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1

Bindi, Luca, and Frank N. Keutsch. "Old defined minerals with complex, still unresolved structures: the case of stützite, Ag5−x Te3." Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials 233, no. 3-4 (2018): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zkri-2017-2120.

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AbstractThe crystal structure of the mineral stützite, a relatively common silver telluride, was solved using intensity data collected using a crystal from the cotype material from the May Day mine, La Plata District, CO (USA). The study revealed that the structure is hexagonal, space groupP6̅, with cell parameters:a=13.454(2),c=8.459(1) Å andV=1326.0(5) Å3. The refinement of an anisotropic model led to anRindex of 0.0421 for 1950 independent reflections. In the crystal structure of stützite there are eight independent Te sites and eight Ag sites withZ=7. Only Ag5, Ag6, Ag7 and Ag8 form classic metal-anion polyhedra: Ag8 is in linear coordination, Ag5 and Ag6 are triangularly coordinated, whereas Ag7 is in tetrahedral coordination. The case for Ag1, Ag2, Ag3 and Ag4 is more complicated as there are Ag–Ag contacts beside the typical bonds with the chalcogen. These positions correspond to low coordination (two, three and four) sites, in agreement with the silver preference for such environments.d10silver ion distribution has been evidenced by means of a combination of a Gram-Charlier development of the atomic displacement factors and a split model. A discussion on the possible existence of different polytypes in stützite-like compounds and on the use of the non-harmonic approach based upon a Gram-Charlier development of the atomic displacement factors for the determination of disordered structures is also presented.
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2

Wu, Hua, Xiao-Li Lü, Bo Lü, Chang-Xun Dong, and Mei-Sheng Wu. "A novel three-dimensional AgIcoordination polymer based on mixed naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate and aminoacetate ligands." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 69, no. 8 (2013): 876–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270113019550.

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The three-dimensional coordination polymer poly[[bis(μ3-2-aminoacetato)di-μ-aqua-μ3-(naphthalene-1,5-disulfonato)-hexasilver(I)] dihydrate], {[Ag6(C10H6O6S2)(C2H4NO2)4(H2O)2]·2H2O}n, based on mixed naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate (L1) and 2-aminoacetate (L2) ligands, contains two AgIcentres (Ag1 and Ag4) in general positions, and another two (Ag2 and Ag3) on inversion centres. Ag1 is five-coordinated by three O atoms from oneL1 anion, oneL2 anion and one water molecule, one N atom from oneL2 anion and one AgIcation in a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal coordination geometry. Ag2 is surrounded by four O atoms from twoL2 anions and two water molecules, and two AgIcations in a slightly octahedral coordination geometry. Ag3 is four-coordinated by two O atoms from twoL2 anions and two AgIcations in a slightly distorted square geometry, while Ag4 is also four-coordinated by two O atoms from oneL1 and oneL2 ligand, one N atom from anotherL2 anion, and one AgIcation, exhibiting a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry. In the crystal structure, there are two one-dimensional chains nearly perpendicular to one another (interchain angle = 87.0°). The chains are connected by water molecules to give a two-dimensional layer, and the layers are further bridged byL1 anions to generate a novel three-dimensional framework. Moreover, hydrogen-bonding interactions consolidate the network.
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3

Bełka, Marta, and Małgorzata Mańka. "Characteristics and diversity of Rhizoctonia spp. population in soil of selected forest bare-root nurseries in Poland." Acta Mycologica 1, no. 1 (2014): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/am.2014.025.

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Fourty three <em>Rhizoctonia</em> isolates obtained from four forest nurseries situated in the Wielkopolska region (central-western Poland) has been proved as multinucleate (anamorph – <em>R. solani</em>). They represented four anastomosis groups (AG): AG1-IC, AG-5, AG4-HG2 and AG2-1. Three AGs were found in Jarocin nursery (AG-5, AG4-HG2 and AG2-1), two in Łopuchówko (AG-5 and AG4-HG2) and one in Konstantynowo (AG1-IC) and Pniewy (AG-5). All isolates were highly pathogenic to Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em>) seedlings and pose a large damping-off threat to the seedlings in the nurseries with single AG and in those where more AGs exists.
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4

Lermen, Richard Thomas, Márcio Baldissera Prauchner, Rodrigo de Almeida Silva, and Francieli Tiecher Bonsembiante. "Using Wastes from the Process of Blasting with Steel Shot to Make a Radiation Shield in Mortar." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (2020): 6674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166674.

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The waste generated from the process of steel shot blasting must be safely disposed of due to its classification, non-hazardous and non-inert, and, consequently, is sent to landfills. One of the possibilities for reusing this waste is in the cement materials industry. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of waste from steel shot blasting, thereby replacing natural sand, for the manufacture of cementitious material with properties that shield against ionizing radiation. Three forms of steel shot (commercial steel shot—AG1, intermediate steel shot waste—AG2, and steel shot dust—AG3) were used to replace natural sand in different proportions (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by volume). Compressive strength results were found with values above the minimum compressive strength (20 MPa) requirement of structural concrete. The results indicated that AG1, AG2, and AG3 can be used to attenuate X-ray radiation. Regarding the reference samples (mortar developed without natural sand replacement), an increase in X-ray shielding of 76.7%, 72.5%, and 59.3% was found for samples with AG1, AG2, and AG3, respectively. Therefore, the waste generated in the steel shot blasting process had the potential to be used in mortar developed to attenuate X-ray radiation.
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5

Geris, KL, B. de Groef, SP Rohrer, S. Geelissen, ER Kuhn, and VM Darras. "Identification of somatostatin receptors controlling growth hormone and thyrotropin secretion in the chicken using receptor subtype-specific agonists." Journal of Endocrinology 177, no. 2 (2003): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1770279.

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Somatostatin (SRIH) functions as an endocrine mediator in processes such as growth, immune resistance and reproduction. Five SRIH receptors (sstr1-5) have been identified in mammals, where they are expressed in both the brain and peripheral tIssues. To study the specific function of each receptor subtype, specific agonists (ag1-5) have been synthesized. The high degree of homology between mammalian and avian SRIH receptors suggests that these agonists might also be used in chickens. In this paper we describe two in vitro protocols (static incubation and perifusion system) to identify the SRIH receptors controlling the secretion of GH and TSH from the chicken pituitary. We found that basal GH or TSH secretion were never affected when SRIH or an agonist (1 microM) were added. SRIH diminished the GH as well as the TSH response to TSH-releasing hormone (TRH; 100 nM) in both systems. Our results have indicated that the SRIH actions at the level of the pituitary are regulated through specific receptor subtypes. In both the static and flow incubations, ag2 lowered the GH response to TRH, whereas stimulated TSH release was diminished by both ag2 and ag5. Ag3 and ag4 tended to increase rather than decrease the responsiveness of both pituitary cell types to TRH in perifusion studies. Our data have indicated that SRIH inhibits chicken pituitary function through sstr2 and sstr5. Only sstr2 seems to be involved in the control of chicken GH release, whereas both sstr2 and sstr5 inhibit induced GH secretion in mammals. The possible stimulatory action of ag3 and ag4 may point towards a species-specific function of sstr3 and sstr4.
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6

Blanco, Angel José Vieira, Marília Oliveira Costa, Roberto do Nascimento Silva, et al. "Diversity and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia Species from the Brazilian Cerrado." Plant Disease 102, no. 4 (2018): 773–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-17-0721-re.

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Eighty-one Rhizoctonia-like isolates were identified based on morphology and nuclei-staining methods from natural and agricultural soils of the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna). The nucleotide similarity analysis of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions identified 14 different taxa, with 39.5% of isolates assigned to Waitea circinata (zeae, oryzae, and circinata varieties), while 37.0% belonged to Thanatephorus cucumeris anastomosis groups (AGs) AG1-IB, AG1-ID, AG1-IE, AG4-HGI, and AG4-HGIII. Ceratobasidium spp. AG-A, AG-F, AG-Fa, AG-P, and AG-R comprised 23.5%. Rhizoctonia zeae (19.8%), R. solani AG1-IE (18.6%), and binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-A (8.6%) were the most frequent anamorphic states found. Root rot severity caused by the different taxa varied from low to high on common beans, and tended to be low to average in maize. Twenty-two isolates were pathogenic to both hosts, suggesting difficulties in managing Rhizoctonia root rots with crop rotation. These results suggest that cropping history affects the geographical arrangement of AGs, with a prevalence of AG1 in the tropical zone from central to north Brazil while the AG4 group was most prevalent from central to subtropical south. W. circinata var. zeae was predominant in soils under maize production. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of W. circinata var. circinata in Brazil.
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7

Mat Razali, Nurhani, Siti Norvahida Hisham, Ilakiya Sharanee Kumar, et al. "Comparative Genomics: Insights on the Pathogenicity and Lifestyle of Rhizoctonia solani." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (2021): 2183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042183.

