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Journal articles on the topic 'Age 4-7'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Oliver, B. R., P. S. Dale, and R. Plomin. "Predicting Literacy at Age 7 From Preliteracy at Age 4: A Longitudinal Genetic Analysis." Psychological Science 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 861–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01627.x.

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Birch, Eileen E., Yolanda S. Castaneda, Christina Cheng-Patel, Sarah E. Morale, Cynthia Beauchamp, Lori Dao, and Krista R. Kelly. "Self-esteem in strabismic and anisometropic children age 4-7 years." Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 21, no. 4 (August 2017): e22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2017.07.073.

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Schneer, Cecil J. "Origins of mineralogy: the age of Agricola." European Journal of Mineralogy 7, no. 4 (August 1, 1995): 721–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/7/4/0721.

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4

Jang, Hyunsung, and Seunghee Ha. "Protophone Development at 4-6 Months and 7-9 Months of Age." Communication Sciences & Disorders 24, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12963/csd.19641.

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5

Carraro, G., D. Geisler, G. Baume, R. Vazquez, and A. Moitinho. "The intermediate-age open clusters Ruprecht 4, Ruprecht 7 and Pismis 15." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 360, no. 2 (June 21, 2005): 655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09054.x.

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6

Durão, Catarina, Milton Severo, Andreia Oliveira, Pedro Moreira, António Guerra, Henrique Barros, and Carla Lopes. "Association between dietary patterns and adiposity from 4 to 7 years of age." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 11 (May 23, 2017): 1973–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017000854.

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AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to evaluate the association of 4-year-old children’s dietary patterns with adiposity at 7 years, according to child’s sex, using a conceptual model.DesignProspective cohort study. Diet was assessed using an FFQ. Age- and sex-specific BMI standard deviation scores (Z-scores) were defined according to the WHO. Fat mass percentage (FM%), fat mass index (FMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were also considered, converted into Z-scores using sex-specific means and standard deviations of the current sample. Dietary patterns were identified by latent class analysis and their association with adiposity was estimated by linear regression models.SettingPopulation-based birth cohort Generation XXI (Porto, Portugal, 2005–2006).SubjectsChildren (n 3473) evaluated at both 4 and 7 years of age.ResultsThree dietary patterns were identified: high in energy-dense foods (EDF); low in foods typically consumed at main meals and intermediate in snacks (Snacking); and higher in vegetables and fish and lower in EDF (Healthier, reference). The EDF dietary pattern at 4 years of age was positively associated with later BMI only in girls (β=0·075, 95 % CI 0·009, 0·140, P-interaction=0·046). The EDF dietary pattern was also associated with other adiposity indicators only in girls (FMI: β=0·071, 95 % CI 0·000, 0·142; WHtR: β=0·094, 95 % CI 0·023, 0·164). Snacking was not significantly associated with any marker of adiposity in either girls or boys.ConclusionsAlthough dietary patterns and adiposity persisted across the two ages in both sexes, EDF at 4 years of age increased adiposity at 7 years of age only in girls.

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Mannix, R., E. Fleegler, W. P. Meehan, S. A. Schutzman, K. Hennelly, L. Nigrovic, and L. K. Lee. "Booster Seat Laws and Fatalities in Children 4 to 7 Years of Age." PEDIATRICS 130, no. 6 (November 5, 2012): 996–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-1058.

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8

Masciuch, Sonia, and Kim Kienapple. "The Emergence of Jealousy in Children 4 Months to 7 Years of Age." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 10, no. 3 (August 1993): 421–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407593103008.

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9

Jacoby, Leah. "Booster Seat Laws and Fatalities in Children 4 to 7 Years of Age." Journal of Emergency Medicine 44, no. 3 (March 2013): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.01.013.

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10

Vohr, B. R., S. T. McGarvey, and R. Tucker. "Effects of maternal gestational diabetes on offspring adiposity at 4-7 years of age." Diabetes Care 22, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 1284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diacare.22.8.1284.

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11

Pennequin, Valérie, Olivier Sorel, and Roger Fontaine. "Motor planning between 4 and 7 years of age: Changes linked to executive functions." Brain and Cognition 74, no. 2 (November 2010): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2010.07.003.

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12

Tomasi, Paolo A., Giuseppe Fanciulli, Michele Zini, Maria A. Demontis, Alessandra Dettori, and Giuseppe Delitala. "Pulsatile gonadotrophin secretion in hypothyroid women of reproductive age." European Journal of Endocrinology 136, no. 4 (April 1997): 406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1360406.

