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Zussman, Matthew E. M. D. "Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in Repaired Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia vs. Age Matched Controls." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1335462514.
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Buras, James Carroll. "A Comparison of the Pulmonary Function of Older Endurance Athletes with Age-Matched Sedentary Controls." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2004. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/178.
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Purpose: To compare the pulmonary function of older runners with non-runners and also the population norms. Method: 40 males ages 45 to 65 were compared for respiratory muscle strength, spirometry and maximum voluntary ventilation. Univariate and multivariate analysis (p < 0.05) were used to determine differences Results: No significant differences in age, height, or respiratory muscle strength were found. A significant difference was found for weight and BMI with the non-runners having greater values. The dependent variables of FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75%, PEF, and MVV resulted in a significant difference with the runners having greater values. A significant difference was also found for pulmonary function between runners and the general population. Conclusion: Continued and habitual aerobic exercise in the form of running in 45 to 65 year old men resulted in pulmonary function values that were significantly greater than those of the non-runners and also greater than population norms.
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Freiin, von Berlepsch Juliana. "Comparison of the physical health in adult patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and healthy age-matched controls." Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-101667.
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Ryan, Katherine. "Effects of Acute Nicotine on Risk Taking in Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Age-Matched Controls." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2009. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/206.
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ADHD is one of the most common childhood psychiatric disorders affecting 3- 5% of all children. Between 50 and 80% of those diagnosed with ADHD in childhood will show symptoms that persist into adolescence and adulthood. ADHD is characterized by developmentally excessive activity, impulsivity, inattention, and disorganized, off-task behaviors. A high propensity for risk taking is seen in ADHD and is related to negative outcomes such as job failure, accidents and injuries, and substance use. In an attempt to better understand the behavioral and cognitive deficits associated with ADHD, several neuropsychological models have been proposed. We suggest that those models may be used to learn about risk taking propensity in ADHD. Individuals with ADHD smoke cigarettes at twice the rate of individuals who do not have this diagnosis, and they have greater difficulty quitting. And smokers score higher on a behavioral task of risk taking propensity than non-smokers. The strong association between ADHD and cigarette smoking and the known effects of nicotine on cognition has lead to interest in the role of cholinergic function in ADHD cognitive deficits. Previous work demonstrates that acute nicotine improves behavioral inhibition, working memory, and recognition memory in ADHD. This study examined the acute effects of nicotine on risk taking in non-smoking young adults with ADHD-Combined Type and healthy controls. This single-dose, acute, double blind study assessed the effects of transdermal nicotine and placebo on 26 non-smoking young adults (15 healthy controls and 11 ADHD-C). Participants received acute nicotine (7 mg patch for 45 minutes) and placebo on separate days. The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) was used to assess risk taking propensity. Behavioral ratings were completed daily by each subject and by the blinded investigator. Vital sign data were collected at 30 minute intervals throughout each study day. There were no group differences or interaction of drug and group between the ADHD and control group on risk taking propensity. However, using a median split to identify subjects as either high or low in baseline risk taking there was a significant (p<.05) Drug by Group interaction with nicotine reducing risk taking in high risk taking subjects and increasing risk taking in the low risk taking subjects. These findings are consistent with a large body of research demonstrating ratedependent effects of nicotine on behavior, cognition and mood. Nicotine appears to modulate risk-taking in both high and low risk-taking subjects consistent with cholinergic modulation of behavioral decision making.
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Berlepsch, Juliana Thamar von [Verfasser], and Berthold [Akademischer Betreuer] Koletzko. "Comparison of the physical health in adult patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and healthy age-matched controls / Juliana Freiin von Berlepsch ; Betreuer: Berthold Koletzko." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230754911/34.
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Zetterlund, Christina. "Visual, musculoskeletal, and balance symptoms in people with visual impairments." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-57087.
