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Journal articles on the topic 'Ageism'
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1
Mahmood, Hemn Mohammed Ali. "Filtering Out Ageism: Unveiling Instagram's Reinforcement of Negative Stereotypes of Ageing." Journal of Philology and Educational Sciences 2, no. 1 (June 24, 2023): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53898/jpes2023212.
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This study examines the depiction of ageism on Instagram, one of the most popular social media platforms. With over one billion active users, Instagram is a powerful medium for shaping societal attitudes toward ageing and older adults. Through a review of existing litera-ture, this study explores the prevalence and nature of ageist content on Instagram, its impact on users, particularly older adults, and the role of Instagram's algorithms in promoting ageist content. The study also investigates the potential for Instagram to promote positive represen-tations of ageing and countering ageist stereotypes. This study adopted a qualitative approach to find the data through hashtags and keywords. The findings suggest that ageist content, par-ticularly prevalent on Instagram and often around age-related physical changes, can contrib-ute to negative self-perceptions of ageing among older adults. Instagram's algorithms have also been found to promote ageist content, reinforcing negative stereotypes about ageing and older adults. However, Instagram also has the potential to challenge ageist stereotypes through sharing of positive ageing experiences and counter-narratives. Overall, this study provides insights into the depiction of ageism on Instagram and highlights the need for strategies to ad-dress and combat ageism on social media platforms.
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Martin, David James. "“How are you ageing today?” Art, activism and ageing." Working with Older People 22, no. 2 (June 11, 2018): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wwop-09-2017-0027.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the need to challenge ageism and to draw attention to how art, especially art activism, can challenge Ageism and bring about a new personal understanding of ageing. Design/methodology/approach This paper is a summary of personal reflections by the author. Findings The pervasive, ageist, stereotypical attitudes developed at an early age and the possible means to challenge and transform thinking through Art. Practical implications Artist and Arts organisations, their commissioners and funders could consider focussing upon ageing across the life course and commission and create work which challenges thinking and the status quo on ageing, reflecting society’s adjustment to an Ageing society. Social implications Art and especially art activism could make a fundamental contribution to a raft of strategies to not only combat ageism but assist personal understanding of our ageing. Originality/value Currently there are relatively few artists and arts organisation focussing upon ageing across the life course. The paper states the view that such art activity could assist with new ways of understanding personal ageing and challenge ageist attitudes.
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CLARKE, LAURA HURD, and MERIDITH GRIFFIN. "Visible and invisible ageing: beauty work as a response to ageism." Ageing and Society 28, no. 5 (July 2008): 653–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x07007003.
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ABSTRACTThis paper examines how older women experience and respond to ageism in relation to their changing physical appearances and within the context of their personal relationships and places of employment. We elucidate the two definitions of ageism that emerged in in-depth interviews with 44 women aged 50 to 70 years: the social obsession with youthfulness and discrimination against older adults. We examine the women's arguments that their ageing appearances were pivotal to their experience of ageism and underscored their engagement in beauty work such as hair dye, make-up, cosmetic surgery, and non-surgical cosmetic procedures. The women suggested that they engaged in beauty work for the following underlying motivations: the fight against invisibility, a life-long investment in appearance, the desire to attract or retain a romantic partner, and employment related-ageism. We contend that the women's experiences highlight a tension between being physically and socially visible by virtue of looking youthful, and the realities of growing older. In other words, social invisibility arises from the acquisition of visible signs of ageing and compels women to make their chronological ages imperceptible through the use of beauty work. The study extends the research and theorising on gendered ageism and provides an example of how women's experiences of ageing and ageism are deeply rooted in their appearances and in the ageist, sexist perceptions of older women's bodies.
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Prus, Irina. "Justice for Children and Adolescents: Critical Theory and Anti-Ageist VK Web Communities." Antropologicheskij forum 20, no. 61 (June 2024): 11–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2024-20-61-11-52.