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Abstract Hypothyroid women may have various disturbances of the reproductive system. Although menstrual cycle disturbances and infertility have been reported in hypothyroidism, gonadotrophin levels have usually been found in the normal range. We have investigated whether female hypothyroid patients of reproductive age have any alteration in the pulsatile secretory pattern of gonadotrophin secretion. LH and FSH were assayed on days 2–5 of the menstrual cycle in blood samples taken every 10 min for 8 h from six hypothyroid women and six age-matched control subjects. Pulsatility was analysed using the Cluster and Detect programs. There was no significant difference in the number of peaks identified (3·7±0·8 vs 3·7±0·8 for LH, and 3·7±0·8 vs 4·2±0·5 for FSH), the mean duration of peaks (LH: 68·0±6·9 vs 72·±5·1 min; FSH: 81·9±8·1 vs 71·2±10·3 min), the area under the peaks (LH: 91·5±20·4 vs 148·2±55·1IU/l per min; FSH: 71·5±4·5 vs 62·7±15·0IU/l per min), and the incremental amplitude from baseline (LH: 2·2±0·4 vs 3·0±0·8 IU/l; FSH: 1·4±0·2 vs 2·1±0·5IU/l). However, the absolute pulse amplitude was greater in hypothyroid patients (LH: 14·5±1·4 vs 8·3±1·3 IU/l, FSH: 9·0±1·5 vs 5·8±1·2 IU/l, P=0·04), as were the integrated concentrations (LH: 6·6±0·7 vs 3·3±0·4OU/l per min, P<0·01; FSH: 4·3±0·4 vs 2·1±0·5IU/l per min, Oestradiol values were comparable in the two groups 42·7±0·4 vs 43·±9·7 pg/ml). These results indicate that in hypothyroid women there is an increased baseline level with a normal pulsatility of the gonadotrophin secretion. Similar oestrogen levels in both groups, and normal or nearnormal cycles in our patients suggest either a decreased biological potency of the gonadotrophins or a mild ovarian resistance. European Journal of Endocrinology 136 406–409

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Sääkslahti, Arja, Pirkko Numminen, Pia Salo, Juhani Tuominen, Hans Helenius, and Ilkka Välimäki. "Effects of a Three-Year Intervention on Children’s Physical Activity from Age 4 to 7." Pediatric Exercise Science 16, no. 2 (May 2004): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.16.2.167.

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This study focused on the physical activities of 228 children over 3 years. Children were divided into control (n = 112) and intervention (n = 116) groups. Parents of intervention-group children received information and concrete suggestions on how, when, and where to encourage their child’s physical activity. Children in the intervention group spent more time playing outdoors (p = .041) than did children in the control group, and play in the high-activity category increased with age (p < .001), whereas no change occurred in the control group. Our study showed that children’s physical activity could be increased via family-based intervention.

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14

Gren, N. M. "YOUTH MOVEMENTS AGAINST AGE DISCRIMINATION." Juridical scientific and electronic journal, no. 4 (2021): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2021-4/7.

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15

ANDRÉ, Hercílio Paulino, Sarah Aparecida VIEIRA, Sylvia do Carmo Castro FRANCESCHINI, Andréia Queiroz RIBEIRO, Helen Hermana Miranda HERMSDORFF, and Silvia Eloiza PRIORE. "Factors associated with the iron nutritional status of Brazilian children aged 4 to 7 years." Revista de Nutrição 30, no. 3 (June 2017): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652017000300007.

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ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate factors associated with the iron nutritional status of Brazilian children aged 4 to 7 years in the city of Viçosa, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of 357 children aged 4-7 years who had been followed-up up for during their first six months of life by the Breastfeeding Support Program. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, feeding practices, nutritional status (height-for-age and body mass index-for-age), and serum ferritin and hemoglobin concentrations were evaluated. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to evaluate factors independently associated with iron nutritional status (hemoglobin and ferritin), considering α=0.05 as the significance level. Results The prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency was (34) 9.52% and (11) 11.00%, respectively. The factors independently associated with anemia were younger child age, low maternal education, low height-for-age Z-scores, and children of single and separated mothers or widows. Iron deficiency was associated with child younger age and consumption of chocolates and chocolate flavored milk. Conclusion The results obtained allow us to conclude that anemia among children 4-7 years of age is a public health problem in the city of Viçosa, Minas Gerais. Therefore, there is a need for intervention measures targeting children in this age group. These measures can be implemented through food and nutritional education by encouraging the consumption of iron-rich foods.

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Lindgren, Josefin. "Comprehension and production of narrative macrostructure in Swedish: A longitudinal study from age 4 to 7." First Language 39, no. 4 (April 15, 2019): 412–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723719844089.

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This article reports results from a longitudinal study from age 4 to 7 of comprehension and production of narrative macrostructure in Swedish monolingual children ( N = 17). Baby Birds/ Baby Goats from the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (LITMUS-MAIN) were used to elicit narratives and ask comprehension questions at age 4;4, 5;10 and 7;4. Results showed a steep development from age 4;4 to 5;10 in both comprehension and production of macrostructure, but only some further development in comprehension to age 7;4. For the measures studied, children seem to reach a plateau around age 6. Consistent differences between comprehension and production (higher scores in comprehension) and between stories (higher scores on Baby Goats) were found across time points.

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Tye-Murray, Nancy, Sandra Hale, Brent Spehar, Joel Myerson, and Mitchell S. Sommers. "Lipreading in School-Age Children: The Roles of Age, Hearing Status, and Cognitive Ability." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 57, no. 2 (April 2014): 556–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2013_jslhr-h-12-0273.

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Purpose The study addressed three research questions: Does lipreading improve between the ages of 7 and 14 years? Does hearing loss affect the development of lipreading? How do individual differences in lipreading relate to other abilities? Method Forty children with normal hearing (NH) and 24 with hearing loss (HL) were tested using 4 lipreading instruments plus measures of perceptual, cognitive, and linguistic abilities. Results For both groups, lipreading performance improved with age on all 4 measures of lipreading, with the HL group performing better than the NH group. Scores from the 4 measures loaded strongly on a single principal component. Only age, hearing status, and visuospatial working memory were significant predictors of lipreading performance. Conclusions Results showed that children's lipreading ability is not fixed but rather improves between 7 and 14 years of age. The finding that children with HL lipread better than those with NH suggests experience plays an important role in the development of this ability. In addition to age and hearing status, visuospatial working memory predicts lipreading performance in children, just as it does in adults. Future research on the developmental time-course of lipreading could permit interventions and pedagogies to be targeted at periods in which improvement is most likely to occur.