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Proper management of agricultural disease is important to ensure sustainable food security. Staple food crops like rice, wheat, cereals, and other cash crops hold great export value for countries. Ensuring proper supply is critical; hence any biotic or abiotic factors contributing to the shortfall in yield of these crops should be alleviated. Rhizoctonia solani is a major biotic factor that results in yield losses in many agriculturally important crops. This paper focuses on genome informatics of our Malaysian Draft R. solani AG1-IA, and the comparative genomics (inter- and intra- AG) with four AGs including China AG1-IA (AG1-IA_KB317705.1), AG1-IB, AG3, and AG8. The genomic content of repeat elements, transposable elements (TEs), syntenic genomic blocks, functions of protein-coding genes as well as core orthologous genic information that underlies R. solani’s pathogenicity strategy were investigated. Our analyses show that all studied AGs have low content and varying profiles of TEs. All AGs were dominant for Class I TE, much like other basidiomycete pathogens. All AGs demonstrate dominance in Glycoside Hydrolase protein-coding gene assignments suggesting its importance in infiltration and infection of host. Our profiling also provides a basis for further investigation on lack of correlation observed between number of pathogenicity and enzyme-related genes with host range. Despite being grouped within the same AG with China AG1-IA, our Draft AG1-IA exhibits differences in terms of protein-coding gene proportions and classifications. This implies that strains from similar AG do not necessarily have to retain similar proportions and classification of TE but must have the necessary arsenal to enable successful infiltration and colonization of host. In a larger perspective, all the studied AGs essentially share core genes that are generally involved in adhesion, penetration, and host colonization. However, the different infiltration strategies will depend on the level of host resilience where this is clearly exhibited by the gene sets encoded for the process of infiltration, infection, and protection from host.
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8

Sako, Yasuhito, Minoru Nakao, Takashi Ikejima, Xian Zhi Piao, Kazuhiro Nakaya, and Akira Ito. "Molecular Characterization and Diagnostic Value ofTaenia solium Low-Molecular-Weight Antigen Genes." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 12 (2000): 4439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.12.4439-4444.2000.

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Neurocysticercosis (NCC) caused by infection with the larvae ofTaenia solium is an important cause of neurological disease worldwide. In order to establish an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for this infection using recombinant proteins, we carried out molecular cloning and identified four candidates as diagnostic antigens (designated Ag1, Ag1V1, Ag2, and Ag2V1). Except for Ag2V1, these clones could encode a 7-kDa polypeptide, and Ag2V1 could encode a 10-kDa polypeptide. All of the clones were very similar. Except for Ag2V1, recombinant proteins were successfully expressed using anEscherichia coli expression system. Immunoblot analysis of NCC patient sera detected recombinant proteins, but because reactivity to recombinant Ag1 was too weak, Ag1 was not suitable as an immunodiagnostic antigen. So, Ag1V1 and Ag2 were chosen as ELISA antigens, and the Ag1V1/Ag2 chimeric protein was expressed. Of 49 serum samples from NCC patients confirmed to be seropositive by immunoblot analysis, 44 (89.7%) were positive by ELISA. No assays of serum samples from patients with other parasitic infections recognized the Ag1V1/Ag2 chimeric protein. The Ag1V1/Ag2 chimeric protein obtained in this study had a high value for differential immunodiagnosis.
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9

SILVEIRA, SILVALDO F., and ACELINO C. ALFENAS. "Análise de proteínas e isoenzimas de isolados de Rhizoctonia spp. patogênicos a Eucalyptus." Fitopatologia Brasileira 27, no. 1 (2002): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-41582002000100005.

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Objetivou-se caracterizar isolados de Rhizoctonia solani AG1 e AG4 e isolados binucleados de Rhizoctonia spp. patogênicos a Eucalyptus, por meio de eletroforese de proteínas, em gel de poliacrilamida, e de isoenzimas (ACP, 6-PGDH, LAP, SOD, MDH e IDH), em gel de amido. Para comparação, incluíram-se alguns isolados brasileiros de outros hospedeiros e isolados-padrões de R. solani AG1, procedentes do Japão. Observaram-se diferenças nos padrões gerais de proteínas e nos fenótipos isoenzimáticos entre isolados binucleados e multinucleados e entre isolados de diferentes grupos e subgrupos de anastomose. Isolados de R. solani AG1, procedentes do Brasil e Japão, apresentaram baixa similaridade nos padrões de proteínas e de isoenzimas. Isolados brasileiros morfologicamente semelhantes a R. solani AG1-IB (microesclerodiais) apresentaram padrões de proteínas similares e um maior número de fenótipos isoenzimáticos idênticos entre si. Esta tendência foi independente do hospedeiro e da origem geográfica. Variações nos padrões de proteínas e de isoenzimas foram também observadas dentre isolados brasileiros de R. solani AG4. Discute-se o uso da eletroforese de proteínas e isoenzimas na caracterização de isolados de Rhizoctonia spp. e em estudos genéticos e filogenéticos de fungos deste gênero.
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10

Bao, Hua-Qiang, Ru-Bing Li, Hua-Dan Xing, Chuan Qu, Qiu Li, and Wei Qiu. "Crystalline Orientation Identification of Phosphorene Using Polarized Raman Spectroscopy without Analyzer." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (2019): 2198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112198.

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The unique photoelectric properties of phosphorene typically include anisotropy, hence the nondestructive and rapid identification of its crystal orientation is a key point to the investigation and application of phosphorene. Currently, the orientation identification by analyzing the Ag1 mode based on parallel-polarized Raman has severe requirements for the applicable Raman system. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a more general, convenient, and accurate method for determining the crystal orientation of phosphorene. In this paper, a method of orientation identification was proposed by using a Raman system without an analyzer and quantifying the correlation between the intensities of Ag1 and Ag2 modes with the change of the incident polarization direction. By using mechanically peeled phosphorene as specimens, Raman measurements were carried out under the Raman configurations of both parallel polarization and with no analyzer. The results show that the crystal orientation of phosphorene can be accurately identified by quantifying the Raman intensities of both Ag1 and Ag2 modes using the Raman system without an analyzer.
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11

Cooke, J. D., and S. H. Brown. "Movement-related phasic muscle activation. II. Generation and functional role of the triphasic pattern." Journal of Neurophysiology 63, no. 3 (1990): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1990.63.3.465.

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1. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of arm movements made at constant velocity was studied in humans. In these movements, acceleration was temporally separated from deceleration by a period of constant velocity (zero acceleration) lasting up to 600 ms. 2. Agonist (AG1) and antagonist (ANT1) bursts were associated with acceleration. AG1 began before acceleration onset. ANT1 started after the onset of AG1 and was often partially coextensive with AG1. The initial phasic activity was followed by tonic EMG activity during the constant-velocity phase of the movements. Movement deceleration was associated with an antagonist burst (ANT2) and an agonist (AG2) burst. 3. Subjects could alter the magnitudes of the acceleration- and deceleration-related activities independently, with resulting independent changes in the movement acceleration and deceleration. 4. When the duration of the constant-velocity phase was decreased, the agonist/antagonist burst pairs occurred progressively closer in time. When movement duration was decreased to the point at which the velocity profile resembled that of step-tracking movements, the four periods of phasic EMG activity formed the classic triphasic pattern. 5. Triphasic EMG patterns were occasionally seen at the beginning or end of long-duration, constant-velocity movements. When they occurred, these triphasic patterns were associated with an acceleration/deceleration pattern similar to that seen in step-tracking movements. 6. The data indicate that paired agonist/antagonist activation is the basic unit of movement control. The AG1/ANT1 burst pair determines the increase and decrease of acceleration, respectively, and the ANT2/AG2 burst pair the increase and decrease of deceleration. These muscle activation pairs can be combined as needed to produce movements having different temporal characteristics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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12

Jin, Guoxia, Yuqi Ji, Teng Wang, et al. "Syntheses and characterization of dinuclear and tetranuclear AgI supramolecular complexes generated from symmetric and asymmetric molecular clips containing oxadiazole rings." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 75, no. 10 (2019): 1327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229619011744.