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Background: Worldwide, about 300 million people have some kind of visual impairment (VI). Most people with VI are in the older age range, as visual deficits increase with age. It is not unusual that people with VI suffer both from neck pain or scapular area symptoms and reduced balance, which they consider to be symptoms of old age. However, their symptoms may not be attributable to age, but rather to poor vision. Aims: First, to identify associations between visual, musculoskeletal and balance symptoms in people engaging in near work every day and in people with VI. Second, to design and validate a suitable instrument for gathering information about visual, musculoskeletal and balance symptoms in people with VI. Third, to explore differences in perceived symptoms between VI patients and people with normal vision in cross-sectional studies and by following a group of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients in a longitudinal study. Fourth, to identify the most specific predictors of higher levels of visual, musculoskeletal and balance symptoms. Methods: A specific instrument was developed: the Visual, Musculoskeletal and Balance symptoms (VMB) questionnaire. Patients with VI were compared to an age-matched reference group with normal vision in three different studies in order to detect differences in self-reported symptoms between the groups. In addition, a follow-up was conducted in a group of AMD patients. Results: Patients with VI reported higher levels of VMB symptoms than controls, and this increased over time. Visual deficits and the need for visual enhancement increased the risk of VMB symptoms. Conclusion: People with VI run a potentially higher risk of VMB symptoms than age-matched controls.
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Passaportis, Katherin. "Are single leg standing balance and the ability to hop altered in children with well controlled juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) compared to age matched controls?" Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502286.
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Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is an inflammatory, autoimmune disease, characterised by chronic, recurrent joint synovitis, associated pain, stiffness and muscle atrophy (Klepper 2003). Advancements in the medical management of children with JIA have greatly improved its prognosis and clinicians now aim to return children to sport participation. In order to facilitate this, an understanding of motor control and skill is required; however there has been no investigation into balance and motor control in children with JIA. The primary aim of this pilot study was to examine the single leg standing balance of children with well controlled JIA, compared to a control group. The secondary objectives of this study were to examine whether impairments in standing balance impacted on the children's motor function, as represented by their ability to hop and finally to investigate what factors may contribute to the children's standing balance.
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Mujica, Marcela. "Comparing tooth enamel disturbances in a pediatric population that had received prior chemotherapy treatment to age-matched controls from the Virginia Commonwealth University Pediatric Dentistry Clinic." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3353.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test whether children who have undergone cancer chemotherapy have a higher prevalence of enamel abnormalities of the second mandibular premolars than age matched controls. Methods: This study was a case-control design where the case group involved 26 subjects that had received chemotherapy treatment between the ages of 2 to 6 and at the time of the study were between the ages of 9 to 18. The control group consisted of 26 subjects matched for age and sex to the case group that had not received chemotherapy. The second mandibular premolars were assessed based on the types of defects, their number and location according to a modified DDE index. A secondary examiner, blinded to the results of the primary, analyzed photographs taken at examination and provided their own assessment in order to calibrate results. Result: Nominally there were more normal surfaces in the case group than in the control group (81% vs 70%) and fewer hypoplasias in the case group (5% vs 13%). There was no statistical difference between the buccal and occlusal surfaces. For the buccal surfaces, the cases were nominally lower but not statistically significant (P=0.0680) and there is no evidence for a case-control difference on the lingual surfaces (P>0.9). Conclusions: In this study developmental defects of the enamel organ were not observed to be statistically different between the case and control groups, although previous studies have shown otherwise.
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Gerhold, Mathew Michael. "A study of event-related electrocortical oscillatory dynamics associated with cued motor-response inhibition during performance of the Go/NoGo task within a sample of prenatally alcohol-exposed children and age-matched controls." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27336.
