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Satir, Muhammad. "Kehidupan Sosial Masyarakat Arab Masa Awal Kehadiran Pendidikan Islam." AL-FIKR: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 5, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32489/alfikr.v5i1.17.
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The social condition of the Arabs before Islam was known as the 'period of ignorance' or the age of ignorance, caused by social, political, morality and social relations in real conditions of error. To understand the jahiliyyah habits of the Arabs, the all-wise God sent an Apostle, Muhammad SAW. polite, humble, generous, brave, honest and trustworthy, they believe in "al-amiin". Arab education at the beginning of Islamic education was not well organized. However, education developed and they had at that time divided into three fields of knowledge. First, the knowledge of the nasab (history), history, and the influence of religion. Second, Ru'ya (dream) knowledge. Third, knowledge about reflection, the knowledge which according to Imam Gazali is a despicable science. While the science of poetry is the knowledge that is only controlled by people who are approved, and it is a sign of anxiety from the Arab community at that time.
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Ulum, Muhammad Bahrul. "Book Review: Asma Afsaruddin, The First Muslims History and Memory (Oxford: Oneworld Publication, 2011) pp. xx + 254. Paperback: $19.95." e-Journal Lentera Hukum 4, no. 3 (December 16, 2017): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v4i3.6176.
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This is one of remarkably few recent books devoted to the Islamic theoretical conversation of constitutional law, by considering the genesis of polity within the Muslim community through historical, political, theological, and legal perspectives. The book provides the contentious concept of jihad and Islamic state which is perceived as the early Muslims’ legacy in this contemporary world. Specifically, it opens a window into the way of understanding the Muslim history by contesting Muhammad’s tolerant polity and the current extremism notion attached to Islam. Beginning the chapter, Asma Afsaruddin, an associate professor at the University of Notre Dame, presents an account of the dawn of Islam brought by the Prophet Muhammad. She takes the lifetime of Muhammad into an account of how the early Muslim community would be shaped from the age of ignorance (Al-Jahiliyya). The term Al-Jahiliyya refers to the time of recklessness and disregard for certain moral, spiritual, and social values revered by Muslims and other righteous people (p. 3).
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Abou El Fadl, Khaled. "WHEN HAPPINESS FAILS: AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE." Journal of Law and Religion 29, no. 1 (February 2014): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2013.10.
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AbstractIn this article, I set forth conceptions of happiness (sa‘ada) from the Islamic tradition, and against this background, I discuss the failure to attain happiness in the modern age. The cumulative Islamic tradition attests to the importance of happiness to faith in God, and to the importance of faith to happiness. While the themes of knowledge, enlightenment, balance, peace, and knowing the other are central to the Islamic theology of happiness, the failure of happiness is embodied by the idea ofjahiliyya(a state of ignorance). I argue that a crucial issue in considering happiness and the failure of happiness is how one understands submission to God, and that submission to God is not simply obedience or servitude to God; rather, submission to God means aspiring to and seeking the goodness of God, and liberating one's soul and being from a state of godlessness, or ignorance (jahiliyya), in order to attain a state of Godliness. To grow into and with God's love is the epitome of fulfillment, goodness, and happiness. However, when submission becomes a formulaic relationship based on generalized stereotypes about history, societies, and people, or on a stereotyped understanding of one's self dealing with a stereotypical understanding of an omnipotent but inaccessible God, unhappiness becomes the norm. Drawing on this analysis, I argue that in the modern age, the modalities of thought in puritanical movements have had a consistently demoralizing and dehumanizing effect that persistently undermines the possibilities for social and moral happiness, and thus, undermines the very purpose of the Islamic faith.
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Anwar, Rahmah, and Abdullah Abdullah. "The Word Ummi And Its Derivation In The Qur'an (Semantic Analysis)." ELOQUENCE : Journal of Foreign Language 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.58194/eloquence.v1i1.145.
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The word ummi originally meant someone who was not good at reading and writing which happened in the jahiliyah era or what is known as the age of ignorance, but this word has other meanings. Therefore, this study aims to find out the word ummi and its derivation in the Qur'an. In this study, the researcher used a qualitative type of research using a descriptive approach, which by being described in the form of words and language, in a special natural context and by utilizing various scientific methods. In this study, it was revealed that the word ummi and its derivation in the Qur'an when viewed from each verse of the Qur'an with all its derivations into two groups. The first group is some of the scholars of the book, found in surah al-Baqarah verse 78. The Second Group are people outside the scribes, which is meant those who are outside the scribes meaning people who do not believe in the books that are returned to the prophets who have received revelation from allah swt before the prophet Muhammad Saw.
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MAHMOOD, SAJID, and SAMI UL HAQ. "مسندامام احمدبن حنبل میں مخضرمین راویان ِحدیث : تعارفی جائزہ." Al-Duhaa 1, no. 02 (February 25, 2021): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51665/al-duhaa.001.02.0040.
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Sunnah is second authentic source of Islamic law. It is the one of the real blessing of Allah that He created religious scholars and aeimma for writing, memorizing, defending and Rawayat wa darayat of these sunah .The struggles and services of Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal (Rahimahu Allahu Ta'ala) for Ahadees are praise working.He was born in Marw on the 20th of Rabi-ul-Awwal 164 A.H.He was a very pious scholar who devoted all his life in the Science of Ahadith and Fiqh.He wrote many books but His most famous book is his "MUSNAD".A book in which he collected about 50 000 to 70 000 Ahadith. His book Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal is a true treasure of knowledge.This book has many qualities, one of the distinctive quality of this book is that Mukhzramen-e-Rawat have been mentioned here.
Mukhzrm is a person who lives during the age of ignorance (zamana e jahiliyat) and age of Islam but He accepts Islam after the death of Holy Prophet (PBUH). This paper is an attempt to highlight the Mukhzramen Rawat.
اللہ تعالٰی نے قرآن مجید نازل فرما کراس امت پر عظیم احسان فرمایا،جس میں زیادت ونقصان اور تحری
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Abdul Gani Jamora Nasution, Alfiah Khairani, Alliyah Putri, Muliana Fitri Lingga, and Salsabila Saragih. "MENGENAL KEADAAN ALAM, KEADAAN SOSIAL, DAN KEBUDAYAAN MASYARAKAT ARAB SEBELUM ISLAM DI BUKU SKI DI MI." JOURNAL OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND SOCIAL SCIENCE 4, no. 1 (January 8, 2023): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jass.v4i1.138.
