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Lufi, Dubi, and Iris Haimov. "Effects of age on attention level: changes in performance between the ages of 12 and 90." Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 26, no. 6 (November 14, 2018): 904–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13825585.2018.1546820.
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Wulandari, H. F., and Kemas Firman. "Sonographic measurement of splenic length in children at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital." Paediatrica Indonesiana 45, no. 3 (October 10, 2016): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi45.3.2005.123-6.
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Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the 10 th and90 th percentiles and medians of normal splenic lengths of Indone-sian children at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital by ultrasonogra-phy using a method introduced by Rosenberg et al .Methods The maximum splenic length was obtained in longitudi-nal coronal plane with the splenic hilum visualized. The age of thepatients were recorded. The medians and 10 th and 90 th percen-tiles for each age group were determined.Results Sixty-nine boys and 46 girls were examined at our institu-tion. The youngest subject was one month old and the oldest was15 years old. The 10 th percentile, median, and 90 th percentilesplenic length in the 1-3 months age group were 3.421 cm, 3.795cm, and 4.343 cm, respectively. In the 3-6 month age group thesemeasurements were 3.689 cm, 4.29 cm, and 5.094 cm, respec-tively; in the 6-12 month age group 4.016 cm, 4.72 cm, and 5.366cm, respectively; in the 1-2 years age group 4.558 cm, 5.04 cm,and 5.502 cm, respectively; in the 2-4 year age group 5.151 cm,6.225 cm, and 6.816 cm, respectively; in the 4-6 year age group5.774 cm, 6.415 cm, and 7.82 cm, respectively; in the 6-8 year agegroup 6.077 cm, 7.505 cm, and 8.228 cm, respectively; in the 8-10years age group 6.354 cm, 7.77 cm, and 8.602 cm, respectively;in the 10-12 years age group 6.354 cm, 7.77 cm, and 8.602 cm,respectively; and in the 12-15 year age group 7.934 cm, 9 cm, and9.919 cm, respectively. In all age groups, the 10 th percentiles,medians, and 90 th percentiles were smaller than those of Ameri-can children as reported by Rosenberg et al.Conclusion The normal splenic lengths of Indonesian childrenare smaller than those of American children as reported byRosenberg et al.
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Tipton, Jessie E., Linda K. Lewis, Ralph E. Ricks, Sebastian Maresca, Sebastian Lopez Valiente, and Nathan M. Long. "The Effects of Age at Weaning and Length of Lipid Supplementation on Growth, Metabolites, and Marbling of Young Steers." Animals 10, no. 10 (October 6, 2020): 1819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10101819.
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The objective of this study was to determine how weaning age, days on supplements, and lipid supplementation affected the growth and marbling deposition of steers. Steers from a single sire were early weaned (n = 24) at 150 ± 11 days of age or traditionally weaned (n = 24) at 210 ± 11 days of age. Steers were assigned to control (n = 12/weaning group) or an isocaloric, isonitrogenous rumen by-pass lipid (RBL, n = 12/weaning group) for either 45 (n = 6/treatment) or 90 (n=6/treatment) days then harvested. Steer body weight (BW) was recorded on days −14 and −7, then BW and blood samples were collected on days 0, 22, 45, 66, and 90. The right rib section of each animal was collected for proximate analysis. Longissimus dorsi from RBL steers had increased lipids compared with control steers (3.6 ± 0.2 vs. 2.4 ± 0.2% on a wet basis; p < 0.0001). Steers fed for 90 days had greater (p = 0.02) concentrations of Longissimus dorsi lipid (3.3 ± 0.2%) than those fed for 45 days (2.7 ± 0.2%). There was a weaning age by treatment by days on feed interaction for intramuscular adipocyte diameter (p = 0.02) in which early weaned RBL fed for 90 days steers had an increased adipocyte diameter compared to the early weaned control fed for 90 and early weaned fed for 45 days steers with all other treatment groups as intermediates. Supplementation of RBL increased concentrations of C18:2, C20:4, and total fatty acids on days 45 and 90 (p ≤ 0.05). Data show that RBL supplementation increased the marbling content of the Longissimus dorsi. Furthermore, a longer period of supplementation resulted in increased adipose diameter.
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Pratiwi, Febricilla Citra, Titis Widowati, and Endy Paryanto Prawirohartono. "Comparison of nutritional status among children with biliary atresia according to age at the time of Kasai procedure." Paediatrica Indonesiana 59, no. 6 (November 20, 2019): 294–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi59.6.2019.294-7.
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Background Recent studies revealed better outcomes among children with biliary atresia (BA) who underwent Kasai procedure at 60 to 90 days of age. Delayed Kasai procedure has a high risk of complications, including nutritional deficits which lead to malnutrition.
Objective To determine the nutritional status of children with BA according to age at the time of Kasai procedure.
Methods Using medical records, we conducted a retrospective study in children with BA based on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) or intraoperative cholangiography, who were admitted between 2015 to 2017 and underwent Kasai surgery at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta. Nutritional status was evaluated on the day before Kasai procedure, and classified into 4 groups of subjects based on age at the time the children underwent Kasai procedure (<60 days, 60-90 days, >90-120 days, and >120 days). Normal distribution data was analyzed with Saphiro-Wilk test and mean T-test was used to compare mean age at the time of Kasai procedure between groups of well-nourished and malnourished subjects.
Results A total of 39 children with BA underwent Kasai procedure. Of 3 children who underwent Kasai procedure at <60 days of age, 2 were well-nourished and 1 was malnourished. Of the 12 children who underwent Kasai procedure at 60-90 days of age, 6 were well-nourished and 6 were malnourished. Of the 7 children who underwent Kasai procedure at >90-120 days of age, 4 were well-nourished and 3 were malnourished. Of 17 children who underwent Kasai procedure at >120 days of age, 5 were well-nourished and 12 were malnourished. The means of age at the time of Kasai procedure were higher in malnourished subject than well-nourished.
Conclusion The highest prevalence of malnourishment is seen in children with biliary atresia who underwent Kasai procedure at >120 days of age.
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TSIKLIRAS, A. C., and K. I. STERGIOU. "Age at maturity of Mediterranean marine fishes." Mediterranean Marine Science 16, no. 1 (July 23, 2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.659.
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In this review we collected data on the age at maturity (tm) and maximum reported age (tmax) for 235 stocks of Mediterranean marine fishes, belonging to 82 species, 37 families, 12 orders and 2 classes (Actinopterygii and Elasmobranchii). Among Actinopterygii (mean tm ± SD = 2.20 ± 1.43 y, n = 215), tm ranged from 0.3 y, for the common goby Pomatoschistus microps, to 12 y, for dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus, while among Elasmobranchii (mean tm ± SD = 5.94 ± 2.47 y, n = 20), tm ranged between 2.7 y, for brown ray Raja miraletus, and 12 y for picked dogfish Squalus acanthias. Overall, the tmax ranged between 1 y, for transparent goby Aphia minuta, and 70 y, for wreckfish Polyprion americanus. The mean tmax of Actinopterygii (tmax ± SD = 10.14 ± 9.42 y) was lower than that of Elasmobranchii (tmax ± SD = 14.05 ± 8.47 y). The tm exhibited a strong positive linear relation with tmax for both Actinopterygii (logtm = 0.58 ´ logtmax – 0.25, r2 = 0.51, P < 0.001) and Elasmobranchii (logtm = 0.67 ´ logtmax – 0.006, r2 = 0.51, P = 0.007). The mean tm/tmax did not differ significantly with sex within Actinopterygii (ANOVA: F = 0.27, P = 0.60, n = 90; females: mean ± SD = 0.276 ± 0.143; males: mean ± SD = 0.265 ± 0.138) and Elasmobranchii (ANOVA: F = 1.44, P = 0.25, n = 10; females: mean ± SD = 0.499 ± 0.166; males: mean ± SD = 0.418 ± 0.133). Finally, the dimensionless ratio tm/tmax was significantly lower (ANOVA: F = 31.04, P < 0.001) for Actinopterygii (mean ± SD = 0.270 ± 0.135, n = 180) than for Elasmobranchii, (mean ± SD = 0.458 ± 0.152, n = 20), when stocks with combined sexes were excluded from the analysis.
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Lee, Myeong Soo, Seong Min Jeong, Sang Woo Oh, Hoon Ryu, and Hun-Taeg Chung. "Effects of ChunDoSunBup Qi-training on Psychological Adjustments: A Cross-sectional Study." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 26, no. 02 (January 1998): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x98000270.
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This cross-sectional investigation evaluated the trend of psychological changes by ChunDoSunBup (CDSB) Qi-training using a self-report inventory of emotional distress, Symptom Check List-90-Revision (SCL-90-R). 41 normal healthy subjects (mean age = 20.98 ± 5.39) and 123 CDSB Qi-trainees (divided into three groups, Q1, Q2 and Q3) participated in this study. Group Q1 has received 1-4 months CDSB Qi-training (age 21.95 ± 7.82, n = 41); Q2 has 5-12 months Qi-training (age 20.0 ± 7.75, n = 41); and Q3 has more than 13 months Qi-training (age 22.68 ± 6.72, n = 41). Our results show that Qi-trainees over 13 months had significantly lower scores compared to controls. A significant negative correlation was found between the Qi-training period and all SCL-90-R subscales except phobic anxiety. These results suggest that CDSB Qi-training is effective in protection as well as reduction of psychological symptomatology.
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Reznik, G. M. "IN MEMORY OF PROFESSOR V.M. KAMENKOVICH G. M. Reznik." Journal of Oceanological Research 49, no. 2 (September 1, 2021): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/1564-2291.jor-2021.49(2).15.
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On June 12, 2021, at the age of 90, a prominent Russian oceanographer, one of the founders of modern geophysical fluid dynamics, professor, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Vladimir Moiseevich Kamenkovich passed away.