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18

Тодиев, Александр. "Eschatology in the Intertestamental Period in Light of 4 Ezra 6, 7-10." Библейские схолии, no. 1(1) (June 15, 2020): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/bsch.2020.1.1.005.

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Материал статьи посвящён библейской эсхатологии. В межзаветной апокалиптической литературе жизнь мира делилась обыкновенно на две половины или же на два века: «нынешний век», «грядущий век». Для Ездры концепция «двух веков» является магистральной. В статье рассматривается аллегорическое переложение в 3 Езд. данной эсхатологической темы на мотив истории Иакова и Исава. Отмечена историософская традиция толкования 3 Езд. 6, 7-10. The article is devoted to the biblical eschatology. In the intertestamental apocalyptic literature the life of the world is divided commonly into two halves, or into two ages: «this age», «the coming age». For 4 Ezra the concept of «two ages» is in the mainline. The article considers the allegorical arrangement in 4 Ezra of the mentioned eschatological theme according to the of the story of Jacob and Esau. There is marked the historiosophical tradition of interpretation 4 Ezra 6, 7-10.

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Steele, Emily, Evelyn Wong, Amalia Karahalios, Shae Johnson, Karen Weston, Peter Kremer, Andrea de Silva, Elise Davis, Terry Nolan, and Elizabeth Waters. "The Influence of Social Disadvantage on Children's Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties at Age 4-7 Years." Journal of Pediatrics 167, no. 2 (August 2015): 442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.04.054.

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20

Hall, J. L., R. S. Mazzeo, D. A. Podolin, G. D. Cartee, and W. C. Stanley. "Exercise training does not compensate for age-related decrease in myocardial GLUT-4 content." Journal of Applied Physiology 76, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 328–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.76.1.328.

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We assessed the effects of age and endurance exercise training (treadmill running at 75% maximal running capacity, 1 h/day, 5 days/wk for 10 wk) on the total concentration of insulin-regulatable glucose transporters (GLUT-4) and GLUT-4 mRNA levels in the myocardium of male Fischer 344 rats aged 7, 15, and 25 mo. Myocardial GLUT-4 concentration was quantified with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting and detected with a polyclonal antibody to the GLUT-4 transporter. Myocardial GLUT-4 mRNA levels were quantified with slot-blot analysis and a cDNA probe for GLUT-4. Myocardial GLUT-4 concentration in the 25-mo group decreased 27 and 20% compared with the 7- and 15-mo group, respectively (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.003). GLUT-4 mRNA also decreased significantly in the 25-mo group compared with the 7-mo group (20% in the trained and 11% in the untrained group, P < 0.05). Endurance training did not significantly affect myocardial GLUT-4 concentrations in any age group despite a significant increase in GLUT-4 mRNA in the 7- and 25-mo trained groups. In conclusion, myocardial GLUT-4 protein levels in the rat are significantly decreased with age but are unaffected by 10 wk of treadmill running.

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Morales Belando, María de la Trinidad, and José Luis Arias-Estero. "Diferencias entre el juego 7 vs. 7 y el 4 vs. 4 en el balonmano escolar en relación al rendimiento, percepción del esfuerzo y la intencionalidad de práctica (Differences between the 7 vs. 7 and 4 vs. 4 game handball at school in relation to performance, p." Retos, no. 27 (March 5, 2015): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i27.34344.

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El profesorado de Educación Física cuenta con evidencias procedentes del ámbito deportivo, pero no así del escolar, para planificar las clases destinadas a la enseñanza de los deportes de invasión utilizando juegos reducidos. El objetivo fue comprobar si la situación de juego 4 contra 4 propuesta permitió obtener mayores valores en las variables que determinan el rendimiento general de juego, la percepción de esfuerzo y la intencionalidad de práctica futura en comparación con la situación de juego 7 contra 7, de modo general y por nivel de rendimiento deportivo en balonmano. Participaron 22 alumnos (edad: M = 14.5, DT = .5 años) en un total de seis sesiones, tres de cada modalidad de juego. Las diferencias estadísticamente significativas halladas revelaron un aumento de la implicación y la percepción de esfuerzo con el juego 4 contra 4. No hubieron diferencias en las demás variables. Tanto los alumnos de nivel alto como los de bajo obtuvieron una mayor implicación en el juego 4 contra 4.Palabras clave. Análisis de juego, juegos modificados, juegos reducidos, modelo comprensivo, iniciación deportiva, RPE, adherencia, GPAIAbstract. Physical Education teachers have evidence from sports field to plan lessons for teaching invasion sports games using small-sided games. The aim was to test whether the 4 vs. 4 game situation yielded higher values in the variables that determine general game performance, rating of perceived exertion and intention to be physically active in comparison to the 7 vs. 7 game situation, in general and by students handball performance level. Participants were 22 students (age: M = 14.5, SD = .5 years old). They participated in a total of six sessions, three of each type of game. Statistically significant differences revealed an increase in involvement and ratings of perceived exertion when the participants played in the 4 vs. 4 game. There were not differences in other variables. Both low- and high-level students obtained a greater involvement in the 4 vs. 4 game.Keywords. Game analysis, modified games, small-sided games, teaching games for understanding, youth sport, RPE, adherence, GPAI

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22

Aizenshtadt, Lubov V., Tatyana Yu Vladimirova, Alexandr V. Kurenkov, and Anastasia M. Kashapova. "Estimation of auditory threshold in an extended frequency range in elderly people." Science and Innovations in Medicine 4, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35693/2500-1388-2019-4-4-7-4.

