To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Agar well diffusion method.
Journal articles on the topic 'Agar well diffusion method'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Agar well diffusion method.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Ahuja, Chitrangana, Harpreet Kaur, and Rajeev Sharma. "Antibacterial Activity of Terminalia Chebula Fruit by Agar well Diffusion Method." Journal of Chemistry, Environmental Sciences and its Applications 1, no. 2 (2015): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jce.2015.12006.
Full text
2
Nurhayati, Lilih Siti, Nadhira Yahdiyani, and Akhmad Hidayatulloh. "PERBANDINGAN PENGUJIAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI STARTER YOGURT DENGAN METODE DIFUSI SUMURAN DAN METODE DIFUSI CAKRAM." Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Peternakan 1, no. 2 (2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jthp.v1i2.27537.
Full textAbstract:
Antibacterial activity testing can be done using the agar diffusion method, including agar well difussion and disk diffusion agar methods. This study aims to compare two antibacterial testing methods to analyze the anti-bacterial activity of a yogurt starter against the bacteria Eschericia coli and Staphilococcus aureus. The study was conducted experimentally with 5 concentrations of yogurt starter, namely 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%. Testing antibacterial activity using two methods ,disk diffusion agar and well difussion agar methods. The research showed that agar well diffusion method obtained antibacterial activity greater than the disk diffusion method for E. coli and S. aureus.
3
Tarek, A. El-bashiti. "Production of Cephalosporin C from Acremonium chrysogenum, and its Antimicrobial Activity against Some Pathogenic Bacteria." Pharmaceutical and Chemical Journal 4, no. 2 (2017): 19–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13762620.
Full textAbstract:
The Production of cephalosporin C by <em>Acremonium chrysogenum</em>in flask contain fermentation medium, after that its extraction, purification and estimation was performed by Spectrophotometric Method. The antimicrobial activities of both the crude and purified cephalosporin C were performed against the test organisms by Agar Well Diffusion Method. Agar well diffusion method and the inhibition zones were recorded and evaluated the effectiveness of the antibiotic against gram positive bacteria (<em>Staphylococcus aereus</em> and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>) and no effectiveness against gram negative bacteria (<em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Proteus mirabilis</em>). <strong> </strong>
4
K., Mohana Priya, and Kouser Ali Shabana. "Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous Extract of Sea Weed Ulva Fasciata : An In Vitro Study." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research 2, no. 2 (2011): 102–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12698744.
Full textAbstract:
Ulva fasciata is a common sea weed and known for various medicinal properties. The aim ofthe present study was to screen the antimicrobial activity of Ulva fasciata against clinicalisolates of bacteria. The aqueous extract of the U. fasciata was studied for its antagonisticactivity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, andKlebsiella pneumoniae. In vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by Agar well diffusionmethod in Muller Hinton agar. The extract showed significant effect on the tested organisms.The extract showed maximum zone of inhibition against E. coli (15.6±1.3) whereas, lowestagainst K. pneumoniae (11.2±1.02). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of aqueousextract was measured by modified agar well diffusion method. The MIC value of crudeextract was 16.2, 5.4, 7.1 and 15 mg/ml against E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S.aureus respectively.
5
Boyanova, Lyudmila, Galina Gergova, Rossen Nikolov, et al. "Activity of Bulgarian propolis against 94 Helicobacter pylori strains in vitro by agar-well diffusion, agar dilution and disc diffusion methods." Journal of Medical Microbiology 54, no. 5 (2005): 481–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.45880-0.
Full textAbstract:
Propolis exhibits antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and other biological effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of 30 % ethanolic extract of Bulgarian propolis against 94 Helicobacter pylori strains by three methods. By the agar-well diffusion method, only 13.8 % of the strains exhibited no inhibition by 30 μl propolis extract (containing 9 mg propolis) and all isolates were inhibited to some extent by 90 μl of the extract (27 mg propolis) per well. The mean diameters of growth inhibition by 30, 60 or 90 μl propolis extract or 30 μl 96 % ethanol per well were 16.8, 19.2, 27.5 and 8.3 mm, respectively. The propolis extract was more active than the ethanol (P < 0.001). With 90 μl propolis extract per well, 69.4 % of the strains exhibited large diameters of growth inhibition (⩾20 mm) versus 26.6 % with 30 μl per well (P < 0.001). With moist propolis discs, inhibition was detected in more strains (92.1 %) than with dried discs (78.2 %, P < 0.05), with mean inhibitory diameters of 18.7 and 13.8 mm, respectively. By the agar dilution method, 100 and 300 μg propolis ml−1 inhibited the growth of 57.1 % and 76.2 %, respectively, of the 21 strains tested. In conclusion, Bulgarian propolis had a strong and dose-dependent activity against most of the H. pylori strains tested. Although the effect of propolis on H. pylori in vitro is promising, further microbiological, pharmacological and clinical trials are required.
6
Srinivasan, R., D. Natarajan, and M. S. Shivakumar. "Antimicrobial and GC-MS Analysis of Memecylon edule Leaf Extracts." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research 5, no. 1 (2014): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12689427.
Full textAbstract:
Memecylon edule (L.) is belongs to Melastomataceae family used in many folkloremedicines. The present study was focused on different solvent (methanol, acetone, ethylacetate, chloroform and hexane) leaf extracts of M. edule were evaluated for theirantimicrobial potential and bioactive components (ethyl acetate extract) were analyzed byGC-MS. The antimicrobial activity was done by well in agar and disc diffusion methodsagainst four fungal pathogens and 17 bacterial pathogens include 5 reference (MTCC) strains. `The results show all these extracts exhibited different degree of antimicrobial activity ontested organisms. Agar well diffusion method, contributed superior antimicrobial activitythan disc diffusion method. The maximum antimicrobial activity was exhibited in ethylacetate extract against Streptococcus pneumoniae (MTCC 655) (32 mm) with minimuminhibitory concentration (MIC) concentrations of 62.5 µg/ml and minimum bactericidalconcentration (MBC) of 1 mg/ml with 5 CFU followed by acetone extract. In disc diffusionmethod, the ethyl acetate extract shows maximum antibacterial potential against S.pneumoniae (MTCC 655) (25 mm), Salmonella typhimurium 1 (MTCC 98) (25 mm)followed by acetone extract (against S. pneumoniae (MTCC 655) (22 mm), S. typhimurium 1(MTCC 98) (22 mm)). Most of the tested extracts were show nil or least activity on fungalpathogens in both methods. The maximum antifungal activity was observed in ethyl acetateextract against Mucor racemosus (11 mm). The GC-MS profile of ethyl acetate extract of M.edule showed 26 major compounds (peaks) with different parentage of peak values. Amongthem, steric acid was predominant (20.19%) constituent. The results from this investigationencourage M. edule extracts may be used in treatment of diseases caused by pathogenicmicroorganisms.
7
Kandukuri, Naga Hari Krishna, Kishore Babu M, Bhargavi M, et al. "Invitro antimicrobial activity of bitter melon leaf extract using well diffusion method." Journal of Modern Techniques in Biology and Allied Sciences 1, no. 1 (2024): 13–19. https://doi.org/10.70604/jmtbas.v1i1.10.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of present study examines the invitro antimicrobial properties of leaf removes from Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter melon. Utilizing different extraction techniques, we arranged separates and considered their viability in contrast to a scope of pathogenic microorganisms, including microbes and growths. Using a paper plate dispersion test, its antimicrobial viability against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was assessed using its methanolic extracts. The Agar Well-Dispersion Strategy ensured adequate antifungal efficacy against specific strains of Penicillium and Aspergillus. The base inhibitory focus (MIC) was determined using the Stock Weakening method and the Agar Well-Dispersion method. Antimicrobial examines, including agar dissemination and least inhibitory fixation (MIC) tests, were directed to decide the viability of the concentrates. The outcomes exhibited huge antimicrobial properties, with fluctuating levels of hindrance across various microbial strains. These discoveries propose that Momordicacharantia leaf separates have likely remedial applications as normal antimicrobial specialists, featuring the requirement for additional investigation into their dynamic mixtures and instruments of activity. This study contributes to the growing interest in plant-derived substances for combating microbial resistance.