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Tsang, Erica S., Jonathan M. Loree, Janine M. Davies, Sharlene Gill, David Liu, Stephen Ho, Daniel J. Renouf, Howard J. Lim, and Hagen F. Kennecke. "Efficacy and Prognostic Factors for Y-90 Radioembolization (Y-90) in Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors with Liver Metastases." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2020 (November 23, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5104082.
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Background. Yttrium-90 (Y-90) can be an effective liver-directed therapy for patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), but population-based data are limited. We characterized the use of Y-90 in NET patients and identified factors associated with response. Methods. We identified 49 patients with metastatic liver-dominant NETs across BC Cancer’s six regional centres who received Y-90 between June 2011 and January 2017 in British Columbia, Canada. Baseline characteristics, radiographic responses, and outcomes were summarized. Results. Of the 49 patients who received Y-90, the median age was 56 years (range 21–78), 49% were male, and 94% had an ECOG performance status of 0–1. The primary location of the NET included pancreas (31%), small bowel (41%), large bowel (6%), unknown (14%), and others (12%). 69% of these patients had liver metastases alone, and tumors were graded as G1 (61%), G2 (25%), G3 (2%), and unknown (12%). Prior therapies included surgery (63%), local ablative therapy (25%), somatostatin analogue (69%), and systemic therapy (35%). The median Y-90 dose was 2.2 GBq (range 0.8–3.6), as SIR-spheres (69%) or TheraSpheres (29%). Median time to Y-90 from diagnosis of metastases measured 1.54 years. 88% received segmental Y-90, with 1 (69%), 2 (29%), and 3 (2%) treatments. Y-90 resulted in partial response (53%), stable disease (33%), and progressive disease (12%). Y-90 was well-tolerated, with infrequent grade 3-4 biochemical toxicities (2%) and grade 3 abdominal pain (6%). Longer overall survival (OS) was associated with resection of primary tumor, well-differentiated histology, and low Ki-67. Median OS was 27.2 months (95% CI 8.0–46.5).Conclusions. In our population-based cohort, Y-90 was well-tolerated in patients with metastatic liver-dominant NETs. Prior surgical resection was an important predictor of OS.
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Bragin, A., J. Takács, O. Vinogradova, Kh Gogelia, and J. Hámori. "Age-Related Loss of GABA-Positive and GABA-Negative Neurons in Neocortical Transplants." Journal of Neural Transplantation and Plasticity 4, no. 1 (1993): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/np.1993.53.
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The numerical density of GABA immunopositive and GABA immunonegative neurons was quantitatively determined in 0, 12, 30 and 90 day-old neocortical transplants, derived from E17 rat embryos and transplanted into adult hosts. It was found that the original, very high neuronal density in the fetal transplant declined steadily after transplantation to the somatosensory cortex of adult rat. The decline in numerical density of GABA-positive neurons, however, was disproportionately larger than that of GABA-negative nerve cells: At 90 days the proportion of GABA-positive cells was 2.3% (in contrast to the 11.8% in the adult host cortex). The density of GABA-negative neurons, on the other hand, remained slightly higher than comparable values in the control cortex. The decline in density Of GABA-positive neurons was continuous until the 90th post-transplantation day, while final, close to normal density values of GABA-negative nerve cells were already reached in 30 day-old grafts, with no significant change afterwards.
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MOSSONG, J., L. PUTZ, and F. SCHNEIDER. "Seroprevalence and force of infection of varicella-zoster virus in Luxembourg." Epidemiology and Infection 132, no. 6 (November 16, 2004): 1121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268804002754.
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A serological prevalence survey was carried out in Luxembourg during 2000–2001 to determine the antibody status of the Luxembourg population against vaccine-preventable infections including varicella-zoster virus (VZV). ELISA tests performed on 2679 sera indicated that 96 (3·6%) of the study population were seronegative. Age-specific seroprevalence rose rapidly from approximately 70% at age 4 years to 90% at age 6 years to 95% at age 12 years. Significant heterogeneity of seroprevalence was observed between the six different primary schools. For age groups 0–5, 6–11 and 12+ years, we estimated an annual force of infection of 0·361 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·31–0·415)], 0·204 (95% CI 0·12–0·29) and 0·05 (95% CI 0·024–0·082) respectively. Our results indicate that transmission of VZV is highest in children below the age of 6 years and that much lower levels of VZV transmission occur in secondary schools and throughout adulthood.
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Kantún-Marín, María Amparo de Jesús, José Moral de la Rubia, Marco Vinicio Gómez-Meza, and Bertha Cecilia Salazar-González. "Validation of the Life Satisfaction Index for the Third Age." Aquichan 13, no. 2 (August 1, 2013): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2013.13.2.1.
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Objetivos: estudiar la estructura factorial del Life Satisfaction Index for the third age, short form (LSITA-SF), su consistencia interna,la validez de contenido y de constructo, y la validez divergente y convergente. Este índice se propone como uno de los indicadores subjetivosdel envejecimiento exitoso, que a su vez representa el modo de autoconcepto del Modelo de Adaptación de Roy y se contrasta conuna medición breve de sintomatología depresiva (CESD-7 por sus siglas en inglés) y con la dimensión de salud física del SF-12. El CESD-7representó un estímulo contextual y el SF-12 representó el modo fisiológico. Materiales y métodos: estudio realizado en México, endonde a una muestra no probabilística de 255 participantes voluntarios de 60 a 100 años se le aplicaron las escalas LSITA-SF, CESD-7 y SF-12. Tres expertos evaluaron su validez de contenido. Se calculó la consistencia interna mediante el alfa de Cronbach, el análisis factorialexploratorio por componentes principales y rotación Varimax, el análisis factorial confirmatorio por máxima verosimilitud, y para la validezdivergente y convergente se usaron coeficientes de correlación de Spearman. Resultados: la validación de contenido fue adecuada. Elmodelo con mejor ajuste fue el de 3 factores correlacionados (X2[41, N = 255] = 77,30, p = 0,001; GFI = 0,96; AGFI = 0,935 y RMSEA =0,059 [IC 90% = 0,038-0,079]) al que se eliminó un reactivo. La consistencia interna fue = 0,80. La correlación entre LSITA-SF y CESD-7 fue de rs = -0,38; el coeficiente de correlación entre LSITA-SF y SF-12 fue de rs = 0,32. Conclusión: la escala LSITA con 11 reactivosmuestra confiabilidad y validez incipiente. Es recomendable continuar su validación para su uso en países hispanoparlantes.
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Trifilio, Steven, Zheng Zhou, Jayesh Mehta, Colleen Czerniak, Judy Pi, Molly Koslosky, Deborah Greenberg, Mihaela Pantiru, and Jessica Altman. "Idarubicin Appears Equivalent to Dose-Intense daunorubicin for AML Induction." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 3581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.3581.3581.
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Abstract Abstract 3581 Worldwide cancer drug shortages have recently required the substitution of daunorubicin, the “gold standard” anthracycline for idarubicin for induction therapy in acute myeloid leukemia(AML). Previously published randomized trials have shown idarubicin (12/m2) to be equal to, or better than daunorubicin (45–50mg/m2) for achieving complete remission(Blood. 1991 Apr 15;77(8):1666–74). It is currently unknown whether these results can be extrapolated when compared to intensified doses of daunorubicin(90mg/m2), shown to improve the CR rate when compared to 45 mg/m2 (N Engl J Med. 2009 Sep 24;361(13):1249–59). We therefore conducted an observational study to compare CR rates in AML patients who received either daunorubicin 90mg/m2 or idarubicin 12mg/m2 for the treatment of newly diagnosed AML. Methods: Medical records were used to identify newly diagnosed patients with AML who received daunorubicin 90mg/m2(Dau-90) or idarubicin 12mg/m2(Ida-12) between 1/2007 and 6/2012. Patients with APL were excluded. MDS patients who evolved to AML were included. AML was diagnosed by WHO criteria. Patients received daunorubin 90mg/m2 IV bolus or idarubicin 12mg/m2 IV bolus on days 1–3. Cytarabine 100mg/m2 by continuous infusion was given concomitantly on day 1–7 to both groups. All patients underwent marrow biopsy on day 14 after initiation of therapy. If residual disease was found, patients were considered treatment failure. Patients without residual disease were re-biopsied around the time of WBC recovery to assess CR. CR rates are reported after a single induction course. Results: 28 Ida-12 and 37 Dau-90 patients were identified. Table 1 shows patient demographics and outcomes. There was no significant baseline difference between the 2 study arms for gender, age, weight, maximum WBC prior to therapy, cytogenetic risk group, percent of patients with FLT-3 ITD or NPM mutations, or combined risk factors. A non-significant trend was observed in the percent of marrow blasts prior to therapy and in the number of patients>60years(but not for age >55) within the Ida-12 study arm. Overall CR was similar between the Ida-12 and Dau- 90 treatment groups(p<0.1072) Subset analysis shows CR rates were significantly higher in Ida-12 treated patients who had an unfavorable karyotype(p<0.0359) or unfavorable combined cytogenetic risk(0.0388) or for age > 55 years(p<.0063). Overall morbidity and mortality was similar between groups. Conclusion: Ida-12 appears to be as effective as Dau-90 for achieving CR after a single induction course. Thus, Thus, substitution of Ida-12 for Dau-90 during times of drug shortages appears acceptable. Ida-12 may potentially be superior for patients >55 years or for those with unfavorable cytogenetics. These results warrant validation from a randomized clinical trial. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Elsherif, Mohamed, Wael Tawfick, Mohamed Elsharkawi, Ruth Campell, Niamh Hynes, and Sherif Sultan. "Common femoral artery endarterectomy in the age of endovascular therapy." Vascular 26, no. 6 (May 14, 2018): 581–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1708538118772682.