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This article discusses the production of a critical anti-ageism project. In this case ‘anti-ageism’ is an emic name for a small-scale web community of several readerships and groups that emerged in 2012 in VK social media. Its participants aim to stand against ageism, meaning discrimination against children and adolescents based on their age. Anti-ageists identify themselves as innovators who produce new ways of imagining children’s roles and challenging the social order. In 2015 their rhetorical strategies changed from producing evidence about personal trauma to formulating texts in the technique of critical social theory. The last ones include condemning ageism as a total system, and various situations and social relations as oppression, exploitation, or domination of children and adolescents, whatever the forms in which they occur. With oppression as a key strategically deployed rhetorical trope the discourse of anti-ageist VK web communities invites comparison with the tendencies of the academic and activist critique of dominant and repressive categorical apparatus. At the same time, the anti-ageists redefine the collective understanding of justice by proposing new visions of children’s agency and scenarios of children’s behaviour. The mechanisms of transfer of interpretive techniques of critical theory, especially the choice of cultural allies of anti-ageism, are presented from the perspective of digital ethnography and placed in the context of sociopolitical changes with attention to the material or technological landscapes and the modes of sociality of specific web fragments. The second part of the article demonstrates how anti-ageism is not only articulated on the internet but also embodied in the social imagination of participants in anti-ageist web communities. Transferring the oppression of children and adolescents from a textual motif into a technique that anti-ageists use in imagining and representing themselves and others opens up the prospect for a discussion about the place of critical theory in the scenes of everyday life.
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Chasteen, Alison L., Sali A. Tagliamonte, Katharina Pabst, and Samantha Brunet. "Ageist Communication Experienced by Middle-Aged and Older Canadians." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (February 11, 2022): 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042004.
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Ageism has been well-documented in the United States, but ageism experiences in Canada remain less well-known. To address this gap, in the current research middle-aged and older Canadians completed a conversational interview in which they described their ageism experiences. Their descriptions were coded for life domain, perpetrator, and type of ageist communication. The most common domain in which ageist communication occurred was the public sphere, with perpetrators most often being strangers. Ageist communication most often involved age-based social or physical assumptions about the participant. In combination, these findings detail how ageism manifests in the everyday lives of Canadians and contribute to understanding the nuances of the expression of ageism in North America.
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Chasteen, Alison. "AGEISM EXPERIENCED AND EXPRESSED: MANIFESTATIONS ACROSS CONTEXTS AND TRANSGRESSORS." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.0200.
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Abstract Ageism was first defined more than fifty years ago, yet its expressions and effects on society continue today. In this symposium, we examine manifestations of ageism across contexts and transgressors in order to determine the effects of ageism in light of a pandemic as well as a post-pandemic world. Important social contexts in which ageism plays a part are examined, such as the workplace and COVID-19 vaccination. As well, efforts to reduce ageism through confrontation are investigated, particularly with respect to reactions to ageist behavior. Providing a window into ageist communication during the pandemic, Bascu and colleagues detail how ageism was expressed in social media regarding policies for COVID-19 vaccination. Delving into the factors that drive older workers’ decisions to remain or to leave an organization, both Lagacé et al and Swift investigate the role that perceived ageism plays. Lagacé and colleagues assess how older workers’ perceptions of being the target of ageism impacts their well-being, their psychological disengagement, and their intentions to leave their organization. Swift considers how experiences of ageism in the workplace predict older workers’ retirement intentions through reduced job satisfaction and lowered intrinsic motivation to work. Chasteen et al. test the impact of confronting ageism on perceptions of transgressors as well as how perceivers use characteristics of an older adult target as a normative cue for determining their reactions to ageist behavior. Taken together, these presentations illustrate the influence of ageism on vital life domains such as healthcare and the labor force.
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MINICHIELLO, VICTOR, JAN BROWNE, and HAL KENDIG. "Perceptions and consequences of ageism: views of older people." Ageing and Society 20, no. 3 (May 2000): 253–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x99007710.
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This qualitative study examines meanings and experiences of ageism for older Australians. While the concept is widely applied in academic social analysis, the term is not understood or used by many of the informants. They talk freely, however, about negative experiences in ‘being seen as old’ and ‘being treated as old’. Active ageing is viewed as a positive way of presenting and interpreting oneself as separate from the ‘old’ group. Informants recognise that older people as a group experience negative treatment in terms of poor access to transport and housing, low incomes, forced retirement and inadequate nursing home care. While few have experienced overt or brutal ageism, interaction in everyday life involves some negative treatment, occasional positive ‘sageism’, and others ‘keeping watch’ for one's vulnerabilities. Health professionals are a major source of ageist treatment. Some older people limit their lives by accommodating ageism, while others actively negotiate new images of ageing for themselves and those who will be old in the future.
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Sublett, Jennifer F., and Toni L. Bisconti. "EXPANDING BENEVOLENT AGEISM: MEASURING EXPERIENCES OF OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S969—S970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3515.