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Objectives - to study hearing thresholds at high frequencies in elderly and senile patients, taking into account the age norm and the presence of comorbid diseases. Material and methods. 111 patients aged from 50 to 97 years (mean age 70.5 ± 2.1) were examined, their age, auditory function, and concomitant diseases were also registered. Results. The measured average auditory thresholds at high frequencies, if compared to the age-related standards for auditory sensitivity, have revealed an underestimated hearing loss in 12.6% of patients. The presence of concomitant diseases has a significant impact on the development of chronic sensorineural hearing loss in each age group. Conclusion. Audiometry in an extended frequency range in elderly patients with concurrent diseases can improve the hearing examination algorithm.

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Bar-Haim, Yair, Koraly Pérez-Edgar, Nathan A. Fox, JoAnne M. Beck, Gerard M. West, Robinder K. Bhangoo, Frances S. Myers, and Ellen Leibenluft. "The emergence of childhood bipolar disorder: a prospective study from 4 months to 7 years of age." Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 23, no. 4 (November 2002): 431–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0193-3973(02)00127-2.

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Tsukahara, Hirokazu, Yasuhiro Watanabe, Motoko Yasutomi, Ritsuyo Kobata, Satoshi Tamura, Kouki Kimura, Masahiro Hiraoka, and Mitsufumi Mayumi. "Early (4–7 Days of Age) Dexamethasone Therapy for Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease in Preterm Infants." Neonatology 76, no. 5 (1999): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000014170.

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Klebanoff, Mark A., and Sarah A. Keim. "Maternal Caffeine Intake During Pregnancy and Child Cognition and Behavior at 4 and 7 Years of Age." American Journal of Epidemiology 182, no. 12 (November 18, 2015): 1023–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwv136.

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Carvalho Silva, Cátia, Sandra Gavinha, Sofia Vilela, Rita Rodrigues, Maria Conceição Manso, Milton Severo, Carla Lopes, and Paulo Melo. "Dietary Patterns and Oral Health Behaviours Associated with Caries Development from 4 to 7 Years of Age." Life 11, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11070609.

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The association between modifiable risk factors and caries in children has been documented; however, most studies have been cross-sectional and have not considered the complexity of dietary factors and oral health habits. This study aimed to investigate the prospective association between dietary patterns and oral health behaviours at 4 years of age and the development of new decayed, missing, and filled teeth (d3–6mft/D3–6MFT) over a period of three years. Participants were children from the Generation XXI population-based birth cohort. At 4 years of age, diet patterns were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, with three dietary patterns being identified. For the purpose of capturing the new development of caries between 4 and 7 years of age, two dental outcomes were defined in the mixed dentition: “dental caries development” and “severe dental caries development” in the mixed dentition. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used. From 4 to 7 years of age, 51.2% of the children had at least one new d3–6mft/D3–6MFT and 27.4% had more than two new d3–6mft/D3–6MFT. Children belonging to the “energy-dense foods” (OR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.20–4.00) and “snacking” (OR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.41–3.41) dietary patterns at 4 years old were associated with severe dental caries development three years later. Preventive strategies should be implemented in an attempt to reduce snacking and the consumption of energy-dense, micronutrient-poor foods to promote children’s oral health.

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Fan, Liheng, Meichen Zhan, Wenjing Qing, Tan Gao, and Mengying Wang. "The Short-Term Impact of Animation on the Executive Function of Children Aged 4 to 7." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 15, 2021): 8616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168616.

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Research has shown that animation plays an important role in the development of children’s executive function (EF), and the development of EF components, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, is asynchronous. Thus, this study explores the developmental trajectories and animation features (fantasy and pacing) that influence each EF component, by examining 218 children aged 4–7. Pretest information, mainly the childhood EF inventory, was provided by parents: child’s age, age of first exposure to animation, animation viewing time on weekdays and weekends, family income, and parents’ education. The children in each age group were randomly divided into four groups to watch animations comprised of different animation features. After watching, their EF were measured by a day-night task, backward digit-span task, and flexible item-selection task. The results showed that the children’s inhibitory control, working memory and cognitive flexibility levels all improved with age. Highly fantastical animations weakened children’s performance on each subsequent EF task. Pacing had no effect on any of the components of children’s EF. An interactive effect on inhibitory control was only found with fantasy in younger children; specifically, high-fantastical animations had a more pronounced short-lived weakening effect on inhibitory control in younger children (4–6 years) compared with low-fantastical animations. Future research should explore the long-term impact of content rather than the form of animation on younger children’s EF.