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Arab society before Islam was a society that lived in the Jahiliyah era. Jahiliyyah which means ignorance and in Islamic law Jahiliyyah means "ignorance of divine guidance" or "condition of ignorance of God's guidance". This paper aims to get to know the natural conditions, social conditions and culture of Arab society before Islam. The results of the study: The Arabian Peninsula is a desert region located in the southwestern part of Asia. The Arabian Peninsula was a strategic area on ancient world maps, when the Australian and American continents were unknown to people, because it was located at the meeting point of three continents, namely Asia, Europe and Africa. The northern region challenges Arabia with the Syrian desert valley, the east is bordered by the Persian plateau, while the west is bordered by the Red Sea. The Arab region consists of deserts where the air is very hot and windy, this area is the Tihamah area, while the area that is in the form of valleys in the mountains is the Hijaz area. The social condition of Pre-Islamic Arab society was based on ethnicities that continued to maintain the teachings of their ancestors, by continuing to maintain traditions such as humiliation, killing female babies, worshiping idols, gambling, stealing, drinking intoxicants, robbing and justifying any means to make wishes come true. The most prominent pre-Islamic Arab cultural community is the field of Arabic literature, especially Arabic poetry. The country of Yemen is a very important cultural growth place that once developed in the Arabian Peninsula before Islam came. The Arab nation is a nation that has a high sense of art.
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Ali Dahmah, Khalid Ali, Basri Ibrahim, and Mohamed Fathy Mohamed AbdelGhelil. "[The Factors that helped to accept and Refine some of The Works of Ignorance Approved by Islam] Al-Awamil alati Sa’adah ala Qabul Ba’da A’mal al-Jahiliyyah alati Aqraha al-Islami wa hazabiha." Jurnal Islam dan Masyarakat Kontemporari 18, no. 1 (September 27, 2018): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2018.18.1.301.
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Islam has approved, refined, and retained some of the precepts practiced during the period of Jahiliyyah (Ignorance). These kinds of precepts are considered part of Islam because they do not contradict the Islamic law. In this study, the researchers focus on highlighting the factors that contributed to the acceptance of a number of Jahiliyya practices related to worship, transactions, personal status, crimes and ethics completed by the Prophet (peace be upon him). Also, the influence of these factors in embracing and spreading Islam are explained. The researchers relied on inductive and historical methods. Among the most important findings of this study are: Islam is an extension of the previous beliefs upon which Allah has created people, and the sound thoughts in Jahiliyyah period have a great role in the establishment of provisions and objectives. Therefore, Jahiliyyah is not evil in its entirety; Islam has approved some of its practices.
Keywords: Contributing factors, practices approved and refined by Islam, Jahiliyyah.
احتفظ الإسلام ببعض أحكام الجاهلية التي كانوا يعملون بها فأقرها وهذبها، واعتبرها جزاء منه لأنها لا تتعارض مع شريعة الإسلام، وقد ركز الباحث في هذا الدراسة على إبراز العوامل التي ساهمت وساعدت على قبول عددا من أعمال الجاهلية المتعلقة بالعبادات والمعاملات والأحوال الشخصية والجنايات والأخلاق، التي جاء النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم بإتمامها. مع بيان أثر هذه العوامل في قبول الإسلام والدخول فيه وانتشاره. وقد اعتمد الباحث في هذه الدراسة على المنهح الاستقراء الاستدلالي التاريخي. ومن أهم نتائج هذا المقال أن الإسلام امتدادا للملل السابقة والفطرة التي فطر الله الناس عليها، وأن للعقول الصحيحة في الجاهلية دورا كبيرا في ترسيخ الأحكام وتثبيتها وكذلك مقاصد االنظر إلى مقاصد الأمور، كما أن الجاهلية ليست شرا كلها وأن الإسلام أقر بعضا من أعمالها والله أعلم.
مفاتيح الكلمات: العوامل المساعدة، الأعمال التي الإسلام وهذبها، الجاهلية.
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Putra, D. I. Ansusa. "New Concept of Ignorance: An Islamic Epistemological Approach to the Story of Moses as Relevant Reference for Contemporary Ulama." Islam Realitas: Journal of Islamic & Social Studies 5, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/islam_realitas.v5i2.2339.
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<p>The understanding of knowledge in the Islamic literature is more focus on the conception of knowledge itself, such as the epistemology of <em>ma'rifah</em> al-Ghazali, the epistemology of Islamic science Syed Nuqaib al-Attas, and the epistemology of the Qur’an Fazlur Rahman. This article is different from the previous concept that looks at knowledge from its antonym, Ignorance (<em>Jahiliyyah</em>). Ignorance is the important topic of socio-religious in the Qur’an which creates new understanding in Islamic epistemological construction. This article argues that in the Qur’an antonimical perspective, Ignorance is the antonym of the word "Islam". Here, Islam has not only seen as a religious institution. Islam is the knowledge itself which full of goodness and good perspective. While Ignorance is the absence of knowledge which at the same time as a source of everything contrary to Islam as knowledge. This statement would affect the epistemological construction of science as a whole and creates a new concept in seeing Islam and everything related to it. This article analyzes the verses of the Moses story in the Qur’an through what author call the antonymy interpretation method. It mean, interpreting the Qur’an about the knowledge through the antonym of the knowledge itself, that is nescience, ignorance and idiocy. The results of this study do not emplace the <em>ulama</em> as guardians of religious authority as understood today, but the <em>ulama</em> are groups of people who have capabilities in the structuring of Islam as knowledge.</p><em><em>Pemahaman pengetahuan dalam khazanah Islam lebih menitikberatkan pada konsepsi pengetahuan itu sendiri, seperti epistemologi ma’rifah al-Ghazali, epistemologi keilmuan Islam Syed Nuqaib al-Attas, dan epistemologi al-Qur’an Fazlur Rahman. Berbeda dari sebelumnya, artikel ini melihat pengetahuan dari antonimnya yaitu Ignorance (Jahiliyyah). Ignorance merupakan topic sosio-religi penting dalam the al-Qur’an yang melahirkan pemahaman baru dalam bangunan epistemologi Islam. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa dalam perspektif antonimimitas al-Qur’an, Ignorance adalah antonym dari kata Islam. Di sini, Islam tidak hanya dipandang sebagai institusi agama. Islam adalah pengetahuan itu sendiri yang penuh kebaikan dan cara pandang yang baik. Sebaliknya, Ignorance merupakan ketiadaan pengetahuan yang di saat yang sama merupakan sumber dari segala perilaku yang bertentangan dengan Islam pengetahuan. Pernyataan ini akan mempengaruhi bangunan epistemologi ilmu secara keseluruhan dan melahirkan konsep baru dalam melihat Islam dan segala yang berhubungan dengannya. Artikel ini menganalisis ayat-ayat kisah Musa melalui sebuah metode penafsiran lawan kata atau yang penulis sebut sebagai metode penafsiran antonimi. Artinya, menafsirkan al-Qur’an mengenai pengetahuan melalui lawan kata dari pengetahuan itu, yaitu ketidaktahuan, ignoran dan kebodohan. Hasil penelitian ini tidak menempatkan ulama sebagai penjaga otoritas agama sebagaimana yang dipahami saat ini, tetapi ulama adalah kelompok masyarakat yang punya kapabilitas dalam strukturalisasi Islam sebagai pengetahuan. </em></em>
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Khobir, Mohammad Azza Nasrul. "DILEMA PENGGUNAAN SYI'IR JAHILIYYAH DALAM TAFSIR "Kajian Atas Pemikiran Thaha Husein"." Al-Munir: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Al-Qur'an dan Tafsir 2, no. 02 (December 14, 2020): 55–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/al-munir.v2i02.64.
