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Lindqvist, Jessica. "Ageism: A literature review." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24161.
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Background: The studies analyzed have shown among other things that ageism appears to be an overlooked category in intersectionality studies, elderly is offered care in worse conditions than non-elderly and stereotypes restrict elderlys social space to act. The gray tsunami is approaching but studies show that large gaps separate different agegroups.Aims: The study discuss how scientists reason about ageism towards elderly in a social science discussion.Method: A literature review was conducted in which fifteen articles were analyzed. The database used, is the librariescatalog Summon, at Malmö University. The articles was compiled in themes to give dilated clarity in ageisms complexity towards elderly. The results are being discussed on the basis of terror management theory, gerotranscendence and social identitity theory.Results: Elderlys relation to society's expectations about aging can affect a self/body-dualism, a split. Scientists are often looking for one explanation to include all elders which gives the effect of homogenizing the group. Terror management (TMT) may explain young people's anxiety based on notions of elderly and aging. Social identity theory (SIT) could be one explanation of elderlys ageism towards their own age group, which has shown to be built on societies conceptions about aging and elderly.Conclusion: It is shown an eminent need to examine ageism more. The articles reason that many elderly undergoes a self/body dualism split, where aging can not be accepted because of society's perceptions of it. Elderly homogenized through stereotypes to which properties are attributed. By perceptions of elderly as different and acting in a way non-elderly can´t understand, because the lack of experience. Therefor, the theory of gerotranscendense can be discussed as one explanation for the distance and or that some of the non-elderly have difficulty identifying with some of the elderly.
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LA, ROCCA STEFANIA. "THE IMPORTANCE OF BEING OLDEST: AGEISM AND MEMORY IN THE AGEING SOCIETY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/325877.
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Dal 2002, anno in cui l’Organizzazione mondiale della Sanità ha sancito i principi per promuovere politiche economiche e di welfare orientate all’Active Ageing, anche la letteratura in campo psicologico operante nel settore dell’invecchiamento si è mossa in accordo con questi principi. La tesi di dottorato presenta degli studi inerenti l’invecchiamento che vertono su due tematiche principali: da un lato i fattori psicosociali nell’invecchiamento intesi come atteggiamento e percezione della propria età; dall’altro i processi cognitivi maggiormente colpiti nell’invecchiamento sano, in particolar modo gli aspetti di memoria episodica, e gli strumenti per allenarli e valutarli.
La tesi è dunque divisa in due sezioni.
Nella prima parte saranno approfonditi i temi dell’ageismo e degli atteggiamenti verso il proprio processo di invecchiamento, attraverso due studi che utilizzano la realtà virtuale come metodologia e approccio in grado di simulare il processo di invecchiamento: in un primo studio attraverso l’utilizzo della realtà virtuale abbiamo indagato l’impatto di una stimolazione di embodiment visuo-tattile nel modificare gli atteggiamenti negativi verso gli anziani in tre gruppi di età differenti. Nel secondo studio, data l’importanza delle caratteristiche degli avatar negli studi di realtà virtuale, abbiamo creato un dataset di corpi e volti digitali che potranno essere utilizzati successivamente per studi che combinano la realtà virtuale e gli atteggiamenti verso gli anziani.
Nella seconda parte saranno invece approfondito il dominio della memoria episodica come componente relativa al self e indirettamente legata ai benessere e ai vissuti di preoccupazione e ansia relativi alla perdita di memoria. Verranno presentati due studi: un training cognitivo da noi creato con l’obiettivo di stimolare le componenti di memoria episodica e un compito che, sfruttando la rappresentazione della mental time line e del distance effect, ha l’obiettivo di studiare i meccanismi di apprendimento di eventi simil- personali in giovani e anziani.Since 2002, when the World Health Organisation laid down the principles for promoting active ageing-oriented economic and welfare policies, psychological literature in ageing has also been developed following these principles. The doctoral thesis provides studies on ageing that focused on two main themes: on the one hand, the psychosocial factors in ageing comprehensive of attitudes and perception of one's age; on the other hand, cognitive processes most affected in healthy ageing, especially episodic memory, and tools to train and evaluate them. The thesis is, therefore, divided into two sections. In the first part, the themes of ageism and attitudes towards one's ageing process will be explored through two studies that use virtual reality as a methodology and approach capable of simulating the ageing process. In a first study, we investigated the impact of a visuo-tactile embodiment stimulation in modifying negative attitudes towards the elderly in three different age groups through the use of virtual reality. In a second study, given the importance of avatar characteristics in virtual reality studies, we aimed to create a dataset of digital bodies and faces that can be used later for studies that combine virtual reality and attitudes towards the elderly. In the second part, we will focus on episodic memory as a domain related to the self and well-being. Two studies will be presented: a cognitive training created by us that aims to stimulate the components of episodic memory, and a task that, exploiting the representation of mental timeline and distance effect, has the objective of studying the mechanisms of learning of similar- personal events in young and old.
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Birch-Kennedy, Katie. "Awareness of ageism in learning." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316111.
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York-Pryce, Sonia. "Ageism and the Mature Dancer." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/396523.
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This research questions the taboo issue of ageing and its relationship to the early retirement of professional dancers in western dance culture.
My personal experience as a dancer informs this research which examines the contribution that older, experienced dancers (OEDs) make to current dialogues relating to performance and ageism in the field of dance. The dancers within this study have chosen to extend their careers beyond the western ballet and contemporary dance industries’ expectations of an acceptable age to perform. They endeavour to retain visibility despite entrenched discrimination, which begins at around the age of thirty-five, curtailing careers before they have had the opportunity to mature. Thus, I observe from a European-Australian standpoint the endemic ageism and lack of recognition these under-represented dancers within western dance culture endure.
To meet the aims of the research, an interdisciplinary and practice-led approach has been employed to investigate dancers and ageing through a survey, interviews, and by producing dance films in collaboration with a cohort of OEDs. This research places importance not only on the performances of the dancers, but also on their verbal accounts of their practice. Their observations offer unique insight into their physical and mental endurance at a challenging time of life and give voice to the issue of ageism in dance.
The practice-led outcomes are a series of short dance films that feature nine OEDs, including myself, as visual documentation that demonstrates their craft and epitomises a life of training, nuance, and embodied memory. Through the form of screendance, I intend to create an inclusive space for OEDs by ensuring they remain visible. In doing so, this research demonstrates a new understanding, professional appreciation, and empathy towards the OED. By using the form of screendance, this research acknowledges the OED not only for their corporeal difference but also for how their practice, rather than their age, defines them.Thesis (Professional Doctorate)
Doctor of Visual Arts (DVA)
Queensland College of Art
Arts, Education and Law
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Lyons, Bobbie Alexander. "Racism, Sexism and Ageism in America." W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625704.
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Simpson, Paul. "Differentiating the self : how midlife gay men in Manchester respond to ageing and ageism." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/differentiating-the-self-how-midlife-gay-men-in-manchester-respond-to-ageing-and-ageism(2b726220-1ea5-4c4a-b454-3df908b5abde).html.