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Šilkūnienė, Giedrė, Rasa Žūkienė, Zita Naučienė, Laima Degutytė-Fomins, and Vida Mildažienė. "Impact of Gender and Age on Hyperthermia-Induced Changes in Respiration of Liver Mitochondria." Medicina 54, no. 4 (August 31, 2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina54040062.

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Aim: This study aimed to compare hyperthermia-induced changes in respiration and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in liver mitochondria derived from animals of different gender and age. Methods: The effects of hyperthermia (40–47 °C) on oxidation of different substrates and ROS production were estimated in mitochondria isolated from the liver of male and female rats of the 1–1.5, 3–4, or 6–7 months age. Results: Gender-dependent differences in response of respiration to hyperthermia were the highest at 3–4 months of age, less so at 6–7 months of age, and only minor at juvenile age. Mild hyperthermia (40–42 °C) stimulated pyruvate + malate oxidation in mitochondria of females, but inhibited in mitochondria of males in the 3–4 month age group. The resistance of mitochondrial membrane to hyperthermia was the highest at 3–4 month males, and the lowest in the 6–7 month age group. Inhibition of glutamate + malate oxidation by hyperthermia was caused by thermal inactivation of glutamate dehydrogenase. ROS generation at 37 °C was higher at 1–1.5 month of age, but the increase in ROS generation with rise in temperature in this age group was the smallest, and the strongest in 6–7 month old animals of both genders. Conclusions: The response to hyperthermia varies during the first 6–7 months of life of experimental animals: stronger gender dependence is characteristic at 3–4 months of age, while mitochondria from 6–7 months animals are less resistant to hyperthermia.

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Sugorakova, Amina Midkhatovna, and Aylan Kymzay-oolovna Khertek. "The new data to the question of the age of associations Kaakhem magmatic area (Eastern Tuva)." Geosfernye issledovaniya, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/25421379/4/7.

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Guo, Ling-Yu, Sarita Eisenberg, Phyllis Schneider, and Linda Spencer. "Finite Verb Morphology Composite Between Age 4 and Age 9 for the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument: Reference Data and Psychometric Properties." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 51, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 128–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_lshss-19-0028.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to provide reference data and evaluate the psychometric properties for the finite verb morphology composite (FVMC) measure in children between 4 and 9 years of age from the database of the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument (ENNI; Schneider, Dubé, & Hayward, 2005 ). Method Participants included 377 children between age 4 and age 9, including 300 children with typical language and 77 children with language impairment (LI). Narrative samples were collected using a story generation task. FVMC scores were computed from the samples. Split-half reliability, concurrent criterion validity, and diagnostic accuracy for FVMC were further evaluated. Results Children's performance on FVMC increased significantly between age 4 and age 9 in the typical language and LI groups. Moreover, the correlation coefficients for the split-half reliability and concurrent criterion validity of FVMC were medium to large ( r s ≥ .429, p s < .001) at each age level. The diagnostic accuracy of FVMC was good or acceptable from age 4 to age 7, but it dropped to a poor level at age 8 and age 9. Conclusion With the empirical evidence, FVMC is appropriate for identifying children with LI between age 4 and age 7. The reference data of FVMC could also be used for monitoring treatment progress. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.10073183

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Vourlioti, F., and G. Milonas. "Influence of female age of Trichogramma cacoeciae and host eggs age on its parasitic effectiveness." ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 16 (May 31, 2017): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.11620.

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Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of female age of Trichogramma cacoeciae (Marchai) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and egg age of Lobesia bot rana (Denis & Schiffermueller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on parasitoid effectiveness. It was found that T. cacoecciae females parasitize more frequently 4 days old L. boi rana eggs than younger ones. Furthermore, developmental time of their offspring retarded and percentage of viable eggs decreased when parasitoid larvae fed with older eggs. 7*. cacoecciae females that were 4 days old were more effective in parasitising L. botrana eggs. Rearing the paras ito ids on Sitôt roga ce rea lei la eggs for one generation resulted in a decreased number of parasitised eggs of L boi rana than when reared on Ephestia kit eh niella eggs. The implications of these results in selecting a candidate species for biological control are discussed.

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Suárez, Maria del Mar, and Carmen Muñoz. "Aptitude, age and cognitive development." EUROSLA Yearbook 11 (August 3, 2011): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eurosla.11.03sua.

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In the validation studies of the Modern Language Aptitude Test-Elementary (MLAT-E) (Carroll & Sapon 1967) and its Spanish version, the MLAT-ES (Stansfield & Reed 2005), the total scores across grades increase unsteadily. At no point, though, has this increase been discussed. Similar results are found in the present study, which addresses this issue from two viewpoints, age and the supposed stability of language aptitude. The participants in this study are bilingual Catalan-Spanish children in grades from 3 to 7. 325 participants took the MLAT-ES and 304 participants took its Catalan version (MLAT-EC). The analyses of the children’s performance in both tests suggest that the higher the grade, the higher the final score. However, the difference between the means of the total score is consistently larger between grade 3 and 4 than between the other grades. Besides, this increase seems to plateau between grade 6 and 7. Results are discussed in relation to the influence that children’s age and cognitive development in middle childhood seem to have on children’s language aptitude development.

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Leibholz, Jane. "Threonine supplementation of diets for pigs between 7 and 56 days of age." Animal Science 47, no. 3 (December 1988): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100003627.

