Journal articles: 'Age-matched controls'

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Shinn, Eileen H., Richard J. Swartz, Bob B. Thornton, Philippe E. Spiess, Louis L. Pisters, and Karen M. Basen-Engquist. "Testis Cancer Survivors' Health Behaviors: Comparison With Age-Matched Relative and Demographically Matched Population Controls." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 13 (May 1, 2010): 2274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.23.9608.

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Purpose To determine the prevalence rate of health behaviors in testis cancer survivors and to determine whether the rate of health behaviors in survivors was significantly different than those of their age-matched relative controls and a population-based control group matched for age, sex, education, and income. Patients and Methods The health behaviors of 162 testis cancer survivors were compared with their age-matched relative controls (n = 74) and an age-, sex-, education-, and income-matched population-based control group (n ranged from 1,123 to 9,775). Health behaviors were assessed with the telephone-administered Behavioral Risk Factor and Surveillance Survey. Results Nearly one in five testis cancer survivors reported current smoking and one third reported problem drinking. Only 11% reported having at least five servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Compared with their relative controls, the survivors were more likely to engage in regular exercise. For those participants who drank, survivors were twice as likely to engage in problem drinking and averaged a higher number of drinks compared to their Centers for Disease Control (CDC) controls. Survivors were also half as likely to have at least five servings of fruits and vegetables per day compared with the CDC controls. Conclusion The overall picture regarding testis cancer survivors' health behaviors was mixed compared with the relative and CDC control groups. Our results suggest that reduced alcohol use and increased fruit and vegetable consumption may be important targets for future disease prevention in testis cancer survivors.

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Ezeugwu, Victor Emeka, Matthew Olaogun, Chidozie Emmanuel Mbada, and Rufus Adedoyin. "Comparative Lung Function Performance of Stroke Survivors and Age-matched and Sex-matched Controls." Physiotherapy Research International 18, no. 4 (January 29, 2013): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pri.1547.

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Savage, Robert, Ulla Patni, Norah Frederickson, Roz Goodwin, Nicola Smith, and Louise Tuersley. "Evaluating Current Deficit Theories of Poor Reading: Role of Phonological Processing, Naming Speed, Balance Automaticity, Rapid Verbal Perception and Working Memory." Perceptual and Motor Skills 101, no. 2 (October 2005): 345–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.101.2.345-361.

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To clarify the nature of cognitive deficits experienced by poor readers, 9 10-yr.-old poor readers were matched against 9 chronological age and 9 younger reading age-matched controls screened and selected from regular classrooms. Poor readers performed significantly more poorly than chronological age-matched peers on digit naming speed, spoonerisms, and nonsense word reading. Poor readers were also significantly poorer than reading age-matched controls on nonword reading but were significantly better than reading age-matched controls on postural stability. Analyses of effect sizes were consistent with these findings, showing strong effects for digit naming speed, spoonerisms, and nonword reading. However, effect size analysis also suggested that poor readers experienced moderate difficulties with balance automatisation but did not show verbal speech perception deficits relative to either control group.

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Hirshman, M. F., L. J. Goodyear, E. D. Horton, L. J. Wardzala, and E. S. Horton. "Exercise training increases GLUT-4 protein in rat adipose cells." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 264, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): E882—E889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1993.264.6.e882.

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The relative abundance and subcellular distribution of the GLUT-1 and GLUT-4 glucose transporter isoforms were determined in basal and insulin-stimulated adipose cells from wheel cage exercise-trained rats and compared with both age-matched sedentary controls and young cell size-matched sedentary controls. Exercise training increased total estimated GLUT-4 by 67 and 54% compared with age-matched and young controls, respectively. Total estimated GLUT-1 per cell was not significantly different among the three groups. Expressed per cell, plasma membrane GLUT-4 protein in basal adipose cells from exercise-trained and age-matched control rats was 2.5-fold greater than in young controls (P < 0.05) and was associated with higher basal rates of glucose transport in these cells (P < 0.02). In insulin-stimulated cells, plasma membrane GLUT-4 was 67% greater in the exercise-trained animals than young controls (P < 0.01), and 31% greater than in age-matched controls. Rates of glucose transport were correspondingly higher. In basal cells, low-density microsomal GLUT-4 from exercise-trained rats was approximately twofold greater than from age-matched controls and young controls. With insulin stimulation, GLUT-4 in low-density microsomes decreased to similar levels in all groups. We conclude that the total amount of GLUT-4 protein, but not GLUT-1, is increased in adipose cells by exercise training and that this increase in GLUT-4 is due primarily to an increase in intracellular GLUT-4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Uno, Akira, Noriko Haruhara, Masato Kaneko, Noriko Awaya, Junko Kozuka, and Takashi Goto. "cognitive disorders relating with developmental dyslexia─comparison with age-matched controls─." Higher Brain Function Research 38, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2496/hbfr.38.267.

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Iunes, Denise H., Iara F. Elias, Leonardo C. Carvalho, and Valdeci C. Dionísio. "Postural adjustments in young ballet dancers compared to age matched controls." Physical Therapy in Sport 17 (January 2016): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2015.04.004.

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Passoni, N. M., J. Hong, A. Edwards, J. Crivelli, J. Gattineni, N. Maalouf, K. Sakhaee, et al. "Pediatric stone formers are shorter than age- and gender-matched controls." European Urology Open Science 19 (July 2020): e789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2666-1683(20)33110-4.

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Carasco, M. Garcia, M. C. de Vernejoul, Y. Sterkers, C. Morieux, D. Kuntz, and L. Miravet. "Decreased bone formation in osteoporotic patients compared with age-matched controls." Calcified Tissue International 44, no. 3 (May 1989): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02556560.

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Zafar, Abu-Bakar, Jayne Ness, Sarah Dowdy, Kristin Avis, and Khurram Bashir. "Examining sleep, fatigue, and daytime sleepiness in pediatric multiple sclerosis patients." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 18, no. 4 (September 30, 2011): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458511424307.