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The study seeks to answer how midlife gay men in Manchester manage growing older. It analyses accounts generated through in-depth interviews with 27 middle-aged gay men living in Greater Manchester (aged 39 - 61) and 20 participant observation sessions conducted in Manchester's 'gay village.' It deploys an interpretivist methodology and a 'pick and mix' analytical framework developed by Thomson (2009) that uses of Foucault's 'technologies of the self' (1987) (that concern capacities for agency) but located within 'fields of existence' (with their own norms) adopted from Bourdieu (1984). Through analysis of participants' accounts of bodily practices (dress, grooming, diet, exercise) and their relationships in various fields, the study examines the constraints on and choices around expression of midlife identity and ways of relating. The study's structuring theme concerns the mechanisms through which midlife gay men in Manchester differentiate themselves from others. Differentiation is achieved largely through moral and epistemic claims-making around an 'authentic' gay male midlife self that is central to the notion of a legitimate, (age-appropriate) form of socio-sexual citizenship. As extant scholarship has identified, there are normative restrictions on expression of a midlife self and the possibilities for interaction (especially with younger gay men) but men can use self-worth and political knowledges gained from life experience ('ageing capital' and age-related technologies of the self) to do other than comply with such restrictions. But, this study also illuminates men's ambivalent responses to age, ageing, gay ageism and homophobia that involve negotiation with discourses that inform understandings of ageing and sexuality. The study also maps a cultural "politics of the minor" (Rose 1999) operating at the micro-level, which is concerned to affect the context of interaction. The power relations of gay male ageism that are crucial to this expression of politics are multidirectional. Midlife gay men are not just the targets of ageism from younger gay men. They distinguish themselves in ways that can express ageism towards younger, (some) peer aged and old gay men. The study also complicates assumptions about midlife gay men and their lives: 1) Dressing for 'comfort' (part of an 'authentic' midlife self) contradicts the idea that midlife gay men obsess about the body, prolonging youth and maintaining sexual marketability. 2) Manchester's gay village is not overwhelmingly a site of exclusion for midlife gay men. They negotiate with the rules of the game and use emotional and cultural political knowledges gained through life experience to resist ageism and carve out a conviviality that involves friendship, affection and care for others in sexualised space. 3) Gay men continue to experience unequal access to public space but gains in self-worth with age and the recent tolerance dividend indicate that this is now more often experienced as safer. Gayness is now being claimed as integral to broader sexual citizenship. 4) Midlife gay men do not live outside of kinship. Subjects creatively reconfigured their kinship circles/friendship families over time. This form of kinship has special political significance for this present generation of middle-aged gay men in Manchester. Paul Simpson, Manchester University, PhD. Sociology. 11 September 2011.
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Read, Simon Mark. "Older people : ageism and the National Health Service." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/88118/.
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The care of older people in the hospital setting has been the subject of increasing scrutiny from policymakers, researchers, philosophers and age campaigners over the last twenty years. However, in spite of continued attention in organisational training, dignity campaigns and government policy, reports of undignified care continue to surface through notable incidents such as the Mid Staffordshire Public Inquiry. This study examined the role that the cultural representation of older people may have on the attitudes of NHS staff towards them, hypothesising that this influence can be as meaningful as that gathered in the work or social settings. The research adopted a mixed methods approach incorporating a national survey of NHS staff cultural consumption habits, multi-modal discourse analysis of cultural texts typically consumed by that population, and semi-structured interviews with NHS staff. The findings show that older people are generally underrepresented from large swathes of culture, and when represented there is a tendency towards either negative or positive stereotypes. Market trends and operational processes within the cultural industries help to explain the variation of representation on offer, with audience segmentation being a key factor in cases where older people were absent or negatively stereotyped. These representations were found to inform the interviewees’ perceptions of the older population, although this was also mediated by experiences gathered on the job, in training or through social engagement. While efforts are ongoing to foster intergenerational understanding in NHS organisational culture and local communities, the unique position of the cultural industries makes similar interventions in this field more challenging.
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Cameron, Stephanie. "A Study of Nurses' Attitudes Toward Medical Ageism." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1837.
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Medical ageism in the United States affects senior citizens' activities of daily living (ADL) and the quality of their medical care. Medical ageism refers to discrimination against, abuse of, stereotyping of, contempt for, and avoidance of older people. Nurses who take care of the elderly are responsible for ensuring that older patients are treated fairly and in a timely manner, so it is important to know whether or not nurses have any bias regarding the elderly. The research questions addressed in this quantitative study explored whether or not there were differences in nurses' perceptions of ageism as moderated by the nurses' own gender, ethnicity, age, or years of experience. This study used a researcher-developed demographic survey and the Age Based Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (RSQ-Age). The theoretical framework for this study included the theory of emotional labor. A quantitative, causal-comparative design was used to test the hypotheses. Sixty one nurses were purposively sampled via snowballing sampling. Analysis of variance was used to determine mean differences in ageism between the specified independent variables. Findings from this study revealed that caregivers with less than, or equal to, 5 years of nursing experience had significantly lower ageism scores than nurses with more than 5 years of experience. Gender, ethnicity, or age did not significantly affect ageism scores. This study may contribute to social change by determining how nurses can recognize their own potential fallibilities in the field of gerontology, thereby having the potential to promote positive health outcomes for the elderly.
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Nation, Patricia Ann Campo. "Factors Associated with Ageism: A Survey of College Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278151/.
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The primary question addressed was, "What effect does educational attainment and acquired knowledge of ageing have on negative ageism?" Subsidiary questions are, "What effect does; age, sex, and positive/negative experiences with aged individuals, have on ageism?"
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Wagland, Richard. "Age, equality, and cultural oppression : an argument against ageism." Thesis, Brunel University, 2004. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5557.
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The concept of 'ageism' has often been thought to be of limited moral concern, especially in comparison to other forms of discrimination such as racism and sexism. Nevertheless, there are also those who believe that ageism is morally significant, and there are diametrically opposed views within liberal and egalitarian theory as to whether age discrimination is or is not just. This thesis has two objectives. Firstly, it seeks to overcome the apparent vagueness of the concept that has given rise to such diametrically opposed views concerning ageism by examining exactly what the phenomenon involves. It defines the wrongfulness of much age discrimination as originating in either the nature of the reasons for which people discriminate against the old or the nature of the consequences for the individuals affected. In the course of the thesis I make several important distinctions, the most important of which are between the social and moral worth of a person, and between the synchronic and diachronic interests of a person. These distinctions allow us to distinguish between a culturally oppressive ageism and ageism that is justified by reasons of equality and efficiency. The former is intrinsically morally wrong, the latter extrinsically wrong. The second aim of the thesis is to develop an anti-ageist ethical principle capable of challenging both forms of ageism in a comprehensive way, and which is consistent with a broader liberal egalitarian political theory. This is achieved by drawing on the distinction between the irreducible nature of each person's synchronic and diachronic interests. I have identified the principle that we should protect the synchronic interests of older persons with a democratic social egalitarianism that seeks to equalise the social relations between citizens rather than concentrating upon an equality of distribution. It is in this way that I also connect the debate about the morality (or otherwise) of age discrimination with debates within contemporary liberal egalitarian philosophy.
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Walker, Ruth Virginia. "Expanding Our Conceptualization of Ageism: Moving Toward an Intersectional Lifespan Approach." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1467905345.
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Duffy, Francis. "Intergenerational Perspectives on Ageing in Australia ‘Companions on a Journey - they did it for you, you do it for them’." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/19730.
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The broad research question that this thesis aims to address is: what are the intergenerational lived experiences of ageing in Australia and how do intergenerational relations impact this experience? In particular, the thesis set out to explore older and younger peoples’ perceptions and experiences of ageing and consider this in light of dominant discourses on ageing. The thesis explores intergenerational interactions and expectations of each other in relation to ageing and arrangements, or plans to deal with ageing. For many people ageing is a shared intergenerational journey, yet this is an underexplored area of research in Australia and is why the focus of this study is important. The study involves in-depth narrative interviews with 13 participants over the age of 70, along with 13 significant people each selected from a younger generation. This qualitative study explores how ageing is socially constructed, understood, experienced, planned and negotiated, between older and younger generations. It explores lived experiences of ageing and intergenerational relations, whilst taking into account institutional narratives, which for the most part paint ageing as a problem and claims that there are significant inequities and division between older and younger generations. This thesis has been theoretically and methodologically framed to allow participants considerable scope to discuss what was important to them. The study was underpinned by social constructionism, postmodernism, narrative inquiry, Foucauldian ideas and critical social work. Societal dominant negative discourses about ageing and intergenerational relations are not supported by the findings in this thesis. Instead of divisions and inequities between generations, this study has revealed high levels of intergenerational commitment, loyalty, reciprocity and concern for each other. Ageing is very much a shared intergenerational journey. When it comes to planning for ageing, there is no one size that fits all. In some cases making formal or informal plans is useful, whilst in other cases it can increase risk or result in family conflict. Making specific plans for healthcare appears much more complex and unpredictable than what is promoted and advertised in popular planning tools. Intergenerational relations are central to how older people think about making plans. Older participants are particularly concerned that governments have not initiated more creative options in relation to care and accommodation and have instead turned to expensive market solutions. Later life for many participants is a time of much opportunity; a time to pursue lifelong interests and ongoing learning, and a time of being busy and productive well into later years. Participants experienced great respect within their families, close networks, local communities and with their GPs, and were much more likely to encounter ageism in the context of institutions, such as in government and media discourses about ageing and when interacting with healthcare institutions and residential aged care facilities. As such, social workers and other professionals have much serious work to do to combat institutional ageism and to promote the desires and rights of older people.