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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a spectrum of disorders that occur due to prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Response inhibition refers to the ability to inhibit/suppress a prepotent behavioural tendency set in motion during an experimental task. Our research explored neocortical processing in heavy-exposed children from Cape Town, South Africa, performing the Go/NoGo response inhibition task. We utilised event-related electroencephalographic methodologies to examine event-related potentials (ERP) and eventrelated changes in induced oscillatory power - event-related desynchronisation (ERD)/eventrelated synchronisation (ERS). Across visual and auditory Go/NoGo tasks, we observed equivalent levels of inhibitory control between heavy-exposed (HE) participants and normally-developing controls; however, HEs demonstrated significantly slower reaction times relative to the control group. In an auditory ERP study, we observed a number of alcohol-related changes in ERP waveform morphology, such as decreased P2 amplitude, reduced P3 amplitude, and longer P3 peak latency. In addition, within the HE group, late in the trials, a slow-wave component was observed in both experimental conditions. A significant difference in N2 amplitude across conditions that has consistently been observed in normally-developing samples was not observed in the HE group. We extended previous research findings in the visual domain by analysing induced oscillatory responses. We observed within the normally-developing sample: (1) in both experimental conditions, a frontal induced beta-band ERS related to decision-making; and (2) in the NoGo-condition, a frontal gamma-band ERS related to cognitive-control. Within the HE group, the beta-ERS was not observed in either of the experimental conditions, neither was the gamma-ERS observed in the NoGo-condition. Frontal induced beta-power was predictive of performance accuracy in the HE group, but not in the control group. The observed alcohol-related effects were not explained and/or mediated by IQ (WISC-IQ), socio-economic circumstances, comorbid ADHD, or teratogenic effects related to postnatal lead exposure and prenatal cigarette-smoke exposure. Our results point to alterations in scalp-measured event-related neocortical oscillatory dynamics and slower processing of task demands due to heavy PAE. These alcohol-related effects are observable on ERP component measures, primarily related to conflict-monitoring and attention-based processing. PAE also affects induced classes of neocortical oscillatory dynamics related to decision-making and cognitive-control processes required to inhibit a prepotent motor-response.
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Constantinidou, Maria Louki. "A study of the reading skills of reading disabled children compared to chronological age matched and reading age matched control children in Cyprus." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020477/.
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Vaezghasemi, Masoud. "Nutrient intake of adolescents with celiac disease and their non-celiac counterparts : A comparative study of Swedish 14-year-old boys and girls on gluten-free diet with a non-celiac, gender- and age-matched control group." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kostvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101629.
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Abstract Introduction: Following a strict gluten-free diet means exclusion of many staple foods such as traditionally made bread, flour, pasta, and whole grain products that are largely included in the Swedish daily diet. Such exclusions of vital resources could have harmful consequences on nutritional status and cause nutritional hazard, if they are not substituted with appropriate alternatives. Aim: To compare the nutrient and energy intakes of 14-year-old boys and girls on gluten free diet with their non-celiac counterparts as well as the estimated average requirement. Method: All 14-year-old adolescents with suspected and previously diagnosed Celiac disease from the ETICS study (Exploring the Iceberg of Celiac in Sweden) as well as a randomized gender- and age-matched non-celiac controls were invited to a dietary sub-study; ETICS-diet. A four-week food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the dietary intakes of 129 celiac cases (63 boys and 66 girls) with 428 non-celiac controls (boys 188 and girls 240). Basal Metabolic Rate was used to evaluate the validity of the reported food intakes in the present study through comparison with individually calculated energy requirements. Results: There were no significant differences between Celiac disease cases and controls regarding their food and energy intakes nor physical activity level. In general, the nutrient intakes were significantly lower among cases compared to controls, particularly in fiber, but similar patterns were observed among both cases and controls when we assessed whether they were within the recommended range of nutrient intake or not. Conclusion: The current study, in sum, informs public health intervention programs to promote healthy eating habits for all children by endorsing foods highest in Folate, Vitamin C, Iron, and fiber.
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Stephens, Timothy Charles Bondfield. "A comparison of homocysteine levels in first episode psychosis patients and age matched controls." 2007. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/3136.
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Elevated serum homocysteine concentrations are neurotoxic and are strongly implicated as a risk factor for neuropsychiatric disease (Fabender, Mielke, Bertsch, & Hennerici, 1999; Kim & Pae, 1996; Kruman et al., 2000; Reutens & Sachdev, 2002). This study compares homocysteine levels in early stages psychosis patients and healthy controls. Data from 48 healthy controls were compared with 50 previously diagnosed psychosis patients, 15-25 years, and with a gender ratio males: females 7:3. Patients were outpatients or inpatients at ORYGEN Youth Health, with a diagnosis of first episode of psychosis defined as daily psychotic symptoms lasting longer than a week that could not be explained by other means such as “drug-induced” or “organic”.All subjects were interviewed to collect information relating to family psychotic history. A possible history of psychotic disease in control subjects was tested using the SCID Psych Screening Module, drug use recorded using Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) (for alcohol use), The Modified Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire (mFTQ) (for smoking), Opiate Treatment Index (OTI) (for opiate-type drugs). Dietary and medication histories were also taken. Blood tests were performed to determine serum homocysteine, serum folate, red blood cell folate and serum vitamin B12 levels.