8
Megawati, Megawati, Mochammad Yuwono, and Riesta Primaharinastiti. "Antibacterial activity of Randu Honey against some bacterial pathogens using agar well diffusion method." Riset Informasi Kesehatan 14, no. 1 (2025): 49. https://doi.org/10.30644/rik.v14i1.954.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Honey's antibacterial and other therapeutic qualities have long been recognized because of its bioactive components, which include hydrogen peroxide, flavonoids, and phenolics. Randu honey is a monofloral honey that is made from the nectar of Ceiba pentandra and has the ability to suppress Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative bacteria. Because antibiotic resistance is on the rise, it is crucial to investigate alternative treatments like honey. Method: This study evaluates the antibacterial activity of randu honey using the agar well diffusion method or Kirby-Bauer diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to determine its Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) by preparing a series of honey dilutions ranging from 100% to 10% (w/v) then incubating in an incubator at a temperature of 37°C for 24 hours to allow interaction between the test solutions and bacteria on the agar media, followed by measuring the inhibition zones formed using a caliper. Results: The antibacterial activity of randu honey increased with concentration. Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest sensitivity with an inhibition zone of 9.02 ± 0.67 mm at 100%, classified as moderate at 70%–100% concentrations (MIC 20%). Escherichia coli exhibited lower sensitivity, with inhibition zones ranging from 7.07 ± 0.56 mm at 100% to 0.18 ± 0.01 mm at 30%, categorized as moderate at 80%–100% (MIC 30%). For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, moderate activity was observed at 80%–100%, with inhibition zones up to 8.16 ± 0.13 mm at 100% (MIC 30%). Conclusion: Randu honey shows promising antibacterial activity, especially against Staphylococcus aureus, with concentration-dependent effects. Its moderate activity at higher concentrations highlights its potential as a natural antibacterial agent.
9
Bhuvaneswari., M*and P. Sivagurunathan. "SCREENING OF BIOSURFACTANT PRODUCTION BY BACILLUS SP ISOLATED FROM COASTAL REGION IN CUDDALORE TAMILNADU." IAJPS,CSK PUBLICATIONS 03, no. 11 (2016): 1370–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.200636.
Full textAbstract:
Marine microorganisms produce extracellular or membrane associated surface-active compounds (bio surfactants). Biosurfactant are organic compounds belonging to various classes including glycolipids, lipopeptides, fatty acids, phospholipids that reduce the interfacial tension between immiscible liquids.This study deals with production and characterization of biosurfactant from Bacillus sp. The efficiency of Bacillus spstrain isolated from a marine sediments soil sample from coastal region -Cuddalore. Methods: Bushnell Haas (BH) liquid medium was used as the enrichment medium with 1 %(v/v) diesel as the sole carbon source to sole ate diesel degrading bacteria. Serial dilutions (1/10) from the third enrichment process were plated out into BH agar plates, which were covered with 100 μl of diesel oil and incubated at 30°C for approximately one week. The single colonies were streaked into nutrient agar plates incubated at 30°C overnight and stored at 4°C until further use. To elute the biosurfactant from TLC and screen the antimicrobial activity of biosurfactant against clinical pathogens by agar well diffusion method. Result: The results showed the Bacillus sp strains could be effective for crude oil biodegradation. Conclusion: Bacillus spproduces bio surfactant which helps in conversion of the hydrophobic layer into small micelles which it can easily engulf as a carbon source which is the basic nutritional requirement. Key words: Isolation, Bacillussp, Biosurfactant , TLC and Agar well method.
10
Singh, R. "Pharmacological screening of heartwood of Tectona grandis Linn.for antibacterial activity by Agar-Well Diffusion method." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1221, no. 1 (2022): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1221/1/012019.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Medicinal plants has always been a subject of interest for human being from ancient times due to health benefits. Researchers found that, people in different regions of the world used the same or similar plants for health benefits. Medicinal plant research includes many fields like drug discovery, ethnobotany, traditional and indigenous medicines. During corona pandemic we realised that there are no effective therapies available for new and remerging infectious diseases. Public health badly affected due to drug resistant microorganism and appearance of new disease causing microbes. Due to increasing side effects of synthetic drugs and uncontrolled infectious diseases researchers have taken interest in natural sources of medicines and have screened a large number of plants for new bioactive compounds. Natural products have been a well-known source of various molecules in the process of drug discovery and many bioactive natural product derivatives. Stereo chemical and structural properties of natural products are characteristics which are responsible for exploring novel molecular diversity. One of the successful strategies for the investigation of new medicinal agents from plants includes screening of plant extract, fractions followed by the purification of the constituents. Several plants and their products have been evaluated for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. In present study, the ethanolic extract of the heartwood of Tectona grandis Linn. was screened for antibacterial activity.
11
Ali, Zainab Aziz, Thamer M. Jasim, and Widad M. K. Alani. "Antibacterial Activity of Chloroform Extract from Tagetes Erecta L. Flowers." Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, no. 4 (2019): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32947/ajps.v19i4.627.
Full textAbstract:
Antibacterial activity of chloroform of T. erecta flower extract was performed on six-gram negative bacteria species (Serratia marcescens, Acinobacter Spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella Spp., Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two-gram positive Bac-
 
 teria (Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus). The antibacterial study was performed by ager well diffusion and disk diffusion methods. The extract shows good results against examined bacteria and the results obtained by agar well diffusion method was better than those obtained from disk diffusion method.
12
Gummuluri, Sriram, Venkata Teja Kavalipurapu, and Apoorva Vasundhara Kaligotla. "Antimicrobial efficacy of Novel Ethanolic Extract of Morinda Citrifolia Against Enterococcus Feacalis by Agar Well Diffusion Method and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration- An Invitro Study." Brazilian Dental Science 22, no. 3 (2019): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2019.v22i3.1731.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: the long term success of root canal treatment is ultimately related to the effective debridement and disinfection of the root canal system. Hence, the irrigants play an important role in achieving the good penetrability and bactericidal activity. The present study was mainly aimed at evaluating the invitro antimicrobial efficacy of Novel Ethanolic Extract of Morinda Citrifolia by agar well diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration. Materials and Methods:the antimicrobial efficacy of the Novel Ethanolic Extract of Morinda Citrifolia was tested using agar well diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration was assessed. The zone of inhibitions were determined at 10 mg/ml concentration of Ethanolic Extract of Morinda Citrifolia on agar well plate and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against tested microorganism. Results: results obtained in the present study by both qualitative and quantitative experiments revieled that the tested Ethanolic Extract of Morinda Citrifolia possesses potential antibacterial activity against Enterococcus Feacalis when compared with standard antibiotic tetracycline. the highest zone of inhibition of 15mm was showed at 1000micrograms by agar well diffusion assay. The optimal antimicrobial activity was seen at 250micrograms for Morinda Citrifolia against Enterococcus Feacalis.Conclusion: novel Ethanolic extract of Morinda Citrifolia has shown an optimal antimicrobial activity against E.Feaclais. But still, future studies are still needed.
13
Devillers, J., R. Steiman, and F. Seigle-Murandi. "The usefulness of the agar-well diffusion method for assessing chemical toxicity to bacteria and fungi." Chemosphere 19, no. 10-11 (1989): 1693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(89)90512-2.