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Love, Helene. "Age and ageism in the sentencing of older adults." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/37103.
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As Canada's population ages, judges will increasingly have to determine what sorts of sentences are appropriate for aged criminal offenders. This thesis sought to uncover current trends in judicial practices by asking the research questions: Does old age have an impact on a sentence? When, why, and in what way? Are these practices ageist?
This thesis investigates these important questions by first comparing the sentences handed down to older adults (those aged older than 60 years) with those handed down to younger adults (those aged under 60 years) to see if old age has an impact on the duration of penal sentences. While the duration of the sentences handed down to older adults compared to younger adults are not significantly different, in many cases, judges explicitly state that old age operates as a factor that commands leniency in a sentence.
Next, a qualitative analysis of the legal texts of the judgments examines when, why and in what way old age influences sentencing practices. These practices are then submitted to an age based critique. Old age impacts sentencing practices in a variety of ways, and can either increase or decrease the duration of a prison term. This paper concludes that, in most cases, judges adopt an age-neutral approach to sentencing.
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Collins, De Ann R. "Investigating predictors of ageism : supportive relationship with older adult wanted." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1247.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Drury, Lisbeth. "Using psychological mechanisms to reduce intergenerational ageism via intergroup contact." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/63785/.
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Positive social interaction between members of opposing social groups (intergroup contact) is an effective method of prejudice reduction (Allport, 1954; Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006). This thesis explores how intergroup contact theory can be applied to age groups to reduce ageism towards older adults. Chapters 1 to 3 form the theoretical chapters of the thesis. Chapter 1 defines psychological processes underpinning ageism, provides details of its prevalence, outlines its consequences in society, and gives a justification for its reduction. Chapter 2 introduces the psychological processes underpinning intergroup contact theory and its different formations. This is followed by a literature review of intergenerational contact research, which identifies research gaps in the field and research questions addressed in this thesis. Four empirical chapters then present findings from eight studies. In Chapter 4, Study 1 provides initial correlational evidence of the relationships between direct intergenerational contact, ageism and related psychological processes. Chapter 5 addresses the research question of whether extended contact can be successfully applied to age groups. Studies 2, 3 and 4 provide novel evidence that extended intergenerational contact reduces ageism and is effective via reduced intergroup anxiety, ageing anxiety and ingroup norms. These studies also support prior research demonstrating that direct contact reduces ageism via intergroup and ageing anxieties. Chapter 6 presents two studies that extend the focus of the thesis to include age stereotypes. Secondary analysis of national survey data in Study 5 explores the perception of older adults' competence across the lifespan and friendships with older adults. The degree to which young and middle-aged adults perceive that competence declines with age is attenuated by having as little as one older friend. Building on these findings, Study 6 explores the relationships between direct and extended intergenerational contact, ageist attitudes and warmth and competence stereotypes. Corroborating Chapter 4, both direct and extended contact predicted reduced ageism and are effective via increased competence stereotypes and increased warmth stereotypes. In the final empirical chapter in the thesis Chapter 7 presents two studies that explore intergenerational contact theory in applied contexts. Using an experimental design, Study 7 evaluated an intergenerational programme in which students had conversations with older adults about their technology use. Compared to a control group, the experimental group rated older adults as warmer yet more incompetent. However, only warmth and not incompetence stereotypes formed indirect pathways to subsequent attitudes towards older adults more widely. Study 8 examined care workers positively and negatively experienced intergenerational contact with care home residents. Although care workers experienced more positive than negative contact, negative (but not positive) contact was associated with their attitudes towards care home residents and it generalised to older adults more widely. This indirect effect of negative contact to older adults was effective only for subtle and not blatant ageist attitudes. Overall, the thesis provides a range of evidence suggesting that intergroup contact theory can be successfully applied to the reduction of ageism. It presents a detailed overview of current knowledge, corroborates existing evidence and presents novel findings for extended contact and mediators of both direct and indirect intergenerational contact.
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Griffiths, Hayley. "Self-stigmatization and ageism amongst older people accessing mental health services." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/3472.
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The aim of this novel piece of research was to explore experiences of self-stigma amongst a group of older people (aged 65+) currently using mental health services. In order to try and identify possible contributing factors to internalized stigma it was also decided to gather information on optimism and a baseline measure of distress. These scores were all compared with the individual’s likeliness to continue to use the mental health services as it was hypothesized that higher levels of self-stigma would be linked with a lower likelihood to continue to use services. Fourteen participants (age range 65-92) from three different geographical areas agreed to take part having been approached by a mental health professional known to them. Interviews were then arranged directly with each participant, with each interview being made up of three questionnaire measures to rate levels of distress, optimism and experiences of mental health stigma, a Likelihood to Continue to Use Services rating scale, and a repertory grid. The repertory grids had been specifically designed to explore the construct systems of the participants in relation to their age. The main finding was that experiences of mental health stigma were minimal, but that participants showed some signs of internalizing ageist attitudes. However, neither of these variables was correlated with a likelihood to continue to use services, suggesting that it is factors other than mental health stigma and age stigma and selfstigmatization that impact on an older person’s decision to continue to engage with mental health services or not. The small sample size also meant that power was lacking from the findings, indicating that further research needs to be carried out. This study has opened up a research area which needs further ongoing investigation in order to fully explore the clinical implications of self-stigma in relation to age and mental health problems. Areas of potential future research are offered and briefly explored.
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Stensgaard, Jessika, and Maria Björnström. "Äldre kvinnors upplevelse av sexualitet : En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för hälsa och lärande, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16799.
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Bakgrund: Mängden äldre ökar i befolkningen. Av dessa är många äldre kvinnor på grund av deras högre genomsnittlig livslängd. Relationer förändras med en högre ålder och de sociala förutsättningar som finns. Sexuella revolutionen under 1900-talet har påverkat deras liv och möjligheter till fri sexualitet. Menopaus är en naturlig åldersrelaterad påverkan för biologiska kvinnor som innebär kroppsförändringar med symtom som påverkar sexualiteten. Välbefinnandet och hälsan påverkar sexualiteten. När livet förändras måste människan förändra sin livsvärld och anpassas till nya förutsättningar. Andra faktorer som religion, kultur, samhälle påverkar sexualiteten och hur kvinnan uttrycker den. Sjuksköterskan kan vägleda äldre kvinnor i sin sexualitet genom att vara professionella. Syfte: Att belysa äldre kvinnors upplevelse av sexualiteten och olika faktorer som påverkar den. Metod: Kvalitativ forskningsanalys av åtta artiklar. Resultat: De äldre kvinnorna från studierna var en grupp med stor mångfald, med flera unika berättelser och upplevelser. Ur denna mångfald har fyra kategorier kunnat urskiljas som belyser kvinnors sexualitet och de faktorer som påverkar den. Dessa kategorier var: Miljö, Självkänsla och självbild, Partner, Intimitet och Sexualitet. Slutsats: Det är viktigt att sjuksköterskan beaktar sexualiteten för att kunna möta människan i hennes situation, när det kommer till ett svårt och känsligt ämne som sexualitet.Background: The amount of the elderly increasesin the population. Of these, many are older women because of their longer average life expectancy. Relationships change with a higher age and the social conditions that exist. The Sexual Revolution of the 20th century has affected their lives and opportunities for free sexuality. Menopause is a natural age-related impact for biological women, which involves bodily changes with symptoms that affect sexuality. When life changes, people must change and adapt to new conditions. Other factors such as religion, culture, society affect sexuality and how the woman expresses it. The nurse can guide older women in their sexuality by being professional. Purpose: To highlight older women's experiences of sexuality and various factors that affect it. Method: Qualitative research analysis of eight articles. Result: The older women from the studies were a group of great diversity, several unique stories and experiences. From this diversity, four categories have been distinguished which shed light on women's sexuality and the factors that affect it. These categories were: Environment, Self-esteem and Self-image, Partner, Intimacy and Sexuality. Conclusion: It is important that the nurse takes into account sexuality in order to be able to meet the woman in her situation, when it comes to a difficult and sensitive subject such as sexuality.