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This article exposes on Thaha Husain’s thoughts on the authenticity of the pre-Islamic poetry descriptively by investigating his arguments in his famous book Fi al-Syi’ri al-Jahili (On Pre-Islamic Poetry) which was then changed into Fi al-Adab al-Jahili (On Pre-Islamic Literature) with some revisions. This study mainly discusses the authenticity of the pre-Islamic poetry, its urgency in interpreting the Qur’an, and how the Qur’an views pre-Islam Arab society. It is revealed in the article that a lot of pre-Islamic poetry was not composed in the era of ignorance (Jahiliyah) by pre-Islamic Arab poet but by plagiarists in the era of Abbasiyah Empire for some purposes: political, religion, Qishshah and Hadith narrators. According to Thaha Husain, that a lot of the pre-Islamic poetry neither fit in with pre-Islam Arab nor describe objectively pre-Islam Arab society. It is sufficient to refer to the Qur’an, which certainly valid, to obtain objective descriptions of the pre-Islamic Arab society.
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Hertwig, Ralph, Jan K. Woike, and Jürgen Schupp. "Age differences in deliberate ignorance." Psychology and Aging 36, no. 4 (June 2021): 407–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pag0000603.
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Susilantini, Endah. "AKTUALISASI SERAT ZIKIR MAULUD DALAM TRADISI MASYARAKAT Actualisation of Serat Zikir Maulud in Community Traditions." Jurnal SMART (Studi Masyarakat, Religi, dan Tradisi) 3, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.18784/smart.v3i2.561.
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Serat Maulud Zikir is a work of Islamic literature containing the greatness of God by presenting miracles at the time of the birth of the Prophet Muhammad, until he became an apostle (rasul). In addition, Serat Zikir Maulud also reveals the exemplary of the prophet with elements of faith, morals, and practices and its relevance in the present day. This study tries to reveal the values content in Serat Zikir Maulud and how the birth of the prophet has inspired the living traditions in society. This study is library research by collecting books related to the topic. The findings of research are the content of Serat Maulud Zikir containing a moral message and noble values which benefit for the life of society today. God has planned everything so that the presence of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in the Jahiliyyah (ignorance) society was actually to remind people to get closer and worship to God. The event of the prophet’s birth was commemorated in various places and called the celebration of Maulud Nabi. In Yogyakarta and Surakarta palace, the birth of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is commemorated with Sekaten traditional ceremony which is held every year.
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Dayan, Serdar, and Adem Daskan. "Imam Ali (Ali Ibn Abi Ṭalib), The Peak Personality Who Shaped Arabic Poetry with His Wise Words." International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 5, no. 7 (July 18, 2022): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v5i7.342.
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Imam Ali, the sultan of wise words, who had a good command of the Qur'an, hadiths, and poems of the period of ignorance (Jahiliyyah), used literary sentences even in his everyday conversations. He proved to be the pinnacle of literature by skillfully bringing together words in his poems with deep meanings. His poems were examined in Arab and Turkish sources to reveal the literary power of Imam Ali and the beauty of the used language. Studies on the literary aspect of Imam Ali in the Arabic field are more than the studies in the Turkish field. In the literature, much research was conducted about Imam Ali, but very few of these studies examined his literary language side. As he was the basis of Islamic sciences and the master of scholars who grew up in these fields, he occupied a great place in the literature of Muslim countries. We tried to make up for the lack of analysis of Imam Ali's literary language in this context. Imam Ali was a great person who needed to be examined in every aspect of literature. We tried to reveal his literary side, which was a guide for those who came after him.
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Schwarzkopf, Stefan. "Sacred Excess: Organizational Ignorance in an Age of Toxic Data." Organization Studies 41, no. 2 (January 28, 2019): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840618815527.
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Actors in data-intensive industries at times deliberately induce and reproduce organizational ignorance by engaging in over-production of data. This observation leads the paper to make two claims. First, members of these industries fetishize data excess not in order to reduce, but in order to reproduce and stabilize organizational ignorance. Second, in this process of fetishization, organizational ignorance gives rise to forms of collective effervescence similar to that found in totemistic religions. This effervescence allows organizational actors to draw defining lines around that which is marked as awe-inspiring, dangerous and off-limits, namely the sacred. In reviewing organizational ignorance from the perspective of the sacred, this paper proposes that, paradoxically, contemporary forms of data creation allow companies and industries to organize themselves around ignorance as opposed to the promise of knowledge and insight. The paper uses this theoretical proposal in order to outline the contours of an alternative ontology of organizational ignorance, one that understands this phenomenon in terms of excessive presence of data and information.
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Harvey, Maurene A., and Judy E. Davidson. "Age-Based Ignorance in Family-Centered Care*." Critical Care Medicine 46, no. 4 (April 2018): 661–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000002975.
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Anjum, Samina, and Dr Muhammad Khubaib. "An Overview of the Qu’rānīc Concept of “Jahi’liyyah” and Various Trends of the Present Age." Al Khadim Research journal of Islamic culture and Civilization 2, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53575/arjicc.v2.03(21)e2.12-26.