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A new asymmetric ligand, 5-{3-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phenyl}-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (L5), which contains two oxadiazole rings, was synthesized and characterized. The assembly of symmetric 2,5-bis(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (L1) and asymmetric L5 with AgCO2CF3 in solution yielded two novel AgI complexes, namely catena-poly[[di-μ-trifluoroacetato-disilver(I)]-bis[μ-2,5-bis(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole]], [Ag2(C2F3O2)2(C12H8N4O)2] n or [Ag2(μ2-O2CCF3)2(L1)2] n (1), and bis(μ3-5-{3-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]phenyl}-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole)tetra-μ3-trifluoroacetato-tetrasilver(I) dichloromethane monosolvate, [Ag4(C2F3O2)4(C22H15N5O2)2]·CH2Cl2 or [Ag2(μ3-O2CCF3)2(L5)]2·CH2Cl2 (2). Complex 1 displays a one-dimensional ring–chain motif, where dinuclear Ag2(CF3CO2)2 units alternate with Ag2(L1)2 macrocycles. This structure is different from previously reported Ag–L1 complexes with different anions. Complex 2 features a tetranuclear supramolecular macrocycle, in which each ligand adopts a tridentate coordination mode with the oxadiazole ring next to the p-tolyl ring coordinated and that next to the pyridyl ring free. Two L5 ligands are bound to two Ag1 centres through two oxadiazole N and two pyridyl N atoms to form a macrocycle. The other two oxadiazole N atoms coordinate to the two Ag2 centres of the Ag2(O2CCF3)4 dimer. Each CF3CO2 − anion adopts a μ3-coordination mode, bridging the Ag1 and Ag2 centres to form a tetranuclear silver(I) complex. This study indicates that the donor ability of the bridging oxadiazole rings can be tuned by electron-withdrawing and -donating substituents. The emission properties of ligands L1 and L5 and complexes 1 and 2 were also investigated in the solid state.
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13

Ašanin, Darko P., Sanja Skaro Bogojevic, Franc Perdih, et al. "Structural Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity and BSA/DNA Binding Affinity of New Silver(I) Complexes with Thianthrene and 1,8-Naphthyridine." Molecules 26, no. 7 (2021): 1871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071871.

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Three new silver(I) complexes [Ag(NO3)(tia)(H2O)]n (Ag1), [Ag(CF3SO3)(1,8-naph)]n (Ag2) and [Ag2(1,8-naph)2(H2O)1.2](PF6)2 (Ag3), where tia is thianthrene and 1,8-naph is 1,8-naphthyridine, were synthesized and structurally characterized by different spectroscopic and electrochemical methods and their crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Their antimicrobial potential was evaluated against four bacterial and three Candida species, and the obtained results revealed that these complexes showed significant activity toward the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the investigated Candida species with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range 1.56–7.81 μg/mL. On the other hand, tia and 1,8-naph ligands were not active against the investigated strains, suggesting that their complexation with Ag(I) ion results in the formation of antimicrobial compounds. Moreover, low toxicity of the complexes was detected by in vivo model Caenorhabditis elegans. The interaction of the complexes with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied to evaluate their binding affinity towards these biomolecules for possible insights into the mode of antimicrobial activity. The binding affinity of Ag1–3 to BSA was higher than that for DNA, indicating that proteins could be more favorable binding sites for these complexes in comparison to the nucleic acids.
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Shangguan, B., N. Yang, R. Vanderwal, and M. D. Darrow. "119CRYOPRESERVATION OF BIOPSIED BOVINE EMBRYOS PRODUCED IN VITRO USING ARABINOGALACTAN AND 1.5M ETHYLENE GLYCOL." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab119.

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Arabinogalactan (AG) in combination with 1.5M ethylene glycol (EG) has been used successfully in cryopreserving biopsied in vivo bovine embryos (Darrow, 2002 Theriogenology 57(1), 531). This study was undertaken to investigate the efficiency of AG addition in a freezing medium (FM) to cryopreserve biopsied bovine embryos produced in vitro (IVP). Blastocysts of grade 1 were collected at Days 7 and 8 post-insemination. After biopsy with a small blade, embryos were transferred to CR1aa medium and cultured for 2 hours (h) before being frozen. In experiment 1, a group of unbiopsied embryos were handled in a manner similar to that used for the biopsied embryos. Embryos were frozen using either 1.5M EG+0.1M sucrose (EG+) (AB Technology, Pullman, WA, USA) or a FM containing 1.5M EG and different concentrations of AG (AG1, 2 and 3, courtesy of AB Technology). Embryos remained in FM for 10 (exp.1), 5 (exp.2), 5 and 10 (exp.3) or 5, 10, and 20 (exp.4) minutes before being loaded into a freezer and cooled down to −35°C at 0.3°C/min. Frozen embryos were thawed (35°C, 20 seconds) and cultured in CR1aa at 38.5°C for 3 days. Embryo survival rates (S%) were recorded at 24, 48 and 72h post-thawing. Data were compared with t-test or ANOVA procedures using SigmaStat 3.0. Results from exp.1 (Table) indicate that biopsied and unbiopsied embryos survived well in EG+ or AG2. While the biopsy procedure did not affect the post-thaw S% of embryos in either FM, no significant differences were observed between embryos frozen with EG+ and AG2 (P=0.055). Reducing or increasing AG concentration in FM by 2-fold (AG1 and 3, respectively) did not significantly affect the post-thaw S% at 24h (EG+, 80.0%, n=133; AG1, 83.3%, n=135; AG2, 71.4%, n=137 and AG3, 75.0%, n=135; P=0.217, exp.2). However, shortened exposure from 10 to 5 minutes to AG2 resulted in an improvement in S% at 24h, from 35.7% (n=80) to 61.4% (n=82, P<0.05; exp.3). When AG1 (=0.5×AG2) was used in the FM the S% at 24h after different exposure times was not significant (5 minutes, 77.8%, n=179; 10 and 20 minutes, 66.7%, n=179 and 183; P=0.472, exp.4). This study demonstrates that addition of AG to the FM effectively sustains the viability of biopsied IVP embryos during freezing and any potential harmful impact of AG on embryo survival can be minimized by reducing AG concentration or the time of embryo exposure to AG prior to freezing. Further studies are needed to determine optimal AG concentration. Currently, field trials are underway to evaluate the ability of AG medium to promote pregnancies from frozen, biopsied IVP embryos. Table 1 Post-thaw survival rates of biopsied IVP embryos frozen in ethylene glycol with sucrose (EG+) and a FM containing arabinogalactan (AG2). Data are means±SEM
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Linnarsson, Dag, Richard L. Hughson, Katelyn S. Fraser, et al. "Effects of an artificial gravity countermeasure on orthostatic tolerance, blood volumes and aerobic power after short-term bed rest (BR-AG1)." Journal of Applied Physiology 118, no. 1 (2015): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00061.2014.

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Exposure to artificial gravity (AG) in a short-arm centrifuge has potential benefits for maintaining human performance during long-term space missions. Eleven subjects were investigated during three campaigns of 5 days head-down bed rest: 1) bed rest without countermeasures (control), 2) bed rest and 30 min of AG (AG1) daily, and 3) bed rest and six periods of 5 min AG (AG2) daily. During centrifugation, the supine subjects were exposed to AG in the head-to-feet direction with 1 G at the center of mass. Subjects participated in the three campaigns in random order. The cardiovascular effects of bed rest and countermeasures were determined from changes in tolerance to a head-up tilt test with superimposed lower body negative pressure (HUT), from changes in plasma volume (PV) and from changes in maximum aerobic power (V̇o2peak) during upright work on a cycle ergometer. Complete data sets were obtained in eight subjects. After bed rest, HUT tolerance times were 36, 64, and 78% of pre-bed rest baseline during control, AG1 and AG2, respectively, with a significant difference between AG2 and control. PV and V̇o2peak decreased to 85 and 95% of pre-bed rest baseline, respectively, with no differences between the treatments. It was concluded that the AG2 countermeasure should be further investigated during future long-term bed rest studies, especially as it was better tolerated than AG1. The superior effect of AG2 on orthostatic tolerance could not be related to concomitant changes in PV or aerobic power.
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Asaftei, Iuliean Vasile, Neculai Catalin Lungu, Lucian Mihail Birsa, Ioan Gabriel Sandu, Laura Gabriela Sarbu, and Maria Ignat. "Performance of Ag-HZSM-5 Zeolite Catalysts in n-heptane Conversion." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 1 (2017): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.1.5401.