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Averhart, Veronica. "Ageism in the Workplace: Examining the Influence of Age Conceptualization on the Advancement Opportunities of Older Workers." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/585.
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This study examined variables that may influence managers’ perceptions of the need for and benefits of training and promoting older workers. Age conceptualization, worker gender, tender-mindedness, openness to values, and emotional intelligence were predicted to affect the relationship between worker age and the probability and perceived benefits of training and promoting older workers. Approximately 500 working professionals read one of four training and promotion vignettes and provided training probability ratings, training benefits ratings, promotion probability ratings, and promotion benefits ratings in order to test twenty-four hypotheses. Results provided evidence that both worker age and the way in which age was conceptualized affected the extent to which workers were recommended for training as well as the perceived benefits of training workers. It was also found that worker age and the way in which age was conceptualized affected the extent to which workers were recommended for promotions and the perceived benefits of doing so. Of the individual characteristics studied, openness to values was found to act as a moderator of the relationship between age conceptualization and the extent to which older workers were recommended for a promotion and the relationship between age conceptualization and the perceived benefits of promoting older workers. Findings from this study suggest that organizations that wish to protect older workers from discrimination should make decision-makers aware of the influence of age conceptualizations on the salience of older worker stereotypes. By being cognizant of individual raters’ levels of the personality characteristics examined in this study, organizations can create decision-making teams that are not only representative in terms of demographic characteristics (i.e. race, gender, age, etc.) but also diverse in terms of personality composition. Additionally, organizations that wish to decrease discrimination against older workers should take care to create guidelines and procedures for training and promotion decisions that systematically reduce the opportunities for older worker stereotypes to influence outcomes.
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Lee, Kristina. "Investigating motivations and barriers to working with older people among psychologists in clinical training in the UK." Thesis, Open University, 1999. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57980/.
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Background and Aims: The population aged over 65 in the UK is increasing, however this population is traditionally underserved by clinical psychologists. Part of the reason for this underservice may relate to psychologists' reluctance to work with this group. The literature suggests a number of issues which may account for this reluctance, e. g. professional ageism, anxiety about ageing, death and dependency. This research aims to explore the relevance of these issues among clinical psychology trainees, as well as exploring their attitudes towards psychotherapy with older clients and their thoughts about how recruitment could be improved Design and Participants: A cross sectional postal design was used. Questionnaires were sent to trainees at 25 of the Clinical Psychology Training courses in the UK. Three hundred and seventy-one trainees returned questionnaires. Measures: A questionnaire was designed by the author which included a number of published measures. Results: The trainees reported that they were less interested in working within the older adult specialty than within the adult or child specialties, although older adult services were more popular than learning disability services. The trainees' interest in working with older people could be predicted by their interest in this area prior to training; by aspects of their ageing anxiety and by their experience of working with older people during training. The trainees' age; death anxiety and attitude to older people did not predict their interest in this area. Trainees further discussed how they thought approaches should be modified with older people; why they thought recruitment to this area may be problematic and how recruitment could be improved. Discussion and Implications: The discussion considers provisional explanations for the findings. The clinical implications are examined particularly in terms of recruitment to the older adult specialty. The limitations with this study are explored and ways forward suggested.
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Hernandez, Alexander Antonio. "Adapting to technological change in the workplace: An assessment of the effects of information and communication technology on older workers." Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104077.
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Thesis advisor: John B. WilliamsonWhile much has been written about the effects of information and communication technology (ICT) on the workplace, little research has focused specifically on its effect on older workers. Using Pierre Bourdieu's theories of "capital" as a frame, I investigate how older academic faculty, clergy, and government employees have been affected by the rapid technological changes that have occurred in the workplace over the past 25 years. I conducted 75 semi-structured interviews and discovered that older workers, while generally limited in their technological familiarity and competence when compared to their younger coworkers, do have a wealth of skills that make them invaluable as employees in the modern workplace. Through the use of their social connections and organizational knowledge, I found that older workers are able to successfully mitigate almost any lack of technological skill. Moreover, as the responsibilities of workers change, because of globalization and the automation of work, I contend that the skills of older workers will be able to successfully manage the transition
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Sociology
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Hess, Emily S. "Wrinkled Radicals: Maggie Kuhn, the Gray Panthers, and the Battle Against Ageism." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1386244574.
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McCann, Patricia. "Older women - 'doing things a different way' : ageism, sexism and leisure activities." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armm122.pdf.
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Reaves, Mekay L. "Perceived status value regarding elderly individuals : assessing cultural influence /." Read thesis online, 2009. http://library.uco.edu/UCOthesis/ReavesML2010.pdf.
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Littler, G. A. "The development and dimensions of human ageing : a multidisciplinary analysis of Liverpool's older population." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367027.
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Roberts, Jane. "Ethics Adherence as a Predictor of Age Bias in Social Work Practice with Older Adults." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30031.
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The purpose of this study was the examination of age bias in social work professionals
who have direct and influential contact with a growing segment of the population:
older adults. Those who work most closely with older people may be at risk for
age bias, although much of the research on age bias has been conducted with students
rather than with those who work with older people. This study adds to the research
on prejudice; the sources from which attitudes, values, prejudices, and stereotypical
thinking arise were addressed. Key experiences with older individuals were found
to predict age bias. Because social work ethical principles closely align with
conditions known to reduce prejudice, it was hypothesized that higher ethics adherence
would be associated with less age bias. Specific experiential factors were found
to influence prejudice toward older people. Influences from family beliefs and
from television and other media were associated with a non-biased attitude, as
were influences from caregiving to older people. These sources of one's values
and beliefs about older individuals were also found to predict the extent of one's
knowledge of aging processes. Although ethics adherence was not a predictor of
age bias, the discovery of the influence of family beliefs, media portrayals,
and caregiving experiences revealed a need for awareness of ageist beliefs in
a professional population that works extensively with older adults.Ph. D.
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Swift, Hannah J. "The social, psychological and behavioural consequences of ageism : implications for research and policy." Thesis, University of Kent, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580360.
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Ramirez-Ruiz, Blanca. "Role of emotion regulation and internal ageism on adjustment and satisfaction with retirement." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22832.