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Background: About 2–5% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience their first symptoms before age 18. Sleep disorders occur frequently in MS. The prevalence of sleep problems and their impact on fatigue and daytime sleepiness in pediatric MS is unknown. Objective: To determine whether pediatric MS patients have more sleep disturbances, fatigue, and daytime sleepiness compared with an age-, sex-, and race-matched control group. Methods: Patients and age-, sex-, and race-matched controls were surveyed to quantify daytime sleepiness via the modified Epworth Sleepiness Scale, sleep quality and hygiene through the Adolescent Sleep Wake and Hygiene Scale, respectively, and fatigue using the PediatricQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale. Results: Pediatric MS patients ( n = 30) and age-, sex-, and race-matched controls ( n = 52) had similar levels of fatigue; however, when compared with previously published historical controls, both groups reported worse fatigue across all dimensions ( p < 0.05). Pediatric MS patients also had similar sleep quality compared with the matched controls, but reported better sleep hygiene on the ‘sleep stability’ dimension ( p < 0.05). In addition, pediatric MS patients had less daytime sleepiness than the matched controls ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Although patients with MS reported similar levels of fatigue, they have better sleep hygiene, which could possibly account for the decreased amount of excessive daytime sleepiness. Also, when compared with historical controls, the MS and control samples reported more fatigue. Thus, caution must be taken when using published control data, especially when not properly matched.

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Thal, Donna J., and Stacy Tobias. "Communicative Gestures in Children With Delayed Onset of Oral Expressive Vocabulary." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 35, no. 6 (December 1992): 1281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3506.1289.

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Use of communicative gestures in a group of children with delayed onset of expressive oral vocabulary (late talkers) was compared with such use among normal-language-matched controls and age-matched controls. Analyses revealed that late talkers used significantly more communicative gestures and for a greater variety of communicative functions than did language-matched controls. However, a 1-year follow-up revealed that 4 of the late talkers remained delayed (truly delayed late talkers) and 6 caught up (late bloomers). Reanalyses of Year 1 data based on these follow-up outcomes demonstrated that only late bloomers used more communicative gestures than did language-matched controls. Truly delayed late talkers did not differ from language-matched controls either for number of gestures, type of gestures (symbolic vs. nonsymbolic), or number of different functions for which gestures were used. Late bloomers also used more communicative gestures than did age-matched controls, suggesting that they (the late bloomers) were using gestures to compensate for their small oral expressive vocabulary. Results are discussed in the context of early predictors of risk for language impairment and relationships between language and cognition.

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Plante, Elena, Linda Swisher, Barbara Kiernan, and Maria Adelaida Restrepo. "Language Matches." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 36, no. 4 (August 1993): 772–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3604.772.

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The practice of matching younger, language-matched controls, in addition to age-matched controls, is often used in studies of language-disordered children to examine the role of “language level” on performance. However, the interpretation of the relative performance of subjects in studies using such dual control groups is problematic. Conceptual concerns arise with the use of language matches because language is a multidimensional skill that is not reflected equivalently for the language-disordered children and their language-matched controls. Furthermore, matching by language level inevitably introduces an extraneous age effect that confounds interpretation. In addition, erroneous interpretations of null findings can occur when no differences are found between language-disordered and language-matched groups.

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Brophy, Robert H., Carolyn M. Hettrich, Shannon Ortiz, Brian R. Wolf, Keith M. Baumgarten, Asheesh Bedi, Julie Y. Bishop, et al. "Patients Undergoing Shoulder Stabilization Surgery Have Elevated Shoulder Activity Compared With Sex- and Age-Matched Healthy Controls." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 9, no. 1 (November 3, 2016): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738116676810.

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Background: Shoulder activity level may be a risk factor for shoulder instability, an indication for surgical intervention, and a risk factor for failure of operative stabilization. Hypothesis: Patients undergoing shoulder stabilization surgery have a higher activity level compared with sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: Patients undergoing shoulder stabilization surgery aged 18 to 50 years were prospectively enrolled. As part of data collection, patients completed a previously validated shoulder activity scale, which generates a score reporting frequency of activity ranging from 0 (least active) to 20 (most active). The activity level of these patients was compared with sex- and age-matched norms for a healthy population with no history of shoulder disorders. Results: A total of 409 subjects (343 male, 66 female) undergoing shoulder instability surgery completed the activity scale. Seventy-seven percent of patients had higher shoulder activity level than sex- and age-matched controls. Seventy-nine percent aged 18 to 30 years had a higher shoulder activity level than controls, with an identical distribution for men (79%) and women (79%). Among patients aged 31 to 50 years, 70% had higher activity than controls. However, men were more likely to have a higher activity level than controls (72%) versus women (59%). In patients aged 18 to 30 years, median activity level for instability patients was 14 in men compared with 10 in controls, and 13 in women compared with 8 in controls. In patients aged 31 to 50 years, median activity level was 13 in men compared with 10 in controls and 10 in women compared with 8 in controls. Conclusion: Patients undergoing shoulder stabilization surgery have a higher activity level than sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Clinical Relevance: Shoulder activity is especially elevated in younger, male instability patients.

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Daniels, David J., T. David Luo, Ross Puffer, Amy L. McIntosh, A. Noelle Larson, Nicholas M. Wetjen, and Michelle J. Clarke. "Degenerative changes in adolescent spines: a comparison of motocross racers and age-matched controls." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 15, no. 3 (March 2015): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.9.peds14153.

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OBJECT Motocross racing is a popular sport; however, its impact on the growing/developing pediatric spine is unknown. Using a retrospective cohort model, the authors compared the degree of advanced degenerative findings in young motocross racers with findings in age-matched controls. METHODS Patients who had been treated for motocross-related injury at the authors' institution between 2000 and 2007 and had been under 18 years of age at the time of injury and had undergone plain radiographic or CT examination of any spinal region were eligible for inclusion. Imaging was reviewed in a blinded fashion by 3 physicians for degenerative findings, including endplate abnormalities, loss of vertebral body height, wedging, and malalignment. Acute pathological segments were excluded. Spine radiographs from age-matched controls were similarly reviewed and the findings were compared. RESULTS The motocross cohort consisted of 29 riders (mean age 14.7 years; 82% male); the control cohort consisted of 45 adolescents (mean age 14.3 years; 71% male). In the cervical spine, the motocross cohort had 55 abnormalities in 203 segments (average 1.90 abnormalities/patient) compared with 20 abnormalities in 213 segments in the controls (average 0.65/patient) (p = 0.006, Student t-test). In the thoracic spine, the motocross riders had 51 abnormalities in 292 segments (average 2.04 abnormalities/patient) compared with 25 abnormalities in 299 segments in the controls (average 1.00/patient) (p = 0.045). In the lumbar spine, the motocross cohort had 11 abnormalities in 123 segments (average 0.44 abnormalities/patient) compared with 15 abnormalities in 150 segments in the controls (average 0.50/patient) (p = 0.197). CONCLUSIONS Increased degenerative changes in the cervical and thoracic spine were identified in adolescent motocross racers compared with age-matched controls. The long-term consequences of these changes are unknown; however, athletes and parents should be counseled accordingly about participation in motocross activities.