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The system of this universe has been running under the divine commands of Allah Almighty on fixed and unchangeable principles for centuries. These laws of Nature are the sunnah of Allah Almighty or the religion of this Universe. If man violates these natural laws, doing so is to one's own detriment. Ethical laws as the religion of mankind are also made for the benefit of human beings. These rules are indispensable for the accuracy of human interactions to build society on the right foundations protect it from harms and to create a good society in it. Violation of these laws is more harmful than violation of natural laws. Loss of breaking moral rules is not only limited to his own self, but it also affects the other person or more human lives. Ignoring all these principles of the universe man thinks that he can make rules for himself by building his intellect and can run his life as he pleases and can be successful. This baseless thinking of man is due to the interests of the transient life and this is the starting point of his ignorance. Ignorance is actually the name of deviating from the guidance of Allah and rejecting His command. The word used for his condition is “Jahi’liyyah” at every stage of humanity, if the guidance revealed by Allah is turned away, man will suffer ignorance. Allah Almighty has mentioned four different tendencies of ignorance (Jahi’liyyah) in his last book Qu’rān. These are the general tendencies that man has been suffering from in every age when he puts aside the divine guidance. The forms of ignorance described in the Qu’rān are common in our society today. Modern ignorance is a scientific ignorance which is proving to be more dangerous for humanity than the ancient ignorance. The religion of Islam is all knowledge which removes the darkness of ignorance in every age.
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Bauer, Martin. "Socio-demographic correlates of DK-responses in knowledge surveys: self-attributed ignorance of science." Social Science Information 35, no. 1 (March 1996): 39–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/053901896035001003.
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With the increasing specialization of the knowledge society, knowledge in some areas means ignorance in others, which amounts to the knowledge-ignorance paradox. In the debate on public understanding of science the status of “ignorance” is controversial. How is scientific ignorance distributed by age, education, religion, social category or gender? We attempt to answer this and other questions by analysing “Don't Know”-responses in a European-wide survey as a measure of self-attributed ignorance, using a regression model, and explore how different variables explain self-attributed ignorance in different countries. A pattern emerges which shows that various EU countries differ in their distribution of ignorance of science. The polysemy of ignorance of science across social settings remains a problem for future research.
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Stowell, Frank. "The Knowledge Age or the Age of Ignorance and the Decline of Freedom?" Systemic Practice and Action Research 20, no. 5 (July 12, 2007): 413–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11213-007-9076-2.
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Ghiesari, Esmaeil, Danial Parandvar Kooshk, Ali Abangaha, Mohammad Shafiei, and Narges Kh Eftekhari. "Quran's Vision toward Arab's Social Culture in Age of Ignorance." Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review 3, no. 12 (August 2014): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0018832.
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Sheinis, Michal, Nicole Carpe, Shira Gold, and Amanda Selk. "Ignorance is bliss: women’s knowledge regarding age-related pregnancy risks." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 38, no. 3 (October 12, 2017): 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2017.1357685.
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Lewy, Mordechay. "Western Self-Denial in the Age of Post-Modern Ignorance." Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs 1, no. 1 (January 2006): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23739770.2006.11446244.
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Tomlinson, Sally. "A Monstrous Ignorance: Race, Schooling and Justice." FORUM 64, no. 2 (July 21, 2022): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/forum.2022.64.2.10.
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'Justice is the first virtue of all social institutions.' 2 This article discusses the astonishing ignorance at all levels as to how Britain has become a multiracial, multicultural society in a post-imperial age, the hostility towards changes in the education system which would help clearer understandings of the imperial past, and the efforts of teachers and other educators to assist in the creation of a socially and racially just society.
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Suryaningsih, Iin, and Hendrawanto Hendrawanto. "Ilmu Balaghah: Tasybih dalam Manuskrip “Syarh Fī Bayān al-Majāz wa al-Tasybīh wa al-Kināyah”." JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI HUMANIORA 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36722/sh.v4i1.245.
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<p><em>Abstrak</em><strong> - </strong><strong>S</strong><strong>alah satu kategori manuskrip nusantara adalah manuskrip yang keberadaannya di Indonesia berasal dari pertukaran ilmu para ulama nusantara yang belajar ke Makkah dan Madinah lalu kembali ke tanah air membawa naskah berbahasa arab, kemudian naskah tersebut di pelajari oleh masyarakat Indonesia sebagai bahan kajian keilmuan.Ungkapan tasybih</strong><strong> popule</strong><strong>r di pakai oleh kalangan pujangga arab sejak masa keemasan karya sastra terukir dalam sejarah periode Jahiliyah. Gaya bahasa tasybih merupakan upaya penutur untuk mengungkapkan sesuatu dengan menyerupakan hal yang ia maksud dengan sesuatu lain yang memilki kesamaan efek dan akibat</strong><strong>. Ilmu bayan secara bahasa adalah penjelasan, penyingkapandan keterangan. Sedangkan secara istilahilmu bayan berarti dasar atau kaidah yang menjelaskan keinginan tercapainya satu makna dengan macam-macam gaya bahasa.Metode yang di gunakan dalam penelitian ini di bagi menjadi dua tahap, pertama : metode filologi, di gunakan untuk membaca dan menganalisis teks dalam manuskrip secara tepat, dan kedua : metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan objektif, yaitu metode yang akan fokus hanya pada satu teks saja, menganalisis dan menguraikan isi teks secara menyeluruh dan jelas.</strong><strong> </strong><strong>Penelitian ini </strong><strong>diharapkan dapat </strong><strong>melengkapi kajian-kajian sebelumnya serta memperluas wawasan mengenai khazanah ilmu yang terkandung dalam manuskrip. Dengan begitu, analisis mengenai informasi keilmuan yang terdapat dalam manuskrip dapat dikembangkan dan dikaji secara lebih lanjut.</strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em>Kata Kunci</em></strong><em> - Manuskrip, Filologi, Tasybih, Bayan, </em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>Abstract</em><strong><em> </em></strong><strong>- </strong><strong>One of the categories of nusantara’s manuscripts is a manuscript whose existence in Indonesia, comes from exchanges of science scholars who studied the archipelago to Mecca and Medina and then returned to carrying the Arabic script, then the script is a learned society scientific studies in Indonesia.Expression of tasybih popular used by the Arabic poets since the golden age of literature in history etched in the period of Ignorance. The language style of tasybih is an attempt to express something with speakers equate the things he meant by something else that has similarities to the effects and consequences. Bayan science in language is the explanation, disclosure and description. While the term science in bayan means basic or rule that describes the desire to achieve the one meaning with various styles of language.</strong><strong> </strong><strong>The method used in this research is divided into two stages, the first method is Philology, used for reading and analyzing texts in manuscript precisely, and second: descriptive methodswith objective approach, amethod which will focus only on a single text, analysis and elaborate on the contents of the text thoroughly and clearly.This research is expected to complement previous studies as well as broaden insights into the corpus of knowledge that is contained in the manuscript. Thus, the analysis of the scientific information contained in the manuscript could be developed and examined in more details.</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em> - Manuscripts, Philology, Tasybih, Bayan, </em><strong></strong></p>
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Sparkes-Vian, Cassian. "Digital Propaganda: The Tyranny of Ignorance." Critical Sociology 45, no. 3 (April 19, 2018): 393–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920517754241.