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ABSTRACTFifty entire male pigs between 7 and 28 days and 50 entire male pigs between 28 and 56 days of age' were given basal diets containing peanut meal as the protein supplement. These diets contained 4·5 to 6·1 g threonine per kg and were supplemented with graded additions of synthetic L-threonine.It was found that the amount of threonine required for maximum performance and nitrogen retention was 6·6 g/kg dry matter (DM) between 7 and 28 days of age and 5·4 g/kg DM between 28 and 56 days of age. These values were calculated to correspond to 0·43 and 0·36 g threonine per MJ digestible energy.The concentration of threonine in the blood plasma did not give a clear indication of the threonine requirement of the pigs.

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ANDREOLI, Cristiana Santos, Sarah Aparecida RIBEIRO-VIEIRA, Poliana Cristina de Almeida FONSÊCA, Ana Vládia Bandeira MOREIRA, Sônia Machado Rocha RIBEIRO, and Sylvia do Carmo Castro FRANCESCHINI. "Markers of healthy eating habits, water intake, and constipation in children between 4 and 7 years of age." Revista de Nutrição 31, no. 4 (August 2018): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652018000400002.

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ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the association between diet and constipation in children between four and seven years of age. Methods A cross-sectional study with 152 children between 4 and 7 years of age residing in Viçosa, Brazil. Constipation was defined in accordance with the Rome IV diagnostic criteria. Dietary habits were evaluated based on the frequency of food intake using a food diary for three days. Dietary analysis considered foods deemed healthy and unhealthy which could be associated with constipation, as well as the children’s consumption of fruits and vegetables. The amounts of fiber and water consumed were also rated as adequate or inadequate. As part of the analyses, Student’s t-test and the chi-square test were performed with a significance level of p<0.05. Results The prevalence of constipation was 32.2%. Constipation was more common among children who did not consume fruits (p=0.020) or greens (p=0.002), as well as among children who consumed “instant” chocolate drinks (p=0.033). An association was found between the frequent consumption of fried food (p=0.020), a daily water intake lower than 600mL, and constipation (p=0.028). Conclusion Unhealthy eating habits among children, such as the lack of fruit and greens intake and the consumption of “instant” chocolate drinks and fried foods, were found to be positively correlated with constipation. The low fruit and vegetable consumption observed herein reflects the need for changes in children’s eating habits and the implementation of measures to promote the intake of healthy foods.

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Drassinower, D., JA Lavery, AM Friedman, HI Levin, SG Običan, and CV Ananth. "The effect of maternal haematocrit on offspring IQ at 4 and 7 years of age: a secondary analysis." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 123, no. 13 (August 17, 2016): 2087–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.14263.

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Esmyot, Mary Libera Isabelle, Sandra Bonsu, Sihem Immesaoudene, Amrita Viegas, Krishna Vusirikala, and Montasser Mahran. "Re: The effect of maternal haematocrit on offspring IQ at 4 and 7 years age: a secondary analysis." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 124, no. 5 (March 22, 2017): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.14426.

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Chen, Chang, Danni Lu, Lili Xue, Peng Ren, Huijuan Zhang, and Jun Zhang. "Association between Placental Inflammatory Pathology and Offspring Neurodevelopment at 8 Months and 4 and 7 Years of Age." Journal of Pediatrics 225 (October 2020): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.05.049.

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Afonso, Lisa, Carla Lopes, Milton Severo, Susana Santos, Helena Real, Catarina Durão, Pedro Moreira, and Andreia Oliveira. "Bidirectional association between parental child-feeding practices and body mass index at 4 and 7 y of age." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 103, no. 3 (February 3, 2016): 861–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.120824.

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Bernard, Jonathan Y., Barbara Heude, and Cédric Galéra. "Re: “Maternal Caffeine Intake During Pregnancy and Child Cognition and Behavior at 4 and 7 Years of Age”." American Journal of Epidemiology 183, no. 9 (April 6, 2016): 871–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kww027.

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Simon, Laure, Paula Borrego, Dominique Darmaun, Arnaud Legrand, Jean-Christophe Rozé, and Anne Chauty-Frondas. "Effect of sex and gestational age on neonatal body composition." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 6 (July 12, 2012): 1105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512002991.

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To determine the effects of length of gestation and sex on infant body composition, air displacement plethysmography was performed in forty-six full-term neonates at 3 d of life and during the week prior to hospital discharge in 180 preterm neonates. Fat mass, as a percentage of body weight, was higher in preterm than in term infants (13·4 (sd 4·2) v. 10·1 (sd 3·7) %, respectively; P= 0·001). The absolute amount of fat mass did not differ between preterm and full-term newborns (323 (sd 126) v. 335 (sd 138) g; P= 0·58), whereas lean body mass was lower in preterm than in term infants (2055 (sd 280) v. 2937 (sd 259) g, respectively; P< 0·001). Among full-term infants, fat mass was higher in females than in males (11·1 (sd 3·7) v. 9·0 (sd 3·3) %, respectively; P= 0·047), whereas we did not observe any sex difference in preterm infants (13·5 (sd 4·1) v. 13·4 (sd 4·3) %; P= 0·89). Our data suggest that by the time they are discharged from hospital: (1) preterm infants have a higher percentage of body fat than term neonates and (2) this is presumably due to a lesser accretion in lean body mass in the first few weeks of extra-uterine life, particularly in boys.