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The conversion of n-heptanes into aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX), by the chromatographic pulse method in the temperature range of 673 - 823K was performed over the HZSM-5 and Ag-HZSM-5 zeolites modified by ion exchange with AgNO3 aqueous solutions. The catalysts, HZSM-5 (SiO2/Al2O3 = 33.9), and Ag-HZSM-5 (Ag1-HZSM-5 wt. % Ag1.02, Ag2-HZSM-5 wt. % Ag 1.62; and Ag3-HZSM-5 wt. % Ag 2.05 having different acid strength distribution exhibit a conversion and a yield of aromatics depending on temperature and metal content. The yield of aromatic hydrocarbons BTX appreciably increased by incorporating silver cations Ag+ into HZSM-5.
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Zhang, Yuehua, Penghui Ren, Yuanzuo Li, Runzhou Su, and Meiyu Zhao. "Optical Absorption and Electron Injection of 4-(Cyanomethyl)benzoic Acid Based Dyes: A DFT Study." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/402746.

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Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations were carried out to study the ground state geometries, electronic structures, and absorption spectra of 4-(cyanomethyl)benzoic acid based dyes (AG1 and AG2) used for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The excited states properties and the thermodynamical parameters of electron injection were studied. The results showed that (a) two dyes have uncoplanar structures along the donor unit and conjugated bridge space, (b) two sensitizers exhibited intense absorption in the UV-Vis region, and (c) the excited state oxidation potential was higher than the conduction band edge of TiO2photoanode. As a result, a solar cell based on the 4-(cyanomethyl)benzoic acid based dyes exhibited well photovoltaic performance. Furthermore, nine dyes were designed on the basis of AG1 and AG2 to improve optical response and electron injection.
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18

Wibberg, Daniel, Oliver Rupp, Jochen Blom, et al. "Development of a Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IB Specific Gene Model Enables Comparative Genome Analyses between Phytopathogenic R. solani AG1-IA, AG1-IB, AG3 and AG8 Isolates." PLOS ONE 10, no. 12 (2015): e0144769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144769.

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19

Taheri, Parissa, Sam Gnanamanickam, and Monica Höfte. "Characterization, Genetic Structure, and Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. Associated with Rice Sheath Diseases in India." Phytopathology® 97, no. 3 (2007): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-97-3-0373.

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Isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. were obtained from rice in India during 2000-2003. Characterization by conventional techniques and polymerase chain reaction showed that from 110 isolates, 99 were R. solani and 11 were R. oryzae-sativae. Of 99 isolates identified as R. solani, 96 were AG1-IA, 1 was AG1-IB, and 2 were AG1-IC. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyzes were used to determine genetic relationships in Rhizoctonia pathogen populations collected from different geographic regions. Cluster analysis based on the AFLP data separated isolates belonging to the three different intraspecific groups of R. solani AG1 and differentiated R. solani from R. oryzae-sativae. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that geographic region was the dominant factor determining population structure of R. solani AG1-1A; host cultivar had no significant effect. Pathogenicity tests on Oryza sativa cv. Zenith revealed that isolates of R. solani AG1-1A and AG1-1B were more virulent than R. solani AG1-IC and R. oryzae-sativae isolates.
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20

Liang, Stacy, Md Hasan, and Jung-Hun Seo. "Direct Observation of Raman Spectra in Black Phosphorus under Uniaxial Strain Conditions." Nanomaterials 9, no. 4 (2019): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9040566.

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In this paper, we systematically studied the Raman vibration of black phosphorus (BP) transferred onto a germanium (Ge)-coated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate, which generates a much higher contrast in BP. This engineered flexible substrate allowed us to directly observe a much thinner BP layer on the flexible substrate at the desired location. Therefore, it enabled us to perform Raman spectroscopy immediately after exfoliation. The Raman spectra obtained from several BP layers with different thicknesses revealed that the clear peak shifting rates for the Ag1, B2g, and Ag2 modes were 0.15, 0.11, and 0.11 cm−1/nm, respectively. Using this value to identify a 2–3-layered BP, a study on the strain–Raman spectrum relationship was conducted, with a maximum uniaxial strain of 0.89%. The peak shifting of Ag1, B2g, and Ag2 caused by this uniaxial strain were measured to be 0.86, 0.63, and 0.21 cm−1/Δε, respectively.
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21

Hamamci, Sevim, Veysel T. Yilmaz та William T. A. Harrison. "Silver(I)-Saccharinato Complexes with 2-(Aminomethyl)pyridine and 2-(2-Aminoethyl)pyridine Ligands: [Ag(sac)(ampy)] and [Ag2(sac)2(μ-aepy)2]". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 60, № 9 (2005): 978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2005-0912.

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Two new saccharinato-silver(I) (sac) complexes, [Ag(sac)(ampy)] (1), and [Ag2(sac)2(μ-aepy)2] (2), [ampy = 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine, aepy = 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine], have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complexes 1 and 2 crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/c and triclinic space group P1̄, respectively. The silver(I) ions in both complexes 1 and 2 exhibit a distorted T-shaped AgN3 coordination geometry. 1 consists of individual molecules connected into chains by N-H···O hydrogen bonds. There are two crystallographically distinct dimers in the unit cell of 2 and in each dimer, the aepy ligands act as a bridge between two silver(I) centers, resulting in short argentophilic contacts [Ag1···Ag1 = 3.0199(4) Å and Ag2···Ag2 = 2.9894(4) Å ]. Symmetry equivalent dimers of 2 are connected by N-H···O hydrogen bonds into chains, which are further linked by aromatic π(py)···π(py) stacking interactions into sheets.
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22

Forgaard, Christopher J., Dana Maslovat, Anthony N. Carlsen, Romeo Chua, and Ian M. Franks. "Startle reveals independent preparation and initiation of triphasic EMG burst components in targeted ballistic movements." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 9 (2013): 2129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00888.2012.

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Muscles involved in rapid, targeted movements about a single joint often display a triphasic [agonist (AG1)-antagonist (ANT)-agonist (AG2)] electromyographic (EMG) pattern. Early work using movement perturbations suggested that for short movements, the entire EMG pattern was prepared and initiated in advance (Wadman WJ, Dernier van der Gon JJ, Geuze RH, Mol CR. J Hum Mov Stud 5: 3–17, 1979), whereas more recent transcranial magnetic stimulation evidence indicates that the ANT may be programmed separately (MacKinnon CD, Rothwell JC. J Physiol 528: 633–645, 2000) with execution of the bursts occurring serially (Irlbacher K, Voss M, Meyer BU, Rothwell JC. J Physiol 574: 917–928, 2006). The purpose of the current study was to investigate the generation of triphasic EMG bursts for movements of different amplitudes. In experiment 1, participants performed rapid elbow extension movements to 20° and 60° targets, and on some trials, a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS), which is thought to trigger prepared motor commands at short latency, was delivered at the onset of AG1. For short movements, this perturbation elicited ANT and AG2 early, suggesting the agonist and antagonist bursts may have been programmed independently. In contrast, the same manipulation did not disrupt EMG timing parameters for the long movements, raising the possibility that ANT and AG2 were not fully programmed in advance of movement onset. In experiment 2, an SAS was delivered later in the movement, which produced early onset of both ANT and AG2. We propose that the triphasic pattern is executed serially but believe the trigger signal for initiating the ANT burst occurs not in relation to the AG1 burst, but rather in close temporal proximity to the expected onset of ANT.
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Li, Rubing, Yongchao Shang, Huadan Xing, Xiaojie Wang, Mingyuan Sun, and Wei Qiu. "Orientation Identification of the Black Phosphorus with Different Thickness Based on B2g Mode Using a Micro-Raman Spectroscope under a Nonanalyzer Configuration." Materials 13, no. 23 (2020): 5572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235572.

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As an anisotropic material, the unique optoelectronic properties of black phosphorus are obviously anisotropic. Therefore, non-destructive and fast identification of its crystalline orientation is an important condition for its application in optoelectronics research field. Identifying the crystalline orientation of black phosphorus through Ag1 and Ag2 modes under the parallel polarization has high requirements on the Raman system, while in the nonanalyzer configuration, the crystalline orientation of the thick black phosphorus may not be identified through Ag1 and Ag2 modes. This work proposes a new method to identify the crystalline orientation of black phosphorus of different thicknesses. This method is conducted under the nonanalyzer configuration by B2g mode. The results show that B2g mode has a good consistency in the identification of crystalline orientations. In this paper, a theoretical model is established to study the angle-resolved Raman results of B2g mode. The new method can accurately identify the crystalline orientation with different layers of black phosphorus without misidentification.
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24

Woodhall, J. W., P. S. Wharton, and J. C. Peters. "First Report of Rhizoctonia solani AG4 HG-II Infecting Potato Stems in Idaho." Plant Disease 96, no. 11 (2012): 1701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-12-0568-pdn.