An independent sample t test to compare homocysteine levels in patients and controls was performed. Serum homocysteine levels were significantly higher for patients (M = 12.9, S.D. = 3.6) than controls (M = 11.1, S.D. = 2.7) (t(96) = 2.7, p = 0.007, two-tailed). After General Linear Model (GLM) analysis it was found that group (patients or controls), and not serum folate, vitamin B12 and the T allele of MTHFR C677 polymorphism had significant effect on homocysteine levels. Thus a number of factors that may increase homocysteine levels were ruled out.
Although it was not possible to obtain a complete data set for some factors (alcohol, smoking and caffeine consumption) (a weakness of the study), strengths included consecutive recruitment, minimisation of selection bias, good matching for age and gender between patients and controls, and the consideration of (serum) folate and (serum) vitamin B12 as potential confounding variables.
A number of other studies have found significantly increased homocysteine levels in young patients compared with controls, particularly males. Most related studies favoured the homocysteine-psychosis link.
The probability of symptomatic recovery is very high (80-90%) after treatment for first episode psychosis (Robinson et al., 1999) and delayed treatment, but prolonged duration of treatment is associated with poorer response in treatment and worse outcome (Malla & Norman, 2002). This justifies studying homocysteine levels and cognitive function in that first period of psychosis.
This research offers evidence for the importance of serum homocysteine levels as showing involvement in the etiology of psychosis. Lowering homocysteine may have a beneficial effect on symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in psychotic illness.
Two randomised controlled trials have demonstrated benefit in psychotic illness of giving folate and consequently reducing homocysteine.(Godfrey & Toone, 1990; Levine et al., 2006b). Benefits of taking folate were found in both trials for both cognition and psychotic symptoms. By reducing homocysteine levels early in the illness, some of the excess cardiovascular mortality may be prevented.
Secondary prevention of CVD does not appear to influence outcome (Hermann, Herrmann, & Obeid, 2007), so the right time to intervene and reduce risk would appear to be early in the course of psychosis. Additionally, by lowering homocysteine cognitive functioning and psychotic symptoms may be improved (Levine et al., 2006b).
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Buras, James C. "A comparison of the pulmonary function of older endurance athletes with age-matched sedentary controls." 2004. http://louisdl.louislibraries.org/u?/NOD,153.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of New Orleans, 2004.Title from electronic submission form. "A thesis ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Human Performance and Health Promotion."--Thesis t.p. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Crizzle, Alexander Michael. "Self-Regulatory Driving Behaviour, Perceived Abilities and Comfort Level of Older Drivers with Parkinson's disease compared to Age-Matched Healthy Controls." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5940.
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Introduction: Multiple studies have shown the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) can impair driving performance. Studies have also found elevated crash rates in drivers with PD, however, none have controlled for exposure or amount of driving. Although a few studies have suggested that drivers with PD may self-regulate (e.g., by reducing exposure or avoiding challenging situations), findings were based on self-report data. Studies with healthy older drivers have shown that objective driving data is more accurate than self-estimates.
Purposes: The primary objectives of this study were to examine whether drivers with PD restrict their driving (exposure and patterns) relative to an age-matched control group and explore possible reasons for such restrictions: trip purposes, perceptions of driving comfort and abilities, as well as depression, disease severity and symptoms associated with PD.
Methods: A convenience sample of 27 drivers with PD (mean 71.6±6.6, range 57 to 82, 78% men) and 20 age-matched control drivers from the same region (70.6±7.9, range 57 to 84, 80% men) were assessed between October 2009 and August 2010. Driving data was collected for two weeks using two electronic devices (one with GPS) installed in each person‟s vehicle. Participants completed trip logs, questionnaires on background and usual driving habits, and measures of cognitive functioning, depression, quality of life, daytime sleepiness, driving comfort and abilities. Contrast sensitivity and brake response time were also assessed. Severity of PD was assessed using the Unified Parkinson‟s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor scores. An interview was conducted at the end of the second assessment to examine influence of the devices, driving problems and any departures from usual patterns over the monitoring period.