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The existence of propaganda is inexorably bound to the nature of communication and communications technology. Mass communication by citizens in the digital age has been heralded as a means to counter elite propaganda; however, it also provides a forum for misinformation, aggression and hostility. The extremist group Britain First has used Facebook as a way to propagate hostility towards Muslims, immigrants and social security claimants in the form of memes, leading to a backlash from sites antithetical to their message. This article provides a memetic analysis, which addresses persuasion, organisation, political echo chambers and self-correcting online narratives; arguing that propaganda can be best understood as an evolving set of techniques and mechanisms which facilitate the propagation of ideas and actions. This allows the concept to be adapted to fit a changing political and technological landscape and to encompass both propaganda and counter-propaganda in the context of horizontal communications networks.
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Parvin, Phil. "Representing the People: British Democracy in an Age of Political Ignorance." Political Studies Review 16, no. 4 (March 14, 2018): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478929918758572.
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The article evaluates the arguments presented in Jason Brennan’s Against Democracy, Ilya Somin’s Democracy and Political Ignorance and Achen and Bartels’ Democracy for Realists and their implications for democratic theory and practice. The article uses their work to shine a light on ongoing and contradictory trajectories of democratic reform in Britain at the local and national levels, and to argue against the widespread view that British democracy should be reformed in ways that give citizens more control over political decisions. These books point to ways in which democracy might be salvaged, rather than replaced, and in which British democracy in particular might be reformed in order to better meet the challenges of the twenty-first century, by focusing less on participation and more on representation. This requires a two-pronged strategy. First, that we reform liberal democratic institutions in ways which better harness the power of non-majoritarian institutions, strengthen formal epistocratic checks and balances, and embrace the move towards greater political elitism in order to appropriately constrain the popular will and to ensure rigorous scrutiny within a traditionally configured representative democratic system. Second, that we explore ways of incorporating citizens’ voices at different points in the democratic system in order to circumvent some of the problems these authors describe and to ensure that the strengthening of representative institutions does not unfairly marginalise citizens. Achen CH and Bartels LM (2016) Democracy for Realists: Why Elections Do Not Produce Responsive Government. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Brennan J (2016) Against Democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Somin I (2016) Democracy and Political Ignorance: Why Smaller Government Is Smarter, 2nd edn. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
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Boehm, Stephan. "Reflections on The economics of time and ignorance coming of age." Review of Austrian Economics 26, no. 1 (December 21, 2012): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11138-012-0199-z.
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Al-Sharqi, Laila M. "Intersectionality and Transnationalism in Lailā Al-Johanī’s Jāhiliyya (Age of Ignorance)." Contemporary Women's Writing 15, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 382–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cww/vpab040.
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Abstract Lailā Al-Johanī’s 2007 novel, Jāhiliyya (Days of Ignorance), is an innovative fictional work that employs the concept of “Jāhiliyya,” a period of ignorance that is thought to have characterized pre-Islamic Arabia. Jāhiliyya expresses Al-Johanī’s critique of the prevailing social and religious practices adapted by some tribal members of her society. These practices, including racial discrimination, negative stereotyping, and marginalization of women, as depicted in Al-Johanī’s text, are detrimental in their effect on the cultural fabric of society. This study uses intersectionality as an analytical framework through which to examine Al-Johanī’s Jāhiliyya. The essay demonstrates the novel’s integration of aspects of gender, race, and religion as interlocking systems of oppression and sites of transgression in the characters’ lives as they attempt to comprehend their subjectivity, while articulating and negotiating their society’s essentialist and reductionist discourse.
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Schaffhauser, Philippe. "Public Migration Policies from an Agnotological Perspective: Institutional Omission and Confusion Around the “Bracero” File." Migraciones internacionales 10 (January 1, 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2074.
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This article derives from a series of previous studies since 2008 about the movement of former workers in different parts of Mexico. This movement has several sociological edges: social rights, labor migration, return migrations, public migration policies, emotional experiences of migration, old age, rural areas, etc. The role of ignorance in the relationship between braceros and authorities is addressed, in the light of this complexity. Ignorance, known as agnotology from the pioneering works of the historian Robert Proctor, has become an object of study to understand another aspect of contemporary governance. It consists in the deliberate production of ignorance that is infused and spread to a given audience, often taking advantage of its vulnerability. It works by omission (absence of information) or confusion (multiple information). The above is my object of study and then I present its first research results.
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Liang, Yuyu, Xianmei Wang, Li Zhang, and Zhiliang Wang. "A Hierarchical Framework for Facial Age Estimation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/242846.
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Age estimation is a complex issue of multiclassification or regression. To address the problems of uneven distribution of age database and ignorance of ordinal information, this paper shows a hierarchic age estimation system, comprising age group and specific age estimation. In our system, two novel classifiers, sequence k-nearest neighbor (SKNN) and ranking-KNN, are introduced to predict age group and value, respectively. Notably, ranking-KNN utilizes the ordinal information between samples in estimation process rather than regards samples as separate individuals. Tested on FG-NET database, our system achieves 4.97 evaluated by MAE (mean absolute error) for age estimation.
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Nciko, Arnold. "Ignorance of the Law is No Defence." Strathmore Law Review 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52907/slr.v3i1.101.
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The age-long maxim, ignorance of the law is no defence, is a widely known presumption of law. This paper explains societal backdrops against which it has, from time to time, been contextualised. The aim is to prove that failure to present the law in a simplified and digestible form harms the rule of law. While the rule of law requires the capacity of the law to guide the layperson, the sheer number and complex nature of laws in modern States have made it virtually impossible for him or her to know the law. However, this paper does not seek to excuse ignorance of the law. Instead, it offers the street law programme as a panacea to reconcile this presumption with the rule of law. Further, with a particular reference to Kenya, it attempts to give a lesson for most African countries, where little or no attention has been paid to this programme.