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Objectives: This thesis includes two distinct pieces of work. The purpose of the systematic review was to address a gap in the literature by examining available evidence relating to the use of Emotional Regulation (ER) strategies (avoidance, problem solving, reappraisal, rumination, and suppression) on the wellbeing of older people. The empirical paper aimed to examine the role of ER strategies and ageism on adjustment and retirement satisfaction. It also sought to examine the impact of other contextual factors such as financial status, health, and social support on retirement wellbeing. Methods: A systematic review of cross-sectional studies examining a quantitative association between one aspect of ER (avoidance, problem-solving, reappraisal, rumination and /or suppression) and a self-reported quantitative well-being measure was completed via a comprehensive literature search of electronic databases. Studies were included if the participants were 60 years or older and without cognitive impairment. Wellbeing was explored in a broader way not only including measures of the absence of illness but positive constructs such as positive affect, positive social relations or autonomy. In the empirical study, participants completed a postal survey which included ER strategies, attitudes to ageing, adjustment and satisfaction with retirement and contextual factors such as financial status, health and social support. A series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the independent contributions of ER strategies and attitudes to aging to adjustment to, and satisfaction with, retirement. Results: Twenty studies met inclusion criteria for the systematic review. The relationship between life satisfaction, positive emotion and ER was explored by four studies while nineteen out of twenty studied the relationship between ER and anxiety and depression. Only a conclusion about ER and negative mood measures could be made given the scarcity of research examining the association between ER and positive psychological concepts. Rumination was found to be the ER strategy most strongly associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression in OP population, while mixed results were found for avoidance, problem solving, suppression and reappraisal. Findings from the empirical study indicated that traditional predictors of adjustment (wealth and health) accounted for 12% of the total variance in outcome. Problem-solving was the strongest variable in the model explaining 24% of the difference in adjustment. Interestingly, the retirees who reported not having used problem-solving as a mechanism to cope with retirement were the most adjusted. Regarding satisfaction, retirees tended to experience higher retirement satisfaction if they had a greater level of self-rated mental health and increased access to household income (explained 14% and 9% of the total variance respectively). However, retirees who reported high levels of rumination experienced lower retirement satisfaction (rumination accounted for 8% of the total variance). Ageism was not a predictor of retirement adjustment or satisfaction. Conclusions: According to the systematic review, rumination seems to be the ER strategy most strongly associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression in OP population. This finding was consistent despite the heterogeneity of the studied populations and a variety of outcome measures. Further research is needed to explore the impact of ER strategies on measures of physical health and wellbeing in OP. The results of the empirical paper support the role of traditional predictors (wealth and health) in satisfaction and adjustment with retirement. The retirees who adjusted better to retirement were those who did not use problem-solving as a strategy to confront retirement. Retirees who reported high levels of rumination experienced lower retirement satisfaction. Ageism did not predict retirement satisfaction or adjustment. These findings are discussed in the context of retirement planning and successful ageing.
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Nilsson, Jessica. "Adapting Society for the Ageing Population Through Architecture and Urban Planning." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-138806.
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People are getting older in the world and the aging population is increasing each year which lead to a higher demand of the society to care for the elderly population. In the year of 2050 there will be over 2 billion elderly people in the world and most of them will live in the developing countries. 1 The improved healthcare has led to peoples’ wealth and longer live in the world. Though one can see ageing as a successful achievement, there is things that need to be improved in the society. The ageing population is getting larger and the age discrimination and loneliness among elderly is one of the largest concerns to deal with within this context. This thesis will try to get an understanding of the role of the elderly in society and improve the conditions for an ageing population. Therefore, one will investigate in this master thesis; "How to adapt society for an ageing population?"
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Hupp, Jill N. "CRIMES AGAINST OLDER ADULTS: PERSPECTIVES OF STUDENTS AND POLICE DETECTIVES." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1145548238.
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Ball, Elizabeth. "Ageism in Social Work Education| A Factor in the Shortage of Geriatric Social Workers." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10751740.
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This study examined ageism in social work students, which potentially could influence their choice to work with older adults. A sample ( N = 122) of students from six California State Universities completed an online survey. The Relating to Older People Evaluation (ROPE) measuring positive and negative ageist attitudes and behaviors was the primary measure. Three questions from the Crowne Marlow Social Desirability scale were also included. Findings did not show conclusively that ageism is a factor among social work students. However, only a small percentage of the participants indicated that their current program specialization is older adults. Additionally, only a small percentage of graduate students reported wanting to work with seniors after graduation. This is similar to data published by the Council for Social Work Education and demonstrates that a workforce gap remains. Few competent geriatric social workers for the growing numbers of older adults are available.
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Davis, Neil Carter. "The relationship of ageism and life satisfaction in a large intergenerational group of adults." [Pensacola, Fla.] : University of West Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/WFE0000022.
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Magnin-Gidholm, Elisabeth. "GENERATIONS IN HARMONY; : The generations choir, voices in interplay to raise awareness about ageism." Thesis, Konstfack, Industridesign, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-6289.
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This essay is written in the context of a master exam project at Konstfack university of arts, crafts and design. I have explored what I, in the capacity of a designer, can do to raise awareness about ageism. The proposal, called “the generations choir”, is an interactive installation that will see the light of day during the spring exhibition at Konstfack in May 2018. It aims to give space to reflect upon our own actions and standpoint in relation to the topic of ageism. The structures of the choir system, often with age divided groups, stands as a metaphor for our age-segregated society. The human voice is the material I have used to work with in my quest to promote change, the idea of new ways of living: enabling interaction with different generations in a meaningful way. Apart from the recording of singing voices of all ages, I have worked with sensors and programming to create a functioning interactive sound installation. I have focused on making an installation that invites visitors independent of age or disabilities (except the hearing impaired) to move freely and explore harmonies. My aim is to show that together with our differences, whether it’s a new voice, a broken voice or a frail voice, we can create something strong, lasting and beautiful. I want to remind us not to fall into the trap of age segregation and forget about all the good things that come with sharing references, experiences, stories and knowledge. Let us harmonies more! With whom do you sing?
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Inker, Jennifer L. K. "Ageism Among Healthcare Professionals: The Influence of Personal Aging Anxiety, Job Role, and Work Setting on Attitudes Toward Older Patients." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5282.
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Older adults make up a significant and increasing proportion of the U.S. population and are frequent users of healthcare services. Ageism in healthcare, driven by an incomplete and narrowly biomedical perspective on aging, has been linked to various problematic outcomes for older patients, including under- and over-treatment. The purpose of this study was to use the theory of relational ageism to explore the relationship between personal aging anxiety among healthcare professionals and their attitudes to older patients, considering the potentially moderating factors of job role and work setting. Using convenience sampling, clinical healthcare professionals working for a mid-sized, regional healthcare system in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States were invited to participate in an online survey, resulting in a sample of N = 145. Independent variables in this study included the sociodemographic variables of gender, age,
race, ethnicity, level of education, formal geriatric or gerontological education, and years of expression, plus job role, work setting, and aging anxiety scores as measured by the Aging Anxiety Scale. The dependent variable was attitudes to older patients as measured by the Geriatric Attitudes Scale. Regression analysis findings suggest that while having formal geriatric or gerontological education was associated with more negative attitudes to older patients, other sociodemographic variables including gender, age, race, ethnicity, level of education, and years of experience were not predictive of attitudes to older patients. While physicians had more negative attitudes toward older patients than did nurses, therapists, and other types of clinicians, work setting was not predictive of attitudes toward older patients. Study findings also indicate that higher levels of personal aging anxiety of healthcare professionals were correlated with more negative attitudes to older patients. This study provides information that can inform diversity training for healthcare professionals in order to improve attitudes toward older patients and reduce age discrimination in healthcare. A key recommendation is the inclusion of an exploration of healthcare professionals’ internalized attitudes to aging in any diversity training in order to increase awareness that these internalized attitudes about aging may influence their attitudes to older patients.
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Colton, Jana. "Sex and the Elderly: What Physicians Should Know About Their Older Patients." Yale University, 2008. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-08072007-102501/.