Results: Of the 128 PD patients screened for possible study participation, 35% had already stopped driving. Former drivers were older, more likely to be women and had poorer UPDRS motor scores. Only 48% of those who were eligible for the study agreed to participate. Compared to controls, the PD group had significantly slower brake response times, higher depression and quality of life scores, less comfort driving at night and poorer perceptions of their driving abilities. The PD group also had significantly lower cognitive functioning scores than controls, and a significantly greater proportion (74% versus 45%) were classified as having mild cognitive impairment. Compared to vehicle recordings, both groups mis-estimated the amount they drove over two weeks (measurement error was 94 km for the PD group and 210 km for the controls). The PD group drove significantly less overall (days, trips, distance and duration), at night, on week-ends and in bad weather and for different purposes. Four of the PD drivers had minor accidents over the two weeks, while one lost his license.
Conclusions: Self-estimates of exposure were inaccurate warranting the continued use of objective driving data. Overall, the findings suggest that drivers with PD appear to restrict their driving exposure and patterns relative to controls. The PD group were more likely to combine several activities into one trip, possibly due to fatigue. Moreover, they were more likely than controls to drive for medical appointments and less likely to drive for leisure activities and make out of town trips. The findings need to be replicated with larger samples and longer monitoring periods to examine changes in self-regulatory practices associated with disease progression and symptomatology. Other researchers are also likely to have similar difficulty in recruiting drivers with PD as this group may quit driving at an earlier age and those who are still driving are fearful of being reported to licensing authorities. Future studies also need to screen for cognitive impairment which often goes undetected, particularly in otherwise healthy drivers.
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Davis, Jaimie Nicole Gillham Martha B. "Comparisons of physical activity and dietary components in an overweight/obese population and their normal weight controls matched for gender, age and height." 2004. http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/1914/davisjn042.pdf.
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Davis, Jaimie Nicole. "Comparisons of physical activity and dietary components in an overweight/obese population and their normal weight controls matched for gender, age and height." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1914.
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Berlepsch, Juliana Thamar von [Verfasser]. "Comparison of the physical health in adult patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and healthy age matched controls / vorgelegt von Juliana Thamar Freiin von Berlepsch." 2009. http://d-nb.info/99525320X/34.
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Chun-Ming, Hsieh, and 謝俊明. "The comparisons of various naming speeds among reading-disabled children and age-matched- as well as reading-level-matched control groups." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03816559319389089282.
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碩士國立臺東大學
教育研究所
92
This study tried to examine the differences of 7 naming speeds among reading-disabled children and their control groups. According to Wolf’s (2000) hypothesis, naming speed is one of the very likely causations of reading disabilities. This study tried to test whether naming speed still plays an important role in young Taiwanese readers whose written language orthography was very different from those of the participants in Wolf’s studies. The researcher compared mean differences of 7 naming-speed tests between reading-disabled (RD) group and two control groups matched with age(age-matched, AM) and reading level(reading-level matched, RM). The RD group was composed of 31 students, aged 9 to 12, who had severe difficulties in reading comprehension and Chinese character recognition. Observations, interviews, and related tests were conducted to make sure that children in RD group met a list of strictly defined RD criteria. Among the groups, demographic variables such as gender, social economic status, and class were controlled by careful case-by-case matching procedures. All participants received 7 naming-speed subtests (Lin, 2001). Scores of a Chinese character recognition test (Huang, 1999) and a reading comprehension test (Chen, 1999) were collected as dependent measures. As predicted, RDs were significantly slower than AMs in all 7 naming subtests. RDs were also slower than RMs in all 7 naming subtests, however only 4 out of 7 post-hoc comparisons reached the significant level of .05. These results indicated that naming speed could impose a one-way influence on reading. The opposite way of influence was not possible because the reading abilities of RDs and RMs were controlled and had to be considered equal in the design. Therefore the naming speed differences between RDs and RMs could not be accounted for by reading abilities. Correlation analysis revealed that naming speed has stronger relationship with character recognition than with reading comprehension. Also, certain naming speeds did accounted for the variances of character recognition and reading comprehension in different groups. This again supports the significance of naming in Chinese reading processing. Theoretical and practical implications as well as suggestions for future researchers were discussed in the thesis. Keywords: Double deficit hypothesis naming-speed reading disability