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LAZĂR, Roxana-Elena. "The Volatility of Cryptocurrencies in the Age of Digitalization." Anuarul Universitatii "Petre Andrei" din Iasi - Fascicula: Drept, Stiinte Economice, Stiinte Politice 28 (December 10, 2021): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/upalaw/76.
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The evolution of economic crises highlights their common elements, relatively easy to recognize; but mankind doesn't learn too much from its own history; so, we are able to recognize the futures of economic crises, but the ignorance condemns us to repeat the economic crises. However, there are several goods which are excessively traded before the economic crisis: tulips in 1637, real estate in 2007, and cryptocurrencies in the near future. In terms of research, we used a mixed strategy (deductive, inductive, comparative, historical, and casuistic).
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Shapoval, A. S. "LINGUOCULTURAL ASPECT OF THE ENGLISH CONCEPT AGE." Writings in Romance-Germanic Philology, no. 2(49) (January 16, 2023): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2307-4604.2022.2(49).268211.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the linguistic and cultural aspect of the verbalization of the English concept AGE. Among the directions of modern linguistic and cultural studies, there is a phraseologically oriented one, which studies the culturally marked content of phraseological units of various languages, and a lexicographic one, which has an applied focus on compiling various dictionaries that carry cultural information. Our research is carried out within the first direction and is based on the analysis of English phraseological units with the age component. The purpose of our study is to analyze the linguistic and cultural aspect of the English concept AGE. The analysis of the phraseological sample showed that the evaluative color has mainly units that verbalize youth and old age, creating a kind of opposition between these age periods of life. The age period of youth is represented in the studied phraseology by the lexemes young, baby, children. Recorded idioms that contain the mentioned lexemes actualize, first of all, such signs as inexperience, ignorance, which, in our opinion, have a somewhat negative connotation. A positive connotation is recorded when the signs of innocence and freshness of young people’s views are actualized. The inexperience and ignorance of the young is contrasted with the life experience and wisdom of the older generation. However, along with a positive assessment of the experience and wisdom of the older generation, there are also idioms containing a contemptuous and ironic attitude towards its representatives, which is motivated by the inability to change, grumbling character, etc. Thus, the linguistic and cultural analysis of the verbalization of the researched concept in English on the basis of phraseological turns showed that for the English-speaking culture it is stereotypical to oppose two age periods — youth and old age, and both of them have features that have positive and negative assessments of speakers.
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Ghiesari, Esmaeil, Danial Parandvar Kooshk, Ali Abangaha, Mohammad Shafiei, and Narges Kh Eftekhari. "Approach to Qur'an in Beliefs of the Arabs of the Age of Ignorance." Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review 3, no. 12.a (August 2014): 294–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0018870.
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Kovan, Martin. "‘Freedom/Ignorance’: Buddhist-Ontological Non-Duality and Metaethics in an Age of Terror." Sophia 52, no. 2 (May 27, 2012): 381–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11841-012-0309-1.
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Norris, Charles W. "Reflections on the Mucus Symptom." Linacre Quarterly 76, no. 2 (May 2009): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/002436309803889278.
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There exists an enormous amount of ignorance on the part of women concerning the mucus symptom of their fertility. At a young age the vast majority of the fair sex teach themselves to ignore those changing mucus sensations. A worthy goal of Catholic physicians would be to do everything in their power to help correct this deep well of ignorance. The Teen STAR program is designed to teach youngsters the meaning of those changing mucus sensations so that they come to a profound respect for their fertility and sexuality. If Catholics, and Catholic physicians especially, do not tell them the truth about their bodies, who will: the media? the drug companies? Planned Parenthood?
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Tyrer, Peter, and Robert Howard. "Late-onset personality disorder: a condition still steeped in ignorance." BJPsych Advances 26, no. 4 (April 16, 2020): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bja.2020.19.
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SUMMARYPersonality disorder is likely to be common in late life, but our ignorance is such that, at present, we can only speculate about its frequency and importance. The only firm evidence we have is that antisocial personality features tend to be attenuated in older age and obsessional and detached features accentuated. Differentiating personality change following organic disease from personality disorder requires more attention as it is important for good clinical management.
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Huang, Karen, Regan M. Bernhard, Netta Barak-Corren, Max H. Bazerman, and Joshua D. Greene. "Veil-of-ignorance reasoning mitigates self-serving bias in resource allocation during the COVID-19 crisis." Judgment and Decision Making 16, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500008275.
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AbstractThe COVID-19 crisis has forced healthcare professionals to make tragic decisions concerning which patients to save. Furthermore, The COVID-19 crisis has foregrounded the influence of self-serving bias in debates on how to allocate scarce resources. A utilitarian principle favors allocating scarce resources such as ventilators toward younger patients, as this is expected to save more years of life. Some view this as ageist, instead favoring age-neutral principles, such as “first come, first served”. Which approach is fairer? The “veil of ignorance” is a moral reasoning device designed to promote impartial decision-making by reducing decision-makers’ use of potentially biasing information about who will benefit most or least from the available options. Veil-of-ignorance reasoning was originally applied by philosophers and economists to foundational questions concerning the overall organization of society. Here we apply veil-of-ignorance reasoning to the COVID-19 ventilator dilemma, asking participants which policy they would prefer if they did not know whether they were younger or older. Two studies (pre-registered; online samples; Study 1, N=414; Study 2 replication, N=1,276) show that veil-of-ignorance reasoning shifts preferences toward saving younger patients. The effect on older participants is dramatic, reversing their opposition toward favoring the young, thereby eliminating self-serving bias. These findings provide guidance on how to remove self-serving biases to healthcare policymakers and frontline personnel charged with allocating scarce medical resources during times of crisis.
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Goszczyńska, Marta. "Secret Rooms, Locked Doors and Hidden Stories: Retelling “Bluebeard” as a Holocaust Narrative in Michèle Roberts’s "Ignorance"." Analyses/Rereadings/Theories: A Journal Devoted to Literature, Film and Theatre 6, no. 2 (July 14, 2022): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2353-6098.6.12.