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Abstract Benevolent ageism has recently been recognized as a form of patronizing treatment that older adults experience because of the kind and incompetent age stereotype proposed by the Stereotype Content Model. However, there is limited research that examines older adults’ experiences with patronizing treatment. The aim of this study was to conceptualize benevolent ageism based on older adults’ experiences with items from an existing measure of ageism, the Ambivalent Ageism Scale, and additional items created by us that expand the measurement of benevolent ageist behaviors. In an internet-based sample of older adults who were 65 years old and older (N =135), the benevolent subscale of the Ambivalent Ageism Scale with our additional 10 items demonstrated excellent reliability (α = .90). An exploratory factor analysis cleanly yielded a 4-factor solution that mirrored previous findings, (1) hostile ageism, (2) unwanted help, (3) cognitive assistance/protection, while introducing a new factor of (4) condescending endearment. The findings from this study have widened the scope with which ageism is viewed by examining older adults’ experiences with ageism and conceptualizing characteristics of benevolence that older adults may face due to the widespread belief that they are kind and incompetent. The validation of a scale measuring individuals’ experiences with ageism will provide insight as to whether older adults experience ageist behaviors that people report endorsing and if older adults receive unnecessary offers of help. A recipient’s perspective of ageism will aid in the understanding of the insidious and benevolent characteristics of ageism within society.
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Rychtaříková, Jitka. "Perception of population ageing and age discrimination across EU countries." Population and Economics 3, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/popecon.3.e49760.
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Population ageing is the most dominant demographic challenge that the European Union is experiencing in the 21st century. This may create negative attitudes and lead to discrimination against persons of advanced age. Age-related stereotypes and prejudice can result in age discrimination, termed ageism. This research concerns the question of perceived ageism towards older people in 25 EU countries, surveyed in 2015 using the Special Eurobarometer 437. The analytical section includes descriptive findings and the results of three multi-level regression models addressing three domains (explained variables) of perceived ageism: 1) discrimination in general, 2) discrimination during economic crisis, and 3) discrimination when electing an older person as a high official. The two-level regression allowed simultaneous modelling of individual-level (gender, age, partnership status, social class, and life satisfaction) and of country-level (life expectancy at 55, perceived start of old age, and HDI) effects. The personal characteristics impacted much stronger perceived ageism than country contexts. Ageist perception in general has mostly been noted at pre-retirement age, but the age profile has not been the same across three regression models. The East-West gradient, frequently reported, is questioned because the geographical picture of perceived ageism is rather puzzling.
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Mohammed, Yaqub Nadeem, Juliana Ferri-Guerra, Douglas Salguero, Dhanya Baskaran, Raquel Aparicio-Ugarriza, Michael J. Mintzer, and Jorge G. Ruiz. "The Association of Ageist Attitudes With All-Cause Hospitalizations and Mortality." Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine 5 (January 2019): 233372141989268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333721419892687.
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Background: Ageism is the systematic stereotyping and discrimination against older adults. Explicit ageism involves conscious control and implicit ageism involves unconscious processes. Studies have shown that ageist attitudes may be associated with poor clinical outcomes like hospitalizations and mortality. Objective: Determine the association of explicit and implicit ageism with all-cause hospitalizations and mortality in a sample of Veterans. Method: Retrospective cohort study of community-dwelling Veterans 50 years and older who underwent evaluations of explicit ageism using Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale and implicit ageism assessed with Implicit Association Test (IAT) during July 2014 to April 2015 and were followed until 2018. Data on all-cause hospitalizations and mortality following the initial assessment of ageism was aggregated. Results: The study included 381 participants, 89.8% male, 48.0% White, and mean age was 60.5 ( SD = 7.2) years. A total of 339 completed the IAT. Over a mean follow-up of 3.2 years ( SD = 0.3), 581 hospitalizations, and 35 deaths occurred. Neither explicit nor implicit ageism was associated with an increased risk for all-cause hospitalization or mortality on follow-up. Discussion: Future research may benefit from investigating whether ageist attitudes may predict all-cause hospitalizations and mortality in longitudinal studies including more diverse samples.
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MARIER, PATRIK, and MARINA REVELLI. "Compassionate Canadians and conflictual Americans? Portrayals of ageism in liberal and conservative media." Ageing and Society 37, no. 8 (May 23, 2016): 1632–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x16000544.