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Objectives Common femoral artery endarterectomy (CFE) is the standard treatment for common femoral artery occlusive disease. We aim to assess the medium term outcomes of CFE with or without further concomitant procedures. Design A retrospective observational study. Methods All patients who underwent either isolated CFE (ICFE), CFE with angioplasty for occlusive arterial disease (CFEA) or concomitant CFE with endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (CFEE) were included. Patient demographics follow up, clinical improvement, types of CFE closure, patency rates, and survival-free amputation were noted. Results From 2002 to 2015, 1512 patients were referred with a diagnosis of critical limb ischemia. Of those, 1134 required revascularization. Sixty-one patients underwent 66 CFE. Ten limbs underwent an ICFE, 35 had CFEA, and 21 underwent CFEE. Demographics were comparable in all groups. Twenty-seven were closed primarily, while 39 required patch closure (12 venous, 8 Dacron, 19 biological). Technical success was 100% in ICFEs, 94% in CFEA, and 100% for CFEE ( p = 0.274). Immediate clinical success was 100% in both CFE and CFEE, but was 85.7% in CFEA ( p = 0.035). Immediate hemodynamic success was similar in all three groups ( p = 0.73). Sustained hemodynamic success was 30% in ICFE, 54.3% in CFEA, and 23.8% in CFEE ( p = 0.056). At two years, the primary patency was 90% in ICFE, 74.3% in CFEA, and 100% in CFEE ( p = 0.049). Primary-assisted patency was 90% in ICFE, 82.9% in CFEA, and 100% in CFEE ( p = 0.17). Secondary patency was 90% in ICFE, 94.3% in CFEA, and 100% in CFEE ( p = 0.409). Re-intervention was required in 26.9% of primary closures, versus 12.8% with patch closures ( p = 0.279). Amputation-free survival was 100% in ICFE, 80% in CFEA, and 100% in CFEE ( p = 0.056). Conclusion CFE is a reliable and dependable procedure, even in the absence of good distal runoff.
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Gall, Carolin, Iris Mueller, Gabriele H. Franke, and Bernhard A. Sabel. "Psychological distress is associated with vision-related but not with generic quality of life in patients with visual field defects after cerebral lesions." Mental Illness 4, no. 2 (July 26, 2012): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mi.2012.e12.
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Considerably diminished quality of life (QoL) is observed in patients with visual field defects after lesions affecting the visual pathway. But little is known to what extent vision-and health-related QoL impairments are associated with psychological distress. In 24 patients with chronic visual field defects (mean age=56.17±12.36) the National Eye Institute-visual functioning questionnaire (NEI-VFQ) for vision-related QoL, the Short Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36) for generic QoL and the revised Symptom-Checklist (SCL-90-R) were administered. Cases with clinically relevant SCL-90-R symptoms were defined. Demographic, QoL and visual field parameters were correlated with SCL-90-R scales. About 40% of the investigated patients met the criteria for the definition of psychiatric caseness. 8/12 NEI-VFQ scales correlated significantly with SCL-90-R phobic anxiety (r-range -0.41 to -0.64, P<0.05), 5/12 NEI-VFQ scales correlated with SCL-90-R interpersonal sensitivity (-0.43 to -0.50), and 3/12 with SCL-90-R depression (-0.51 to -0.57) and obsessive-compulsiveness (-0.41 to -0.43). In contrast, only 1/8 SF-36 scales correlated significantly with SCL-90-R depression, phobic anxiety and interpersonal sensitivity (-0.41 to -0.54). No substantial correlations were observed between visual field parameters and SCL-90-R scales. Significant correlations of SCL-90-R with NEI-VFQ but not with SF-36 suggest that self-rated psychological distress is the result of diminished vision-related QoL as a consequence of visual field loss. The extent of visual field loss itself did not influence the rating of psychological distress directly, since SCL-90-R symptoms were only reported when diminished vision-related QoL was present. Patients with reduced vision-related QoL due to persisting visual field defects should therefore be offered additional neuropsychological rehabilitation and supportive psychotherapeutic interventions even years after the lesion.
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Anand, A., Y. Yong Tew, J. Hao Chan, P. Keeling, S. D. Shenkin, A. MacLullich, N. Mills, and M. A. Denvir. "29 Predicting Unplanned Readmission and Death After Hospital Discharge: How Do Frailty Tools Compare to Electronic Health Record Frailty Markers?" Age and Ageing 50, Supplement_1 (March 2021): i7—i11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab029.08.
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Abstract Introduction Numerous frailty tools and definitions have been described. Amongst hospitalised patients, the validity of face-to-face instruments may be confounded by acute illness. However, patient assessment after recovery at the point of hospital discharge, or recognition of electronic health record (EHR) frailty markers, may overcome this issuep. Methods In a consented, prospective observational cohort study, we recruited patients ≥70 years old within 24 hours of expected discharge from the cardiology ward of the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. Three established frailty instruments were tested: the Fried phenotype, Short Physical Performance Battery and nurse-administered Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). An unweighted 32-item EHR score was generated using frailty markers (e.g. falls risk, continence, cognition) recorded within mandated admission documentation. Comorbidity was assessed by count of chronic health conditions. Outcomes were a 90-day composite of unplanned readmission or death and 12-month mortality. Adjusted Cox modelling determined the hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation increase in each frailty score. Results 186 patients (mean age 79 ± 6 years, 64% male) were included, of whom 55 (30%) had a 90-day composite outcome, and 21 (11%) died within 12 months. All four frailty tools were moderately correlated with age and comorbidity (Pearson’s r 0.21 to 0.43, all p < 0.05). The Fried phenotype (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.18–1.81), CFS (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01–1.51) and EHR score (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.03–1.55) independently predicted 90-day readmission or death, after adjustment for age, sex and comorbidity. All frailty instruments were independent predictors of 12-month mortality, with age, sex and comorbidity losing predictive power (p > 0.05) once frailty was included in modelling. Conclusions At hospital discharge, the Fried phenotype and CFS added to age and comorbidity in risk prediction for future unplanned readmission or death. EHR frailty markers appeared comparable to face-to-face assessment. An automated trigger for high-risk patients using routine EHR data merits prospective evaluation.
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Mutsaerts, Eleonora A. M. L., Marta C. Nunes, Martijn N. van Rijswijk, Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch, Kennedy Otwombe, Mark F. Cotton, Avy Violari, and Shabir A. Madhi. "Measles Immunity at 4.5 Years of Age Following Vaccination at 9 and 15–18 Months of Age Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–infected, HIV-exposed–uninfected, and HIV-unexposed Children." Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 687–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy964.
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AbstractBackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected and HIV-exposed–uninfected (HEU) children may be at increased risk of measles infection due to waning of immunity following vaccination. We evaluated persistence of antibodies to measles vaccination at 4.5 years of age in HIV-unexposed, HEU, and HIV-infected children with CD4+ ≥25% previously randomized to immediate antiretroviral therapy (ART) interrupted at 12 months (HIV/Immed-ART-12), 24 months (HIV/Immed-ART-24), or when clinically/immunologically indicated (HIV/Def-ART). The HIV/Def-ART group initiated ART by median 5.8 (interquartile range, 4.4–10.3) months of age.MethodsIn this study, HIV-unexposed (n = 95), HEU (n = 84), HIV/Immed-ART-12 (n = 70), HIV/Immed-ART-24 (n = 70), and HIV/Def-ART (n = 62) children were scheduled to receive measles vaccination at age 9 and 15–18 months. Antimeasles serum immunoglobulin G titers were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 4.5 years.ResultsCompared with HIV-unexposed children (2860 mIU/mL), measles antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) were significantly lower in both HIV/Immed-ART-12 (571; P < .001) and HIV/Immed-ART-24 (1136; P < .001) but similar in the HIV/Def-ART (2777) and HEU (3242) groups. Furthermore, compared with HIV-unexposed, antibody titers ≥330 mIU/mL (ie, presumed serocorrelate for protection; 99%) were also significantly lower in HIV/Immed-ART-12 (70%; P < .001) and HIV/Immed-ART-24 (83%; P < .001) but similar in the HIV/Def-ART (90%) and HEU (98%) groups.ConclusionsHIV-infected children in whom ART was interrupted at either 12 or 24 months had lower GMTs and lower proportions with seroprotective titers than HIV-unexposed children, indicating a potential downside of ART treatment interruption.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT00099658 and NCT00102960.
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Subhi, Yousif, and Torben Lykke Sørensen. "Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Very Old (≥90 Years): Epidemiology, Adherence to Treatment, and Comparison of Efficacy." Journal of Ophthalmology 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7194927.
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Purpose. To investigate neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in patients aged ≥90 years from several perspectives for a comprehensive overview: prevalence, presenting characteristics, treatment adherence, reasons for discontinuation, and efficacy of antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment comparing Ranibizumab and Aflibercept.Methods. In this retrospective chart review, we determined the prevalence and presenting characteristics by reviewing all data for patients referred to our department with treatment-naïve neovascular AMD. By looking at historical cohorts, we determined adherence to treatment, reasons for discontinuation, and treatment outcomes after loading dose, 12 months, and 24 months.Results. Patients aged ≥90 years constituted 7% of the patients. Treatment was discontinued in 51%, primarily because of death and treatment burden. Mean change in best-corrected visual acuity was 3.2, 1.5, and −2.2 ETDRS letters at 4, 12, and 24 months, respectively. Aflibercept was superior to Ranibizumab in visual and anatomic outcomes. After two years of treatment, patients losing ≥15 ETDRS letters made up 19% in the Aflibercept group and 26% in the Ranibizumab group.Conclusions. We propose that the very old patients with neovascular AMD may constitute a distinctive group warranting special attention and possibilities for individualized therapy. Possible differences between anti-VEGF agents need further investigations.
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Zagar, Robert John, William M. Grove, Kenneth G. Busch, John Russell Hughes, and Jack Arbit. "Looking Forward in Records of Youth Abused as Infants: Risks for Homicidal, Violent, and Delinquent Offenses." Psychological Reports 104, no. 1 (February 2009): 47–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.104.1.47-75.