Full text
14
Er, Yesim, Nur Sivri, and Mustafa Mirik. "Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil Against Rhizobium (Agrobacterium) vitis Using Agar Well and Disc Diffusion Method." Bacteriology Journal 8, no. 1 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/bj.2018.1.11.
Full text
15
Madhivathani S M, Umesh K, Sangeeta Chavan, Palanivel Pandian R, and Prem Kumar P. "Comparative evaluation of anti-bacterial effect of Caesalpinia sappan aqueous extract and 0.12% Chlorhexidine against Streptococcus mutans – An in vitro study." International Journal of Community Dentistry 11, no. 2 (2023): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.56501/intjcommunitydent.v11i2.867.
Full textAbstract:
Aim and objectives: To evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of various concentration of C.sappan wood aqueous extract (100mg/ml, 200mg/ml, 300mg/ml, 400mg/ml, 500mg/ml and 600mg/ml) and 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash using agar well diffusion method against St.mutans. Materials and Methods: A comparative experimental invitro study was conducted to evaluate and compare antimicrobial activity of various concentration of C.Sappan aqueous extract and 0.12% Chlorhexidine. The study enclosed extract of 100mg/ml, 200mg/ml, 300mg/ml, 400mg/ml, 500mg/ml, 600mg/ml and 0.12% Chlorhexidine as control. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by agar well diffusion method, were 50µl of each concentration was poured in the prepared agar well and assessed for zone of inhibition. Results: The antimicrobial potential of test compounds was estimated by measuring the zone of inhibition and all the procedure are done in triplicates and values are assessed using One way ANOVA and Post Hoc analysis. All the concentration used showed zone of inhibition against St.mutans. At the concentration, 600mg/ml of aqueous C.sappan extract have a larger zone of inhibition (22.41±.32). In agar well diffusion method, at the minimal concentration of 600mg/ml and C.Sappan aqueous extract was comparatively better than positive control group (0.12%cholorhexidine). Conclusion: C.Sappan wood aqueous extract could be preferred for routine oral hygiene practice where it can provide maximal antimicrobial effect without side effects of routine aid.
16
Ali Khan, Mohsin, Shadma Yaqoob, and Sharique Ahmad. "Antimicrobial Activity of Azadirachta indica, against Target Pathogens and Its Utility as a Disinfectant and Floor Cleaner." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 25 (2021): 1899–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/392.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, neem tree or Indian lilac, Limbo, Nim, Nimba, Medusa and Vempu. It is typically grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Neem belongs to family meliaceae. Neem is a native tree of India. It is also called “village pharmacy of south Asia” (India) because of its enormous medicinal properties and people use it most of the time without knowing its multiple advantages. This study was done to know the efficacy of medicinal plant named Azadirachta indica (Neem) against pathogenic microorganisms and about its utility as disinfectant and floor cleaner. METHODS Agar well diffusion method, Culture plate method, inoculum preparation & its subculture methods were used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the neem leaf extract. Different concentrations of neem leaf extracts in culture plates were used for the study. In this method inhibited zones were measured. RESULTS Neem leaf extracts showed considerable antimicrobial activity against four target pathogens. In agar well diffusion method it showed maximum antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Growth of inhibition was increased as the concentration of the neem extract in agar media increased and was maximum for Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSIONS The extract of A. indica, has antimicrobial activity against target pathogens Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, and E.coli. With the old medicinal knowledge on neem, better economic and therapeutic utilization can be done by using modern approaches of drug development. KEY WORDS Neem Leaf extract, Antimicrobial Activity, Agar Well Diffusion Test, Zone of Inhibition
17
Chigozie, Celestina Ezeagha, Ogechukwu Ogbuebuna Jacinta, Nwanyioma Anozie Amara, Chuks Oranu Emmanuel, and Henrietta Nedum Chinenye. "Determination of the Phytochemical and Antimicrobial properties of Nauclea latifolia Root Smith. (Rubiaceae)." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 23, no. 2 (2023): 182–88. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8041513.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Nauclea latifolia </em>is a valuable medicinal plant for treating different ailments. Infectious diseases constitute a world health concern. This work describes the phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial properties of the root of <em>N. latifolia</em>. Collected root samples were extracted via cold maceration with methanol. The methanol crude extract was fractionated into n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fractions. Phytochemical analyses and antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract/ fractions were assessed using agar well diffusion method. Four different fractions were obtained from the methanol (crude) extract. The phytochemistry carried out showed the presence or absence of certain phytochemicals. The methanol (crude) extract and the different fractions had good antimicrobial properties. It was concluded that <em>N. latifolia</em> root revealed the presence of phytochemicals and has antimicrobial activity.
18
Esra, Demir, and Başbülbül Gamze. "Screening of Bacteriocin Production in Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Fermented Dairy Products." Biotechnology Journal International 18, no. 2 (2017): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJI/2017/33504.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Aims: </strong>In this study we aimed to screen LAB strains from different fermented dairy products by phenotypic and genotypic methods. <strong>Methodology:</strong> 138 LAB isolates belonging to <em>Enterococcus</em> (13,76%), <em>Lactococcus</em> (18,84%) and <em>Lactobacillus</em> (67,39%) genera from fermented dairy products were used to search for their bacteriocin production and bacteriocin encoding genes were searched. LAB isolates were screened by spot-on lawn assay method against indicator microorganisms. <em>Geobacillus stearothermophilus</em> DSMZ 22, <em>Escherichia coli</em> ATCC 35218, <em>Bacillus cereus</em>, <em>Listeria innocua</em>, <em>Listeria</em> <em>monocytogenes</em>, <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em>, <em>Micrococcus luteus</em>, <em>Lactococcus lactis</em> DSMZ 20729 and <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> DSMZ 20205. Cell-free supernatants (CFS) of LABs used for agar-well diffusion assay to confirm antibacterial activity. <strong>Results:</strong> All the LAB strains exhibited antibacterial activity against indicator bacteria at varying degrees by spot on lawn method. None of the CFS except one belong to positive control <em>Lactococcus lactis</em> DSMZ 20729 showed inhibitory effect by agar well diffusion assay. According to PCR results which used to investigate the bacteriocin genes of LAB’s , <em>ent</em>-A (5,07%), <em>ent</em>-B (2,17%), <em>lcn</em>-A (2,17%), and <em>pln</em> (1,44%) genes were detected in some of the isolates.