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Pokharel, Sujal, K. Sharma, and S. Shrestha. "Acquisition of case markers in typically developing 3-7 years old Nepali speaking children." Nepalese Journal of ENT Head and Neck Surgery 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njenthns.v5i1.16855.

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Objective: To describe spoken language case markers of Nepali language, to study their presence in typically developing children in the age of 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, and 6-7 years in the conversational sample and picture description and to report on the frequency of occurrence of these case markers in the obtained sample.Material and Methods: 87 (male=54, female=33) typically developing Nepali speaking children of age range 3-7 years, were randomly selected from english schools at kathmandu (Oriental Academy and Mount Secondary English Boarding School) between June 2011 to June 2012. Participants were assigned into 4 groups (i.e. 3-4 years, 4-5 years, 5-6 years and 6-7 years) according to their age during sample collection. Common case markers of Nepali were selected. Conversational samples were collected and analysed.Results There is a general increase in the acquisition as well as the frequency of usage of any type of case marker with the increase in the age of children. Among the different types of case markers, nominative and locative case marker types are the most developed type of case markers among any age group of children.Conclusion: There is an overall positive progression in the acquisition of types of case markers as well as their frequency of occurrence along with the increase in age of the child in normal typically developing children in Nepali language

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Chakrabarti, Uttayan, Manisha Bais Thakur, and Geetika Khanna. "A Rare Case of Celiac Presenting at an Atypical Age with Multisystem Involvement." International Journal of Celiac Disease 7, no. 3 (December 4, 2019): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/ijcd-7-3-4.

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Panchenko, Alexander. "Channeling, Agency, and Strategic Information: The “Semiotic Ideologies” of New Age Culture." State Religion and Church 7, no. 2 (2020): 4–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2311-3448-2020-7-2-4-23.

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One important aspect of religious practices and representations concerns the way information is handled. This article understands religion as a form of imagination, giving human properties to “nonhuman” agents (and vice versa), and thus, the rules of communication and interaction with such agents play a special role in religious culture. Webb Keane’s theory of “semiotic ideologies” is one tool that facilitates the study of religious norms, expectations, and rules. In New Age culture, practices of “information exchange” with imaginary superhuman agents and transpersonal forces are based on specific psychophysical techniques, often called “channeling” or “contact.” The analysis of specific ethnographic examples related to ufological channeling demonstrates that this practice forms new types of collective agency, a distinctive feature of New Age culture itself.

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Vetokh, Anastasia N., Ludmila A. Volkova, Baylar S. Iolchiev, and Natalia Volkova. "PSII-35 The age-related characteristics of spermatogenesis in gander." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 372–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.655.

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Abstract Cryopreservation of testicular stem cells - spermatogonia is of interest along with the creation of semen cryobanks. During transplantation into recipients’ testes, spermatogenic cells can create a significant population of germ cells in the process of differentiation. The knowledge about spermatogenesis course in males is necessary for the effective selection spermatogenic cells. The research aim was to study the age-related characteristics of spermatogenesis in geese. The histostructure of gander testes (n = 35) at the age of 1 to 7 months was studied. The diameter of seminiferous tubules, and the types and number of spermatogenic cells in them were evaluated. From each gander at least 30 seminiferous tubules were examined. At the age of 1 month, the diameter of the seminiferous tubules was 51±1 μm. In subsequent age periods, this indicator increased and amounted to 63±2, 65±3, 66±2, 79±3, 98±6 and 170±5 μm at the age of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 months, respectively. Diameter increase with the age was associated with an increase of spermatogenic cells number inside tubules. At the 1 months age, the number of spermatogenic cells in one seminiferous tubule did not exceed 22±1. At the age of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 months, this indicator increased by 2.1, 2.7, 3.1, 6.4, 8.5 and 21.2 times. At the age from 1 to 3 months, the main cells types were Sertoli and spermatogonia cells. Primary and secondary spermatocytes from 4 months of age and spermatids from 5 months of age were visualized in the seminiferous tubules. Sperm were detected in the seminiferous tubules at 6 months old, the number of which increased towards the age of 7 months. The study was supported by RSF within Project №16–16–04104.

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Ginzelová, Kristina, Taťjana Dostálová, Hana Eliášová, Alex Vinšů, Antonín Buček, and Michaela Bučková. "Using Dental Age to Estimate Chronological Age in Czech Children Aged 3–18 Years." Prague Medical Report 116, no. 2 (2015): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2015.52.

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The Demirjian methods to determine dental age are based on analysis of orthopantograms. The dental age estimation is based on establishing the tooth development stages. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of estimation of dental age by Demirjian in the use of all of his four methods. 505 Czech healthy boys and girls aged 3 to 18 years were examined radiographically at the Department of Stomatology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague. It was mentioned the factors of underlying diseases influence the accuracy of the dental age estimation. For statistical evaluation, descriptive statistics was used to compare deviations of the mean values of chronological and dental age in each age group. The resulting difference between dental age and chronological age is not significant in both genders only when using both Demirjian 7-teeth methods of 1973 and 1976. Therefore these may be most appropriately used for forensic age estimation. There are shown standard deviation differences in different countries. Demirjian’s original 7-teeth method from 1973 and Demirjian’s revised 4-teeth method from 1976 appear to be the best methods for calculating the dental age of healthy Czech children of both genders.