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To study risks for abuse and later homicidal behavior, 192 abused infants ( M age = 3.12 yr., SD = 1.48; 82 girls, 110 boys) and 192 controls were matched on demographics and examined; data discriminating abused and later homicidal cases were analyzed with Shao's bootstrapped logistic regression. Predictors of Abused status were injury, burn, poisoning, fetal substance exposure ( OR = 2.47), later parental or youth court contacts ( OR = 1.86e+12), and parental alcohol abuse (OR = .54; AUC = .99; 95% CI= .96−.99). Youth tracked through records 12 years (to M age = 12.17 yr., SD =1.89) were classified into Abused Later Homicidal (11%, n = 21), Abused Later Violent (14%, n = 27), Abused Later Delinquent (31%, n = 60), Abused Later Nondeliquent ( n = 44), and Control groups ( n = 192). Data were analyzed similarly. When the Abused Later Homicidal was contrasted with the Control group, predictors of homicide were three or more home/school moves ( OR = .78), illnesses ( OR = .90), and later court contacts ( OR= 1.75e+07; AUC=.99; 95% CI=.90−.98). When the Abused Later Homicidal was compared with the Abused Later Nondelinquent group, predictors of homicide were poorer executive function ( OR = 2.29) and later court contacts ( OR = 7.78e+06; AUC=.94; 95% CI= .90−.98).
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Jorgenson, Margaret R., Jillian L. Descourouez, Dou-Yan Yang, Glen E. Leverson, Christopher M. Saddler, Jeannina A. Smith, Nasia Safdar, Didier A. Mandlebrot, and Robert R. Redfield. "Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcomes After Early Posttransplant Clostridiodes difficile Infection in Renal Transplant Recipients." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 53, no. 10 (April 21, 2019): 1020–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028019845003.
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Background: Modifiable risk-factors associated with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in renal-transplant (RTX) have not been clearly established and peri-transplant risk has not been described. Objective: Evaluate epidemiology, risk-factors and outcomes after CDI occurring in the first 90 days after RTX (CDI-90).Methods: Observational cohort study/survival analysis of adult RTX recipients from 1/1/2012-12/31/2015. Primary outcome was CDI-90 incidence/risk-factors. Secondary outcome was evaluation of post-90 day transplant outcomes. Results: 982 patients met inclusion criteria; 46 with CDI-90 and 936 without (comparator). CDI incidence in the total population was 4.7% at 90 days, 6.3% at 1 year, and 6.4% at 3 years. Incidence of CDI-90 was 5%; time to diagnosis was 19.4±25 days (median 7). Risk-factors for CDI-90 were alemtuzumab induction (Hazard ratio [HR] 1.5, 95% CI(1.1-2.0), p = 0.005) and age at transplant (HR 1.007/year, 95% CI (1.002-1.012), p= 0.007). However, risk-factors for CDI at any time were different; donation-after-circulatory-death (DCD) donor (HR 2.5 95% CI (1.3-4.9), p = 0.008) and female gender (HR 1.6 95% CI (1.0-2.7), p = 0.049). On Kaplan-Meier, CDI-90 appeared to have an impact on patient/graft survival, however when analyzed in a multivariable stepwise Cox proportional hazards model, only age was significantly associated with survival ( p = 0.002). Conclusion and Relevance: Incidence of CDI-90 is low, mostly occurring in the first post-operative month. Risk-factors vary temporally based on time from transplant. In the early post-op period induction agent and age at transplant are significant, but not after. Associations between CDI and negative graft outcomes appear to be largely driven by age. Future studies validating these risk-factors as well as targeted prophylaxis strategies and their effect on long term graft outcomes and the host microbiome are needed.
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Madsen, David B., Ma Haizhou, David Rhode, P. Jeffrey Brantingham, and Steven L. Forman. "Age constraints on the late Quaternary evolution of Qinghai Lake, Tibetan Plateau." Quaternary Research 69, no. 2 (March 2008): 316–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2007.10.013.
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Dating and geomorphology of shoreline features in the Qinghai Lake basin of northwestern China suggest that, contrary to previous interpretations, the lake likely did not reach levels 66–140 m above modern within the past ∼ 90,000 yr. Maximum highstands of ∼ 20–66 m above modern probably date to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5. MIS 3 highstands are undated and uncertain but may have been at or below post-glacial highs. The lake probably reached ∼ 3202–3206 m (+ 8–12 m) during the early Holocene but stayed below ∼ 3202 m after ∼ 8.4 ka. This shoreline history implies significantly different hydrologic balances in the Qinghai Lake basin before ∼ 90 ka and after ∼ 45 ka, possibly the result of a more expansive Asian monsoon in MIS 5.
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Hagey, Lee R., Miriam A. Gavrilkina, and Alan F. Hofmann. "Age-related changes in the biliary bile acid composition of bovids." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 8 (August 1, 1997): 1193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-142.
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The biliary bile acid composition of 12 tribes of bovids (66 species, 168 animals) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. In adult animals, the biliary bile acids were conjugated with taurine or glycine and consisted mostly (> 90%) of three bile acids: cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and deoxycholic acid (DCA). Biliary bile acid composition did not vary among species, and was identical in male and female bovids. Within each species, there were consistent changes in biliary bile acid composition with age. Three steady-state stages could be distinguished: (1) the fetal stage, when bile acid input is from placental transfer from the mother as well as biosynthesis (from cholesterol) by the newborn liver (45 ± 12% CA; 50 ± 11% CDCA; 5 ± 4% DCA (mean ± SD)); (2) the infant stage, when bile acid input is solely from biosynthesis by the infant liver (80 ± 6% CA; 20 ± 6% CDCA; 0.5 ± 0.7% DCA); and (3) the adult stage, when bile acid input is not only from biosynthesis by the adult liver but also from intestinal absorption of DCA, formed by bacterial 7-dehydroxylation of CA (75 ± 12% CA; 6 ± 7% CDCA; 19 ± 9% DCA). The transition from the infant stage to the adult stage, indicating the development of an anerobic cecum, occurred before weaning. These three stages of biliary bile acid composition are likely to be present in other placental vertebrates, including most primates, in whom a cecum containing an anerobic flora develops after birth; the functional implications of these changes are discussed.
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Avci, Esin, and Diler Aslan. "Determination of indirect reference intervals of vitamin B12 for outpatients admitted to primary healthcare centers." Journal of Laboratory Medicine 44, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/labmed-2018-0160.
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Abstract Background Vitamin B12 deficiency is still an important nutritional problem worldwide. There is no consensus on the reference intervals (RIs) for vitamin B12. In order to establish vitamin B12 RIs, we used the database obtained from a primary healthcare organization and estimated region-specific intervals. Methods Vitamin B12 results were collected from our laboratory information system (LIS) between January 2014 and July 2014. We excluded the results of the individuals who had megaloblastic and microcytic anemia. After outlier detection and exclusion, we estimated the RIs of the “1–12, 13–18, 19–64 and 65 +” age groups according to the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) method. Statistical differences were examined between groups. Results The reference limits and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) (n = 14,748, 3790 male, age: 1–96; 10,958 female, age: 1–115) were estimated with 90% CIs as 106 (104–107)–393 (391–395) pmol/L. We also estimated the reference limits of the “1–12, 13–18, 19–64 and 65 +” age groups to be 127–459, 108–398, 106–384 and 104–426 pmol/L, respectively. There was no difference between genders in all age groups. Conclusions Both the lower and upper limits of the estimated RIs were found to be lower than the reference limits recommended by the manufacturer. Our findings revealed that the RIs of vitamin B12 should be given for the “1–12, 13–18, 19–64 and 65 +” age groups separately. The big data obtained from laboratories should be used for the determination of its population health status. As our population is composed of outpatients, the estimated vitamin B12 RIs may establish the basic information for the examination of our population for vitamin B12 deficiency.
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King, Charles A., and Lawrence R. Oliver. "Application Rate and Timing of Acifluorfen, Bentazon, Chlorimuron, and Imazaquin." Weed Technology 6, no. 3 (September 1992): 526–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00035740.
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Data from field studies at Fayetteville, AR, were used to predict the herbicide rate needed to provide 70, 80, or 90% control of a weed based upon weed age. Reduced herbicide rates generally needed to be applied within 6 to 12 d after emergence to control weeds 90%. Reduced rates (280 g ai ha–1or less) of acifluorfen controlled hemp sesbania, smooth pigweed, Palmer amaranth, and pitted and entireleaf morningglory 90%. Bentazon at 350 to 650 g ai ha–1controlled common cocklebur and prickly sida 90%. Common cocklebur, smooth pigweed, and pitted morningglory were controlled 90% with chlorimuron at 2 to 5 g ai ha–1and imazaquin at 20 to 80 g ai ha–1. Prickly sida and hemp sesbania were controlled 90% with imazaquin at 70 g ha–1and chlorimuron at 6 g ha–1, respectively. Barnyardgrass, large crabgrass, red rice, and sicklepod were not controlled with reduced herbicide rates.
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KOUYOUMDJIAN, JOAO ARIS. "Carpal tunnel syndrome: age, nerve conduction severity and duration of symptomatology." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 57, no. 2B (June 1999): 382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1999000300007.
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Median sensory and motor distal latencies (SDL/MDL) were correlated with age and duration of symptomatology in 1498 carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients (17-90 years old, 87.6% female). Patients were distributed in four groups according to distal latencies severity. There was an increase in age as long as SDL/MDL became more severe, ranging from 47.5 to 67 years old (mild to severe-absence potentials in both hands groups, respectively). There was a less dramatic increase in duration of complaints as long as SDL/MDL became more severe, ranging from 12 to 30.7 months (mild to severe-absence potentials in both hands groups, respectively). Aging correlates more positively than duration of complaints with severity of SDL/MDL in CTS. The effects of increasing median blockage in CTS are more severe as long as patients become older regardless duration of symptomatology.