19
Desjardins, Michaël, Brigitte Lefebvre, Annie-Claude Labbé, et al. "Agar Gradient Diffusion Susceptibility Testing for Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A Reliable Alternative to Agar Dilution?" Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.105.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by agar dilution, the gold-standard for determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for N. gonorrhoeae, is a labor intensive technique usually performed in reference laboratories. Agar gradient diffusion is a simpler alternative to obtain MICs. However, correlation of N. gonorrhoeae MIC values obtained by the two methods is not well established. The objective of this study is to evaluate performance of agar gradient diffusion compared with agar dilution for N. gonorrhoeae. Methods Fifty strains of N. gonorrhoeae (34 isolates from clinical specimens; 14 WHO reference and two ATCC strains), all confirmed to be genetically distinct using molecular typing (NG-MAST), were selected. Isolates with known high MICs were targeted. Agar gradient diffusion MIC testing was done in a clinical laboratory on all strains for ceftriaxone, cefixime, and azithromycin while comparing two different commercial antimicrobial strips (bioMérieux, Alere) on three different culture media (BD, Oxoid, CLSI’s recommended medium). Agar dilution MIC testing according to CLSI was done at the Québec provincial reference laboratory on all strains. Performance of agar gradient diffusion was assessed by accuracy, using essential and categorical agreements, and by precision (reproducibility). Results When comparing agar dilution and agar gradient diffusion using bioMérieux strips on CLSI testing medium, essential agreements (within 1-log2 dilution) were 94, 88, and 82% for ceftriaxone, cefixime, and azithromycin, respectively. Categorical agreements were 100, 94, and 94%. Agar gradient diffusion, compared with agar dilution, had a tendency to under-estimate MIC for third-generation cephalosporins, not classifying 86% of isolates with decreased susceptibility (MIC 0.12–0.25 mg/l for ceftriaxone, 0.25 mg/l for cefixime) as such. Overall precision of agar gradient diffusion was 96%. Conclusion Agar gradient diffusion using bioMérieux strips on CLSI testing medium shows satisfactory accuracy compared with agar dilution for N. gonorrhoeae MIC testing of third-generation cephalosporins and azithromycin even in a carefully selected panel of strains. Disclosures M. Desjardins, bioMerieux: Research Contractor, Research support. BD: Research Contractor, Research support. Alere: Research Contractor, Research support. Oxoid: Research Contractor, Research support. C. Fortin, Alere: Research Contractor, Research support. bioMerieux: Research Contractor, Research support. BD: Research Contractor, Research support Oxoid: Research Contractor, Research support
20
Fagheei Aghmiyuni, Zeinab, Horieh Saderi, Parviz Owlia, and Navid Saidi. "Evaluation of the Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 Bacteriocin against Staphylococcus aureus." BioMed Research International 2024 (March 22, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/4119960.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Lactobacillus acidophilus is lactic acid bacteria that produce bacteriocins. Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides or proteins that exhibit activity against closely related bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 bacteriocin against Staphylococcus aureus. Material and Methods. We used four different phenotypic methods for antimicrobial activities against two standard strains: methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ATCC 33591 and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) ATCC 25923. The methods were (1) agar well diffusion, (2) overlay soft agar, (3) paper disk, and (4) modification of punch hole. The ammonium sulfate method was used to concentrate crude bacteriocin, and ultrafiltration and dialysis tubes were used to remove ammonium sulfate from the bacteriocins. Each method was repeated in triplicate. Result. L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 showed antimicrobial activity against both MRSA and MSSA standard strains only by the overlay soft agar method and not by the agar well diffusion, punch hole modification, and paper disk methods. No antimicrobial effects were observed in crude bacteriocins concentrated. Conclusion. The growth inhibition of S. aureus in overlay soft agar method may be due to the production of bacteriocin-like substances. The overlay soft agar method is a qualitative test, so there is a need for further study to optimize the conditions for the production of bacteriocin-like substances in the culture supernatant and precise comparison between the inhibitory activity and pheromone secretion of different strains.
21
Baluja, Shipra, Sumitra Chanda, Sushmita Ganguly, Swati Oza, and Kajal Nandha. "Synthesis and antimicrobial screening of some Schiff bases." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 3 (2019): 099–108. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4283231.
Full textAbstract:
Some new Schiff bases were synthesized from pyrazolo aldehydes and triazoles and their structures were confirmed by IR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, and Mass spectral data. All these synthesized compounds were tested <em>in vitro</em> for their antimicrobial potential in N, N-dimethyl formamide and dimethyl sulfoxide by agar well diffusion method. The antimicrobial strains were of Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacterial and fungal strains.
22
Azhari, A. Mohammed Nour. "Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Cultivated Medicinal Plants Citrus paradisi." Chemistry Research Journal 2, no. 2 (2017): 73–77. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13956279.
Full textAbstract:
Fruits are the main fruit trees grown throughout the world and are well–appreciated for their refreshing juice and health benefits. This study of <em>Citrus paradisi</em> (peels) of hexane, acetone and methanol extracts was carried out to show phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity. Plants and plant products are continuously being explored in medicine against the increasing number of antibiotic resistant organisms. The antibacterial activity of plant under study has been done by suing agar well diffusion method against bacteria. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of terpenoids , alkaloids , flavoniods , tannins , reducing sugars and glycosides. <em>Citrus paradisi</em> extracts at a concentration of 100 mg/ml was determined by agar well diffusion method against pathogenic microorganisms; (<em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, and<em> Staphylococus aureus</em>). The crude extract of<em> Citrus paradisi</em> was very active against<em> Bacillus subtilis</em> strains (IZ = 25 mm zone of inhibition). This study has shown that grape peels contain some antibiotic principles which may be explored for use in the treatment of certain diseases.
23
Kausar, Fatima *. Mohammad Ashwaq Hruday NadhReddy Motamari Pranathi Thati Susmitha. "PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING &EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIALACTIVITY OF CHONEMORPHA FRAGRANS AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENIC BACTERIA." Journal of Pharma Research 8, no. 5 (2019): 366–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3236727.
Full textAbstract:
<strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong> <strong><em>T</em></strong><em>he present study aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial efficiency of ethanolic leaf extracts of Chonemorpha fragrans, a medicinal plant against four human pathogenic bacteria like Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bacterial concentration. Chonemorpha fragrans showed significant activity against all pathogens with its ethanolic extract which showed maximum zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration against all the experimental strains.The phytochemical analysis carried out revealed the presence ofphytochemicals such as flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, gums, mucilage, phytosterols and saponins. The results provide justification for the use of the plant in folk medicine to treat various infectious diseases.Hence the use of plant extract with known antimicrobial properties can be of great significance in therapeutic treatments.</em> <strong><em>KEYWORDS:</em></strong><em> Antimicrobial activity, Chonemorpha fragrans, Agar well diffusion method, MIC, MBC, Zone of inhibition, Human pathogenic bacteria.</em>
24
Malhotra, S.P.K. and Mandal T.K. "Phytochemical screening and in vitro antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) leaf extract." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 3, no. 4 (2018): 367–72. https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2018.030406.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study was to investigate the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of <em>Moringa oleifera </em>Lam. belonging to family Moringaceae. Distilled water and ethanol was used to extract the bioactive compounds from the leaves of <em>M. oleifera </em>to detect the phytochemical constituents and to screen its antibacterial activity. The phytochemical constituents were screened by qualitative analysis method. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, phenols, etc., in leaf extract of <em>M. oleifera</em>. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of <em>M. oleifera</em> was examined against gram positive bacteria (<em>Staphylococcus aureus) </em>and gram negative bacteria (<em>Escherichia coli). </em>Antibacterial assay were done with ethanolic extract of <em>M. oleifera </em>in volumes 50, 100, 150 and 200 μL/well, using agar well diffusion method. The study showed that ethanolic extract of <em>M. oleifera </em>showed potent antibacterial activity against<em> S. Aureus </em>and <em>E. coli.</em>
25
Mkedder, Ilham, Waffa Bouali, and Hafida Hassaine. "Antibacterial Activity of Mucilage of Linum usitatissimum L. Seeds." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 11, no. 3 (2021): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.11(3).p305-310.
Full textAbstract:
Traditional medicine has a key role in health care worldwide; the research for antimicrobial agents from plants has been a growing interest in the last few decades. Several studies indicate the presence of potent antibacterial agents in the seeds of Linum usitatissimum L. In the present study, antibacte-rial properties of mucilage extract from Linum usitatissimum L. seeds were screened against against eight Gram positive and Gram negative pathogenic bacteria using agar well diffusion method and disk diffusion method. The extract showed good results against examined bacteria and the results ob-tained by agar well diffusion method were better than those obtained from disk diffusion method. The mucilage showed strong antibacterial properties against all strains tested except Listeria monocytogenes with; the diameter of the inhibition zones (IZD) varying from 8 to 12 mm.The results of this study suggested that the mucilage from L. usitatissimum L can be a source of natural antibacterial agent.
26
Bhat, Kishore G., and Triveni Mohan Nalawade. "Antimicrobial Activity of Endodontic Medicaments and Vehicles using Agar Well Diffusion Method on Facultative and Obligate Anaerobes." International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 9, no. 4 (2016): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1388.