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The fungus Rhizoctonia solani is the causal agent of stem canker and black scurf of potato (Solanum tuberosum). R. solani is a species complex consisting of 13 anastomosis groups (AGs) designated AG1 to 13 (2, 3). Stems of potato (cv. Russet Norkotah) with brown lesions were recovered from one field in Kimberley, Idaho, in August 2011. Using previously described methods (3), R. solani was recovered from the symptomatic stems and one representative isolate (J15) was selected for further characterization. Sequencing of the rDNA ITS region of isolate J15 was undertaken as previously described (3) and the resulting rDNA ITS sequence (HE667745) was 99% identical to sequences of other AG4 HG-II isolates in GenBank (AF354072 and AF354074). Pathogenicity of the isolate was determined by conducting the following experiment. Mini-tubers of cv. Santé were planted individually in 1-liter pots containing John Innes Number 3 compost (John Innes Manufacturers Association, Reading, UK). Pots were either inoculated with J15, an isolate of AG3-PT (Rs08), or were not inoculated. Each treatment was replicated four times. Inoculum consisted of five 10-mm-diameter potato dextrose agar plugs, fully colonized by the appropriate isolate, placed in the compost approximately 40 mm above each seed tuber. Pots were held in a controlled environment room at 21°C with 50% relative humidity and watered as required. After 21 days, plants were assessed for disease. No symptoms of the disease were present in non-inoculated plants. In the Rs08 (AG3-PT) inoculated plants, all stems displayed large brown lesions and 20% of the stems had been killed. No stem death was observed in J15 (AG4 HG-II) inoculated plants. However, brown lesions were observed in three of the four J15 (AG4 HG-II) inoculated plants. These lesions were less severe than in plants inoculated with the Rs08(AG3-PT) inoculated plants and were present in 40% of the main stems. In the J15 (AG4 HG-II) inoculated pots, R. solani AG4 HG-II was reisolated from the five symptomatic stems, thereby satisfying Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of AG4 HG-II causing disease on potatoes in Idaho. AG4 has been isolated from potato previously from North Dakota, although the subgroup was not identified (1). The only previous report where AG4 HG-II was specifically determined to cause disease on potato was in Finland, but the isolate could not be maintained and Koch's postulates were not completed (3). The present study shows that AG4 HG-II can cause stem disease in potatoes, although disease does not develop as severely or as consistently as for AG3-PT. However, as demonstrated with isolates of AG2-1 and AG5, even mild stem infection can reduce tuber yield by as much as 12% (4). AG4 HG-II is a pathogen of sugar beet in Idaho, which was grown previously in this field. This history may have contributed to high levels of soilborne inoculum required to produce disease on potato. References: (1) N. C. Gudmestad et al. Page 247 in: J. Vos et al. eds. Effects of Crop Rotation on Potato Production in the Temperate Zones. Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1989. (2) M. J. Lehtonen et al. Agric. Food Sci. 18:223, 2009. (3) J. W. Woodhall et al. Plant Pathol. 56:286, 2007. (4) J. W. Woodhall et al. Plant Pathol. 57:897, 2008.
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25

Stojanovic, Tatjana, Marija Skrinjar, and Djordje Psodorov. "Mycological and mycotoxicological quality of wheat and flour fractions." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 108 (2005): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0508037s.

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The seed infection is a result of complex factors influence: weather conditions, health conditions of used seed, quantity of infective potentila in soil, etc. By visual evaluation, initial wheat sample has been divided in four fractions: healthy, dark germed, slightly and very fusarious. Three varietes from two localities 1 and 2 have been included in analyses. Beside the wheat, the mycotoxicological contamination of flour produced by grounding of given samples was monitored, too. The representatives of genera Fusarium were dominating, and the most frequent was F. oxysporum. The wheat and flour samples have also been analysed on presence of aflatoxin B1 "AB1" and G1 "AG1", ochratoxin A "OA" and zearalenone "F-2" toxin. AG1 had the lowest representation (2,3 g/kg) and the highest representation was of F-2 toxin (even 500 g/kg).
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26

Spiridonova, Tatyana S., Sergey F. Solodovnikov, Aleksandra A. Savina, et al. "Synthesis, crystal structures and properties of the new compounds K7–x Ag1+x (XO4)4 (X = Mo, W)." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 73, no. 12 (2017): 1071–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229617015674.

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Two new isostructural compounds, namely heptapotassium silver tetrakis(tetraoxomolybdate), K7–x Ag1+x (MoO4)4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4), and heptapotassium silver tetrakis(tetraoxotungstate), K7–x Ag1+x (WO4)4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4), have been synthesized and found to crystallize in the polar space group P63 mc (Z = 2) with the unit-cell dimensions a = 12.4188 (2) and c = 7.4338 (2) Å for K6.68Ag1.32(MoO4)4 (single-crystal data), and a = 12.4912 (5) and c = 7.4526 (3) Å for K7Ag(WO4)4 (Rietveld analysis data). Both structures represent a new structure type, with characteristic [K1(XO4)6] `pinwheels' of K1O6 octahedra and six XO4 tetrahedra (X = Mo, W) connected by common opposite faces into columns along the c axes. The octahedral columns are linked to each other through Ag1O4 tetrahedra along with the K2 and K3/Ag2 polyhedra, forming the polar rods (...Ag1O4–X1O4–empty octahedron–Ag1O4...). Ag1 is located almost at the centre of the largest face of its coordination tetrahedron and seems to have some mobility. The new structure type is related to the Ba6Nd2Al4O15 and CaBaSiO4 types, and to other structures of the α-K2SO4–glaserite family. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and second harmonic generation (SHG) results show that both compounds undergo first-order phase transformations to high-temperature centrosymmetric phases.
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27

Zhao, Ran, Xin Yao Chen, Xue Dong Li, Zhi Ling Chen, and Yan Hong Li. "Chryseobacterium takakiae sp. nov., a member of the phylum Bacteroidetes isolated from Takakia lepidozioides." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_1 (2015): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.065888-0.

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A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped and non-endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain AG1-2T, was isolated from Takakia lepidozioides collected from the Gawalong glacier in Tibet, China and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The predominant fatty acids of strain AG1-2T were iso-C15 : 0 (36.0 %), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (20.2 %), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl, 16.4 %) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c, 11.1 %). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids. Strain AG1-2T contained MK-6 as the dominant menaquinone, and the genomic DNA G+C content was 37.3 mol%. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain AG1-2T was affiliated to species of the genus Chryseobacterium , and its closest related species were Chryseobacterium taiwanense Soil-3-27T, Chryseobacterium hispalense AG13T, Chryseobacterium camelliae THG C4-1T and Chryseobacterium taeanense PHA3-4T with a sequence similarity of 98.0, 97.8, 97.3 and 97.1 %, respectively. However, the DNA–DNA relatedness values between these strains and strain AG1-2T were 29, 21, 21 and 45 %, respectively. Based on phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain AG1-2T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Chryseobacterium , for which the name Chryseobacterium takakiae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AG1-2T ( = CGMCC 1.12488T = DSM 26898T).
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28

George, A., J. Gui, N. A. Jenkins, D. J. Gilbert, N. G. Copeland, and A. Veis. "In situ localization and chromosomal mapping of the AG1 (Dmp1) gene." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 42, no. 12 (1994): 1527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/42.12.7983353.

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Dentinogenesis is being used as a model for understanding the biomineralization process. The odontoblasts synthesize a structural matrix comprised of Type I collagen fibrils which define the basic architecture of the tissue. The odontoblasts also synthesize and deliver a number of dentin-specific acidic macromolecules into the extracellular compartment. These acidic macromolecules may be involved in regulating the ordered deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals within the matrix. AG1 is the first tooth-specific acidic macromolecule to have been cloned and sequenced. To identify which cells of the rat incisor pulp/odontoblast complex were responsible for synthesis of AG1, in situ hybridization was used. Digoxigenin labeled sense and anti-sense AG1 riboprobes were prepared. The AG1 mRNA was found to be expressed in the mature secretory odontoblasts. Neither pulp cells nor pre-odontoblasts showed any staining with the anti-sense probes. Chromosomal localization studies placed the AG1 gene on mouse chromosome 5q21, in tight linkage with Fgf5. AG1 has been renamed Dmp1 (dentin matrix protein 1) in accordance with present chromosomal nomenclature. Mouse 5q21 corresponds to the 4q21 locus in humans. This is the locus for the human tooth mineralization disorder dentinogenesis imperfecta Type II (DI-II). These data suggest that the Dmp1 gene is involved in mineralization and is a candidate gene for DI-II.
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29

Liu, Xiao-Cun, and Ming-Yan Pan. "Structural Phase Transition and Related Thermoelectric Properties in Sn Doped AgBiSe2." Crystals 11, no. 9 (2021): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11091016.