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DIAS, Andre Roncon, Marina Alessandra PEREIRA, Marcus Fernando Kodama Pertille RAMOS, Ulysses RIBEIRO JR, Bruno ZILBERSTEIN, and Ivan CECCONELLO. "IMPACT OF AGING IN THE SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF GASTRIC CANCER PATIENTS." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 58, no. 1 (March 2021): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.202100000-16.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: As age advances, a higher burden of comorbidities and less functional reserve are expected, however, the impact of aging in the surgical outcomes of gastric cancer (GC) patients is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate surgical outcomes of GC patients according to their age group. METHODS: Patients submitted to gastrectomy with curative intent due to gastric adenocarcinoma were divided in quartiles. Each group had 150 patients and age limits were: ≤54.8, 54.9-63.7, 63.8-72, >72. The outcomes assessed were: postoperative complications (POC), 90-day postoperative mortality, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Major surgical complications were 2.7% in the younger quartile vs 12% for the others (P=0.007). Major clinical complications raised according to the age quartile: 0.7% vs 4.7% vs 5.3% vs 7.3% (P<0.042). ASA score and age were independent risk factors for major POC. The 90-day mortality progressively increased according to the age quartile: 1.3% vs 6.0% vs 7.3% vs 14% (P<0.001). DFS was equivalent among quartile groups, while OS was significantly worse for those >72-year-old. D2 lymphadenectomy only improved OS in the three younger quartiles. Age >72 was an independent risk factor for worse OS (hazard ratio of 1.72). CONCLUSION: Patients <55-year-old have less surgical complications. As age progresses, clinical complications and 90-day mortality gradually rise. OS is worse for those above age 72, and D2 lymphadenectomy should be individualized after this age.
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Malison, Jeffrey A., Cody D. Best, Terrence B. Kayes, Clyde H. Amundson, and Bernard C. Wentworth. "Hormonal Growth Promotion and Evidence for a Size-Related Difference in Response to Estradiol-17β in Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 1627–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-203.
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Our studies indicate that estrogen(s) promote growth and may mediate sexually related dimorphic growth in yellow perch (Perca flavescens). (1) Neither 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) at 1.5–60 μg/g diet nor estradiol-17β (E2) at 15–120 μg/g stimulated length or weight gain when fed for 85 d to age 0 perch that were initially 20–35 mm total length (TL) and 0.14–0.25 g total weight (TW). (2) In larger age 0 perch (initially 90–110 mm TL and 8–12 g TW), E2 at 2 or 20 μg/g accelerated length and weight gain; MT, triiodothyronine, and zeranol failed to promote growth at all doses tested. (3) E2 at 20 μg/g had differential effects when fed for 84 d to age 0 perch (initially 30–50 mm TL and 0.5–0.7 g TW) and age 1 perch (initially 90–110 mm TL and 8–12 g TW): E2 stimulated weight gain in the larger fish within the first 28 d, but did not improve growth in the smaller perch until they reached 80–100 mm TL and 5–10 g TW (after day 56). These results demonstrate that E2 promotes perch growth only after a certain size- or age-related maturational status has been reached. We suggest that this status is related to the onset of spermatogenesis, vitellogenesis, and sexually related dimorphic growth and may be linked to the maturation of hormone receptors.
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Kumar, Krishnappa Santosh, and Nanjappa Mohan Kumar. "Klippel Trenaunay Syndrome: a rare case report in a neonate." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 4, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20164624.
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Klippel Trenaunay Syndrome (KTS) is a cutaneous vascular malformation in combination with bone and soft tissue overgrowth, with or without lymphatic malformation. Symptoms appear by birth and approximately 90% of the cases are diagnosed by the age of 12 years. Prompt diagnosis at the earliest and conservative management with regular follow up is crucial in prognosis of KTS.
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M., Prakruthi G., Bharathi D. R., and Yogananda R. "A CASE CONTROL STUDY ON DETERMINANTS OF CHILDHOOD ASTHMA IN SCHOOL CHIL-DREN OF CHITRADURGA CITY." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 10, no. 3 (May 17, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2018v10i3.27335.
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Objective: Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease in which many cells and cellular elements play a role often arising from allergies, subsequently cause shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing it affects children in different ways. To study the sociodemographic characteristics of asthmatic children and compare the predisposing factors of asthma in children.Methods: A Community based Case control study in selected schools in chitradurga for a period of 6 mo. A total of 90 children, among which 30 asthma children and 60 non asthma children were participated. Odds ratio will be calculated to know the strength of association. chi square test will be calculated to the significance.Results: A total of 90 children aged<14 y data. Female children are more exposed to asthma than male. In childhood asthma age group between 10-14years the age group of 10 y(26.7%) and 12 y (26.7%) were more exposed to the asthma.Conclusion: In Chitradurga city, the study area, is of no exception with regard to case control. From the total of 90 children selected for the study majority were found risk factors affected. It was due to their family history, exposure to pet animals, allergy, age group, BMI and sex.
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Jansz, Gwenderlyn F., and David K. Pomerantz. "The effect of prenatal treatment with busulfan on in vitro androgen production by testes from rats of various ages." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 63, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 1155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y85-189.
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Treatment of rats with busulfan in utero severely depletes the germ cell population of the seminiferous tubules. These studies have examined the in vitro capacity of testicular tissue and Leydig cells from such testes to secrete androgens. Leydig cells were identified by staining for 3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase. Rats were studied at several ages to identify any developmental changes in the androgen-secreting capacity of control and treated gonads. At 30 days of age, no effect of treatment on serum androgen was found. At 60 and 90 days of age, treatment caused decreased androgen and increased LH content of the serum. At 12, 30, 60, and 90 days of age, the amount of androgen secreted per milligram of testicular tissue in response to LH was higher in busulfan-treated rats. Leydig cells from 60- and 90-day-old rats which had received busulfan were also hyperresponsive to LH. It was concluded that Leydig cells from testes essentially devoid of germ cells were hyperresponsive to LH. Serum androgen levels were decreased yet androgen production per Leydig cell was increased. A possible explanation of this apparent paradox is that busulfan treatment resulted in decreased numbers of Leydig cells in the gonads.
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Choi, Wungrak, Hyoung Won Bae, Eun Young Choi, Minha Kim, Eun Woo Kim, Chan Yun Kim, Min Kim, and Gong Je Seong. "Age as a risk factor for steroid-induced ocular hypertension in the non-paediatric population." British Journal of Ophthalmology 104, no. 10 (February 18, 2020): 1423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314559.
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Background/aimsTo evaluate the age-related risk of steroid-induced ocular hypertension by analysing intraocular pressure (IOP) changes after intravitreal dexamethasone (DEX, Ozurdex) implant injection.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted among patients (n=455; 570 eyes) who had received DEX injection. IOP was measured prior to injection and after 1 week and 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months. Results were divided into seven categories based on patient age: 16–30, 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, 61–70, 71–80 and 81–90 years. The IOP elevation rate was compared among the groups.ResultsThe IOP elevation rate was 42.9% in patients aged ≤30 years (35.3%, 28.3%, 14.9%, 12.2%, 8.4% and 9.1% in the 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, 61–70, 71–80 and 81–90 groups, respectively). Regardless of how IOP was measured, there was an increasing trend in the incidence of IOP elevation with decreasing age. Furthermore, there was a significant stepwise increase in the OR with decreasing age groups. After the 51–60 group was set as the reference point, the ORs (95% CIs) were 5.048 (1.436 to 17.747), 3.671 (1.101 to 12.238), 2.538 (1.043 to 6.178), 0.947 (0.431 to 2.078), 0.713 (0.312 to 1.626) and 0.646 (0.137 to 3.048) in the ≤30, 31–40, 41–50, 61–70, 71–80 and 81–90 groups, respectively.ConclusionThe rate of adverse elevations in IOP after steroid use was significantly lower in older patients than in younger patients. Therefore, caution is required when prescribing steroids to younger patients (<51 years).
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Gopinath, Bamini, Victoria M. Flood, George Burlutsky, Jimmy C. Y. Louie, Louise A. Baur, and Paul Mitchell. "Frequency of takeaway food consumption and its association with major food group consumption, anthropometric measures and blood pressure during adolescence." British Journal of Nutrition 115, no. 11 (April 5, 2016): 2025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451600101x.
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AbstractWe prospectively assessed the (1) frequency and socio-economic correlates of takeaway food consumption during adolescence; and (2) association between frequent takeaway food consumption with intakes of major food groups and anthropometric measures and blood pressure (BP). In total, 699 Sydney schoolchildren (380 girls and 319 boys) who had dietary data at both 12 and 17 years of age were included for analyses. Takeaway food consumption was self-reported and based on a single question. Anthropometric measures and BP were collected. The proportion of participants who ate takeaway foods once per week or more increased significantly over 5 years from the age of 12 to 17 years: 35·5–44·1 % (P<0·0001). In total, 12-year-old girls compared with boys had reduced odds of takeaway foods once per week or more at the age of 17 years (P=0·01), multivariable-adjusted OR 0·63 (95 % CI 0·44, 0·90). In total, 12-year-old children who ate takeaway foods once per week or more had significantly lower mean fruit (220·3 v. 253·0 g/d; P=0·03) and vegetable consumption (213·2 v. 247·7 g/d; P=0·004), 5 years later (at 17 years of age). Frequent takeaway food consumption at the age of 12 years was not associated with anthropometric indices and BP at the age of 17 years. Consumption of takeaway foods became more frequent during adolescence, particularly among boys, and it was associated with reduced intake of fruits and vegetables.
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Parreira, Samara Lamounier Santana, Maria Bernadete Dutra Resende, Edmar Zanoteli, Mary Souza Carvalho, Suely Kazue Marie, and Umbertina Conti Reed. "Comparison of motor strength and function in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy with or without steroid therapy." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 68, no. 5 (October 2010): 683–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2010000500002.