Full text
27
Singh, Sudha, Shamim Ahmad, Devansh Mehta, and Shamsher Alam. "Antibacterial Activity in Pyrimidine Derivatives in Lab, Using Agar Well-diffusion Method - An Update on Novel Research." Pharmaceutical Science and Technology 3, no. 2 (2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.pst.20190302.12.
Full text
28
Lozano-Chiu, Mario, Page W. Nelson, Victor L. Paetznick, and John H. Rex. "Disk Diffusion Method for Determining Susceptibilities of Candida spp. to MK-0991." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 5 (1999): 1625–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.5.1625-1627.1999.
Full textAbstract:
We have developed an agar-based methodology for testing susceptibilities of Candida spp. to the new antifungal agent MK-0991, a glucan synthase inhibitor. Results obtained with this method correlated well with the results obtained by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M27-A broth microdilution reference method. However, as noted with prior comparisons of broth- and agar-based systems, some isolates yielded inhibition zones which were not consistent with the MICs obtained for them. Understanding the implications of these differences will require testing in an in vivo system.
29
Farias, DF, AFU Carvalho, CC Oliveira, et al. "Alternative method for quantification of alfa-amylase activity." Brazilian Journal of Biology 70, no. 2 (2010): 405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842010005000008.
Full textAbstract:
A modification of the sensitive agar diffusion method was developed for macro-scale determination of alfa-amylase. The proposed modifications lower costs with the utilisation of starch as substrate and agar as supporting medium. Thus, a standard curve was built using alfa-amylase solution from Aspergillus oryzae, with concentrations ranging from 2.4 to 7,500 U.mL-1. Clear radial diffusion zones were measured after 4 hours of incubation at 20 °C. A linear relationship between the logarithm of enzyme activities and the area of clear zones was obtained. The method was validated by testing α-amylase from barley at the concentrations of 2.4; 60; 300 and 1,500 U.mL-1. The proposed method turned out to be simpler, faster, less expensive and able to determine on a macro-scale α-amylase over a wide range (2.4 to 7,500 U.mL-1) in scientific investigation as well as in teaching laboratory activities.
30
Nalini, T. J., H. N. Ramesh Babu, N. Rajeshwari, K. Y. Prathibha, and E. Keshamma. "Assay of Antimicrobial Activity of Sida acuta (Burm. F.) by Well Diffusion Method." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (2022): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1109.021.
Full textAbstract:
Sida acuta is a shrub indigenous to pantropical regions. Sida acuta belongs to the mallow family, Malvaceae. The plant is widely used for its various pharmacological properties. Therefore, in the current study antifungal activity for leaf, stem and root extracts of Sida acuta were carried out. Ethanol (50%) was used successively for extraction of active principles from the dried powdered leaves, stem and root. The antifungal screening was done with two plant pathogens viz. Claviceps purpurea MTCC 2334 and Macrophemina phaseolina MTCC 10576 as test microorganisms. In the agar-well diffusion assay, highest zone of inhibition in diameters were recorded with leaf ethanol extracts of S. acuta. Among the plant extracts, leaf has shown better inhibitory activity against the test organisms followed by stem and root. Both microorganisms were markedly affected by all the three extracts under study. Findings of this study, therefore, showed that all parts of S. acuta, particularly the leaf, possessed antifungal property, and hence which can be used in development of fungicide.
31
İstanbullugil, Fatih Ramazan, and Mitat Şahin. "The Antimicrobial Effects of Kyrgyz Honey." Manas Journal of Agriculture Veterinary and Life Sciences 14, no. 1 (2024): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53518/mjavl.1472535.
Full textAbstract:
Honey is a sweet and versatile substance produced by the complex interactions between bees and flowers. Honey is not only a nutrient, but also a bee product with antibacterial properties. Kyrgyzstan's geographical location, including the Tien Shan and Altai mountains, has made it one of the most important beekeeping regions in Central Asia. The rich flora and natural environment of these regions give Kyrgyz honey unique properties. The aim of this study is the determination of the antibacterial activity of honey samples on sale in the Chuy region of Kyrgyzstan. In this context, the antimicrobial effects of different honeys against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were investigated using the agar-well diffusion and disc diffusion methods, with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of these methods. This study, conducted on white honey, buckwheat honey and three different multifloral honeys, provides important information for understanding the microbial effects of honey. Although the zones formed were more clearly visible when analysed using the agar-well diffusion method, it was found to be more sensitive than the disc diffusion method. As a result, it has been observed that different types of honey have different antimicrobial effects.
32
Iftikhar, Noreen, and Iqra Khalid. "Isolation and Characterization of Antibiotic-producing Bacteria from the Salt Range of Kallar Kahar, Pakistan." TSF Journal of Biology 1, no. 1 (2023): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.69547/tsfjb.v1i1.10.
Full textAbstract:
The emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria has heightened the need for new antibiotics. Streptomycetes are filamentous gram-positive bacteria that are ubiquitous and present in saline soil and produce antibiotics as secondary metabolites under stressful conditions. Naturally, Streptomyces produce over two-thirds of antibiotics that are used clinically. Saline soil was collected from Kallar Kahar, Pakistan. The soil sample was serially diluted and three dilutions were plated on Streptomyces selection media (starch-casein agar and glucose yeast malt agar) after growing the culture, pure colonies were selected based on their morphological features and subsequently examined using Gram-staining. The antimicrobial activity of two selected strains (P1 and P2) was evaluated using the agar plug method and agar well diffusion method against both gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) pathogenic bacteria. In the agar plug method, the clear zone of inhibitions was not clearly visible against the test bacteria. The zone of inhibitions were only observed in agar well diffusion assay in which the P1 strain exhibited a diameter of 0.6mm against E. coli and 0.75mm against B. subtilis and the P2 strain showed antibacterial activity only against E. coli with a diameter of 0.75mm. The results were not significant, these slight zones of inhibition warrant further improvements in methods for isolation and purification of antibiotic-producing bacteria. Such methods should aim to enhance the efficiency of antibiotics.
33
Antari, Made Juli, Ni Nyoman Puspawati, and Putu Ari Sandhi Wipradnyadewi. "AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA BAKTERI ASAM LAKTAT DARI AIR SUSU IBU (ASI) TERHADAP Listeria monocytogenes FNCC 0156." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan (ITEPA) 9, no. 1 (2020): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/itepa.2020.v09.i01.p12.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the research was to find the potency of Lactic Acid Bacteria isolated from breast milk on inhibiting Listeria monocytogenes FNCC 0156 and to find the magnitude of lactic acid bacteria from breast milk in inhibiting L. monocytogenes FNCC 0156. This reseach consists of two phase: antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria from breast milk and activity of bacteriocin against L. monocytogenes FNCC 0156. Isolate used in this research was A1, A3, A6, A8, A9, B3, B7, B8, and B10b. Antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria from breast milk against L. monocytogenes FNCC 0156 was performed cell free supernatant, cell free neutral supernatant, and cell free neutral heated supernatant. The test was performed by well-agar diffusion method and contact method. The activity of bacteriocin was carried out according to the optimum incubation time of bacteriocin production in cell free heated neutral supernatant. The highest antimicrobial activity was supernatant treatment by well-agar diffusion method and contact method showed by isolate A1 with inhibition diameter of 10.60 mm and a decrease of 1.66 log cycle. The highest antimicrobial activity was neutral supernatant treatment by well-agar diffusion method and contact method showed by isolate B8 with inhibition diameter of 5.11 mm and increased only by 0.18 log cycle. The highest antimicrobial activity on the heated neutral supernatant treatment by well-agar diffusion method and contact method showed by isolate A6 with inhibition diameter of 0.85 mm and a decrease of 0.48 log cycle. The two isolates of cell free neutral heated supernatant treatment was isolate A6 and isolate B8 suspected to have bacteriocin compounds was then continued with isolation of bacteriocin. The result of the second phase showed that optimum time for bacteriocin production of isolate A6 was 36 hours and B8 was 60 hours. The highest antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin was showen by isolate A6 with an average inhibition diameter of 5.36 mm, followed by B8 with an average inhibition diameter of 2.44 mm.