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AgBiSe2, which exhibits complex structural phase transition behavior, has recently been considered as a potential thermoelectric material due to its intrinsically low thermal conductivity. In this work, we investigate the crystal structure of Sn-doped AgBiSe2 through powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. A stable cubic Ag1−x/2Bi1−x/2SnxSe2 phase can be obtained at room temperature when the value of x is larger than 0.2. In addition, the thermoelectric properties of Ag1−x/2Bi1−x/2SnxSe2 (x = 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35) are investigated, revealing that Ag1−x/2Bi1−x/2SnxSe2 compounds are intrinsic semiconductors with a low lattice thermal conductivity. This work provides new insights into the crystal structure adjustment of AgBiSe2 and shows that Ag1−x/2Bi1−x/2SnxSe2 is a potentially lead-free thermoelectric material candidate.
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30

Nakagawa, Kazunori, Shun-ichiro Kawabata, Yutaka Nakashima, Sadaaki Iwanaga, and Katsuo Sueishi. "Tissue Distribution and Subcellular Localization of Rabbit Liver Metalloendopeptidase." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 45, no. 1 (1997): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215549704500106.

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We have previously isolated rabbit liver microsomal metalloendopeptidase (MEP) as a candidate for the processing enzyme of vitamin K-dependent plasma proteins. A cDNA coding for MEP has revealed that it is structurally related to metalloendopeptidase-24.15, which catalyzes the proteolytic processing of several bioactive peptides. In this study we examined the tissue distribution and subcellular localization of MEP by light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical methods, in addition to Northern blot analysis. Chicken polyclonal antibodies were raised by using synthetic peptides AG1 (Met31-Asn46) and AG3 (Asp537-Gly551) derived from the sequence of MEP. Both anti-AG1 and anti-AG3 antibodies reacted specifically with MEP, as judged by Western blotting and immunohistochemical methods. Both antibodies gave an identical staining distribution, which was localized on the luminal cell surfaces and in the cytoplasm of the following organs: liver, brain, lungs, kidneys, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, placenta, epididymis, uterus, ovary, and oviduct. Northern blot analysis revealed that the expression of MEP mRNA is similar to its immunohistochemical distribution except in the heart. These results suggest that MEP may participate more closely in a degradation role in peptide metabolism in various tissues than in a processing role of the proprotein, like metalloendopeptidase-24.15.
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31

Löhler, Jan, Martin Lehmann, Veronika Segler, et al. "Der Mini-Audio-Test (MAT) – eine Screeningmethode auf Schwerhörigkeit für Haus- und Fachärzte." Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 48, no. 01 (2018): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0805-5741.

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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund In Deutschland leiden etwa 15 Millionen Menschen an einer Schwerhörigkeit (SH), doch nur 16 % tragen Hörgeräte. Diese Unterversorgung kann für die Betroffenen zu schwerwiegenden Folgen (soziale Isolation, Depression, Förderung einer Demenz etc.) führen. Ein frühzeitiges und flächendeckendes Hörscreening ab dem 50. Lebensjahr kann dies verbessern. In dieser Studie wurde der Mini-Audio-Test (MAT), ein sechs Fragen zum subjektiven Hörverlust (HV) umfassender Test mit dreistufiger Antwortskala, an einem Normalkollektiv überprüft (Sensitivität (Se), Spezifität (Sp), positiver prädiktiver Wert (PPW)). Methode Es wurden 943 Patienten (älter als 50 Jahre) ohne bekannte Ohrenerkrankungen mittels MAT befragt, zum Vergleich die Hörschwellen tonaudiometrisch ermittelt und die Se, Sp und der PPW zur Detektion eines relevanten HV durch den MAT für die Altersklassen < 60 Jahre (AG1) und ≥ 60 Jahre (AG2) mittels binomialer Proportionen ermittelt. Ergebnisse Die Se lag für AG1 bei 0,66, die Sp bei 0,61, der PW bei 0,60, für die AG2 lag die Se bei 0,47, die Sp bei 0,80, der PPW bei 0,89. Schlussfolgerung Entsprechend der vorliegenden Ergebnisse wird der Einsatz des MAT als Screeningmethode für Nicht-HNO-Ärzte zur Detektion von schwerhörenden Patienten ab dem 50. Lebensjahr vorgeschlagen. Hierdurch ließen sich auch schwerwiegende Begleiterkrankungen wie Minderung der kognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit, Sturzrisiko, Depression und Demenz positiv beeinflussen.
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32

Lee, Heon-Myung, Gabsik Yang, Tae-Gue Ahn, et al. "Antiadipogenic Effects ofAster glehniExtract: In Vivo and In Vitro Effects." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/859624.

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Aster glehni(AG) is a Korean traditional herb that grows in Ulleungdo Island, Republic of Korea. None of the several reports on AG include a determination of the effect of AG on adipogenesis. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether AG attenuates adipogenesis in mouse 3T3-L1 cells and epididymal fat tissue. AG blocked the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner and suppressed the expression of adipogenesis-related genes such asPPARγ,C/EBPα, andSREBP1c, the master regulators of adipogenesis. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided randomly and equally into 4 diet groups: control diet (CON), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD with 1% AG extract added (AG1), and HFD with 5% AG extract added (AG5). The experimental animals were fed HFD and the 2 combinations for 10 weeks. Mice fed HFD with AG gained less body weight and visceral fat-pad weight than did the mice fed HFD alone. Moreover, AG inhibited the expression of important adipogenic genes such asPPARγ,C/EBPα,SREBP1c,LXR, and leptin in the epididymal adipose tissue of the mice treated with AG1 and AG5. These findings indicate antiadipogenic and antiobesity effects of AG and suggest its therapeutic potential in obesity and obesity-related diseases.
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33

Goulet, P. J. G., and R. F. Aroca. "Chemical adsorption of salicylate on silver - A systematic approach to the interpretation of surface-enhanced vibrational spectra." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 82, no. 6 (2004): 987–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v04-075.

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In this work, surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopy and normal vibrational spectroscopy as well as density functional theory (DFT) computational methods have been employed to investigate the nature of the chemical adsorption and orientation of the surface species generated from salicylic acid at silver surfaces. The structure of salicylic acid and its IR and Raman spectra are determined at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory. These results are used in the assignment of the vibrational spectra. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra obtained from silver island films thinly coated with salicylic acid confirm chemical adsorption on the Ag nanostructures. To probe the nature of this surface complex, the optimized geometries and IR and Raman spectra of two model salicylate-silver complexes (Ag1 and Ag2) were calculated at the B3LYP/Lanl2DZ level of theory. It was found that good agreement exists between experimentally observed SERS spectra and the simulated SERS spectra of a complex with the salicylate monoanion bound to a Ag+ ion through its carboxylate group (Ag1). The carboxylate silver salt of salicylic acid (essentially the Ag1 complex) was also prepared, and its IR and Raman spectra were recorded for comparison with the surface-enhanced vibrational spectra. These results, along with the application of surface selection rules, suggest that salicylic acid is deprotonated at silver surfaces, interacting through its carboxylate group alone, and is preferentially in a tilted head-on orientation.Key words: chemisorption, salicylic acid, silver, density functional theory, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, reflection-absorption IR spectroscopy, surface-enhanced IR absorption.
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34

LEHTONEN, M. J., P. S. WILSON, and P. AHVENNIEMI. "Formation of canker lesions on stems and black scurf on tubers in experimentally inoculated potato plants by isolates of AG2-1, AG3 and AG5 of Rhizoctonia solani: a pilot study and literature review." Agricultural and Food Science 18, no. 3-4 (2008): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/145960609790059415.

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Development of black scurf on potato tubers (cv. Nicola) was compared in plants inoculated with isolates of Rhizoctonia solani of three anastomosis groups (AG2-1, AG3 and AG5) which occur in potato crops in Finland. All isolates induced stem canker lesions but only isolates of AG3 formed efficiently black scurf on progeny tubers. Among the AG2-1 and AG5 isolates tested, only one AG2-1 isolate formed a few sclerotia on 13.5 % of the progeny tubers in one experiment. The data indicate that isolates of AG3 differ from those of AG2-1 and AG5 in having a higher ability to form sclerotia on tubers. Therefore, while AG2-1 and AG5 isolates have a broader host range, AG3 is more efficient in producing black scurf, which provides this anastomosis group with more efficient means of dissemination on seed potatoes. These differences probably explain the predominance of AG3 (98.9 % of isolates) in potato crops in Finland and other northern potato production areas.;
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35

Paktinat-Saeij, Saeid, Mansoureh Ahaniazad, Mohammad Bagheri, and Mohammad Reza Damavandian. "A new species of the genus Adamystis Cunliffe (Acari: Trombidiformes: Adamystidae) from Iran, with a key to the world species." Systematic and Applied Acarology 24, no. 1 (2019): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.1.10.