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de Kieviet, Jorrit F., Ruurd M. van Elburg, Harrie N. Lafeber, and Jaap Oosterlaan. "Attention Problems of Very Preterm Children Compared with Age-Matched Term Controls at School-Age." Journal of Pediatrics 161, no. 5 (November 2012): 824–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.05.010.

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Thal, Donna, and Elizabeth Bates. "Language and Gesture in Late Talkers." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 31, no. 1 (March 1988): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3101.115.

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The relationship between language and symbolic gesture was studied in a group of young children who were in the lowest 10% for language production for their age based on information obtained from language inventories filled out by their parents. On a single scheme imitation task, designed to be a gestural analog of lexical production, subjects performed like controls matched for language production. On a multischeme imitation task, designed to be a gestural analog of syntax, subjects performed like age-matched controls, and significantly better than langnage-matched controls. Potential reasons for this dissociation are discussed in the context of predictors of early language success or impairment.

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Blickstein, I., and R. Borenstein. "Recurrent Spontaneous Twinning." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 38, no. 3-4 (October 1989): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000002683.

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AbstractThe perinatal outcome of seven recurrent twin deliveries after 28 weeks gestation, was compared to the first twin delivery and to randomly selected controls matched for parity, maternal age and gestational age. The outcome of the recurrent twin gestation was associated with significantly increased gestational age (P < 0.04) and mean twin birth weight (P < 0.05) compared to the first twin pregnancy. When compared to controls matched for maternal age and gestational age they were of significantly higher parity (P < 0.005) but had otherwise similar obstetric characteristics as when compared to controls matched for parity. These data suggest a better outcome for the recurrent compared to the first twin gestation. The frequencies of repeat twinning (0.0165% of all deliveries) and the calculated probability of having by chance a recurrent twin delivery were significantly different (P < 10−6) suggesting that both deliveries may be stochastically dependent events.

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Sill, Joshua M., Michael J. Morris, James E. Johnson, Patrick F. Allan, and Vincent X. Grbach. "Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Interpretation Using Age-Matched Controls to Evaluate Exertional Dyspnea." Military Medicine 174, no. 11 (November 2009): 1177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-05-0308.

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Funsch, D., T. Sunderland, B. A. Lawlor, S. E. Molchan, A. M. Mellow, P. N. Tariot, J. L. Hill, and D. L. Murphy. "Platelet mao activity in alzheimer patients, older depressives, and age-matched controls." Biological Psychiatry 25, no. 7 (April 1989): A167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(89)91824-6.

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Dysken, Maurice W., Mary Jo Nelson, Kathleen Maxwell Hoover, Michael Kuskowski, and Robert McGeachie. "Rapid dynamic CT scanning in primary degenerative dementia and age-matched controls." Biological Psychiatry 28, no. 5 (September 1990): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(90)90410-4.

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Leong, Lex E. X., Steven L. Taylor, Aravind Shivasami, Paul N. Goldwater, and Geraint B. Rogers. "Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Age-Matched Controls." Journal of Pediatrics 191 (December 2017): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.070.

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Ballard, Joyce E., Lorraine S. Wallace, and David B. Holiday. "Fall Prevention Exercise In Postmenopausal Women In Comparison To Age-matched Controls." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37, Supplement (May 2005): S256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200505001-01314.

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Ballard, Joyce E., Lorraine S. Wallace, and David B. Holiday. "Fall Prevention Exercise In Postmenopausal Women In Comparison To Age-matched Controls." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37, Supplement (May 2005): S256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200505001-01314.

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Vinke, J. G., A. KleinJan, L. W. F. m. Severijnen, L. j. Hoeve, and W. j. Fokkens. "Differences in nasal cellular infiltrates between allergic children and age-matched controls." European Respiratory Journal 13, no. 4 (April 1999): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.13d17.x.

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Zussman, Matthew E., Michelle Bagby, D. Woodrow Benson, Resmi Gupta, and Russel Hirsch. "Pulmonary vascular resistance in repaired congenital diaphragmatic hernia vs. age-matched controls." Pediatric Research 71, no. 6 (February 14, 2012): 697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/pr.2012.16.

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Solemdal, Kirsten, Leiv Sandvik, Tiril Willumsen, and Morten Mowe. "Taste ability in hospitalised older people compared with healthy, age-matched controls." Gerodontology 31, no. 1 (September 11, 2012): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ger.12001.

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Sunderland, T., H. Weingartner, R. M. Cohen, P. N. Tariot, P. A. Newhouse, K. E. Thompson, B. A. Lawlor, and E. A. Mueller. "Low-dose oral lorazepam administration in Alzheimer subjects and age-matched controls." Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 10, no. 1 (February 1990): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004714-199002000-00015.

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Schmitt, Abigail C., Chris P. Repka, Gary D. Heise, John H. Challis, and Jeremy D. Smith. "Postural Steadiness During Quiet Standing in Cancer Survivors and Age-Matched Controls." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 48 (May 2016): 402–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000486214.01110.bb.

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Welsch, Michael A., Paul J. Blalock, Daniel P. Credeur, and Brandon C. Hollis. "Comparison of Brachial Artery Vasoreactivity in Elite Athletes and Age-Matched Controls." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 42 (May 2010): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000386263.53138.a1.

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Hamel, Kate A., Christopher Ross, Brooke Schultz, Matthew O'Neill, and David I. Anderson. "Older adult Alexander Technique practitioners walk differently than healthy age-matched controls." Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 20, no. 4 (October 2016): 751–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2016.04.009.