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ABSTRACTBuilding upon earlier studies on ageism in the media and the polarised ageism framework, this contribution compares the prevalence of three forms of ageism – intergenerational, compassionate and new ageism – in four Canadian and American newspapers. The analysis has three objectives. First, it adapts the polarised ageism framework to a comparative case study to assess its usefulness beyond Canada. Second, it analyses which form of ageism occurs more frequently in the coverage of ageing-related stories in Canadian or American newspapers. Third, it studies the importance of the political orientation of news media across both countries by comparing the portrayal of ageing-related stories in conservative and liberal newspapers. Core findings include the presence of a stronger focus on intergenerational ageism in American and conservative newspapers and more frequent prevalence of compassionate ageism in Canada and liberal newspapers. American newspapers also typically employ more pejorative and sensational language.
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Cooney, Cassandra, Jillian Minahan, and Karen L. Siedlecki. "Do Feelings and Knowledge About Aging Predict Ageism?" Journal of Applied Gerontology 40, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464819897526.
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Experiencing ageism has been shown to negatively impact older adults. This study investigated predictors of ageism to examine which are most important in accounting for ageist attitudes. Participants ( N = 419) between the ages of 18 and 86 completed an online survey assessing ageism and several predictors of ageism. Higher levels of anxiety about aging, lower levels of knowledge of aging, and less frequent and lower quality of contact with older adults uniquely predicted ageism beyond the influence of demographic and well-being factors. Anxiety about aging fully mediated the relationship between death anxiety and ageism, and the relationship between attitudes toward own aging and ageism. Moderation analyses showed that knowledge of aging buffered the impact of anxiety about aging on ageism such that low knowledge of aging and high anxiety about aging were particularly impactful in predicting ageism in younger adults, as compared with older adults.
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Trevino, Kelly, and Becca Levy. "Policy Series: Ageism: Outcomes, Interventions, Future Directions." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 428–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1665.
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Abstract Ageism is stereotyping and discrimination against individuals or groups based on their age. Ageism toward older adults is ubiquitous in American society and takes many forms including prejudicial practices and institutional policies that lead to unfair treatment of older adults. Ageism negatively impacts older adults in numerous domains such as health care and the workplace. Older adults themselves often internalize ageist views with detrimental effects on physical and mental health including increased risk for suicidal ideation and worse memory performance. This symposium addresses ageism from multiple perspectives and describes strategies for detecting and combatting ageism. The first speaker is Patricia D’Antonio, Vice President of Policy and Professional Affairs of The Gerontological Society of America (GSA). Ms. D’Antonio will describe GSA’s Reframing Aging Initiative which aims to improve the public’s understanding of the meaning of aging in order to counter ageism and support policies and programs that benefit older adults. The second speaker, Dr. Fredriksen Goldsen will use an Age Equity Framework to present her research on the relationship between ageism and mental and physical health and quality of life in LGBTQ older adults. The third speaker, Dr. Gendron will describe a content analysis of an anti-ageism resource that evaluates ageism interventions using an ecological framework. The fourth speaker, Dr. Hinrichsen will discuss ways psychotherapists can help older adults identify and move beyond internalized ageist beliefs. Finally, Dr. Levy, an internationally recognized expert in ageism will discuss themes across speakers and comment on the future of work in this area.
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Chasteen, Alison, and Sali Tagliamonte. "Ageist Communication Experienced by Middle-Aged and Older Adults." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1909.
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Abstract Despite the prevalence of ageism, relatively little is known about specific aspects of ageism experiences. In the present study, middle-aged and older adults described their experiences of ageism as part of an interview. Their descriptions were coded for the domain in which the ageist act occurred, the perpetrator of the act, and what type of ageist act occurred. A majority of participants indicated that they had been the target of an ageist act, with those acts occurring most commonly in the public sphere. Consistent with this finding, perpetrators of ageist acts were most often strangers. Ageist comments most often involved age-based social or physical assumptions about the target. Together, these findings suggest that there is a lack of norms prohibiting ageist communication in public spheres.
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Vale, Michael, Jennifer Sublett, and Toni Bisconti. "Examining Attitudes and Experiences of Ageism During COVID-19: Are They on the Rise?" Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2302.