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This study is intended to explore how physicians can best help their older patients attain a better quality of life through sexual healthcare by eliciting older patients perceptions and experiences regarding their sexual health needs and what role their physician should play in meeting those needs. Participants consisted of individuals and couples over the age of 65 recruited from a continuing care retirement community and from a VA Geriatric Clinic. Twenty in-depth, one-on-one interviews were conducted, and transcripts were analyzed using qualitative methodology. Analysis of transcripts revealed a broad range of findings including seniors perceptions of: the definitions of sexual activity and sexual health, their own sexual status, their own sexual health needs, the barriers to meeting their sexual health needs, and the ageist beliefs of others and themselves. This study exposed older patients self-perceived sexual health needs and the barriers to having those needs met; this knowledge should help physicians improve the quality of life for their senior patients through improved sexual health care.
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Barnett, Zoe L. "Doddering but dear? : investigating the applicability of the stereotype content model (SCM) for aged exemplars in Australia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19762.pdf.
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Giles, Sarah Elizabeth Tally. "Gray Matters: Aging in the Age of #grannyhair." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77878.
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Drawing on previous literature in cultural gerontology, ageism and age relations, and cultural appropriation this study analyzes the recent grannyhair trend on instagram. Recently, younger women have been coloring their hair combinations of white, silver, and gray and posting images of their style on instagram with the #grannyhair designation. In this study we use an intersectional approach to age and gender relations to explore this phenomenon. Previous studies show that women's behaviors and presentations of aging are policed by cultural standards of age-appropriate appearance and performance, particularly in regards to their hair. Qualitative content analysis of #grannyhair images are examined to assess the extent of age-based stereotypes and policing of age-appropriate behavior and appearance. This study found that instagram users engaged in this trend did not challenge age relations. Rather, boundaries of age-appropriate behaviors enacted in the #grannyhair trend are largely set by younger users. The ways in which young users utilize ageist stereotypes as a way to emphasize the contrast between their stylistic choices and their status as young attractive women framed the #grannyhair trend as one of appropriation. That is, young women adopted gray, white, and silver hair as a cultural symbol and changed its original meaning as a marker of old age. Conversations among both young and old instagram users echoing previous literature that details the contentious relationships old women have with their aging bodies, and hair specifically.Master of Science
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Walker, Helen. "Women and men of a certain age : the gender dimension of ageism in paid employment." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2007. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5890/.
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Once a Cinderella subject, the employment of people aged 50 and above (often referred to in the literature as 'older workers') has become an issue of major prominence in recent years. This is no more evident than in the passage of the Age Regulations (October 2006) and with it, New Labour's pledge to encourage age diversity in the workplace. Older people are thus being encouraged to re-enter the labour market through schemes such as the New Deal 50 plus and Pathways to Work or to take up volunteering under the rubric of 'active citizenship'. There is now a variety of ways in which people approaching later life would, on the face of it, be able to access work, education and training opportunities. However, past research and current data suggest that there are a number of barriers to the take up of such opportunities. For instance, research has shown that older workers receive lower performance ratings than their younger counterparts (Saks and Waldman, 1998). The suggestion here is that negative stereotypes regarding an individual's chronological age may override employers' appraisal of their older workers. Ageism has been cited as the main barrier to employability and occupational progression for the majority of older workers. Past research in this field has highlighted the discriminatory power of economic myths and stereotypes concerning the work ability of older age groups (for example Taylor and Walker, 1998). The picture to emerge is that older workers are perceived by employers to be less productive, harder to train, and more expensive and difficult to manage than younger workers. It is therefore hoped that policy intervention will have the long term effect of supporting older age groups who have consistently been undervalued and often discarded by employers for simply being 'too old'. Laudable aims, but are employers ready to listen? Moreover are older people (and society at large) ready to refuse to conform to, or accept, negative images of their age group? This research considers the nature and salience of ageism in the UK labour market. It also asks whether ageism alone is enough to explain the extent of the discrimination experienced by older women and men. It looks at these issues through the eyes of older people themselves and the organisations that impact upon their lives in an effort to understand the barriers they face in the realm of work and employment. Qualitative and quantitative evidence is presented from older individuals and employers across the UK. Analysis of the data supports the existence of ageism in the workplace. It also reveals a gender dimension to the ageism experienced, which works to the detriment of older women and, in a qualitatively different way, older men as well. Yet self-reported examples of ageism were often more implicit than explicit, based around wider cultural stereotypes about people of a certain age. These findings are, of course, in accordance with much related past theory and research. Yet in contrast to previous work, consideration is also given to the part played by individual difference and to broader societal and psychological influences (i.e. life satisfaction). Such an approach indicates that older peoples' experiences of employment are more complex than previously assumed. For example, individuals' experiences of gender and age discrimination are not static, nor isolated from wider personal, historical and social contexts in which they had grown up and grown older. It is therefore argued that the study of ageism should be broadened out and linked to a variety of factors that concern how we as individuals and a society view old age.
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Bailey, Terri Ann Gibson Rhonda. "Effect of message type and source in advocacy communication investigating message strategies to combat ageism /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1880.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 11, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication." Discipline: Journalism and Mass Communication; Department/School: Journalism and Mass Communication, School of.
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Lindqvist, Madelene, and Barbara Mortlock. "Diskriminering av personer över 65 år inom vård och omsorg : en litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-2475.
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Bakgrund Ålderdomen som fenomen är i samhället förenad med myter kring hur den äldre personen bör vara och bete sig. Ålderistiska attityder förekommer inom vård och omsorg vilket påverkar kvalitén på den omvårdnad som ges till äldre. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva hur ålderism påverkar omhändertagandet av personer över 65 år inom vård och omsorg. Metod Arbetet utfördes i form av en allmän litteraturöversikt. Totalt inkluderades 13 artiklar i resultatet. Samtliga var publicerade mellan år 2007 och 2016. Kvalitativa, kvantitativa, mixade samt retrospektiva artiklar analyserades och sammanställdes i en matris. Utifrån matrisen bearbetades artiklarnas resultat till ett för litteraturöversikten övergripande resultat. Resultat Resultatet redovisades i form av tre huvudteman: vårdpersonal och studenters syn på äldre personer, att främja positiva tankar kring åldrandet samt omvårdnadsmiljön understödjer ålderism och upplevd diskriminering. Det övergripande resultatet tyder på att främjande av positiva attityder i kombination med ökad geriatrisk kunskap hos vårdpersonal kan bidra till att minska diskrimineringen av personer över 65 år. Slutsats En ökande andel patienter över 65 år inom vård och omsorg innebär att det blir viktigt att förmedla kunskap till vårdpersonalen om hur de i sitt arbete kan skapa förutsättningar för att ge god omvårdnad till den äldre generationen. En minskning av diskrimineringen skulle på längre sikt kunna öka äldre personers trygghet och välbefinnande när de befinner sig inom vård och omsorg.
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Duncan, Colin. "The evolution of the concept of ageism and implications for employment and prospects in older age." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23867.
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With reference to eight submitted research papers dealing with aspects of ageism both within and outside the employment arena, the discussion focuses upon, consolidates and develops in systematic fashion two key avenues of enquiry that feature to some degree in all of the papers. Part 1 of the Critical Review traces the origins, and investigates the subsequent evolution of the ageism concept in the UK. Three evolutionary phases are located: its initial treatment as a form of prejudice affecting only older people; then as a form of employment discrimination affecting older workers; and its current guise where ageism is treated as synonymous with age inequality per se, potentially affecting all ages. The analysis investigates how and why this shift occurred, concluding that it owed more to utilitarian concerns and vested interests on the part of economic actors than to social justice preoccupations. Elements of chance and timing also played a role, as did questionable stances by academic commentators and age advocates. Given that the current conception of ageism is derived from complex political processes and contingent events, rather than from theoretical debate or popular advocacy, its legitimacy is questioned, particularly its diminished value in challenging distinctive forms of prejudice affecting older people. Part 2 builds on this theme by examining the consequences of subsuming ageism affecting older people within age equality discourses and statute. A case is first set out in support of the original formulation of the concept, by distinguishing old age prejudice from less pernicious forms of age discrimination experienced by younger people. Subsequent discussion demonstrates how age equality constructs embraced in employment law and economic and social policies not only fail to protect older people from discrimination, but can also represent serious threats to well-being in older age, by conferring ideological legitimacy upon workfarism, welfare and pension retrenchment and attacks on the institution of retirement. At a personal level too, age equivalence strictures can be socially and psychologically debilitating for older people, by fostering damaging sentiments of anti-ageing. It is concluded that well-being in older age is best promoted by policies that lie outside the confines of crude age equality frameworks.