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Schmitt, Abigail C., Chris P. Repka, Gary D. Heise, John H. Challis, and Jeremy D. Smith. "Comparison of posture and balance in cancer survivors and age-matched controls." Clinical Biomechanics 50 (December 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2017.09.010.

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Sunderland, Trey, Herbert Weingartner, Robert M. Cohen, Pierre N. Tariot, Paul A. Newhouse, Karen E. Thompson, Brian A. Lawlor, and Edward A. Mueller. "Low-dose oral lorazepam administration in Alzheimer subjects and age-matched controls." Psychopharmacology 99, no. 1 (1989): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00634466.

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Beadell, Noah C., Eric M. Thompson, Johnny B. Delashaw, and Justin S. Cetas. "The deleterious effects of methamphetamine use on initial presentation and clinical outcomes in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage." Journal of Neurosurgery 117, no. 4 (October 2012): 781–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.7.jns12396.

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Object The objective of this study was to retrospectively look at methamphetamine (MA) use in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) to determine if MA use affects clinical presentation and outcomes after aneurysmal SAH. Methods A retrospective review of patients admitted to the Oregon Health & Science University neurosurgical service with aneurysmal SAH during the past 6 years was undertaken. Variables analyzed included MA use, age, sex, cigarette use, Hunt and Hess grade, Fisher grade, admission blood pressure, aneurysm characteristics, occurrence of vasospasm, hospital length of stay (LOS), cerebral infarction, aneurysm treatment, and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score. Data differences between MA users and nonusers were statistically analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. A separate comparison with randomly selected age-matched nonuser controls was also performed. Results Twenty-eight (7%) of 374 patients with aneurysmal SAH were identified as MA users. Methamphetamine users were younger than nonusers (45.2 vs 55.9 years, respectively; p <0.001). Despite a younger age, MA users had significantly higher Hunt and Hess grades than nonusers (3.0 vs 2.5, respectively; p <0.020) and age-matched controls (3.0 vs 2.0, respectively; p <0.001). Earliest available mean arterial pressure was significantly higher in MA users (122.1 vs 109.7, respectively; p = 0.005) than all nonusers but not age-matched controls. Methamphetamine users had significantly higher vasospasm rates than nonusers (92.9% vs 71.1%, respectively; p = 0.008) but similar rates as age-matched controls (92.9% vs 89.3%, respectively; p = 0.500). Glasgow Outcome Scale score did not differ significantly between users and nonusers (3 vs 4, respectively; p = 0.170), but users had significantly lower GOS scores than age-matched controls (3 vs 5, respectively; p <0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the LOS between users and nonusers (18 days vs 16 days, respectively; p = 0.431) or users and age-matched controls (18 days vs 14 days, respectively; p = 0.250). In the multivariate analysis, MA use (OR 3.777, p = 0.018), age (p <0.001), Fisher grade (p = 0.011), Hunt and Hess grade (p <0.001), and cerebral infarction (p <0.001) were predictors of poor GOS score. The only predictor of vasospasm was age (p <0.001), although a strong predictive trend in MA use (p = 0.149) was found. Predictors of a hospital LOS >15 days included age (p = 0.002), Fisher grade (p = 0.002), Hunt and Hess grade (p <0.001), and cerebral infarction (p <0.001). Predictors of cerebral infarction include male sex (p = 0.022) and Hunt and Hess grade (p = 0.006), with vasospasm demonstrating a strong trend (p = 0.056). Conclusions A history of MA use may predict poorer outcomes in patients who present with aneurysmal SAH. Methamphetamine users have significantly worse presentations and outcomes when compared with age-matched controls.

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Cacilhas, Alice Aita, Pedro Vieira da Silva Magalhães, Keila Maria Ceresér, Julio Cesar Walz, Fernanda Weyne, Adriane Ribeiro Rosa, Eduard Vieta, and Flávio Kapczinski. "Bipolar disorder and age-related functional impairment." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 31, no. 4 (December 2009): 354–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462009000400012.

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OBJECTIVE: Although bipolar disorder is a major contributor to functional impairment worldwide, an independent impact of bipolar disorder and ageing on functioning has yet to be demonstrated. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of bipolar disorder on age-related functional status using matched controls as a standard. METHOD: One-hundred patients with bipolar disorder and matched controls were evaluated for disability. Age-related effects controlled for confounders were cross-sectionally evaluated. RESULTS: Patients were significantly more impaired than controls. Regression showed effects for aging in both groups. The effect, size, however, was significantly stronger in patients. CONCLUSION: Bipolar disorder was an important effect modifier of the age impact on functioning. While a longitudinal design is needed to effectively demonstrate this different impact, this study further depicts bipolar disorder as a chronic and progressively impairing illness.

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Aberbach, Irit, Liliana Schliamser, Zeev Blumenfeld, Benjamin Brenner, and Galit Sarig. "Evaluation of ProC Global assay in women with a history of venous thromboembolism on hormonal therapy." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 96, no. 11 (2006): 578–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th06-05-0285.

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SummaryThe risk of thrombosis in women increases significantly during treatment with hormonal therapy (HT). The aim of this study was to evaluate ProC Global assay in women with a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) while using HT. Protein C activation time normalized ratio (PCAT-NR) levels were significantly lower in 32 women with a history ofVTE while using HT (0.72 ± 0.1) compared with 56 healthy controls without HT, matched by age at blood sampling (0.99 ± 0.2) and 40 healthy controls with HT, matched by age and HT at VTE event (0.94 ± 0.2) (P<0.001 for both). PCAT-NR lower than the cut-off level of 0.8 was found in 23/32 (72%) patients compared with 5/56 (9%) age-matched controls (OR=26, 95%CI: 7-106, P<0.001) and 9/40 (22.5%) of HT-matched controls (OR=9, 95%CI: 2.7-30, P<0.001). Any thrombophilic risk factor was found in 20/32 (62.5%) of patients compared with 12/56 (21.4%) of agematched controls (OR=6, 95%CI: 2.1-10, P<0.001) and 12/40 (30%) of HT-matched controls (OR=4, 95%CI: 1.3-11.8, P=0.006).Out of the variables that are risk factors of VTE as age, HT or thrombophilic risk factor, ProC Global assay was found in the multivariate analysis - logistic regression, as the parameter that was the most associated with patient group [Exp(B)=15.8, 95% CI: 4.2-59.0, P<0.001]. In conclusion, abnormal PCAT-NR is associated with VTE in women using HT. ProC Global assay may potentially serve asa diagnostic tool for evaluating the risk of VTE in women prior to administration of HT.