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Abstract Gerontologists have warned of rising ageism amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Older adults have been portrayed as a homogenous group given their health vulnerabilities and have been viewed with mixed perceptions. For instance, the pandemic has been viewed as an “old person’s” disease and older adults have been inherently linked to imposing health and safety lifestyle changes. Others have responded with acts of overaccommodative care that have minimized older adults’ autonomy. Taken together, there have been inferences of increased hostile and benevolent ageism. Currently, these claims lack empirical data, and the goal of this study was to examine if attitudes and experiences of ageism are on the rise. Across two studies, we examined young adults’ (N=268) attitudes of older adults and older adults’ (N=65) experiences of ageism before and after the start of the pandemic. In study 1, we examined ageist attitudes at 3 time points (2017, 2019, 2020) from separate, but equitable, college samples and found that hostile ageism was higher during the pandemic (F(2,265)=5.48, p<.001) and benevolent ageism demonstrated no differences. In study 2, we explored older adults’ experiences of ageism pre-and post-pandemic onset (2019, 2020) and, found that they reported experiencing less hostile ageism (t(64)=2.45, p<.05), with no differences in experienced benevolent ageism. Our findings suggest an increase in hostile ageist views, but a decrease in experiences, partially supporting the alleged claims of rising ageism. Nevertheless, the last year of the pandemic is dynamically contextualized and research should elaborate on the extent and consequences of this rise.
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Sokan, Amanda, Mindy Fain, Jake Harwood, Kathleen Insel, Zhao Chen, and Linda Phillips. "Measuring Covid-related Ageism." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 1011–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.3625.
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Abstract Prejudice, discrimination, and negative stereotypes based on age (ageism) are long-standing and strongly implicated in poor health outcomes and limited access to health care for older adults. Recent writings suggest the COVID-19 pandemic raised the specter of ageism to an entirely new level. Do these observations reflect an exaggeration of “usual” ageism or a unique manifestation of intergenerational tension rooted in resentments of younger people concerning COVID-related disruptions in their lives believed to be primarily a function of older people’s vulnerability to the disease phenomenon? To address this question, the purpose of this study was to develop and test an instrument to measure ageist tendencies associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Scale items, written to reflect attitudes about paternalism, inconvenience, and sacrifice, were assessed for content validity. Then the 12-item scale was administered to 227 undergraduate and graduate students in the health and social sciences. Analysis showed items have strong internal consistency and concurrent and discriminant validity. Importantly the scale explained unique variance over and above other standard measures of ageism. Ageism is deeply embedded in global and U.S. culture and strongly related to negative outcomes. This scale will assist researchers investigating the ageist consequences of the current pandemic and help us to monitor what could be long-term residual ageist effects of the COVID pandemic.
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Ayalon, Liat. "Challenges Associated With the Assessment of Exposure to Ageism." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2224.
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Abstract Ageism is defined as stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination towards people of any age. Ageism can be both positive and negative. In order for an individual to report exposure to ageism, several steps should occur: the individual has to notice the events, interpret them as ageist and report exposure to ageism. Any of these steps may go awry along the way. This presentation uses data from the European Social Survey and the Health and Retirement Study to illustrate the importance of item placement, item phrasing and respondent’s mood in responding to items concerning perceived exposure to ageism. A strong priming effect demonstrated a gap between reports of perceived exposure within the ageism module (33.7%) vs. reports within the neutral context (1.1%). A cross-lagged analyses revealed that one’s depressive symptoms are predictive of perceived exposure to ageism and not the other way around. Findings illustrate the importance of the context effect.
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Gendron, Tracey, Alexa Van Aartjik, Kyrie Carpenter, Ryan Backer, and Ashton Applewhite. "Anti-Ageism Interventions: An Ecological Approach." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1668.
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Abstract Ageism, discrimination based on age, is a systemic problem that occurs at multiple levels of the ecological system – meaning that ageism manifests at the individual, dyadic, institutional and societal levels. The expression of ageism within the levels of the ecological system makes ageism a continually shifting and dynamic force of oppression. Although ageism is a well-documented phenomenon with wide-reaching negative impacts, interventions to mitigate ageism’s effects remain understudied. Little is known about the taxonomy of interventions available addressing ageism at the individual, dyadic, subcultural, institutional and societal levels. The current study conducted a deductive content analysis of an anti-ageism resource clearinghouse, OldSchool.info, to evaluate ageism interventions using an ecological framework. Results indicate the majority of ageism interventions are passive-oriented societal-level macrosystem approaches. A gap analysis will be discussed that indicated more active-oriented interventions with engageable content to address ageism at the personal and relational levels are needed.