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Kirk, Robert Michael. "Age Differences in Identity Processing Styles and Self-Consciousness: A Moderation Analysis and Examination of Ageism." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1428926536.
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Thomas, Rachel. "Aging Ragefully: A Look at Aging Women in Four Contemporary American Dramas." TopSCHOLAR®, 2015. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1464.
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Despite the growing feminist discourse in America, ageism continues to be a problem, partially due to stereotypical representations of aging women in the media and in literature. This thesis examines the portrayals of aging women in four American dramas: Zona Gale’s Miss Lulu Bett, Edward Albee’s The American Dream and The Sandbox, and Tracey Letts’ August: Osage County. Each of the aging matriarchs in these dramas plays a different role within her family structure; however, all employ others’ perceptions of them as a means of gaining or keeping control over their own situation. Chapter 1 examines Mrs. Bett from Zona Gale’s Miss Lulu Bett, and how she uses the way she is perceived by her family as a means of helping her daughter, even though her own fate is set. Chapter 2 explores the character Grandma from Edward Albee’s The American Dream and The Sandbox, and the ways in which Grandma uses her family’s perception of her, as well as her own rhetoric about aging, to establish her own selfdefinition. Chapter 3 discusses Violet, the matriarch of the family in Tracey Letts’s August: Osage County, and how she uses the way her family perceives her as a way to control the family’s destruction.
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Reeves, Michael Dennis. "Age-typing across occupations when, where, and why age-typing exists." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4825.
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The present study sought to determine the direction and degree to which occupations representative of all major occupational categories are viewed as age-typed (i.e., more appropriate for older or younger workers). The 60 occupations examined were the 12 most common and familiar occupations in each of five occupational categories used by the U.S. Census Bureau. I randomly assigned 365 participants to one of three survey conditions. Participants rated the feature centrality, proportional representation, normative age, and optimal performance age of 20 of the 60 occupations and the age-type of 20 different occupations. Results showed that participants reliably rated the occupations on a continuum from highly young-typed to highly old-typed. Occupations viewed as most appropriate for older workers included psychologists (clinical), bus drivers, and librarians, whereas those viewed as most appropriate for younger workers included recreation and fitness workers, bartenders, and hosts/hostesses. Interestingly, despite commonly held stereotypes that older workers are less competent than younger workers (Kite, Stockdale, Whitley, & Johnson, 2005), old-typed occupations were viewed as requiring higher competence than those viewed as young-typed. Additionally, roughly three times as many workers are needed to fill the most young-typed jobs compared to the most old-typed jobs (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000). Both of these findings suggest problems for an increasingly aging workforce (Administration of Aging, 2010). I also found that perceived proportional representation accounted for 79% of the variance in predicting the age-type of occupations. This suggests that people rely on general impressions of current worker ages, which supports career timetables theory's approach to the formation of occupational age-type. Implications for theory and research are discussed.ID: 030646252; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-100).
M.S.
Masters
Psychology
Sciences
Industrial Organizational Psychology
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Ashman, Ori. "Lifespan development: a social-cultural perspective." Thesis, Ashman, Ori (2006) Lifespan development: a social-cultural perspective. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/150/.
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This thesis explores some of the social factors that may affect individuals as they age. A lifespan developmental perspective is employed in investigating the effects of societal aging stereotypes on will-to-live and risk-taking skills. Results suggest negative aging stereotypes may have deleterious effects on the elderly, but not young individuals in terms of will-to-live, but have no effect on risk-taking abilities. Furthermore, a cross-cultural analysis of Americans and Japanese reveals robust differences in self-concept between countries, which in turn partially mediate the effects of culture and age on control strategies. It appears culture and age may play important roles in determining individuals' self-concept, motivation, and regulation of behavior.
The first part of Study 1 examined whether stereotypes of aging contribute to decisions the elderly make about when to die. Elderly and young participants (n = 64) were subliminally primed with either negative or positive stereotypes of old age using a computer, and then responded to hypothetical medical situations involving potentially fatal illnesses. Consistent with my prediction, the aged participants primed with negative stereotypes tended to refuse life-prolonging interventions, whereas those primed with positive age stereotypes tended to accept the interventions. This priming effect did not emerge among the young participants for whom the stereotypes were less relevant. The results suggest that socially transmitted negative stereotypes of aging can weaken elderly will-to-live, or at the very least, willingness to pursue medical intervention.
The second part of Study 1 examined whether the older adults demonstrate similar risk-taking skills to the younger adults, and whether this ability is preserved, even after exposure to age stereotypes. Sixteen young and 16 older participants were tested on a risk-taking decision task following exposure to subliminal aging stereotypes. In all conditions, both the old and young participants systematically and equivalently increased their willingness to take risks as risk level decreased. Furthermore, response times were an inverted U shape curve with slower response times recorded at the medium risk level and faster times as risk levels shifted up or down. The findings suggest the ability to make decisions based on risk level is maintained into old age.
Study 2 investigated results reported by a number of studies finding that primary control remains stable in old age, is lower in Asian countries, and that secondary control increases in old age and is higher in Asian countries. I examined whether these patterns may be due to the mediating influence of an interdependent self-concept. In a sample of 557 young and older adults in Japan and the United States, primary and secondary control, age, and interdependence were studied. I found that interdependence partially mediated the influence of culture on secondary control and interdependence partially mediated the influence of age on both primary and secondary control. Findings suggest that interdependence is an important factor that should be considered in trying to understand the determinants of control crossculturally and developmentally.
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Ashman, Ori. "Lifespan development : a social-cultural perspective /." Ashman, Ori (2006) Lifespan development: a social-cultural perspective. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/150/.
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This thesis explores some of the social factors that may affect individuals as they age. A lifespan developmental perspective is employed in investigating the effects of societal aging stereotypes on will-to-live and risk-taking skills. Results suggest negative aging stereotypes may have deleterious effects on the elderly, but not young individuals in terms of will-to-live, but have no effect on risk-taking abilities. Furthermore, a cross-cultural analysis of Americans and Japanese reveals robust differences in self-concept between countries, which in turn partially mediate the effects of culture and age on control strategies. It appears culture and age may play important roles in determining individuals' self-concept, motivation, and regulation of behavior.
The first part of Study 1 examined whether stereotypes of aging contribute to decisions the elderly make about when to die. Elderly and young participants (n = 64) were subliminally primed with either negative or positive stereotypes of old age using a computer, and then responded to hypothetical medical situations involving potentially fatal illnesses. Consistent with my prediction, the aged participants primed with negative stereotypes tended to refuse life-prolonging interventions, whereas those primed with positive age stereotypes tended to accept the interventions. This priming effect did not emerge among the young participants for whom the stereotypes were less relevant. The results suggest that socially transmitted negative stereotypes of aging can weaken elderly will-to-live, or at the very least, willingness to pursue medical intervention.
The second part of Study 1 examined whether the older adults demonstrate similar risk-taking skills to the younger adults, and whether this ability is preserved, even after exposure to age stereotypes. Sixteen young and 16 older participants were tested on a risk-taking decision task following exposure to subliminal aging stereotypes. In all conditions, both the old and young participants systematically and equivalently increased their willingness to take risks as risk level decreased. Furthermore, response times were an inverted U shape curve with slower response times recorded at the medium risk level and faster times as risk levels shifted up or down. The findings suggest the ability to make decisions based on risk level is maintained into old age.