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OBJECTIVE: To compare muscle strength (MS) and motor function in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) receiving steroids for different times against the natural evolution of DMD described by Scott et al. METHOD: 90 patients with DMD (aged 5- 12 years), receiving steroids for one to seven years, were evaluated by Medical Research Council Scale (MRC) and Hammersmith motor ability score. The relation between MS and motor abilities measurement from our data and Scott's ones were ascertained statistically. RESULTS: The relation between patient's age and Hammersmith scores revealed decrease of 0.76 point per year for age against decrease of 2.23 points on Scott's study. The relation between MRC scale and patient's age showed decrease of 0.80 point per year of age against decrease of 3.65 points on Scott's study. CONCLUSION: In patients with DMD aged five to 12 years the progression of the disease is delayed by steroids and the motor function is less reduced than muscular strength.
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Puri, Sunil, and M. A. Tak. "Accelerating growth of silver fir seedlings under controlled environments." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 835–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-132.
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Studies on Abiespindrow seedlings were conducted to accelerate and attain maximum growth under controlled environmental conditions. Seedlings of age 7, 19, and 31 months collected from Manali, Shilaru, and Kashmir provenances were treated for 90 days with four photoperiods (natural day length and 12, 18, and 24 h light) and two nitrogen levels (1.0 and 1.5 g/seedling). A positive response to light and N application was observed. Initially, light had no effect on roots (up to 45 days) but later on a significant increase in length and weight of roots was observed. Root to shoot ratio decreased with light but increased with N applied to seedlings. The interaction among photoperiod, N, provenance, and age, calculated from analysis of variance, was significant for root length and root and shoot weight at 45 and 90 days. The maximum percent increase in growth and biomass was observed in the 1-0 age from the Kashmir provenance.
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Ibeawuchi, J. A., and I. D. Mohammed. "A STUDY OF GROWTH RATE OF WADARA CALVES IN THE SUB-SAHELIAN REGION OF BORNO STATE." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 16 (January 5, 2021): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v16i.1914.
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Data on birth weight and growth rate from birth to 12 months of age of 90 Wadara calves maintained at the University of Maiduguri Livestock Farm from 1980 - 1987 period were studied. Mean birth weight was 25.5±2.6kg; 26.7 ±2.04kg for 40 males and 24.3±3.19kg for 50 females. The linear regression function was fitted on monthly body weight in two parts: 0-6 months and 6-12 months. Maximum gain in body weight was attained during 6 to 12 months of age in the male (8.30±0.50kg) and 0 to 6 months in the female (0.54±1.07kg). The difference in the rate of gain between the periods to 6 and 6 to 12 months in each of the sexes was highly significant (P< 0.01). Body weights at birth and at various ages were higher (P < 0.05) for the male than the female calves. The relative growth rate was rapid in both sexes during the first 3 months and was appreciable to the 7th month of age before declining progressively. The value in the first quarter was 18.0± 1.86 and 20.2 ± 1.60 percent for the male and female calves respectively.
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Jain, Jinali, and Deepa Metgud. "Effect of individualized home-based intervention program in preterm infants at 35-36 weeks gestational age using prechtl’s general movement assessment: a pre-post experimental study." International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research 9, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 3730–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2020.181.
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Background: Preterm birth associated with various abnormalities can have a detrimental impact on an infant’s developmental outcome which marks the need of a landmark tool to detect an abnormality at an early age and incorporate specific intervention strategies. Positive effects of intervention on developmental outcomes have been noted, however tailored home-based intervention programs on developmental enhancements are essential. Purpose: To evaluate the impact of Individualized Home Based Developmental Program on the neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants using Prechtl’s General Movement Assessment. Methodology: Ninety preterm infants admitted to the NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit)of a tertiary care hospital in Tertiary care hospital at Belagavi, Karnataka, India. The study was carried out for a duration of 12 months. Participants were conveniently selected from a population-based sample from May 2018 to March 2019. Based on the inclusion criteria of the study, these infants were screened for the movement trajectories on Prechtl’s GMA at 3-36- and 38-40-weeksGA(Gestational Age) respectively. Out of the 90 infants, 19 infants showing abnormal movement trajectories were recruited for individualized home-based developmental program for a duration of 12 weeks followed by re-evaluation at 3 months post term age. Results: The results were statistically significant (p<0.001) with 14 out of 19 infants exhibiting 70% improvement with normal Fidgety movements at 3 months post term age. Conclusion: IHBP delivered for 12 weeks was found to be effective in promoting developmental outcome in preterm infants. KEY WORDS: Preterm infants, Prechtl’s General Movement Assessment, home-based early intervention.
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Jain, Jinali, and Deepa Metgud. "Effect of individualized home-based intervention program in preterm infants at 35-36 weeks gestational age using prechtl’s general movement assessment: a pre-post experimental study." International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research 9, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 3730–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2020.181.
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Background: Preterm birth associated with various abnormalities can have a detrimental impact on an infant’s developmental outcome which marks the need of a landmark tool to detect an abnormality at an early age and incorporate specific intervention strategies. Positive effects of intervention on developmental outcomes have been noted, however tailored home-based intervention programs on developmental enhancements are essential. Purpose: To evaluate the impact of Individualized Home Based Developmental Program on the neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants using Prechtl’s General Movement Assessment. Methodology: Ninety preterm infants admitted to the NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit)of a tertiary care hospital in Tertiary care hospital at Belagavi, Karnataka, India. The study was carried out for a duration of 12 months. Participants were conveniently selected from a population-based sample from May 2018 to March 2019. Based on the inclusion criteria of the study, these infants were screened for the movement trajectories on Prechtl’s GMA at 3-36- and 38-40-weeksGA(Gestational Age) respectively. Out of the 90 infants, 19 infants showing abnormal movement trajectories were recruited for individualized home-based developmental program for a duration of 12 weeks followed by re-evaluation at 3 months post term age. Results: The results were statistically significant (p<0.001) with 14 out of 19 infants exhibiting 70% improvement with normal Fidgety movements at 3 months post term age. Conclusion: IHBP delivered for 12 weeks was found to be effective in promoting developmental outcome in preterm infants. KEY WORDS: Preterm infants, Prechtl’s General Movement Assessment, home-based early intervention.
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Sollaccio, David R., Joseph J. King, Aimee Struk, Kevin W. Farmer, and Thomas W. Wright. "Clinical Predictors for Optimal Forward Elevation in Primary Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty." Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Arthroplasty 3 (January 2019): 247154921983152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2471549219831527.
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Background Few studies in the literature analyze clinical factors associated with superoptimal and suboptimal forward elevation in primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). We investigate the functional outcome stratified by shoulder elevation 12 months after primary RTSA and its correlation with selected clinical patient factors. Methods We analyzed prospectively collected data within a comprehensive surgical database on patients who had undergone primary RTSA between June 2004 and June 2013. Two hundred eighty-six shoulders were stratified into 2 groups: group I for shoulders that had achieved at least 145° of active forward elevation 12 months postoperatively (90th percentile of active forward elevation, 29 shoulders) and group II for shoulders that never achieved at least 90° of active forward elevation 12 months postoperatively (10th percentile of active forward elevation, 28 shoulders). Statistical analysis associated independent clinical variables with postoperative motion using univariate analysis followed by logistic regression. Results Active shoulder elevation of at least 90° was achieved 12 months postoperatively in 259 subjects (90%). Upon comparison with group II (<90° elevation), subjects in group I (≥145° elevation) were found to have improved postoperative active elevation and relatively younger age, lower American Society of Anesthesiologists score, increased preoperative active elevation, increased shoulder strength, increased passive elevation, decreased elevation lag, increased active and passive external rotation, and improved validated outcome scores. When assessing significant preoperative variables, the only independent predictor of improved postoperative forward elevation was preoperative active forward elevation. Conclusion These findings illuminate significant factors in the ability to achieve functional active shoulder elevation after primary RTSA. They may help surgeons appropriately counsel patients about anticipated functional prognosis following primary RTSA.
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Lu-Yao, Grace L., William Kevin Kelly, and Andrew E. Chapman. "Advanced age and prostate cancer specific mortality among geriatric patients with metastatic prostate cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2018): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.6_suppl.319.
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319 Background: Data from clinical trials has shown that octogenarians are at increased risk for prostate cancer specific mortality (PCSM). Patients with significant comorbidities were excluded from the trials; consequently, the findings from clinical trials may not be applicable to the general population. Data on patients age 80+ with metastatic prostate cancer in the general population are limited. This population-based study assesses PCSM for metastatic prostate cancer patients diagnosed at age 70+. Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, identified 418,982 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer at age 70+ between 01/01/2004-12/31/13, of which 12,749 had metastatic prostate cancer. The SEER database covers about 28% of the US population from all racial/ethnic groups. We used Cox proportional hazards (PH) model to calculate cause specific hazard ratio adjusted by age, race, marital status, urban-rural classification, income level, insurance type, primary cancer therapy, stage, and diagnosis period. Results: Of the 12,749 patients, 49.4% of the patients were in their 70's and 8.3% in their 90's+, with 79.1% of patients white and 57.1% married. About 17% of these patients received radiotherapy as their primary cancer treatment. The distribution of M1 subtype is: M1a (4.2%), M1b (68.5%), M1c (22.7%), M1 Not Otherwise Specified (or NOS,4.6%). The median survival for patients with M1 prostate cancer aged 70-79, 80-89 and 90+ were 25, 15, and 7 months, respectively. Compared to patients diagnosed in their 70's, there was 38% and 109% increase in PCSM among those diagnosed at ages 80-89 and 90+ respectively (Table). Conclusions: PCSM increases among geriatric patients with metastatic prostate cancer after accounting for potential confounding factors. Further investigation is needed to shed light on the underlying biological mechanisms. [Table: see text]
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Motyer, Ronan, John Thornton, Sarah Power, Paul Brennan, Alan O’Hare, Seamus Looby, David J. Williams, Barry Moynihan, and Sean Murphy. "Endovascular thrombectomy beyond 12 hours of stroke onset: a stroke network’s experience of late intervention." Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 10, no. 11 (February 19, 2018): 1043–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2017-013575.