 Keywords: lactic acid bacteria, breast milk, Listeria monocytogenes FNCC 0156, antimicrobial activity, bacteriocin
34
Samaraweera, Thumuli, Thummini Samaraweera, Nimesha Senadeera, and Chathuranga B. Ranaweera. "Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Endemic Jeffreycia zeylanica Plant Found in Sri Lanka." South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology 16, no. 1 (2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2023/v16i1296.
Full textAbstract:
Aims: Determination of antibacterial efficacy of aqueous, methanol, dichloromethane, and hexane extracts from Jeffreycia zeylanica leaves against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
 Methodology: Completely ballooned leaves of J. zeylanica were gathered, air-dried, and milled into fine powder. Then macerated in all four selected solvents for about 1-2 weeks, the extracts were obtained by vacuum evaporation under reduced pressure. Antibacterial activity was performed against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) using the agar well diffusion method and disc diffusion method. The positive control utilized was Gentamicin. The inhibitory zone's diameter (in mm) was measured and noted. The entire experiment was done in triplicates.
 Results: Findings from the study indicated that methanolic leaves extract (EC50 39.03mg/mL) had the highest effectiveness and potency against S. aureus using agar well diffusion method and, methanolic leaves extract (EC50 2.301mg/mL) had the highest effectiveness and potency against S. aureus using agar disc diffusion method.
 Conclusion: This study designates that, leaves of J. zeylanica have potential antibacterial activity using aqueous, methanol, Dichloromethane(DCM), and hexane extracts. Among them methanolic extract showed the highest activity indicating the highest inhibition zones and the most susceptible organism is S. aureus. Additional study is required to understand the mechanism and active ingredients behind the antibacterial activity of further plant sections.
35
Lehtinen, Markku, Eila Pelttari, and Hannu Elo. "Antimicrobial Activity of Formylchromones: Detection by a Micro-Scale Method." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 66, no. 11-12 (2011): 562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2011-11-1205.
Full textAbstract:
We report the antimicrobial activity of formylchromones. These compounds are remote structural analogues of nalidixic acid and quinolone antibiotics, and their activity was investigated by a simple micro-scale method designed for the determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of drug candidates and antibiotics against aerobic bacteria and yeasts. Minimal bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations (MBC and MFC, respectively) were also determined in connection with the MIC determinations. The results obtained were compared with those obtained using classical agar diffusion methodology. In the MIC method, deep-well micro-titration plates are used, covered by silicone sealing mats that allow diffusion of oxygen to the wells. The appropriate broth is pipetted into the wells, followed by a standardized microbial suspension (except for sterile controls) and a dilution series of the test substance or control antibiotic or a mere control solvent. The use of white nontransparent polypropylene plates allows easy visual inspection of microbial growth. For the MBC and MFC methods, samples are taken from all wells that contain a test substance or control antibiotic and do not display growth in the MIC test. The samples are streaked on agar plates, the liquid is allowed to absorb into the agar, and finally the microbes are spread all over the plate with a bent rod. Colony counts are compared with that of the untreated microbial suspension at the beginning of the MIC test. The MIC method is suitable for high-throughput screening
36
Mirtaghi, Seyedeh Masoumeh, Parisa Torbati Nejad, Masoumeh Mazandarani, Fasiheh Livani, and Hanieh Bagheri. "Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Urtica dioica L. Leaf Ethanolic Extract Using Agar Well Diffusion and Disc Diffusion Methods." Medical Laboratory Journal 10, no. 5 (2016): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.mlj.10.5.15.
Full text
37
Burns, Jane L., Lisa Saiman, Susan Whittier, et al. "Comparison of Agar Diffusion Methodologies for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 5 (2000): 1818–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.5.1818-1822.2000.
Full textAbstract:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common pathogen infecting the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Improved antimicrobial chemotherapy has significantly increased the life expectancy of these patients. However, accurate susceptibility testing of P. aeruginosa isolates from CF sputum may be difficult because the organisms are often mucoid and slow growing. This study of 597 CF isolates of P. aeruginosa examined the correlation of disk diffusion and Etest (AB BIODISK, Solna, Sweden) results with a reference broth microdilution method. The rates of interpretive errors for 12 commonly used antipseudomonal antimicrobials were determined. The disk diffusion method correlated well (zone diameter versus MIC) for all of the agents tested. However, for mucoid isolates, correlation coefficients (r values) for piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and meropenem were <0.80. The Etest correlation with reference broth microdilution results (MIC versus MIC) was acceptable for all of the agents tested, for both mucoid and nonmucoid isolates. Category interpretation errors were similar for the disk diffusion and Etest methods with 0.4 and 0.1%, respectively, very major errors (false susceptibility) and 1.1 and 2.2% major errors (false resistance). Overall, both agar diffusion methods appear to be broadly acceptable for routine clinical use in susceptibility testing of CF isolates of P. aeruginosa.
38
Silva, Beatriz Nunes, Olga María Bonilla-Luque, Arícia Possas, et al. "Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Antimicrobial Capacity of Extracts and Essential Oils of Syzygium aromaticum, Citrus L. and Origanum L.: Contrasting the Results of Different Antimicrobial Susceptibility Methods." Foods 12, no. 6 (2023): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12061265.
Full textAbstract:
Diffusion methods, including agar disk-diffusion and agar well-diffusion, as well as dilution methods such as broth and agar dilution, are frequently employed to evaluate the antimicrobial capacity of extracts and essential oils (EOs) derived from Origanum L., Syzygium aromaticum, and Citrus L. The results are reported as inhibition diameters (IDs) and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), respectively. In order to investigate potential sources of variability in antimicrobial susceptibility testing results and to assess whether a correlation exists between ID and MIC measurements, meta-analytical regression models were built using in vitro data obtained through a systematic literature search. The pooled ID models revealed varied bacterial susceptibilities to the extracts and in some cases, the plant species and methodology utilised impacted the measurements obtained (p < 0.05). Lemon and orange extracts were found to be most effective against E. coli (24.4 ± 1.21 and 16.5 ± 0.84 mm, respectively), while oregano extracts exhibited the highest level of effectiveness against B. cereus (22.3 ± 1.73 mm). Clove extracts were observed to be most effective against B. cereus and demonstrated the general trend that the well-diffusion method tends to produce higher ID (20.5 ± 1.36 mm) than the disk-diffusion method (16.3 ± 1.40 mm). Although the plant species had an impact on MIC, there is no evidence to suggest that the methodology employed had an effect on MIC (p > 0.05). The ID–MIC model revealed an inverse correlation (R2 = 47.7%) and highlighted the fact that the extract dose highly modulated the relationship (p < 0.0001). The findings of this study encourage the use of extracts and EOs derived from Origanum, Syzygium aromaticum, and Citrus to prevent bacterial growth. Additionally, this study underscores several variables that can impact ID and MIC measurements and expose the correlation between the two types of results.
39
Missoun, Fatiha, Antonia Pérez de los Ríos, Víctor Ortiz-Martínez, María José Salar-García, Jesús Hernández-Fernández, and Francisco José Hernández-Fernández. "Discovering Low Toxicity Ionic Liquids for Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Using the Agar Well Diffusion Test." Processes 8, no. 9 (2020): 1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8091163.