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One of the most grisly European fairy tales, “Bluebeard” is also a story that has proved immensely productive, spawning numerous variants, adaptations and rewritings. This essay offers a reading of Michèle Roberts’s Ignorance (2012) as one such retelling. Roberts employs “Bluebeard” to construct a story that utilises the format of a dual coming-of-age novel but is gradually revealed as a Holocaust narrative. Set in a provincial town in Vichy France, Ignorance makes repeated use of “Bluebeard” motifs to explore the complicity of individuals in Nazi crimes against their Jewish neighbours. Featuring secret rooms, forbidden chambers, locked doors and embedded narratives, the novel tells the story of Jeanne Nérin as she comes to terms with her Jewish identity and accepts her responsibilities as a Holocaust survivor. This account is complemented by several other stories, the most important of which is that of Jeanne’s childhood companion, Marie-Angèle, whose Bildung ends in emotional and ethical failure. Fascinated with the life of bourgeois comfort and respectability, Marie-Angèle embraces what Nancy Tuana describes as “wilful ignorance,” and becomes increasingly complicit in the acts of injustice, exploitation and crime she witnesses.
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Nair, Veena J., Athri S. S, and Jishnu R. "SLEEP - THE MOST NEGLECTED IMPULSE OF PRESENT AGE." International Ayurvedic Medical Journal p4, no. 05 (July 30, 2020): 2433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj11p4052020.
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A good night sleep is required for wellbeing of every organism. Humans though considered as an intelligent among living beings, seldom understand the importance of sleep impulse and ignore it. This ignorance has paved way for many health issues. Impulses are generated for maintenance of body and must be managed at proper time. Sleep impulse is essential for various brain functions, production of various hormone like growth hormone, cognitive power, good immune response etc. Today in highly competitive world human have forgotten his body needs. Earlier handful of persons suffered from sleep disturbance unlike today, where sleep disturbance is very common factor almost in every household. This article is an attempt to pull in the importance of sleep impulse and the ill effects if not attended on time.
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Varakina, J. L., O. A. Kharkova, and A. N. Trifonova. "THE SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION ABOUT SELF-MAINTAINING BEHAVIOR IN CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE ALTERATION: THE QUALITATIVE STUDY." Sociology of Medicine 18, no. 1 (June 15, 2019): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1728-2810-2019-18-1-35-40.
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The article presents description of knowledge and perceptions of the Arkhangelsk Oblast population of able-bodied and elderly age concerning on-going climate alterations. The semi-structured interview was implemented for data collection. The content analysis was applied for text data consideration. In population group of able-bodied were singled out such categories as “adaptation”, “actions”, “dilemma”, “conditions”, “interest”. In population group of elderly age the singled-out categories were “ignorance”, “indifference”, “adaptation”, “condition”, “awareness”.
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CENGIZ, Ercan. "Floods in Mecca from the Age of Cahiliyye (Ignorance) to the End of Emevis." Turcology Research 75, no. 1 (September 28, 2022): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/jtri.2022.4528.
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Bovensiepen, Judith, and Mathijs Pelkmans. "Dynamics of wilful blindness: An introduction." Critique of Anthropology 40, no. 4 (October 12, 2020): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x20959432.
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What are the politics of ignorance in an age of misinformation? How can the concept of ‘wilful blindness’ help us to understand the logics involved? We start the introduction to this special issue by arguing that the intrinsic instability of wilful blindness draws valuable attention to the graded nature of intentionality and perception, and the tensions between them. These features are an essential part of the workings of ignorance, as we illustrate with reference to the shifting intentions of drug couriers, the fleeting moments in which the humanity of victims is recognised in the midst of violent acts, and the affects that channel economic behaviour, such as in the subprime mortgage crisis. When approaching perception and intentionality as complexly entangled in institutionalised fields of power, ‘wilful blindness’ emerges as a powerful and critical diagnostic of the epistemic instabilities of our time.
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Skees, Murray. "Aporia and Wonder in the Age of Big Data." Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 23, no. 2 (2019): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne201951498.
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My argument in this paper is given in two parts. In Part I, I review the ancient understanding of aporia, focusing on works by Plato and Aristotle. I illustrate two ways of understanding aporia: “cathartic” and “zetetic.” Cathartic aporia refers to the experience of being purged of hubris and ignorance through the dialectic. Zetetic aporia, on the other hand, requires us to engage in, recognize, and work through certain philosophical puzzles or problems. In Part II, I discuss the idea of Big Data and then argue that in the “age of answers” neither conception of aporia appears to be necessarily cultivated by the average Internet user. Our experience of wonder suffers when we rely so heavily on the Internet as a “surrogate expert,” and when our social media use betrays the fact that we always seem to gravitate towards the like-minded.
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Berkner, Paul D., Haley T. Driscoll, Gregory F. Marchetti, Joseph W. Penna, Humza Ali, Danielle E. Jewell, and Lily Herrmann. "Pluralistic Ignorance in Concussion Reporting Among Student- Athletes." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 5_suppl2 (May 1, 2022): 2325967121S0048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00481.
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Background: The underreporting of concussions is a persistent problem among student athletes and has the potential to lead to negative health outcomes. The reasons for underreporting are multifactorial and included cultural norms and peer pressures of which one component is pluralistic ignorance. Purpose: To evaluate the impact of pluralistic ignorance on the decisions of concussion reporting amongst Division III athletes. We propose that gender, age, and type of sport will impact the responses that individuals make within a survey that they took in a group setting. Methods: A Qualtrics® survey was created which contained an array of questions including; concussion knowledge, impulsivity, intention of self and teammate to report concussions and cultural reporting norms. The survey was administered in a group team setting and contained video vignettes depicting concussions and other injuries. The survey was administered to 295 NCAA Division III athletes representing 13 different sports: men’s baseball, basketball, ice hockey, football, and women’s field hockey, volleyball, soccer, softball, squash, and men’s and women’s Nordic skiing, lacrosse, rugby, ultimate frisbee. Results: 295 student athletes participated, 150 were women, 142 were men, 3 gender identified as other, and their ages ranged from 18 to 26. Individuals were excluded from the analysis if the individual responded inconsistently to both validator questions. Contact sport participants had higher scores on the knowledge questions and had increased agreement for teammate intention to report than their non-contact and collision counterparts (Kruskal-Wallis H = 9.61, P = .008) and had overall lower measures of impulsivity (H = 7.88, P = .019). Collision sport participants were less likely (59%) to endorse a teammate culture that was supportive of concussion reporting (C2 = 13.56, P = .036) however female athletes (72%) and non-contact participants (79%) were more likely to endorse a culture supportive of self-reporting. Overall, regardless of gender, intention to play (self and teammate) despite concussion symptoms was endorsed by 66% of athletes and was more common among collision (75%) and contact participants (70%, C2 = 12.14, P = .016). Conclusion: Despite the fact that the majority of college athletes don’t endorse pluralistic ignorance within their teams (i.e. a cultural of not reporting) two-thirds of the college athletes still indicate they would not report their concussion symptoms.