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A new species, Adamystis saboorii sp. nov. (Trombidiformes: Prostigmata: Adamystidae) is described based on adult females from Maragheh city, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. The new species can be distinguished from other species by the following features: three pairs of adoral setae; chelicera with two setae; idiosoma with reticulated dorsal shield; lateral lens-like structures absent, three pairs of aggenital setae (ag1–3) on divided coxisternal shield and two setae (ag4–5) on a large reticulated shield. Also, an identification key to known species of Adamystis is updated.
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36

Korduban, O. M., T. V. Kryshchuk, V. O. Kandyba, and V. V. Trachevskii. "XPS studies of the surface of TiO2:Ag nanopowders." Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni 11, no. 4 (2020): 547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/hftp11.04.547.

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n-TiO2 and n-TiO2:Ag nanopowders were synthesized by the method of electric explosion of wires (EEW). The doping of nanopowders took place during the explosion of titanium wire, on the surface of which an Ag2O layer of the appropriate mass was applied. The energy of the explosion was equal to Е = 3.1·Еs, where Es is the energy of sublimation of the metal. Based on the synthesized nanopowders, mesoporous n-TiO2 and n-TiO2:Ag films were formed. The phase composition of the surface of several series of n-TiO2 and n-TiO2:Ag samples under different annealing conditions was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The XPS spectra of the Ti2p- and Ag3d- levels were decomposed by the Gauss-Newton method into interconnected components 2p3/2/2p1/2 and 3d5/2/3d3/2 with parameters DЕ = 5.76 eV; I1/I2 = 0.5 and DЕ = 6.0 eV; I1/I2 = 0.66 to take into account the spin-orbit splitting of the pair respectively. The paper presents histograms of the contributions of the components to the Ti2p- and Ag3d- spectra, which vary depending on the degree of doping and annealing conditions for 4 series of samples. According to XPS data, on the surface of EEW nanopowders TiO2 and TiO2:Ag titanium is represented by Ti3+- and Ti4+- states, silver by Ag0-, Ag1+- and Ag2+- states. In all series of samples, the contribution of the Ti3+- state simultaneously increases with an increase in the absolute Ag content, which is a consequence of the lattice distortion through the formation of a surface phase with Ti–O–Ag bonds. Annealing at 300 °C in air leads to an increase in the contribution to the spectra of Ti4+- states of ЕbTi2p3/2 = 458.3 eV and Ag1+ - states. Pretreatment of the samples with hydrogen peroxide before annealing leads to an increase in the contribution of oxide-hydroxide phases of titanium and Ag0- states. Annealing of the samples at 300 °С in argon with pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide leads to an increase in the contribution to the spectra of Ti4+- states with ЕbTi2p3/2 = 458.8 eV, oxide-hydroxide phases of titanium and Ag0. It has been found that the direction of redox processes on the surface of n-TiO2 after the action of H2O2 and subsequent annealing in air depends on the state of hydration of the original nanopowders.
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37

Liang, Guang-Ming, Jing Shang, Kun-Guo Yang, Kai Ma, and Qing-Ling Ni. "Counter-anion role in the formation of two supramolecular complexes: [Ag2(DPP)2](ClO4)2·CH3CN and [Ag2(DPP)2(NO3)2] {DPP isN-[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]pyridin-4-amine}." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 70, no. 4 (2014): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229614005725.

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The title compounds, bis{μ-N-[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]pyridin-4-amine-κ2N1:P}disilver bis(perchlorate) acetonitrile monosolvate, [Ag2(C18H17N2P)2](ClO4)2·CH3CN, (1), and bis{μ-N-[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]pyridin-4-amine-κ2N1:P}bis[(nitrato-κ2O,O)silver], [Ag2(C18H17N2P)2(NO3)2], (2), each contain disilver macrocyclic [Ag2(C18H17N2P)2]2+cations lying about inversion centres. The cations are constructed by twoN-[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]pyridin-4-amine (DPP) ligands linking two Ag+cations in a head-to-tail fashion. In (1), the unique Ag+cation has a near-linear coordination geometry consisting of one pyridine N atom and one P atom from two different DPP ligands. Two ClO4−anions doubly bridge two metallomacrocycles through Ag...O and N—H...O weak interactions to form a chain extending in thecdirection. The half-occupancy acetonitrile molecule lies with its methyl C atom on a twofold axis and makes a weak N...Ag contact. In (2), there are two independent [Ag(C18H17N2P)]+cations. The nitrate anions weakly chelate to each Ag+cation, leading to each Ag+cation having a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry consisting of one pyridine N atom and one P atom from two different DPP ligands, and two chelating nitrate O atoms. Each dinuclear [Ag2(C18H17N2P)2(NO3)2] molecule acts as a four-node to bridge four adjacent equivalent molecules through N—H...O interactions, forming a two-dimensional sheet parallel to thebcplane. Each sheet contains dinuclear molecules involving just Ag1 or Ag2 and these two types of sheet are stacked in an alternating fashion. The sheets containing Ag1 all lie nearx= {1 \over 2}, {3 \over 2}, {5 \over 2}etc, while those containing Ag2 all lie nearx= 0, 1, 2etc. Thus, the two independent sheets are arranged in an alternating sequence atx= 0, {1 \over 2}, 1, {3 \over 2}etc. These two different supramolecular structures result from the different geometric conformations of the templating anions which direct the self-assembly of the cations and anions.
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38

Adamovich, Serge V., Mindy F. Levin, and Anatol G. Feldman. "Central Modifications of Reflex Parameters May Underlie the Fastest Arm Movements." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 3 (1997): 1460–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.3.1460.

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Adamovich, Serge V., Mindy F. Levin, and Anatol G. Feldman. Central modifications of reflex parameters may underlie the fastest arm movements. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 1460–1469, 1997. Descending and reflex pathways usually converge on common interneurons and motoneurons. This implies that active movements may result from changes in reflex parameters produced by control signals conveyed by descending systems. Specifically, according to the λ-model, a fast change in limb position is produced by a rapid change in the threshold of the stretch reflex. Consequently, external perturbations may be ineffective in eliciting additional reflex modifications of electromyographic (EMG) patterns unless the perturbations are relatively strong. In this way, the model accounts for the relatively weak effects of perturbations on the initial agonist EMG burst (Ag1) usually observed in fast movements. On the other hand, the same model permits robust reflex modifications of the timing and shape of the Ag1 in response to strong perturbations even in the fastest movements. To test the model, we verified the suggestion that the onset time of the Ag1, even in the fastest movements, depends on proprioceptive feedback in a manner consistent with a stretch reflex. In control trials, subjects ( n = 6) made fast unopposed elbow flexion movements of ∼60° (peak velocity 500–700°/s) in response to an auditory signal. In random test trials, a brief (50 ms) torque of 8–15 Nm either assisting or opposing the movement was applied 50 ms after this signal. Subjects had no visual feedback and were instructed not to correct arm deflections in case of perturbations. In all subjects, the onset time of the Ag1 depended on the direction of perturbation: it was 25–60 ms less in opposing compared with assisting load conditions. Assisting torques caused, at a short latency of 37 ms, an additional antagonist EMG burst preceding the Ag1. The direction-dependent effects of the perturbation persisted when cutaneous feedback was suppressed. It was concluded that the direction-dependent changes in the onset time and duration of the Ag1 as well as the antagonist activation preceding the Ag1 resulted from stretch reflex activity elicited by the perturbations rather than from a change in the control strategy or cutaneous reflexes. The results support the hypothesis on the hierarchical scheme of sensorimotor integration in which EMG patterns and movement emerge from the modification of the thresholds and other parameters of proprioceptive reflexes by control systems.
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39

Bai, Q., N. Wang, and J. Gao. "First Report of Seedling Blight Caused by Rhizoctonia solani on Dioscorea nipponica in China." Plant Disease 94, no. 7 (2010): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-7-0915c.

