. "A simple method to characterize the afterpulsing effect in single photon avalanche photodiode." Journal of Applied Physics 104, no. 5 (2008): 054504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2968434.

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5

Yu, Chao, Tianyi Li, Xian-Song Zhao, et al. "Free-running 4H-SiC single-photon detector with ultralow afterpulse probability at 266 nm." Review of Scientific Instruments 94, no. 3 (2023): 033101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0137823.

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Ultraviolet single-photon detector (UVSPD) provides a key tool for applications requiring ultraweak light detection in the wavelength band. Here, we report a 4H-SiC single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) based free-running UVSPD with ultralow afterpulse probability. We design and fabricate the 4H-SiC SPAD with a beveled mesa structure, which exhibits the characteristic of ultralow dark current. We further develop a readout circuit of passive quenching and active reset with a tunable hold-off time setting to considerably suppress the afterpulsing effect. The nonuniformity of photon detection effi

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6

Liu, Danlu, Ming Li, Tang Xu, Jie Dong, Yuming Fang, and Yue Xu. "Study of the influence of virtual guard ring width on the performance of SPAD detectors in 180 nm standard CMOS technology." Journal of Semiconductors 44, no. 11 (2023): 114102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/44/11/114102.

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Abstract The influence of the virtual guard ring width (GRW) on the performance of the p-well/deep n-well single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) in a 180 nm standard CMOS process was investigated. TCAD simulation demonstrates that the electric field strength and current density in the guard ring are obviously enhanced when GRW is decreased to 1 μm. It is experimentally found that, compared with an SPAD with GRW = 2 μm, the dark count rate (DCR) and afterpulsing probability (AP) of the SPAD with GRW = 1 μm is significantly increased by 2.7 times and twofold, respectively, meanwhile, its photon de

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7

Kiyomoto, Takuto, Tsutomu Nagayoshi, Shunsuke Sakurai, et al. "Competition between increasing and decreasing effects of the afterpulsing rate of PMTs during night-sky observations." Journal of Instrumentation 20, no. 06 (2025): C06005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/20/06/c06005.

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Abstract Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) have been widely used in imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs). The Large-Sized Telescopes (LSTs) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO), the latest-generation IACTs, are optimized for challenging observations of low-energy gamma rays, specifically in the 20 to 150 GeV range. To this end, PMTs with an exceptionally low afterpulsing rate have been developed and installed. However, the afterpulsing rate increases over time due to the infiltration of atmospheric molecules, particularly helium, into the tube. Interestingly, we found tha

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8

Liu, Junliang, Yining Xu, Zheng Wang, et al. "Reducing Afterpulsing in InGaAs(P) Single-Photon Detectors with Hybrid Quenching." Sensors 20, no. 16 (2020): 4384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164384.

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High detection efficiency appears to be associated with a high afterpulse probability for InP-based single-photon avalanche diodes. In this paper, we present a new hybrid quenching technique that combines the advantages of both fast active quenching and high-frequency gated-passive quenching, with the aim of suppressing higher-order afterpulsing effects. Our results showed that the hybrid quenching method contributed to a 10% to 85% reduction of afterpulses with a gate-free detection efficiency of 4% to 10% at 1.06 μm, with 40 ns dead time, compared with the counter-based hold-off method. With

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9

Wang, Chen, Jingyuan Wang, Zhiyong Xu, et al. "Afterpulsing effects in SPAD-based photon-counting communication system." Optics Communications 443 (July 2019): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2019.03.039.

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10

Xudong Jiang, M. A. Itzler, R. Ben-Michael, et al. "Afterpulsing Effects in Free-Running InGaAsP Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 44, no. 1 (2008): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jqe.2007.906996.

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11

Bronzi, Danilo, Simone Tisa, Federica Villa, Simone Bellisai, Alberto Tosi, and Franco Zappa. "Fast Sensing and Quenching of CMOS SPADs for Minimal Afterpulsing Effects." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 25, no. 8 (2013): 776–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2013.2251621.

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12

Enne, R., B. Steindl, M. Hofbauer, and H. Zimmermann. "Fast Cascoded Quenching Circuit for Decreasing Afterpulsing Effects in 0.35- $\mu$ m CMOS." IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters 1, no. 3 (2018): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lssc.2018.2827881.

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13

Wang, Zeyun, Yiping Zhang, Hanqin Gu, Chao Han, Liang Yin, and Yan Liang. "Time-Resolved Calibration of Photon Detection Efficiency and Afterpulse Probability in 100 MHz Gated InGaAs/InP Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes." Photonics 12, no. 6 (2025): 534. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12060534.

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InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are widely used in applications such as quantum information, deep-space communication, and LiDAR. However, the existence of afterpulsing effects leads to inaccuracies in the calibration of their performance, particularly in terms of photon detection efficiency (PDE). In this paper, we employ the capacitance-balancing method to achieve a 100 MHz gated InGaAs/InP SPAD and propose a time-correlated calibration method to measure its performance. The distribution of the afterpulse counts over time is predicted, enabling a valid distinction between p

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14

Kirdoda, Jaroslaw, Muhammad Mirza, Charlie Smith, et al. "(Invited) Pseudo-Planar Ge-on-Si Avalanche Photodiodes in Geiger and Linear Modes for Short-Wave Infrared Detection." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 32 (2024): 2330. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02322330mtgabs.