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Harris, Anette, Hilde Gundersen, Pia Mørk Andreassen, Eirunn Thun, Bjørn Bjorvatn, and Ståle Pallesen. "A Comparative Study of Sleep and Mood Between Young Elite Athletes and Age-Matched Controls." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 14, no. 6 (June 2017): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2016-0513.

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Background:Sleep and mood have seldom been compared between elite athletes and nonelite athletes, although potential differences suggest that physical activity may affect these parameters. This study aims to explore whether adolescent elite athletes differ from controls in terms of sleep, positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA).Methods:Forty-eight elite athletes and 26 controls participating in organized and nonorganized sport completed a questionnaire, and a 7-day sleep diary.Results:On school days, the athletes and the controls who participated in organized and nonorganized sport differed in bedtime (22:46, 23:14, 23:42, P < .01), sleep onset (23:03, 23:27, 00:12, P < .01), and total sleep time (7:52, 8:00, 6:50, P < 01). During weekend, the athletes, the controls who participated in organized and nonorganized sport differed in bedtime (23:30, 00:04, 00:49, P < .01), sleep onset (23.42, 00:18, 01:13, P < .01), rise time (9:15, 9:47, 10:55, P < .01), sleep efficiency (95.0%, 94.2%, 90.0%, P < 05), and sleep onset latency (11.8, 18.0, 28.0 minutes, P < .01). Furthermore, the athletes reported less social jetlag (0:53) and higher score for PA (34.3) compared with the controls who participated in nonorganized sport (jetlag: 1:25, P < .05, PA: 29.8, P < .05).Conclusions:An almost dose-response association was found between weekly training hours, sleep, social jetlag and mood in adolescents.

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Tavenier, Juliette, Line Jee Hartmann Rasmussen, Aino Leegaard Andersen, Morten Baltzer Houlind, Anne Langkilde, Ove Andersen, Janne Petersen, and Jan O. Nehlin. "Association of GDF15 With Inflammation and Physical Function During Aging and Recovery After Acute Hospitalization: A Longitudinal Study of Older Patients and Age-Matched Controls." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 76, no. 6 (January 11, 2021): 964–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glab011.

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Abstract Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a stress-induced cytokine. Its plasma levels increase during aging and acute illness. In older Patients and age-matched Controls, we evaluated whether GDF15 levels (i) were associated with recovery after acute illness, and (ii) reflected different trajectories of aging and longitudinal changes in health measures. Fifty-two older Patients (≥65 years) were included upon admission to the emergency department (ED). At 30 days after discharge (time of matching), Patients were matched 1:1 on age and sex with Controls who had not been hospitalized within 2 years of inclusion. Both groups were followed up after 1 year. We assessed plasma levels of GDF15 and inflammatory biomarkers, frailty, nutritional status (mini nutritional assessment short-form), physical and cognitive function, and metabolic biomarkers. In Patients, elevated GDF15 levels at ED admission were associated with poorer resolution of inflammation (soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor [suPAR]), slowing of gait speed, and declining nutritional status between admission and 30-day follow-up. At time of matching, Patients were frailer and overall less healthy than age-matched Controls. GDF15 levels were significantly associated with participant group, on average Patients had almost 60% higher GDF15 than age-matched Controls, and this difference was partly mediated by reduced physical function. Increases in GDF15 levels between time of matching and 1-year follow-up were associated with increases in levels of interleukin-6 in Patients, and tumor necrosis factor-α and suPAR in age-matched Controls. In older adults, elevated GDF15 levels were associated with signs of accelerated aging and with poorer recovery after acute illness.

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Hirshman, M. F., L. J. Wardzala, L. J. Goodyear, S. P. Fuller, E. D. Horton, and E. S. Horton. "Exercise training increases the number of glucose transporters in rat adipose cells." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 257, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): E520—E530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1989.257.4.e520.

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We studied the mechanism for the increase in glucose transport activity that occurs in adipose cells of exercise-trained rats. Glucose transport activity, glucose metabolism, and the subcellular distribution of glucose transporters were measured in adipose cells from rats raised in wheel cages for 6 wk (mean total exercise 350 km/rat), age-matched sedentary controls, and young sedentary controls matched for adipose cell size. Basal rates of glucose transport and metabolism were greater in cells from exercise-trained rats compared with young controls, and insulin-stimulated rates were greater in the exercise-trained rats compared with both age-matched and young controls. The numbers of plasma membrane glucose transporters were not different among groups in the basal state; however, with insulin stimulation, cells from exercise-trained animals had significantly more plasma membrane transporters than young controls or age-matched controls. Exercise-trained rats also had more low-density microsomal transporters than control rats in the basal state. When the total number of glucose transporters/cell was calculated, the exercise-trained rats had 42% more transporters than did either control group. These studies demonstrate that the increased glucose transport and metabolism observed in insulin-stimulated adipose cells from exercise-trained rats is due, primarily, to an increase in the number of plasma membrane glucose transporters translocated from an enlarged intracellular pool.

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Hsu, Hsinjen Julie, and Dorothy V. M. Bishop. "Training understanding of reversible sentences: a study comparing language-impaired children with age-matched and grammar-matched controls." PeerJ 2 (November 4, 2014): e656. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.656.

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King, D. J., S. J. Cooper, J. A. P. Earle, S. J. Martin, N. V. McFerran, and G. B. Wisdom. "Serum and CSF Antibody Titres to Seven Common Viruses in Schizophrenic Patients." British Journal of Psychiatry 147, no. 2 (August 1985): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.147.2.145.