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Dahlke, Sherry. "Addressing ageism in healthcare through gerontological nursing." Open Access Government 41, no. 1 (January 22, 2024): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-041-11229.
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Addressing ageism in healthcare through gerontological nursing Sherry Dahlke, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, discusses the impact of ageism in healthcare and why gerontological nursing education is vital for improving awareness and patient care. The World Health Organization’s (WHO, 2021) global report on ageism reports that one in every two people is ageist towards older people. Ageism includes stereotypes about aging and older adults (beliefs), prejudice (feelings) and/or discrimination through actions (WHO, 2021). Ageism can occur between people, be institutionalized, and/or self-directed. For example, ageism occurs in healthcare when older people who often have complex health and social needs are expected to fit into systems designed for younger people with one health concern (Kojima, 2018), resulting in adverse health outcomes (Chang et al., 2020). Exposure to negative stereotypes of aging can lead people to internalize negative beliefs of inevitable decline, resulting in them experiencing adverse effects of ageism as they age (Levy, 2009; Steward, 2022).
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De Fries, Carson, Pilar Ingle, Matthew Schilz, Andrew Steward, Emma Baker, and Leslie Hasche. "OLDER ADULT PERSPECTIVES ON AGEISM DURING COVID-19: A QUALITATIVE STUDY." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 318–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1258.
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Abstract Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, there has been a reported surge of ageism toward older adults. Research demonstrates that events perpetuating negative attitudes towards older adults can increase ageism and associated negative outcomes. The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative study was to explore how older adults navigated experiences of ageism and their social relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic. Semi-structured interviews with adults ages 60 and older were conducted between February and April of 2021 over Zoom. Data were coded using an iterative, inductive approach and thematic analysis was performed to draw themes from the data. A total of 24 participants ages 61-80 (mean = 70.6) were interviewed. Most participants identified as white (n = 19) female (n = 14), retired (n = 21) and had at least a bachelor’s degree (n = 22). Findings showed that participants experienced ongoing ageism but did not report ageist experiences associated specifically with COVID-19. Ageist experiences, unrelated to COVID-19, as shared by participants included assumptions about older adults’ (in)ability to use technology, ageism in professional settings, and feelings that ageism is an inevitable part of growing older. Future research should examine the impact of intersectionality on this topic within more diverse populations and explore potential differences that may have occurred throughout different stages of the pandemic.
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Bodner, Ehud, Yoav S. Bergman, and Sara Cohen-Fridel. "Different dimensions of ageist attitudes among men and women: a multigenerational perspective." International Psychogeriatrics 24, no. 6 (February 7, 2012): 895–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610211002936.
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ABSTRACTBackground: Ageism, a form of prejudice in which one relates negatively to people due to their age, exists throughout life. However, no attempt has been made to compare ageist attitudes across the life cycle, from young adulthood to old age. Consequently, the current study examined age and gender differences in ageism throughout adulthood.Methods: 955 Israeli participants (age range: 18–98 years) were divided into three age-groups: young (18–39), middle-aged (40–67), and old (68–98), and were administered the Fraboni Scale of Ageism. Age and gender differences were examined both for the three groups and for subgroups within the older adult cohort.Results: Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that middle-aged participants were significantly more ageist than younger and older groups. Across all age groups, men exhibited more avoidance and stereotypical attitudes toward older adults than women. Among the old age group, participants aged 81–98 held more ageist stereotypes and reported more avoidance of older adults than those aged 68–73. Within the older adult cohort, gender was a significant predictor for ageist attitudes among those aged 68–73 and 81–98, but not for people aged 74–80.Conclusions: Ageism demonstrates a changing pattern across the life span. While gender differences remain stable, ageist attitudes toward growing old as we age ourselves are constantly changing. In order to gain a better understanding of ageism as a general and global phenomenon, we need to consider the role of such attitudes in different stages of life.
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McConatha, Jasmin Tahmaseb, Frauke Schnell, Lauren Stricker, and Jacqueline Magnarelli. "I Am Not Invisible: The Impact of Age Discrimination in the Workplace." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.080.