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Brohi, Zahida Parveen, Uzma Parveen Brohi, Roohi Nigar Ujjan, and Aneela Sadaf. "FACTORS AFFECTING UTILIZATION OF ANTENATAL CARE AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING PRIVATE SECTOR OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT." LIAQUAT MEDICAL RESEARCH JOURNAL 3, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.38106/lmrj.2021.3.3-03.
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This study aimed to evaluate the factors influencing women to avail antenatal care among women attending outpatient department (OPD), of private sector hospitals in Hyderabad. This was an interview-based survey conducted during a period of six months (from1stJuly 2019 to 31st December 2019) at OPD of private sector Hospital in Hyderabad. All the pregnant women and their female companions attending the antenatal OPD were included. Those women who regretted being part of the study were excluded. Participants of the study were interviewed regarding the knowledge and factors affecting utilization of antenatal care among women attending OPD as defined in a pre-set questionnaire. All the data was recorded in self-made proforma and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. A total of 500 pregnant women were interviewed regarding awareness of antenatal care. The study participants were grouped according to their age, 3% were 15-20 years of age, 30.9% were 21-30 years of age, 34.5% were 31-40 years of age and 31.5% were more than 41 years of age. Out of those who did not avail antenatal care, 8.5% were not allowed due to family restrictions, 47.3% reported ignorance, 9.7% lived far away from the facility, 24.2% could not afford it and 10.3% had other reasons of not availing antenatal care. The study concluded that the main reason for not utilizing antenatal care was ignorance by the women as well as their family members; affordability was also an important factors in a considerable number of participants.
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Sheinis, M., Nicole Carpe, Shira Gold, and Amanda Selk. "O-OBS/GYN-S-045 Ignorance Is Bliss: Women’s Knowledge Regarding Age-related Pregnancy Risks." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 38, no. 5 (May 2016): 499–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jogc.2016.04.067.
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Paulo, Norbert, and Thomas Pölzler. "X-Phi and Impartiality Thought Experiments: Investigating the Veil of Ignorance." Diametros 17, no. 64 (May 12, 2020): 72–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33392/diam.1499.
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This paper discusses “impartiality thought experiments”, i.e., thought experiments that attempt to generate intuitions which are unaffected by personal characteristics such as age, gender or race. We focus on the most prominent impartiality thought experiment, the Veil of Ignorance (VOI), and show that both in its original Rawlsian version and in a more generic version, empirical investigations can be normatively relevant in two ways: First, on the assumption that the VOI is effective and robust, if subjects dominantly favor a certain normative judgment behind the VOI this provides evidence in favor of that judgment; if, on the other hand, they do not dominantly favor a judgment this reduces our justification for it. Second, empirical investigations can also contribute to assessing the effectiveness and robustness of the VOI in the first place, thereby supporting or undermining its applications across the board.
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Livingstone, Sonia. "Audiences in an Age of Datafication: Critical Questions for Media Research." Television & New Media 20, no. 2 (November 9, 2018): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476418811118.
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This article critically examines how fears of audience gullibility, ignorance, and exploitation impede media studies’ response to the pressing challenges posed by the growing power of social media platforms and their innovative datafication practices. I revisit the history of audience research to show how empirical findings contested the pejorative conception of the audience problematically yet persistently imagined by theorists of media power during the twentieth century. As media studies joins other disciplines in responding to the growing datafication of society, I propose that the circuit of culture model can help theorize media (including platform and algorithmic) power by opening up the hermeneutic and action space between production and consumption. In this way, critical scholarship might more effectively analyze such metaprocesses as mediatization and datafication precisely by recognizing rather than erasing audiences’ relation to both the everyday lifeworld and the public world of citizen action, regulatory intervention, and the wider society.
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Sardar, Ziauddin. "Welcome to Postnormal Times." Świat i Słowo 34, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3080.
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All that was ‘normal’ has now evaporated; we have entered postnormal times, the in-between period where old orthodoxies are dying, new ones have not yet emerged, and nothing really makes sense. To have any notion of a viable future, we must grasp the significance of this period of transition which is characterised by three c's: complexity, chaos and contradictions. These forces propel and sustain postnormal times leading to uncertainty and different types of ignorance that make decision-making problematic and increase risks to individuals, society and the planet. Postnormal times demands, this paper argues, that we abandon the ideas of ‘control and management’, and rethink the cherished notions of progress, modernisation and efficiency. The way forward must be based on virtues of humility, modesty and accountability, the indispensible requirement of living with uncertainty, complexity and ignorance. We will have to imagine ourselves out of postnormal times and into a new age of normalcy—with an ethical compass and a broad spectrum of imaginations from the rich diversity of human cultures.
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Sardar, Ziauddin. "Dobro došli u postnormalna vremena / Welcome to postnormal times." Context: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 1, no. 1 (March 11, 2022): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55425/23036966.2014.1.1.5.
Full textAbstract:
All that was ‘normal’ has now evaporated; we have entered postnormal times, the in between period where old orthodoxies are dying, new ones have not yet emerged, and nothing really makes sense. To have any notion of a viable future, we must grasp the significance of this period of transition which is characterized by three c’s: complexity, chaos and contradictions. These forces propel and sustain postnormal times leading to uncertainty and different types of ignorance that make decision-making problematic and increase risks to individuals, society and the planet. Postnormal times demands, this paper argues, that we abandon the ideas of ‘control and management’, and rethink the cherished notions of progress, modernization and efficiency. The way forward must be based on virtues of humility, modesty and accountability, the indispensible requirement of living with uncertainty, complexity and ignorance. We will have to imagine ourselves out of postnormal times and into a new age of normalcy—with an ethical compass and a broad spectrum of imaginations from the rich diversity of human cultures.
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Kobylarek, Aleksander. "The Internet as a new chance for academic communities." Journal of Education Culture and Society 6, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20151.5.8.
Full textAbstract:
Some universities in Central and Eastern Europe are facing a crisis of identity. Academic institutions have for centuries developed independence, liberal education and independent research. Freedom and independence have always been essential for the quality of academic work. Thanks to this , scholars and scientists were restricted only by their own ignorance, which in its turn , was restricted by experience. It meant that the age of the scholar was usually connected to his knowledge. The older scientist had to be smarter and wiser.