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SummaryCSF and matched serum antibody titres to seven common viruses were measured in 20 chronic schizophrenic patients, and 17 of these were age and sex-matched with orthopaedic controls. CT scans were carried out in patients and age and sex-matched radiological controls. There was a trend for CSF viral antibody titres (except CMV, HSV and VZV) to be decreased in the patients compared to controls, statistically significant for mumps and IgG. The CSF/serum ratios showed a reduction in the patients, compared to controls, statistically significant for measles and rubella as well as mumps and IgG. Cerebral ventricular size was significantly increased in the patients compared to controls, but did not correlate with any of the antibody data. These findings suggest that there is a reduced immune response to certain common viruses in the CNS of schizophrenic patients, but possible effects of institutionalisation or current medication could only be adequately excluded by further prospective studies.

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Ma, Yanfei L., Qing Q. Zeng, Leah L. Porras, Anita Harvey, Terry L. Moore, Timothy L. Shelbourn, Gail P. Dalsky, et al. "Teriparatide [rhPTH (1-34)], But Not Strontium Ranelate, Demonstrated Bone Anabolic Efficacy in Mature, Osteopenic, Ovariectomized Rats." Endocrinology 152, no. 5 (February 22, 2011): 1767–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-1112.

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We compared teriparatide (TPTD) and strontium ranelate (SR) efficacy on bone formation activity in a mature rat model of estrogen-deficiency bone loss. Rats were ovariectomized (OVX) at age 6 months and permitted to lose bone for 2 months to establish osteopenia before initiation of treatment with TPTD (5 or 15 μg/kg · d sc) or SR (150 or 450 mg/kg · d oral gavage). After 3 wk, RT-PCR analyses of bone formation genes in the distal femur metaphysis showed significant elevation of collagen 1α2, osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, alkaline phosphatase, and Runx2 gene expression at both TPTD doses, relative to OVX controls. SR had no significant effect on expression of these genes. TPTD treatment for 12 wk dose dependently increased lumbar vertebral (LV) and femoral midshaft bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density over pretreatment and age-matched OVX controls. SR 150 increased BMC, and SR 450 increased BMC and bone mineral density of femoral midshaft and LV over OVX controls. There were significant dose-dependent TPTD increases of LV and femoral neck strength, and TPTD 15 also increased midshaft strength compared with pretreatment and age-matched OVX controls. SR did not enhance bone strength relative to pretreatment or age-matched OVX controls. Histomorphometry of the proximal tibial metaphysis showed dose-dependent effects of TPTD on trabecular area, number, width, and osteoblast surface, bone mineralizing surface, and bone formation rate relative to pretreatment and age-matched OVX controls, whereas SR had no effect on these parameters. These findings confirmed the bone anabolic efficacy of teriparatide, but not SR in mature, osteopenic, OVX rats.

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Moon, Yaejin, Taylor Zuleger, Martina Lamberti, Ashir Bansal, Chaithanya K. Mummidisetty, Kelly A. McKenzie, Lindsey Yingling, et al. "Characterization of Motor-Evoked Responses Obtained with Transcutaneous Electrical Spinal Stimulation from the Lower-Limb Muscles after Stroke." Brain Sciences 11, no. 3 (February 26, 2021): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11030289.

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An increasing number of studies suggests that a novel neuromodulation technique targeting the spinal circuitry enhances gait rehabilitation, but research on its application to stroke survivors is limited. Therefore, we investigated the characteristics of spinal motor-evoked responses (sMERs) from lower-limb muscles obtained by transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) after stroke compared to age-matched and younger controls without stroke. Thirty participants (ten stroke survivors, ten age-matched controls, and ten younger controls) completed the study. By using tSCS applied between the L1 and L2 vertebral levels, we compared sMER characteristics (resting motor threshold (RMT), slope of the recruitment curve, and latency) of the tibialis anterior (TA) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles among groups. A single pulse of stimulation was delivered in 5 mA increments, increasing from 5 mA to 250 mA or until the subjects reached their maximum tolerance. The stroke group had an increased RMT (27–51%) compared to both age-matched (TA: p = 0.032; MG: p = 0.005) and younger controls (TA: p < 0.001; MG: p < 0.001). For the TA muscle, the paretic side demonstrated a 13% increased latency compared to the non-paretic side in the stroke group (p = 0.010). Age-matched controls also exhibited an increased RMT compared to younger controls (TA: p = 0.002; MG: p = 0.007), suggesting that altered sMER characteristics present in stroke survivors may result from both stroke and normal aging. This observation may provide implications for altered spinal motor output after stroke and demonstrates the feasibility of using sMER characteristics as an assessment after stroke.

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Schwartz, K., and P. Verhaeghen. "ADHD and Stroop interference from age 9 to age 41 years: a meta-analysis of developmental effects." Psychological Medicine 38, no. 11 (January 29, 2008): 1607–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170700267x.

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BackgroundIn this meta-analysis, we investigated whether response inhibition is sensitive to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) status and, if so, what influence maturation has on this attentional symptom of ADHD.MethodWe examined 25 studies that reported data on the Stroop color word test in children and adults with ADHD and in age-matched controls; average ages ranged from 9 to 41 years. We utilized a hierarchical approach to analyze the strength of the Stroop effect and whether the effect varies as a function of age. Additionally, we assessed potential differences in maturation rates based on reaction time (RT) of color and color-word conditions.ResultsFirst, we found that the relationship between color-word and color RT was multiplicative, and the slope of this function (the ratio of color-word RT over color RT) was identical across age groups and ADHD status. Second, we found that although ADHD individuals were on average 1.14 times slower than age-matched controls in both the color and the color-word condition, the maturation rate was identical for both groups.ConclusionsThe results from this analysis indicate that the Stroop interference effect is not larger in ADHD individuals than in age-matched controls. Further, we did not find evidence for differential maturation rates for persons with ADHD and the control groups. The Stroop interference effect appears to be immune to age, regardless of ADHD status.

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Borsa, Paul A., Jason S. Scibek, Jon A. Jacobson, and Keith Meister. "Sonographic Stress Measurement of Glenohumeral Joint Laxity in Collegiate Swimmers and Age-Matched Controls." American Journal of Sports Medicine 33, no. 7 (July 2005): 1077–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546504272267.