Full textAbstract:
Ionic liquids (ILs) are new solvents widely used in many technologies due to their unique and advantageous physicochemical properties. In biotechnological applications, ILs can be used along with microorganisms such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Due to the enormous number of ILs that can be synthesized through the combination of different anions and cations, it is necessary to have an easy and quick tool for the preliminary screening of their biocompatibility for being used in biotechnological applications. In this work, the agar well diffusion test was successfully applied as a rapid method to identify toxic/nontoxic ILs toward S. cerevisiae. Sixty-three ILs containing a diverse set of cations and anions were used. Through this methodology, nine fully biocompatible ILs toward S. cerevisiae were identified, including: [Bmim+] [NO3−], [HOPmim+] [NO3−], [Bmim+] [NTf2−], [N8,8,8,1+] [NTf2−], [S2,2,2+] [NTf2−], [EMPyr+] [NTf2−], [BMPi+] [NTf2−], [Moxa+] [MeSO4−] and [Chol+] [H2PO4−]. The analysis of the results also provides preliminary rules to enable the design of biocompatible ILs with S. cerevisiae. In this context, the toxicity was mainly determined by the cation nature although some anions can also display a strong influence on the IL biocompatibility as the bistriflimide anion. Besides, it was observed that an increase in the alkyl chain length of cations, such as imidazolium or pyridinium, involves an increase in the IL toxicity.
40
Bouacha, M., S. Besnaci, and I. Boudiar. "An Overview of the Most Used Methods to Determine the In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Honey." Acta Microbiologica Bulgarica 39, no. 1 (2023): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.59393/amb23390104.
Full textAbstract:
Since ancient times, honey has been successfully used for the treatment of several infectious diseases. The objective of this review is to evaluate the different methods used in the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of honey. Several bioassays, such as disk diffusion method, well diffusion method, and broth or agar dilution method are commonly used as they do not require specific equipment. This article reviews the simple and efficient methods to evaluate the antibacterial activity of honey or any other products, such as new synthetic substances (antibiotics) or extracts of medicinal plants, essential oils, or microorganisms producing antibacterial substances.
41
Maxime, Benedict Paguirigan Tirol, Augustine Autor Bajao Francis, Guillena Biwang Pamela, et al. "Evaluation of antibacterial property and phytochemical composition of the crude ethanolic extract from Kalingag (Cinnamomum mercadoi) barks." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 28, no. 1 (2024): 156–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13457970.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Cinnamomum mercadoi</em>, locally known as Kalingag, is a native plant of the Philippines that has limited studies despite its long use in traditional Philippine medicine due to its indigenous origin. This study examined the phytochemical composition and antibacterial activities of a crude ethanolic extract derived from Kalingag barks. The plant bark gathered from Davao Oriental was thoroughly rinsed with distilled water to eliminate any attached dirt, oven-dried for 6 hours, and then pulverized using a Wiley mill. The bark was then subjected to Soxhlet extraction, and the pooled extracts were concentrated for 5 hours at 40°C to produce a green, syrupy substance. The extract was tested qualitatively, followed by FTIR analysis to confirm the results, before being subjected to the agar well diffusion method to evaluate its antibacterial properties against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em>. The phytochemical evaluation and subsequent FTIR analysis revealed that the extract contained various phytochemicals, including glycosides, tannins, phytosterols, and terpenoids. The antibacterial testing revealed concentration-dependent inhibition that could be improved by purifying or isolating specific compounds from the extract. Additional research into other plant parts is suggested to enhance its biomedical and therapeutic applications.
42
Maxime, Benedict Paguirigan Tirol, Augustine Autor Bajao Francis, Guillena Biwang Pamela, et al. "Evaluation of antibacterial property and phytochemical composition of the crude ethanolic extract from Kalingag (Cinnamomum mercadoi) barks." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 28, no. 1 (2024): 156–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13457970.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Cinnamomum mercadoi</em>, locally known as Kalingag, is a native plant of the Philippines that has limited studies despite its long use in traditional Philippine medicine due to its indigenous origin. This study examined the phytochemical composition and antibacterial activities of a crude ethanolic extract derived from Kalingag barks. The plant bark gathered from Davao Oriental was thoroughly rinsed with distilled water to eliminate any attached dirt, oven-dried for 6 hours, and then pulverized using a Wiley mill. The bark was then subjected to Soxhlet extraction, and the pooled extracts were concentrated for 5 hours at 40°C to produce a green, syrupy substance. The extract was tested qualitatively, followed by FTIR analysis to confirm the results, before being subjected to the agar well diffusion method to evaluate its antibacterial properties against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em>. The phytochemical evaluation and subsequent FTIR analysis revealed that the extract contained various phytochemicals, including glycosides, tannins, phytosterols, and terpenoids. The antibacterial testing revealed concentration-dependent inhibition that could be improved by purifying or isolating specific compounds from the extract. Additional research into other plant parts is suggested to enhance its biomedical and therapeutic applications.
43
Eissa, Dalia Essam, Engy Refaat Rashed, and Mostafa Essam Eissa. "Suitability System of Microbiological Method for Nystatin Potency Determination in the Routine Analysis Using Agar Diffusion Method." SciMedicine Journal 3, no. 4 (2021): 302–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/scimedj-2021-0304-2.
Full textAbstract:
Nystatin is a polyene macrolide antifungal active which is used for the treatment of candidiasis and obtained from some species of Streptomycesbacteria. The present work describes the statistical suitability analysis for regular monitoring of the agar diffusion bioassay in a simple, inexpensive and time-saving process before potency determination. A balanced (symmetrical) two-dose parallel line assay model was applied using the agar well diffusion method for quantification of Nystatin in raw material and finished medicinal dosage form. The routine inspection methodology yielded good results and included calculations by the linear parallel model and by means of regression analysis and verified using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The assay is based on the inhibitory effect of Nystatin upon a standard strain as described in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). The results of the post validation regular assays were treated statistically by ANOVA and the deviations (expressed as average ± standard deviation) from both raw and column totals were 0.702 ± 0.476 and 0.865 ± 0.468, respectively. The mean value of the variance ratio for regression and parallelism squares were 534.349 ± 212.546 and 0.596 ± 0.345, respectively. The study of Nystatin's ongoing analysis showed that the microbiological assay design is satisfactory with respect to the limiting values for the determination of the potency. The established balanced parallel line assay is reasonably stable and suitable and can be used for the regular drug analysis in routine quality control testing and the quantitation of Nystatin in pharmaceutical dosage form and raw material. Doi: 10.28991/SciMedJ-2021-0304-2 Full Text: PDF
44
Di Bonaventura, Giovanni, Evandro Ricci, Nicoletta Della Loggia, Giovanni Catamo, and Raffaele Piccolomini. "Evaluation of the E Test for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Patients with Long-Term Bladder Catheterization." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 3 (1998): 824–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.3.824-826.1998.
Full textAbstract:
The E test was evaluated in comparison with reference agar methods (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards) for the susceptibility testing of 248 Pseudomonas aeruginosaisolates from bladder-catheterized patients against nine antibiotics. The E-test MICs correlated well with those determined by the agar dilution and disk diffusion reference methods (88 and 92.5% within 1 log2 dilution step, respectively), confirming that the E test is a reliable method for the determination of MICs of antibiotics for catheterization-associated P. aeruginosa isolates.
45
Al-Mahdi, Abdulla Yahia. "Isolation and Identification of Bioactive Actinomycete Isolates from Yemen Soils." Thamar University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences 4, no. 4 (2023): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.59167/tujnas.v4i4.1297.