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Single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are a key underpinning technology to many existing and emerging applications, including LIDAR for 3D imaging as well as quantum imaging, quantum encryption and quantum information applications. There is a growing demand for low-cost LIDAR systems for autonomous vehicles, particularly in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectral range, which enables long-range measurements whilst complying with eye-safety regulations and offers enhanced transmission through atmospheric obscurants like smoke and haze compared to systems operating in the near-infrared. Further

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15

年, 虎., Yafeng Nie, Chun-Mei Zhang, and Liangliang Lu. "Analysis of one-decoy state SARG04 quantum cryptography protocol in the presence of afterpulse effect." Communications in Theoretical Physics, March 29, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1572-9494/ad3905.

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Abstract The SARG04 quantum key distribution protocol can offer enhanced resilience to photon number splitting as contrasted with the BB84 protocol. In this paper, we propose a tight key analysis for the SARG04 protocol, considering the one-decoy method and investigating its performance under the influence of detector afterpulse. Our results reveal that increasing the block size can marginally boost both the secure key rate and the maximum achievable transmission distance. Importantly, we highlight that detector afterpulse is a pivotal element in practical implementation. Our analysis reveals

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16

Zhao, Xian-Song, Chao Yu, Chong Wang, et al. "Differential absorption ozone Lidar with 4H-SiC single-photon detectors." Applied Physics Letters 125, no. 21 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0232210.

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Differential absorption Lidar (DIAL) in the ultraviolet (UV) region is an effective approach for monitoring tropospheric ozone. 4H-SiC single-photon detectors (SPDs) are emergent devices for UV single-photon detection. Here, we demonstrate a 4H-SiC SPD-based ozone DIAL. We design and fabricate the 4H-SiC single-photon avalanche diode with a beveled mesa structure and optimized layer thickness. An active quenching circuit with a quenching time of 1.03 ns is developed to significantly mitigate the afterpulsing effect while enhancing the maximum count rate. After characterization, the SPD exhibit

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17

DSouza, Ian, Jean-Philippe Bourgoin, Brendon L. Higgins, et al. "Repeated radiation damage and thermal annealing of avalanche photodiodes." EPJ Quantum Technology 8, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjqt/s40507-021-00103-0.

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AbstractAvalanche photodiodes (APDs) are well-suited for single-photon detection on quantum communication satellites as they are a mature technology with high detection efficiency without requiring cryogenic cooling. They are, however, prone to significantly increased thermal noise caused by in-orbit radiation damage. Previous work demonstrated that a one-time application of thermal annealing reduces radiation-damage-induced APD thermal noise. Here we examine the effect of cyclical proton irradiation and thermal annealing. We use an accelerated testing environment which emulates a realistic tw

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18

Sparrenberg, Lorenz T., Benjamin Greiner, and Harald P. Mathis. "The Mean Single Molecule Rate (mSMR) in the Analysis of Fluorescence Fluctuations: Measurements on DNA Mixtures of Defined Composition." Journal of Fluorescence, September 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10895-021-02803-3.

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AbstractWe present a method for the evaluation of fluorescence fluctuations on the basis of Mandel’s Q parameter, using sampling time-dependent factorial cumulants. By relating the Q parameter to the sampling time, we obtain the mean single molecule rate (mSMR), an easy to interpret expression that provides both brightness and diffusion information. The model is suitable for the widely used confocal setups with single photon excitation and a single detection channel. We present a way to correct the mSMR for afterpulsing, dead time and background noise. To account for photokinetic effects at sh

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19

Sparrenberg, Lorenz, Benjamin Greiner, and Harald Mathis. "The mean single molecule rate (mSMR) in the analysis of fluorescence fluctuations: measurements on DNA mixtures of defined composition." July 30, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5148018.

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Abstract: We present a method for the evaluation of fluorescence fluctuations on the basis of Mandel's Q parameter, using sampling time-dependent factorial cumulants. By relating the Q parameter to the sampling time, we obtain the mean single molecule rate (mSMR), an easy to interpret expression that provides both brightness and diffusion information. The model is suitable for the widely used confocal setups with single photon excitation and a single detection channel. We present a way to correct the mSMR for afterpulsing, dead time and background noise. To account for photokinetic effects

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20

Sultana, Nigar, Jean-Philippe Bourgoin, Katanya B. Kuntz, and Thomas Jennewein. "A versatile photon counting system with active afterpulse suppression for free-running negative-feedback avalanche diodes." Review of Scientific Instruments 95, no. 4 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0145196.

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InGaAs/InP-based negative-feedback avalanche diodes (NFADs) have been demonstrated to be an excellent option for photon detection at telecom wavelengths in quantum communication applications, where photon arrival times are random. However, it is well-known that the operation of NFADs at low temperatures (193 K or below) is crucial to minimize the effects of afterpulsing and high dark count rates (DCRs). In this work, we present a new versatile readout electronics system with active afterpulse suppression that also offers flexible cooling options. Through the characterization of two NFAD detect

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21

Adhikari, P., R. Ajaj, M. Alpízar-Venegas, et al. "Pulse-shape discrimination against low-energy Ar-39 beta decays in liquid argon with 4.5 tonne-years of DEAP-3600 data." European Physical Journal C 81, no. 9 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09514-w.

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AbstractThe DEAP-3600 detector searches for the scintillation signal from dark matter particles scattering on a 3.3 tonne liquid argon target. The largest background comes from $$^{39}\text{ Ar }$$ 39 Ar beta decays and is suppressed using pulse-shape discrimination (PSD). We use two types of PSD estimator: the prompt-fraction, which considers the fraction of the scintillation signal in a narrow and a wide time window around the event peak, and the log-likelihood-ratio, which compares the observed photon arrival times to a signal and a background model. We furthermore use two algorithms to det

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