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Parvy, P. R., J. I. Bardet, D. M. Rabier, and P. P. Kamoun. "Age-related reference values for free amino acids in first morning urine specimens." Clinical Chemistry 34, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 2092–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/34.10.2092.

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Abstract We determined age-related reference values for urinary free amino acids (in mmol/mol creatinine) in first morning urine specimens from 360 control subjects who were divided into nine age groups: birth to 1 month, 1-6 months, 6-12 months, 1-2 years, 2-4 years, 4-7 years, 7-10 years, 10-13 years, and older than 13 years. Except for taurine and 3-methylhistidine, the concentration of all the amino acids decreased with increasing age. The use of these results to detect aminoacidopathies and tubulopathies is discussed.

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Backlund, Eric. "Odense Monographs of Population Aging, Vols. 4–7. Vol. 4, Population at a Glance: Shaded Contour Maps of Demographic Surfaces Over Age and Time." Social Science & Medicine 52, no. 7 (April 2001): 1146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00255-0.

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Wong, Nicole, Jamie Bogle, David Dodick, Jennifer Wethe, Michael Cebette, Marci Howard, Sarah Oakley Holbert, and Amaal Starling. "Time Tandem Gait (TTG) in Athletes 7–16 Years of Age." Neurology 93, no. 14 Supplement 1 (September 30, 2019): S31.2—S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000581136.34646.e2.

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ObjectiveThe goal of the present research was to provide updated normative TTG data for younger athletes and increase understanding of the reliability of the TTG.BackgroundImbalance is a hallmark sign of concussion. The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT-3) suggests using the Modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS) or Timed Tandem Gait (TTG) to evaluate balance function. TTG instructions indicate that times >14 seconds are abnormal as established in individuals between 16-37 years of age (Schneiders et al., 2010). Currently, there is a lack of normative data for the pediatric population.Design/MethodsPre-season TTG data were collected from 363 male and 20 female athletes with no active concussion complaints. The best TTG time out of 4 trials without errors was recorded. In addition, post-season data were collected for 107 male athletes.ResultsResults demonstrated a significant decrease in TTG time with age. Given this improvement, separate expected values were constructed: 7–8 years (21.4 +/− 7 s), 9–10 years (18.56 +/− 6 s), 11–12 years (18 +/− 5 s), 13–14 years (15.8 +/− 4 s), and 15–16 years (14.0 +/− 3 s). Analysis showed a significant improvement in TTG time over the season. Preliminary analysis shows no difference between baseline and post-concussion scores.ConclusionsThese results suggest that TTG time should be established annually. Future research will need to explore the expected amount of change in individuals with post-concussion imbalance.

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Collins, C. L., D. J. Henman, and F. R. Dunshea. "Reduced protein intake during the weaner period has variable effects on subsequent growth and carcass composition of pigs." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 11 (2007): 1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06059.

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In total, 960 pigs (480 castrated males and 480 gilts), selected at ~28 days of age, were used to investigate the effect of restricting protein intake for a short period between 4 and 14 weeks of age. Pigs were selected over an 8-week period in groups of 120 pigs (three pens of 20 castrated males and three pens of 20 gilts per week). Pigs were given ad libitum access to commercial diets from weaning to slaughter. Pens of 20 pigs of each sex were allocated to one of six treatments: control (no restriction), restriction from 4 to 7 weeks of age, restriction from 7 to 10 weeks of age, restriction from 10 to 14 weeks of age, restriction from 4 to 10 weeks of age or a restriction from 4 to 14 weeks of age. During the period of restriction, pigs were offered ad libitum commercial diets that had been reduced in dietary lysine to digestible energy ratio by ~15%. Restricting protein intake between 7 and 10, 4 and 10 and 4 and 14 weeks of age reduced daily gain during the period of restriction. Pigs restricted from 7 to 10 weeks of age had reduced average daily feed intake (5.6%) from 7 to 10 weeks, followed by a reduction in average daily feed intake (5.5%) and improved feed efficiency (6.1%) in the subsequent period from 10 to 17 weeks of age. Daily gain for the entire experimental period was similar for all treatment groups, except those restricted from 7 to 10 weeks of age (3.9% lower than the controls), although there was no treatment effect on carcass weight. Interestingly, backfat was reduced by 10% in these animals compared with the controls, which may be economically beneficial in markets where producers are paid on backfat and carcass weight, such as those selling domestically in the Australian market. Economic benefits of reduced feed costs during both the restriction and realimentation periods were also observed when pigs were restricted from 10 to 14 weeks of age. Any economic benefits from short periods of protein restriction will vary depending on the specific market conditions and the local cost of feed protein sources.

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Barnhart, Robert C., and Wendell P. Liemohn. "Ambulatory Status of Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Retrospective Study." Perceptual and Motor Skills 81, no. 2 (October 1995): 571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003151259508100243.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the association between (a) nonambulatory status of 19 children with spastic quadriplegia at age 4 years with current ambulatory status and (b) nonambulatory status among these children at age 7 years and ultimate development of independent ambulation, using the physical therapy records. All continued to be nonambulatory at 7 years and are currently. The results suggest (a) a relationship between nonambulatory status at age 4 years and ultimate ambulatory status for children with spastic quadriplegia and (b) remote prospects for the development of independent ambulation in such children who are nonambulatory at age 7 years.

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