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BackgroundSelected patients with proximal anterior circulation ischemic stroke who demonstrate limited infarct and sufficient penumbra may benefit from endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) beyond conventional time limits.ObjectiveTo perform a retrospective review of all cases of EVT performed at our institution for proximal anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke with onset >12 hours.Materials and methodsPatients were assessed with non-contrast CT brain and multiphase CT angiography, with Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) and collateral grade informing patient selection. Data, including patient demographics, workflow, neuroimaging findings, procedural details, recanalization rates, and 90-day functional outcomes, were collected.ResultsOf the 542 consecutive endovascular thrombectomy cases performed during the study period, 25 (4.6%) were >12 hours from stroke onset. Median age was 69 years (IQR 55–80), median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score on presentation was 14 (IQR 11–18.5), median ASPECTS was 8 (IQR 8–9), and rate of moderate–good collateral status was 96% (n=24). Median time to groin puncture was 14 hours 40 min (IQR 12 hours 36 min – 16 hours 18 min). Rate of successful recanalization (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral infarction 2b–3) was 88% (n=22). Rate of functional independence (90-day modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) was 52% (n=13). There were no cases of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage and 90-day mortality rate was 12% (n=3).ConclusionWith the use of ASPECTS and collateral grade to guide patient selection, good functional outcome with acceptable safety parameters may be achieved in patients undergoing EVT beyond 12 hours from stroke onset.
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Baldwin, JR, JC Fleishaker, NE Azie, and BJ Carel. "A Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics and Tolerability of the Anti-Migraine Compound Almotriptan in Healthy Adolescents and Adults." Cephalalgia 24, no. 4 (April 2004): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2004.00673.x.
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This study was designed to assess and compare the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of almotriptan, a 5-HT1B/1D agonist used to treat migraine attacks, in adolescents and adults. Healthy adolescents ( n = 18) and adults ( n = 18) received a single 12.5-mg dose of almotriptan after fasting overnight. Plasma and urinary almotriptan concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters of almotriptan were determined by non-compartment analysis. The 90% confidence interval (CI) approach was employed to assess age effects. Mean Cmax, tmax, area under the curve (AUC 0-∞), half-life, and percentage excreted in urine were nearly identical for the two populations. Mean oral (CLPO) and renal (CLR) clearances were similar between the age groups; however, weight-corrected CLPO was approximately 32% higher (90% CI 16, 51) in adolescents compared with adults. The higher weight-corrected CLPO appeared to offset increases in exposure expected on the basis of lower body weight in adolescents. The findings were the same when a subgroup ( n = 9) of 12-14-year old children was compared with adults. The type, incidence and severity of adverse events were similar between the two age groups and were consistent with those reported previously during adult clinical trials. Based on these pharmacokinetic and tolerability findings, no dose adjustment for almotriptan would be required when treating patients as young as 12 years old.
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Braun, Joseph M., Jessie P. Buckley, Kim M. Cecil, Aimin Chen, Heidi J. Kalkwarf, Bruce P. Lanphear, Yingying Xu, Anastasia Woeste, and Kimberly Yolton. "Adolescent follow-up in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study: cohort profile." BMJ Open 10, no. 5 (May 2020): e034838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034838.
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PurposeEnvironmental chemical exposures may adversely affect an array of adolescent health outcomes. Thus, we used the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) study, a prospective cohort that recruited pregnant women and conducted longitudinal follow-up on children over the first 12 years of life, to determine if and when chemical exposures affect adolescent health.ParticipantsWe recruited 468 pregnant women (age range: 18–45 years) from the Cincinnati, Ohio region to participate in a cohort study between March 2003 and January 2006. Follow-up included two clinic and one home visits during pregnancy, a delivery hospital visit, and four home and six clinic visits when children were aged 4 weeks and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8 years. Of 441 children available for follow-up, 396 (90%) completed at least one follow-up and 256 (58%) completed the most recent follow-up at 12 years of age (range: 11–14).Findings to dateOur new measures include maternal/child report of internalising symptoms, neuroimaging, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived estimates of lean/adipose tissue and bone mineral density, and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers. We assessed adolescent exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances, phenols, phthalates and flame retardants. Participants completing follow-up at 12 years of age were similar to the original cohort in terms of baseline factors. Most children had typical and expected values for this age on measures of internalising symptoms, body composition, bone density and cardiometabolic risk markers. Notably, 36% and 11% of children had scores indicative of potential anxiety and depressive disorders, respectively. Approximately 35% of children were overweight or obese, with higher prevalence among girls. Thirty-three per cent of children had borderline or high triglyceride concentrations (>90 mg/dL).Future plansWe will examine associations of early life environmental chemical exposures with adolescent health measures while considering potential periods of heightened susceptibility and mixture effects.Trial registration numberNCT00129324.
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Armbrecht, H. J., M. A. Boltz, and V. B. Kumar. "Intestinal plasma membrane calcium pump protein and its induction by 1,25(OH)2D3 decrease with age." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 277, no. 1 (July 1, 1999): G41—G47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1999.277.1.g41.
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The plasma membrane Ca pump of intestinal absorptive cells has been proposed as a component in the vitamin D-dependent active transport of Ca. Because intestinal Ca transport declines with age, the purpose of this study was to determine if changes in Ca pump expression parallel this decline. Intestinal levels of the plasma membrane Ca pump protein were measured by Western blotting in Fischer 344 rats that were 2, 12, and 24 mo of age. Ca pump protein levels declined by 90% in the duodenum and 65% in the ileum between 2 and 12 mo of age, the time during which active Ca transport declines markedly. The effect of age on the induction of the Ca pump by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3], the active metabolite of vitamin D, was determined. Rats were made deficient in 1,25(OH)2D3 by feeding a high-strontium diet, and they were then dosed with 1,25(OH)2D3 or vehicle at 48, 24, and 6 h. In 12-mo-old rats 1,25(OH)2D3 induced duodenal Ca pump protein to only 39% and active Ca transport to 33% of that seen in 2-mo-old animals. These studies demonstrate that decreased expression of the plasma membrane Ca pump protein, along with calbindin protein, parallels the decline in intestinal Ca transport and its response to 1,25(OH)2D3 with age.
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Moltó, José, Marta Valle, Cristina Miranda, Samandhy Cedeño, Eugenia Negredo, and Bonaventura Clotet. "Effect of Milk Thistle on the Pharmacokinetics of Darunavir-Ritonavir in HIV-Infected Patients." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 6 (March 19, 2012): 2837–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00025-12.
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ABSTRACTThe aim of this open-label, fixed-sequence study was to investigate the potential of the botanical supplement milk thistle (silymarin) to interact with the boosted protease inhibitor combination darunavir-ritonavir. Fifteen HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy with darunavir-ritonavir (600/100 mg twice daily) for at least 4 weeks were included. Silymarin (150 mg every 8 h) was added to the antiretroviral treatment from days 1 to 14. Darunavir concentrations in plasma were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography immediately before and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h after a morning dose of darunavir-ritonavir on day 0 and darunavir-ritonavir plus silymarin on day 14. Individual darunavir pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental analysis and compared between days 0 and 14 by means of the geometric mean ratio (GMR) and its 90% confidence interval (CI). The median age was 48 years (interquartile range, 44 to 50 years), and the median body weight was 70 kg (interquartile range, 65 to 84 kg). Silymarin was well tolerated, and all participants completed the study. The GMRs for darunavir coadministered with silymarin relative to darunavir alone were 0.86 (90% CI, 0.70 to 1.05) for the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 h, 0.83 (90% CI, 0.80 to 0.98) for the maximum concentration, and 0.94 (90% CI, 0.73 to 1.19) for the concentration at the end of the dosing interval. In summary, coadministration of silymarin with darunavir-ritonavir seems to be safe in HIV-infected patients; no dose adjustment for darunavir-ritonavir seems to be necessary.
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Wadhwa, Roopma, Takashi Taketa, Arlene M. Correa, Kazuki Sudo, Mariela A. Blum, Maria-Claudia Campagna, Ritsuko Komaki, et al. "Incidence of brain metastases following trimodality therapy (TMT) in patients with esophageal and gastroesophageal (E-EGCJ) cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2013): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.4_suppl.108.
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108 Background: Brain metastases in E-EGJ cancer patients following TMT are considered rare. We reviewed the cumulative incidence of brain metastases in a large cohort of patients who underwent TMT and had a long follow-up. Methods: Data were analyzedretrospectively for 579 E-EGJ cancer patients who underwent TMT between years 2000 and 2010. None had screening or surveillance brain imaging. Results: Median follow-up time was 57.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 51.5-63.3 months). Common patient characteristics were as follows: median age: 59.5 years (range, 39-74 years), Caucasian ethnicity (90%), male gender (85%), pre-treatment clinical stage III (65%), and adenocarcinoma histology (90%). 197 (34%) of 579 patients developed distant metastases and of these 20 (3% of 579 and 10% of 197) patients developed brain metastases. 18 (90%) patients had brain metastases within the first 24 months (12 in the first 12 months and 6 in the following 12 months) of surgery. 18 (90%) of patients were symptomatic at diagnosis. 15 (75%) of 20 patients had a single metastasis, however, only 4 (25%) patients survived >20 months (overall survival times were [in months]: 20, 30, 92 and 137). The median overall survival time of all 20 patients was 10.8 months (95% CI: 4.7-16.9). Conclusions: 3% of patients with E-EGJ cancer developed brain metastases after TMT and 90% of these occurred within the first 24 months of surgery. A few patients survived ≥20 months. These data rule out the use of screening and surveillance brain imaging for TMT-eligible patients. Supported by UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Clinical Research and Generous Donors.