Study 2 investigated results reported by a number of studies finding that primary control remains stable in old age, is lower in Asian countries, and that secondary control increases in old age and is higher in Asian countries. I examined whether these patterns may be due to the mediating influence of an interdependent self-concept. In a sample of 557 young and older adults in Japan and the United States, primary and secondary control, age, and interdependence were studied. I found that interdependence partially mediated the influence of culture on secondary control and interdependence partially mediated the influence of age on both primary and secondary control. Findings suggest that interdependence is an important factor that should be considered in trying to understand the determinants of control crossculturally and developmentally.
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Danowski, Jesica L. "The Portrayal of Older Characters in Popular Children's Books: A Content Analysis from 2000 to 2010." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2469.
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While picture books are often viewed as educational resources for young readers, it is crucial to not overlook the images and content this literary medium contains. Research suggests that repetitive messages encompassing a stereotypical nature cultivate lasting impressions on young audiences. One portrayal often associated with negative implications is the depictions of older characters in children's first literature. This investigation analyzed a selection of picture books from the New York Times best sellers list, the Book Sense best sellers list, and the Caldecott award winners for the years 2000–2010. In an attempt to provide a time spectrum communicating the levels of ageism that remain prevalent within the last decade, over 700 illustrated literary works were included in this exploration. Although conclusions supported a continuation of the under-representation of senior adults that is congruent to similar studies, findings suggested a significant improvement in the overall portrayal of older characters in illustrated books. This result communicates an optimistic outlook in continuing the promotion of positive attitudes for children regarding the aging process.
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Bisdee, Dinah Harden. "Ageism in the organisation : an investigation into the origins of older age stigma in non-manual workplaces." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2008. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/770398/.
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This PhD programme investigated the causes of ageism in the workplace, and in particular, examined whether it arises from a perception of threat posed by including older workers in a working team. One qualitative study investigated older people's (50+) experiences of ageism at work, and how they deal with it or defend against it. It found that it was presumed that people's careers would decline from about 50 onwards, or even earlier, and that those who wanted to prolong their careers even to normal retirement age would need to prove· their commitment, youthful outlook and value to the organisation.second qualitative study probed the perceptions by employment decision-makers of older employees, and the explanations behind those perceptions: the ideal employee nowadays is seen as an energetic, ambitious, but malleable person who will 'give 110%' to the organisation. Younger people were thought more likely to fit this specification. Older workers were unfavourably compared, in stereotyped ways, with younger workers, and were seen as a possible threat to achieving the tough targets prevalent in many workplaces nowadays.
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Irving, L. D. "Challenging ageism in employment : an analysis of the implementation of age discrimination legislation in England and Wales." Thesis, Coventry University, 2012. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/ffc88163-6994-4400-bead-121298f52bd1/1.
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The Employment Equality (Age) Regulations were introduced in England and Wales in 2006, seeking to prohibit age discrimination in employment and vocational training. This thesis assesses whether the legislation adopted is an effective mechanism by which to address age discrimination in the workplace and achieve the dual but contradictory objectives of the European Union Framework Directive on Equal Treatment of achieving equal treatment between age cohorts whilst encouraging the active participation of older citizens in the workplace. The thesis sheds light on this hitherto unregulated suspect ground of discrimination by means of a quantitative and qualitative analysis of all employment tribunal judgments which relate to an age discrimination claim over a three and a half year period. This study shows that very few claimants were successful if their claim of age discrimination was considered by a tribunal and there was considerable inconsistency of implementation and interpretation of the legislation by individual tribunals. Employers have quickly developed defences against claims of age discrimination in order to maintain their freedom to contract and the imbalance between the two parties was particularly noticeable with claimant credibility often under scrutiny – a process claimants appeared unprepared for. Regional discrepancies were found in terms of success rates and compensation awards. A gender award gap was found in both overall compensation and injury to feelings awards, with women given smaller awards than men, whilst younger workers were given smaller awards than older workers. Legal representation made a substantial difference to success rates and compensation awards, but the majority of awards were low and many would not have covered legal costs. The low compensation awards do not provide an effective deterrent, as required by the Article 17 of the Directive. The legislation is particularly ineffective for those who claimed they had suffered multiple discrimination. Although an important first step in regulating ageist behaviour, the Regulations and the subsequent Equality Act 2010 will be unlikely to achieve the aims of the Directive as they provide little incentive for claimants to undertake the stressful process of making a claim under the legislation, which relies upon individual fault-finding.
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Marcus, Justin. "AGEIST PERCEPTIONS IN PERSONNEL SELECTION DECISIONS: A PREJUDICE-REDUCTION INTERVENTION." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2082.
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The purpose of the current study was to examine whether older job applicants are discriminated against relative to younger job applicants when changing careers, and to investigate whether an intervention designed to reduce stereotyping and prejudice could alleviate such unfair discrimination, if it was found. A between-subjects laboratory experiment with three factors was conducted, including age (young vs. old job applicant), career-transition type (within- vs. between-career transition), and a dual-identity based recategorization intervention (control vs. intervention), totaling 8 experimental conditions. Data were collected and analyzed from 157 undergraduate student participants. Participants were informed that they would be evaluating the viability of using video-resumes as a potential organizational selection tool, and were randomly assigned to watch a video-resume depicting a White male job applicant applying for the job of mechanical engineer. The job applicant was either younger or older and was either making a career change that was more similar to his previous career (i.e., naval architect) or less similar to his previous career (i.e., chiropractor). In the intervention conditions, the job applicant emphasized his age and the fact that he graduated from UCF; in the control conditions, he only emphasized his age and his educational background from a generic university. An actor in his early twenties played the role of the job applicant. Make-up was applied to age his face, and computer software was used to age his voice. After viewing the video-resumes, participants judged his suitability for hire, competence, warmth, loyalty, and suitability for training. A Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) was conducted and a significant 3-way interaction was found between age, career-transition type, and intervention on both ratings of suitability for hire and on competence ratings. Counter to theory, the older job applicant was negatively impacted relative to the younger applicant when attempting to build a common ingroup identity with the younger decision-maker. These findings were discussed within the context of theories on attribution and impression management, and discussed relative to prior research utilizing the dual-identity based recategorization intervention method. Implications for older workers making career transitions are discussed.Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
Sciences
Psychology PhD
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Lester, Ethan G. "An Experimental Study of Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based Skills for Internalized Ageism in Older Adults and College Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538734/.
Full textAbstract:
This project explored whether mindfulness and acceptance-based practices (MABPs) for older adults would reduce the negative effects of ageism and negative attitudes and beliefs related to aging. In addition, state affect and stress were explored. This study used an experimental design to compare two groups of older adults and two groups of undergraduate students – those who received a MABP and those who did not, after being presented with negative ageist stereotypes. Condition and condition by age sample comparisons revealed several findings. Following the MABP, undergraduates who received a MABP had significantly lower ageism scores than did undergraduates who did not. Older adult findings were opposite of proposed hypotheses, with older adults having higher scores on ageism after receiving the MABP, as compared to the scores of older adults who were in the comparison condition. Differences in state mindfulness were seen between conditions, with the MABP condition exhibiting more state mindfulness than in the comparison condition. However, there was no significant condition by age sample interaction effect. Change scores for state affect after the MABP were non-significant at either level of analysis, and older adults showed no difference in digit span stress scores based on their condition assignment. Exploratory analyses revealed some research consistent, as well as nuanced, findings. These findings suggest that undergraduates may respond to MABPs for recontextualizing aging, discrimination, and stigma. These findings also suggest that older adults may employ different coping strategies when confronted with ageism in an experimental context when asked to reflect, as oppose to participate in MABPs. Overall, a need for aging education, experimental research with older adults, and empirical understandings of MABPs for age-related issues, is needed. Limitations and future directions are discussed.