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Background Glenohumeral laxity that is greater than normal has been implicated as a causal factor in the development of shoulder pain and dysfunction in elite swimmers; however, quantitative evidence demonstrating greater-than-normal glenohumeral joint laxity in swimmers is lacking. Objective To quantify glenohumeral joint laxity in elite swimmers and nonswimming controls using stress sonography. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Force-displacement measures were performed bilaterally in 42 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I swimmers and 44 age-matched controls. Of the 42 swimmers, 27 (64%) reported a history of unilateral or bilateral shoulder pain resulting from swimming. Ultrasound imaging was used to measure glenohumeral joint displacement under stressed and non-stressed conditions. Results An analysis of variance revealed no significant difference in glenohumeral joint displacement between swimmers (anterior, 2.82 ± 1.7 mm; posterior, 5.30 ± 2.4 mm) and age-matched controls (anterior, 2.74 ± 1.7 mm; posterior, 4.90 ± 2.7 mm). No significant difference in glenohumeral joint displacement was found between swimmers with a history of shoulder pain (anterior, 2.90 ± 1.6 mm; posterior, 5.42 ± 2.3 mm) versus swimmers without a history of shoulder pain (anterior, 2.74 ± 1.8 mm; posterior, 5.14 ± 2.6 mm). Shoulders displayed significantly more glenohumeral joint displacement in the posterior direction compared to the anterior direction (P <. 001). Conclusions Our instrumented technique was unable to identify significantly greater glenohumeral joint displacement in elite swimmers compared to nonswimming controls, and elite swimmers with a history of shoulder pain were not found to have significantly more glenohumeral joint displacement compared to swimmers without a history of shoulder pain. Clinical Relevance Objective assessment of glenohumeral joint displacement in athletes participating in overhead-motion sports may be important for injury prevention and management.

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Schonberg, Mara A., Edward R. Marcantonio, Long Ngo, Donglin Li, Rebecca A. Silliman, and Ellen P. McCarthy. "Causes of Death and Relative Survival of Older Women After a Breast Cancer Diagnosis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 12 (April 20, 2011): 1570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.33.0472.

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Purpose To understand the impact of breast cancer on older women's survival, we compared survival of older women diagnosed with breast cancer with matched controls. Methods Using the linked 1992 to 2003 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) -Medicare data set, we identified women age 67 years or older who were newly diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or breast cancer. We identified women not diagnosed with breast cancer from the 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries residing in SEER areas. We matched patient cases to controls by birth year and registry (99% or 66,039 patient cases matched successfully). We assigned the start of follow-up for controls as the patient cases' date of diagnosis. Mortality data were available through 2006. We compared survival of women with breast cancer by stage with survival of controls using multivariable proportional hazards models adjusting for age at diagnosis, comorbidity, prior mammography use, and sociodemographics. We repeated these analyses stratifying by age. Results Median follow-up time was 7.7 years. Differences between patient cases and controls in sociodemographics and comorbidities were small (< 4%). Women diagnosed with DCIS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.7; 95% CI, 0.7 to 0.7) or stage I disease (aHR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.8 to 0.8) had slightly lower mortality than controls. Women diagnosed with stage II disease or higher had greater mortality than controls (stage II disease: aHR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.2). The association of a breast cancer diagnosis with mortality declined with age among women with advanced disease. Conclusion Compared with matched controls, a diagnosis of DCIS or stage I breast cancer in older women is associated with better survival, whereas a diagnosis of stage II or higher breast cancer is associated with worse survival.

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Smith, Kimberley J., Mark D. Peterson, Christina Victor, and Jennifer M. Ryan. "Risk of dementia in adults with cerebral palsy: a matched cohort study using general practice data." BMJ Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): e042652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042652.

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ObjectivesDetermine the risk of incident dementia in adults with cerebral palsy (CP) compared with age, sex and general practice (GP) matched controls.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingUK GPs linked into the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).ParticipantsCPRD data were used to identify adults aged 18 or older with a diagnosis of CP. Each adult with CP was matched to three controls who were matched for age, sex and GP. In total, 1703 adults with CP and 5109 matched controls were included in the analysis. The mean baseline age of participants was 33.30 years (SD: 15.48 years) and 46.8% of the sample were female.Primary outcomeNew diagnosis of dementia during the follow-up period (earliest date of 1987 to latest date of 2015).ResultsDuring the follow-up, 72 people were identified with a new diagnosis of dementia. The overall proportion of people with and without CP who developed dementia was similar (CP: n=19, 1.1%; matched controls n=54, 10.0%). The unadjusted HR suggested that people with CP had an increased hazard of being diagnosed with dementia when compared with matched controls (HR 2.69, 95% CI 1.44 to 5.00). This association was attenuated when CP comorbidities (sensory impairment, intellectual disability and epilepsy) were accounted for (HR 1.92, 95% CI 0.92 to 4.02).ConclusionsThere was no difference in the proportion of people with CP and matched controls who were diagnosed with dementia during the follow-up. Furthermore, while there was evidence for an increased hazard of dementia among people with CP, the fact that this association was attenuated after controlling for comorbidities indicates that this association may be explained by comorbidities rather than being a direct result of CP. Findings should be interpreted with caution due to the low number of incident cases of dementia.

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Kim, Sungeun, Sang Hyun Park, Kyungdo Han, Won Kyoung Cho, Byung-Kyu Suh, and Yong-Gyu Park. "The Population Prevalence, Thyroid Cancer and Mortality Risk for Turner Syndrome in South Korea Based on National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) Data." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A800—A801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1628.

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Abstract Background: In the present study, we estimated the population prevalence, cancer and mortality risk for Turner syndrome (TS) using data from National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) and Rare Diseases Registry (RDR). Methods: We collected data on subjects with TS who were registered in the RDR between 2012 and 2017. To estimate cancer and mortality risk of TS, the data of TS subjects were compared with and 1:5 age and sex matched controls. Results: In 2017, 2054 individuals with TS were identified out of the total population of 26,249,201 South Korean females and the prevalence was 7.83 per 100,000 persons. In 2017, the distributions of TS prevalence across 10 year old age groups showed 11.44 per 100,000 persons in the group under the age of 10 years, 22.43 per 100,000 persons in teenagers, 18.40 per 100,000 persons in twentieth, 10.24 per 100,000 persons in thirtieth, 4.05 per 100,000 persons in fortieth and 0.39 per 100,000 persons after fiftieth. During 5.3 years, the cancer risk in patients with TS was higher than that of age matched controls [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.813, 95% CI 1.009-3.257]. When cancer is categorized by each organs, thyroid cancer risk in patients with TS was significantly higher than that of age matched controls [hazard ratio (HR) =2.697, 95% CI 1.025-7.097]. The all cause of mortality risk of TS was higher than that of age matched controls [hazard ratio (HR) =3.421, 95% CI 1.623-7.212]. Conclusions: In South Korea, the TS population prevalence was 7.83 per 100,000 persons in 2017. The subjects with TS have higher thyroid cancer and mortality risk than healthy controls. Key words: Prevalence, Turner syndrome, thyroid cancer risk, mortality risk.