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Thiessen, R. B., and St C. S. Taylor. "Inter-age correlations of food conversion efficiency with body weight, growth rate and food intake within and between British breeds of cattle." Animal Science 43, no. 1 (August 1986): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100018365.
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ABSTRACTIn a multibreed experiment 306 females from 25 British breeds of cattle were given a standard pelleted diet ad libitum. Correlations of food conversion efficiency (FCE) with body weight, weight gain, and food intake were studied over 12-week and longer periods from 12 to 72 weeks of age. Inter-age correlations of FCE with itself and the other traits were also studied over age intervals separated by 12, 24, 36 and 48 weeks. The between-breed correlations were genetic while the within-breed correlations were phenotypic.Between breeds, FCE measured over the full age range from 12 to 72 weeks appeared to be very highly correlated with FCE measured over the 12-week period between 24 and 36 weeks of age. Correlations of 12 to 72 week FCE with traits not requiring measurement of food intake were much lower, being at most 0·77 for weight gain, 0·73 for weight gain per unit body weight and 0·57 for body weight. The pattern of correlations implied that over constant age ranges the larger faster-growing breeds with high intakes tended to be more efficient; however, these correlations were generated primarily at early ages between 12 and 36 weeks and FCE at later ages could not be predicted from other traits measured at earlier ages. Nevertheless, between-breed selection to improve FCE by indirect selection on body weight and weight gain could be effective but there would appear to be no advantage in waiting beyond 1 year of age.Within breeds, correlations of 12 to 72 week FCE with FCE measured over 12-week periods increased with age from 0·24 to 0·61. Correlations of FCE with weight gain in the same 12-week periods were quite high (0·49 to 0·89) and those with weight gain per unit weight were invaribly higher (0·68 to 0·90). However, as a predictor of FCE in any subsequent period, weight gain per unit body weight was poor and weight gain of no value whatsoever. There was no strong association of FCE with body weight.
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Nikolaeva, Elena, Elvira Dunaevskaya, Svetlana Burkova, Svetlana Nikiforova, and Vera Merenkova. "Age characteristics of the working memory." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 07016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125807016.
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This paper raises the question of the relationship between two mechanisms of working memory - Retrieval-Induced Forgetting (RIF) and Retrieval-Based Learning (RBL) in ontogenesis. Working memory is an element of executive functions, the effectiveness of which predetermines the success of learning, which determines the importance of studying the mechanisms of its implementation. RIF is a deterioration in the reproduction of subsequent stimuli as a result of reproduction of previous stimuli that are similar in some parameter. RBL is the reverse process, in which each subsequent reproduction in the working memory leads to better memorization of information when the memory is repeatedly tested. Comparison of works representing specific ages of the subjects does not allow us to imagine the complete change in the interaction of the two mechanisms with age. This is what became the task of this study. An original computerized technique was used (Razumnikova et al., 2016) which had been designed to memorize visual objects presented on a computer screen. The technique included three series, during which the same set of simple objects were presented, but the order of the presentation varied from series to series. The study involved 201 children: 17 children who were 3-4 years old, 90 children who were 5-7 years old, 47 children 10-11 who were years old and 47 children who were 12-14 years old. It is shown that RIF processes are mostly formed in children 3-4 years old. The effectiveness of RBL increases with age and reaches its greatest values by adolescence.
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S., Prasanth K., and Bindu S. "Sustained viral remission with directly acting antivirals in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C among adolescent (12-17 years) survivors of childhood leukemia." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 8, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 1735. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20213739.
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Studies from India highlight the high prevalence of hepatitis C (6-25%) infection in survivors of childhood cancers. Recently Directly acting antivirals (DAA) have been approved for treatment of Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in children >12 years of age. Even though there are reports of efficacy and safety of DAAs in the treatment of CHC in hematologic disorders like thalassemia, there is minimal data on the efficacy of DAA in the management of chronic hepatitis C among adolescent survivors of childhood leukaemia. We performed this retrospective analysis to study Sustained viral remission (SVR) with DAA in the treatment of CHC among adolescent (12-17 years) survivors of childhood leukemia. This study also aimed to analyze the genotypic profile of hepatitis C virus and adverse effects of the DAA in this group of adolescents (12-17 years). 5 adolescents (12-17 years) who were diagnosed with CHC during August 2017 to May 2020 were enrolled in this observational study. All belonged to genotype 1; received DAA regimen comprising of sofosbuvir 400 mg and ledipasvir 90 mg for 12 weeks with good drug compliance and no major adverse effects. All of them attained SVR at 12 weeks after completing treatment. This study among adolescent survivors of childhood leukaemia with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1, augments data regarding efficacy of a 12 weeks DAA regimen comprising of sofosbuvir 400 mg and ledipasvir 90 mg in the attainment of SVR at 12 weeks after completing treatment.
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Angamuthu, Dharmalingam, Chandru Bhaskar, and Nalini Aswathaman. "A retrospective study on prevalence, bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of urinary tract infection in children of 2-12 years age in a tertiary care centre, Puducherry, India." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 5 (August 23, 2019): 1818. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20193588.
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Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common cause of acute bacterial illness in infants and children(1).Diagnosis is often missed in infants and children as urinary symptoms are minimal and nonspecific. It is becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among organisms.Method: It was done as a retrospective cross sectional study conducted on Children of 2-12 years of age suspected to have UTI from January 2018 to December 2018 in Pediatric Department of AVMCH.Results: Out of 286 children with symptoms suggestive of Urinary tract infection, 22(7.7%) were found to have culture positive UTI with 9.2% prevalence in 2-6 years age group as against 6.4% in 7-12 years of age group. Culture positive UTI was predominantly found in males in 2-6 years age group as against female predominance in 7-12 years age group. E. coli (45.5%) was the commonest organism isolated among them followed by Klebsiella. 90% of organisms were sensitive to Nitrofurantoin and 80% were sensitive to Amikacin(80%).Discussion: Culture positive UTI rate varies with gender and age group. It was predominantly found in males in 2-6 years age group as against female predominance in 7-12 years age group. E. coli and Klebsieella were the most common organisms with predominant sensitivity to Nitrofurantoin and Amikacin similar to other studies. Limitation of this study Retrospective study, small sample size and follow up for complications not done.Conclusion: This study concludes E. coli and Klebsieella were the most common organisms with predominant sensitivity to Nitrofurantoin and Amikacin. Antibiotics need to be selected based on organisms and their sensitivity pattern.
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Conus, P., S. M. Cotton, and P. D. McGorry. "Age at the Onset of a First Episode of Psychotic Mania: Does it Have an Impact on Outcome?" European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.094.
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PurposeStudies conducted in child psychiatry suggest that patients with earlier onset of psychosis have poorer outcome. Similar findings have been published regarding onset of bipolar disorder. However, few studies have been conducted in youth mental health program where these patients may actually receive treatment. Identification of subgroups with distinct need and outcome among first episode mania patients would facilitate the development of specific treatment strategies better suited to the actual needs of patients.MethodsSixty-seven patients with a first episode of psychotic mania were followed up over 12 months after recovery from this initial episode. Syndromic and symptomatic outcome were determined with the brief psychiatric rating scale, functional outcome with the quality of life scale and premorbid adjustment scale sub items.ResultsWhile 90% of patients achieved syndromic recovery (disappearance of manic syndrome) at 6 and 12 months, 40% had not recovered symptomatically, still presenting with depression and anxiety. Return to previous level of functioning was achieved only by 34% of patients at 6 months and 39% at 12 months. Age at the time of first manic episode with psychotic features was a significant predictor of recovery of functional level.ConclusionsWhile manic symptoms reduce quickly in most patients after a first episode of psychotic mania, an important number of patients still display symptoms of depression and anxiety after 12 months and 2/3 do not reach functional recovery. Younger age at first episode predicts risk of poorer functional outcome.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Meade, Christina M., Martina Badell, Stephanie Hackett, C. Christina Mehta, Lisa B. Haddad, Andres Camacho-Gonzalez, Joy Ford, Marcia M. Holstad, Wendy S. Armstrong, and Anandi N. Sheth. "HIV Care Continuum among Postpartum Women Living with HIV in Atlanta." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019 (February 14, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8161495.
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Introduction. While increased healthcare engagement and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence occurs during pregnancy, women living with HIV (WLWH) are often lost to follow-up after delivery. We sought to evaluate postpartum retention in care and viral suppression and to identify associated factors among WLWH in a large public hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. Methods. Data from the time of entry into prenatal care until 24 months postpartum were collected by chart review from WLWH who delivered with ≥20 weeks gestational age from 2011 to 2016. Primary outcomes were retention in HIV care (two HIV care visits or viral load measurements >90 days apart) and viral suppression (<200 copies/mL) at 12 and 24 months postpartum. Obstetric and contraception data were also collected. Results. Among 207 women, 80% attended an HIV primary care visit in a mean 124 days after delivery. At 12 and 24 months, respectively, 47% and 34% of women were retained in care and 41% and 30% of women were virally suppressed. Attending an HIV care visit within 90 days postpartum was associated with retention in care at 12 months (aOR 3.66, 95%CI 1.72-7.77) and 24 months (aOR 4.71, 95%CI 2.00-11.10) postpartum. Receiving ART at pregnancy diagnosis (aOR 2.29, 95%CI 1.11-4.74), viral suppression at delivery (aOR 3.44, 95%CI 1.39-8.50), and attending an HIV care visit within 90 days postpartum (aOR 2.40, 95%CI 1.12-5.16) were associated with 12-month viral suppression, and older age (aOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.18) was associated with 24-month viral suppression. Conclusions. Long-term retention in HIV care and viral suppression are low in this population of postpartum WLWH. Prompt transition to HIV care in the postpartum period was the strongest predictor of optimal HIV outcomes. Efforts supporting women during the postpartum transition from obstetric to HIV primary care may improve long-term HIV outcomes in women.