Full textAbstract:
A total of 50 actinomycete isolates were isolated from different locations in Yemen (Sana’a, Taiz, Ibb and Alhodida). Agar disc diffusion method that used for screening antibacterial and antifungal activities were more effective and give better results than agar well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity of isolates was more effective than antifungal activity. All five selected isolates for study were active against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Microsporium canis. According to taxonomy of actinomycetes (Morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomy characters), all selected isolates were identified as members belonging to genus Streptomyces (S. glaucescenes, S. luridus, S. antibioticus, S. exfoliatus and S. filipinensis).
46
Adeyemi, Adeyemo I., Omotunlese I. Vincent, and Oni M. Olujenyo. "Phytochemical screening and antifungal activity of Chromolaena odorata extracts against isolate of Phytophthora megakarya using agar-well diffusion method." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 4, no. 1 (2018): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v4i1.36815.
Full textAbstract:
In-vitro study of Chromolaena odorata extracts was determined against isolated Phytophthora megakarya for the purpose of investigating the antifungal activity of ethanolic, cold-water and warm-water extracts of the medicinal plant against Phytophthora megakarya. Their antifungal effects were assessed with agar-well diffusion methods. Phytochemical screening and minimum inhibitory concentrations of the extracts were also determined. A qualitative phytochemical analysis of the extracts showed the presence of biologically active constituents such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, sterols, amino acid and glycosinulate. Results showed that antifungal effects of Chromolaena odorata against Phytophthora megakarya were most efficient by ethanolic extracts, followed by extract of cold-water while hot water extract had no visible antifungal effect. Zones of clearance range from 15.00 mm to 32.00 mm using ethanolic extractions with concentrations from 1% to 5% while zones of clearance using cold water extract was from 5.00 mm to 30.00 mm with varying concentrations of 1% to 5%. The negative control using sterile distilled water showed no inhibitory effect on Phytophthora megakarya while 41.00 mm zone of clearance was observed in the positive control test using Metalaxyl and cuprous oxide-containing synthetic fungicide. This study provides a scientific confirmation of the use of Chromolaena odorata against cocoa pod infections by some local farmers.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2018, 4(1): 7-13
47
Vaishnav, Virendra, Debasish Sahoo, and Tanushree Chatterjee. "IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF STEM AND ROOT OF RAUWOLFIA SERPENTINA AGAINST DIFFERENT BACTERIA." International Research Journal Of Pharmacy 12, no. 6 (2021): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.1206148.
Full textAbstract:
Medicinal Plants are the good source of natural antimicrobial agents. The main aim of present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of stem and root of Rauwolfia serpentina against six microorganism, Powdered stem and root of plant were extracted with acetone, chloroform and methanol and streptomycin used as positive control. The antibacterial activity of Rauwolfia serpentine was detected by using disc diffusion method and agar well diffusion method on the following bacteria- Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus fusiformis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. luminescens. The experiment reported that R. serpentina Root methanol extract shown 14.86 ± 1.11 highest antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa through well diffusion method. Whereas root chloroform recorded 13.46 ± 1.28 highest antibacterial activity against E. coli through disc diffusion method, maximum zone of inhibition 22.66±0.52 mm was found for the positive control, streptomycin through well diffusion method. Further studies should be undertaken to reveal the correct mechanism of action of antimicrobial effect to identify the active ingredients which can be used in drug development program.
48
Greenfield, Edward A. "Determining the Class and Subclass of a Monoclonal Antibody by Ouchterlony Double-Diffusion Assays." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2022, no. 5 (2022): pdb.prot103218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot103218.
Full textAbstract:
Originally, the Ouchterlony double-diffusion assays were the most common method for determining the class and subclass of a monoclonal antibody, and they still are useful, particularly when only a few assays will be performed. A sample of hybridoma tissue culture supernatant is placed in a well in a bed of agar, and class- and subclass-specific antisera are placed in other wells in a ring surrounding the test antibody. As the antibodies diffuse into the agar, they meet and multimeric immune complexes precipitate to form a visible “precipitin line.”
49
CHARTERIS, WILLIAM P., PHILLIP M. KELLY, LORENZO MORELLI, and J. KEVIN COLLINS. "Gradient Diffusion Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Potentially Probiotic Lactobacilli." Journal of Food Protection 64, no. 12 (2001): 2007–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-64.12.2007.
Full textAbstract:
Minimum inhibitory contentrations (MICs) of selected inhibitors of cell wall synthesis (benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, and vancomycin), protein synthesis (gentamicin, streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin), and nucleic acid synthesis (co-trimoxazole, rifampicin, and metronidazole) were determined by gradient diffusion (E test; AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden) on deMan, Rogosa, Sharpe (MRS) agar for Lactobacillus strain GG and 11 closely related, rapidly growing, facultatively anaerobic, potentially probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains. All strains were resistant to vancomycin (MIC90 ≥256 μg/ml), co-trimoxazole (MIC90 ≥32 μg/ml), metronidazole (MIC90 ≥32 μg/ml), gentamicin (MIC90 ≥128 μg/ml), and streptomycin (MIC90 ≥256 μg/ml), and sensitive to pencillin G (MIC90 &gt;0.375 μg/ml), ampicillin (MIC90 &gt;0.750 μg/ml), rifampicin (MIC90 &gt;0.375 μg/ml), tetracycline (MIC90 &gt;1.5 μg/ml), chloramphenicol (MIC90 &gt;8 μg/ml), and erythromycin (MIC90 &gt;2 μg/ml). E test MICs were also determined for L. acidophilus National Collection of Food Bacteria (NCFB) 1748 and L. reuteri Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen 20016T by the inoculum application method recommended by the manufacturer (swabbing), with and without antibiotic prediffusion for 1 h at room temperature, and by an alternative inoculum application (agar overlay) method, without antibiotic prediffusion. Antibiotic prediffusion increased the MICs for penicillin G, ampicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol by up to 2 log2 MIC dilutions without changing antibiotic susceptibility category. Agar overlay application also increased the MICs for these antibiotics as well as for gentamicin by up to 3 log2 MIC dilutions without changing antibiotic susceptibility category. Exact agreement between MICs determined by swab and agar overlay application without antibiotic prediffusion was strain dependent: 54.5% for strain DSM 20016T and 72.7% for strain NCFB 1748. The swab and agar overlay gradient diffusion methods provide a reliable basis for antibiotic susceptibility testing of rapidly growing, facultatively anaerobic lactobacilli, using MRS agar as test medium and are readily applicable for testing individual isolates as needed.
50
Almutairi, Salem Rashed, Bander Shehail Alshammeri, and Anas sulaiman a. aldakhili. "The Combating Impact of Biogenic Silver Nano Particles and Antibiotics on Combating Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas." Journal of Community Pharmacy Practice, no. 34 (July 15, 2023): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jcpp.34.12.26.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to assess the synergistic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in combination with different antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR P. aeruginosa) infections. A total of 120 surgical or burn wound samples were collected from a tertiary care hospital. The samples were cultured on cetrimide agar plates and then heated to 370 degrees Celsius. The isolates were identified based on colony shape, Gram's staining, and various biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique according to CLSI 2022 recommendations. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were also determined. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was evaluated using the agar well diffusion technique and the microdilution method. The synergistic effect of antibiotics and AgNPs was assessed using the Checkerboard method. Out of the 120 samples, 46 (38.8%) were confirmed as positive for P. aeruginosa, and among them, 33 were identified as MDR P. aeruginosa. Seven representative isolates were selected for further analysis. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs showed a maximum zone of inhibition of 12mm at 4mg/ml and a minimum of 2.5mm at 1mg/ml using the agar well diffusion method. The MIC and MBC of AgNPs indicated that all isolates were inhibited at a concentration of 250mg/ml. The Checkerboard results revealed that colistin and gentamicin exhibited complete synergism with AgNPs, while ciprofloxacin showed partial synergism with AgNPs.