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Thai, Donna, and Stacy Tobias. "Relationships Between Language and Gesture in Normally Developing and Late-Talking Toddlers." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 37, no. 1 (February 1994): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3701.157.

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Seventeen toddlers with specific expressive language delay (14 boys and 3 girls between 18 and 33 months of age) were compared to two control groups, one matched for language production and the other matched for age and language comprehension, on measures of spontaneous and imitated gesture production. Late talkers performed like age/comprehensionmatched controls on all experimental measures of gesture production and on production of later appearing, more symbolic gestures as reported by parents. Late talkers performed like language-matched controls on earlier appearing communicative gestures and gestural routines as reported by parents. All three groups produced more gestures in canonical imitation conditions than spontaneously. Results are discussed in the contexts of the Local Homology Model and characteristics of toddlers with specific expressive language delay.

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Russo, A. J. "Increased Serum Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase in Individuals with Anxiety." Proteomics Insights 3 (January 2010): PRI.S5180. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/pri.s5180.

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The aim of this study was to assess serum Cu/Zn SOD (Superoxide Dismutase) concentration in individuals with anxiety disorder. Serum from 16 individuals diagnosed with anxiety (no secondary depression) and 18 age and gender matched controls were tested for Cu/Zn SOD serum concentration using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs). Serum Cu/Zn SOD levels of anxiety individuals were significantly higher than age and gender matched controls. These results suggest an association between Cu/Zn SOD serum levels and Anxiety Disorder.

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Pilat, Anastasia V., Sonal Shah, Viral Sheth, Ravi Purohit, Frank A. Proudlock, Joseph Abbott, and Irene Gottlob. "Detection and characterisation of optic nerve and retinal changes in primary congenital glaucoma using hand-held optical coherence tomography." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 4, no. 1 (June 2019): e000194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2018-000194.

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ObjectiveTo investigate (1) the feasibility of scanning the optic nerve (ON) and central retina with hand-held optical coherence tomography (HH-OCT) without sedation or anaesthesia in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG), (2) the characteristics of ON changes in comparison with adult primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in comparison with matched controls, (3) the sensitivity and specificity of ON parameters for diagnosis, and (4) changes of foveal morphology.Methods and analysisHH-OCT (Envisu 2300; Leica Microsystems) was used to investigate ON and foveal morphology of 20 children with PCG (mean age 4.64±2.79) and 10 adult patients with POAG (mean age 66.8±6.94), and compared with age-matched, gender-matched and ethnicity-matched healthy controls without sedation or anaesthesia.ResultsHH-OCT yielded useful data in 20 out of 24 young children with PCG. Patients with PCG had significantly deeper cup changes than patients with POAG (vs respective age-matched controls, p=0.014). ON changes in PCG are characterised by significant increase in cup depth (165%), increased cup diameter (159%) and reduction in rim area (36.4%) as compared with controls with high sensitivity (81.5, 74.1% and 88.9%, respectively) and specificity (85.0, 80.0% and 75.0%, respectively). Patients with PCG have a significantly smaller width of the macula pit (p<0.001) with non-detectable external limiting membrane.ConclusionHH-OCT has the potential to be a useful tool in glaucoma management for young children. We have demonstrated the use of HH-OCT in confirming a diagnosis of glaucoma within the studied cohort and found changes in disc morphology which characterise differently in PCG from POAG.

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Scott, Jessica M., Ben T. A. Esch, Mark J. Haykowsky, Darren E. R. Warburton, Mustafa Toma, Anwar Jelani, Dylan Taylor, et al. "Cardiovascular responses to incremental and sustained submaximal exercise in heart transplant recipients." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 296, no. 2 (February 2009): H350—H358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01100.2008.

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The cardiovascular response to exercise in heart transplant recipients (HTR) has been compared with that of healthy individuals matched to the recipient age (RM controls). However, no study has compared HTR with donor age-matched (DM) controls. Moreover, the cardiovascular response to sustained submaximal exercise in HTR requires further evaluation. We therefore examined cardiovascular responses during incremental exercise and sustained (1 h) submaximal aerobic exercise in 9 clinically stable HTR [63 ± 10 yr of age, 24.2 ± 10.9 ml·kg−1·min−1 peak O2 uptake (V̇o2peak)] and 11 healthy age-matched controls (60 ± 11 yr of age and 36.3 ± 10.7 ml·kg−1·min−1 V̇o2peak for 6 RM controls and 35 ± 8 yr of age and 51.1 ± 10.4 ml·kg−1·min−1 V̇o2peak for 5 DM controls). Heart rate (HR) and left ventricular systolic and diastolic volumes (2-dimensional echocardiography) indexed to body surface area [end-systolic and end-diastolic volume indexes (EDVI and ESVI)], cardiac output (CI), ejection fraction (EF), systemic vascular resistance (SVRI), end-systolic elastance index, and arterial elastance index were determined. Although systolic function was maintained during incremental exercise, peak CI was significantly reduced (6.7 ± 2.4 vs. 11.6 ± 1.4 l·min−1·m−2), secondary to blunted HR, EDVI, and increased peak SVRI, in HTR compared with DM controls. The lower peak CI in HTR than in RM controls was due to blunted peak EDVI (54.1 ± 13.2 vs. 68.6 ± 5.7 ml/m2). During sustained submaximal exercise, HTR exhausted their preload reserve, a response for which changes in ESVI, HR, or EF did not fully compensate. Thus it appears that HTR are limited by impaired preload reserve, HR reserve, and vascular reserve during exercise conditions.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Age-matched controls'

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