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Throughhill yam (Dioscorea nipponica Makino), a perennial winding herb and a member of the Discoreaceae, is distributed principally in northeast Asia. It is used to produce medicine for treating coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and inflammation. In China, this species is cultivated in many provinces such as Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, and Shanxi. In July 2006, seedling blight was observed on D. nipponica with disease incidence ranging from 37 to 75% in commercial fields in Antu County, China. In the early stages of disease development, water-soaked lesions appeared at the stem base and on leaves near the ground. Lesions later turned dark brown and necrotic. Leaves eventually became chlorotic, stem and petioles collapsed gradually, and plants died. Mycelium was observed to be growing on the surface of infected tissues and adjacent plants, and brown, hard sclerotia were produced on stem or petiole surfaces. A fungus with morphological characteristics of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn was consistently isolated from diseased tissues that were plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Mycelium was branched at right angles with a septum near the branch and a slight constriction at the branch base. Cells from hyphae grown on 2% water agar at 25°C were determined to be multinucleate when stained with 1% safranin O and 3% KOH solution (1) and examined at ×400. Anastomosis groups were determined by pairing isolates with 12 tester strains representing all subgroups of AG1 to AG5 on 2% water agar in petri plates (2). The anastomosis grouping of isolates Rs1, Rs2, and Rs5 was determined to be AG1-IB and that of isolates Rs3 and Rs6 was determined to be AG2-1. The rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence of isolates Rs1, Rs2, and Rs5 (GenBank Accession Nos. GU585667, GU596490, and GU594691) had 100, 99, and 100% nucleotide identity, respectively, with AG1-IB (GenBank Accession No. FG440191). The rDNA-ITS of isolates Rs3 and Rs6 (GenBank Accession Nos. GU596493 and GU594692) exhibited 99% homology with AG2-1 (GenBank Accession No. EU513135). Pathogenicity tests were performed on healthy, potted 2-year-old plants of D. nipponica. Twenty plants were wound inoculated by placing 0.6-cm mycelial plugs from 3-day-old PDA cultures on leaves and stems. Twenty plants were treated with PDA plugs as controls. Plants were maintained at 25°C and 95% relative humidity on a 12-h light/dark regimen. Typical symptoms of leaf and stem rotting identical to those observed in the commercial field appeared 4 days after inoculation and all inoculated plants died within 10 days. No disease symptoms were observed on control plants. Rhizoctonia solani was consistently reisolated from symptomatic tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first report of R. solani causing seedling blight on D. nipponica in the world. References: (1) R. J. Bandoni. Mycologia 71:873, 1979. (2) C. C. Tu and J. W. Kimbrough. Mycologia 65:941, 1973.
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40

Ray, B., J. W. Brightwell, and P. Sephton. "Red emitting centre in Ag1−xCuxI." Journal of Luminescence 37, no. 3 (1987): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2313(87)90186-4.

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41

De Marco, Domenico, Antonino Marchese, and Wolfgang Linert. "Thermodynamics of complex formation of Ag1." Thermochimica Acta 167, no. 1 (1990): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(90)80460-g.

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42

Liu, Bo, Zhoujie Ma, Xiaotong Gai, et al. "Analysis of putative sclerotia maturation-related gene expression in Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA." Archives of Biological Sciences 70, no. 4 (2018): 647–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs180106026l.

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Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA (R. solani AG1-IA) is a major soil-borne fungal pathogen of maize that causes significant yield losses in all maize-growing regions worldwide. The sclerotium produced by R. solani AG1-IA can overwinter in grass roots or diseased plants and infect crops the following year. The molecular mechanism underlying sclerotium formation in R. solani is poorly understood. In this study, we constructed the cDNA library of the R. solani AG1-IA pathogenic strain WF-9, from which 329 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained. Of the 250 clustered unigenes, 12 genes were selected for further expression analysis during the three stages of sclerotial growth (mycelium, initiation of sclerotium, and maturation of sclerotium). The results of expression analysis support the previously suggested roles of chitin synthase D and exo-beta-1,3-glucanase in facilitating sclerotial growth through preservation of water content and energy. In addition, cytochrome P450, NADPH oxidase, catalase (CAT), acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mitogen-activated protein kinase HOG1 (HOG 1), and the G-protein ? subunit play important roles in balancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels during sclerotial development. The findings of this study can help understand the molecular mechanism of sclerotial development further.
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43

Sun, Di, Shuai Yuan, Shan-Shan Liu, Ya-Qin Zhao, Lu-Lu Han, and Xing-Po Wang. "Mixed Linker Strategy for the Construction of a Fluorescent 2D Network Based on [Ag2(COO)2] as Secondary Building Unit." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 68, no. 4 (2013): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2013-3013.

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The ultrasound-assisted reaction of AgNO3, 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (dmapym) and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (H2npd) gave rise to a new 2D network of the formula [Ag2(dmapym)2(npd)]n (1). The atoms Ag1 and Ag2 in the complex show seesaw and distorted tetrahedral coordination geometries, respectively. The dmapym ligand acts as a bidentate bridge to bind paired Ag(I) ions into a chain. The chains are further connected by npd linkers to form the resultant 2D network reinforced by N-H···O hydrogen bonds between dmapym and npd. Weak C-H···p interactions are also found in the crystal structure. Complex 1 exhibits photoluminescence in the solid state at room temperature with an emission maximum at 418 nm upon excitation at 330 nm.
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44

Neto Alves de Oliveira, Emanuel, Joabis Nobre Martins, and Dyego Da Costa Santos. "Avaliação física de ovos comerciais de diferentes espécies de aves." Revista Acadêmica: Ciência Animal 9, no. 4 (2011): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/cienciaanimal.v9i4.12470.

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O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar e comparar as características físicas de ovos comerciais. Os experimentos foram conduzidos com ovos brancos de galinha de granja (GB) e vermelhos (GV), galinha caipira (CP1 e CP2), pata (PT1 e PT2) e galinha da Angola (AG1 e AG2), avaliando-se as cascas, albúmens, gemas inteiras e homogeneizadas e mistura do albúmen e gema. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: massa individual, diâmetro transversal e longitudinal, coloração (luminosidade e intensidade de vermelho e amarelo) e textura (adesividade e compressão). Verificou-se que a massa individual variou de 38,08 (AG2) a 72,38 g (PT1). Os maiores diâmetros transversais foram encontrados nos tratamentos PT1 (45,50 mm) e GB (45,00 mm). Os ovos dos tratamentos GV, GB e CP1 apresentaram as maiores porcentagens de albúmen, e os tratamentos PT1 e PT2, as maiores porcentagens de gema. As maiores luminosidades foram verificadas nas cascas dos tratamentos GB, AG1, PT1 e PT2. Os valores de intensidade de amarelo variaram de 2,54 (casca do tratamento GB) a 99,57 (mix do tratamento CP1). Quanto à textura, os valores de adesividade variaram de -12,33 (albúmen do tratamento CP1) a -71,53 N (gema do tratamento PT2), e os de compressão variaram de 7,13 (albúmen do tratamento CP1) a 58,38 N (gema do tratamento PT1). Os tratamentos GV, GB e CP1 são recomendados para o processamento de produtos que necessitam de grandes quantidades de albúmen, enquanto que os tratamentos PT1 e PT2 são indicados para o processamento de produtos que necessitem sensorialmente de maior adesividade.
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45

Greening, Giorgio G. W. "UV-VIS Absorption Spectra of Molten AgCl and AgBr and of their Mixtures with Group I and II Halide Salts." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 70, no. 10 (2015): 787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2015-0197.

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AbstractThe UV-VIS absorption spectra of (Ag1-X[Li-Cs, Ba]X)Cl and of (Ag1-X[Na, K, Cs]X)Br at 823 K at the concentrations X=0.0, 0.1, 0.2 have been measured. The findings show that on adding the respective halides to molten silver chloride and silver bromide, shifts of the fundamental absorption edge to shorter wavelengths result. A correlation between the observed shifts and the expansion of the silver sub-lattice is found, which is valid for both silver halide systems studied in this work.
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46

Meakin, J. I., P. C. Klipstein, and R. H. Friend. "Transport and magnetic properties of Ag1/3TiS2." Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics 20, no. 2 (1987): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3719/20/2/009.

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47

Feig, Manuel, Matej Bobnar, Igor Veremchuk, et al. "Two-gap superconductivity in Ag1–xMo6S8Chevrel phase." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 29, no. 49 (2017): 495603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/aa97fd.

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48

Ohno, S., A. C. Barnes, and J. E. Enderby. "The electronic properties of liquid Ag1-xSex." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 6, no. 28 (1994): 5335–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/6/28/010.

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49

Israel, Carsten W. "Jahresbericht 2012 der AG1 – Rhythmologie der DGK." Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie 24, no. 1 (2013): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00399-013-0251-0.

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50

Yan Yong-Gao, Tang Xin-Feng, Liu Hai-Jun, Yin Ling-Ling, and Zhang Qing-Jie. "Thermoelectric properties of nonstoichiometric Ag1-xPb18SbTe20 materials." Acta Physica Sinica 56, no. 6 (2007): 3473. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.56.3473.

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