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Abstract Ageism and age stereotypes are widespread. They shape the lived experiences of older workers. This presentation focuses on the results of responses to an online survey exploring the impact of ageist treatment in the workplace. The results of online surveys from 113 teachers over the age of 50 indicated that ageist treatment is widespread. An analysis of open ended questions addressing the stressful impact of being victimized by ageism indicated that feeling invisible, isolated, and helpless are the three most common responses to ageist treatment in the workplace. Being victimized by ageism presents a threat to older workers sense of self and feelings of competence. The cultivation hypothesis suggests that in technologically advanced societies such as the United States, people often rely on the media as a primary source of cultural information. Media images tend to depict older adults in ways that maintain and create ageist stereotypes. Our research suggests that the framing of media content significantly influences the self-worth of older workers. In this presentation, we discuss examples of ageism in the workplace, the family, and the media, and discuss ways of combating biased and discriminatory treatment. Based on our ongoing research, we make suggestions for ways of responding to and coping with ageist treatment.
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Kwon, Jenny, Michael Hughes, and Anh Vo. "ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANXIETY ABOUT AGING AND AGEISM TOWARD OLDER ADULTS AMONG KOREAN DENTAL HYGIENE WORKFORCE." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 835–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.2694.
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Abstract Ageism toward older people is prevalent in Korean healthcare settings, where older adults are likely to encounter other age groups of people. However, not many studies took close attention to ageism in the dental hygiene field. Considering the increase in dental care demand among the older population, this study aims to investigate the level of ageism and the factors associated with ageism among Korean dental hygiene undergraduates and dental hygienists. Based on the convenience sampling strategy, a total of 146 online surveys were collected from July to September 2022 in Seoul and Daejeon, Korea. Aging anxiety, ageist attitude, intergenerational contact measures, demographic characteristics, and geriatric-related experiences of participants were asked. Higher scores indicate lower aging anxiety and higher ageism. The mean (±SD) age of participants was 24 (±6.05) years. The mean score of aging anxiety was 2.97 (±.52) out of 5 and the mean score of ageism was 2.10 (±.31) out of 7. In the multiple regression model, aging anxiety is significantly associated with ageism (β = −0.257, p < 0.001). Participants feeling more anxious about aging have a more ageist attitude toward older people. The results suggest that well-designed gerontological education and intergenerational programs are necessary. In the short term, these efforts will decrease the fear of aging among dental hygiene field workers. In the long term, these will help them have the right understanding of aging and a positive attitude toward older people which can affect the quality of dental care service.
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Sánchez-Román, María, Gadea Autric-Tamayo, Gloria Fernandez-Mayoralas, Fermina Rojo-Perez, María Silveria Agulló-Tomás, Diego Sánchez-González, and Vicente Rodriguez-Rodriguez. "Social Image of Old Age, Gendered Ageism and Inclusive Places: Older People in the Media." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 18, 2022): 17031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192417031.
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Ageism promotes the exclusion of older people from society by generating a negative image that they also internalize. The aim of this article is to investigate older people’s social self-image, through statements broadcast on a national Spanish radio program aimed at this group. A qualitative analysis was conducted for a random sample from the sound archive for the Radio Nacional de España program Juntos Paso a Paso (Together, Step by Step) (2008–2021), using codes based on the pillars and determinants of active ageing and the three dimensions of ageism. Intercoder agreement was calculated. There were significant findings regarding ageism, gendered ageism and ageing in place, with differences according to size of municipal area. The program in question can be considered a viable secondary source for the research aim. Ageism is most commonly manifested through implicit opinions and invisibilization in family and social contexts. Care activities play a notably central role in responses related to gendered ageism. In relation to ageing in place, older people prefer their habitual environment when they have moderate care needs and accept moves to nursing homes when their needs increase.
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Ramaswamy, Ravishankar, Stephanie Chow, Noelle Marie Javier, Rosanne Leipzig, Gregory Hinrichsen, and Amy Kelley. "”HOW OLD IS OLD?” ADDRESSING AGEISM AND UNCONSCIOUS BIAS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS DURING GERIATRICS CLERKSHIP." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1268.
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Abstract Ageism (stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination based on age) has deleterious consequences on older adults’ health. Medical students have variable attitudes and biases toward older people. We hypothesized that an embedded ageism curriculum within the Ambulatory Care-Geriatrics clerkship would increase ageism awareness and commitment to reduce ageism in the clinical environment for third year medical students. The 2021 curriculum included assigned pre-reading, videos, short didactics, expert-facilitated small group discussion of clinical vignettes, reflective journaling, and posting of personal commitments on a virtual messaging board. We surveyed students at the start and end of the clerkship to evaluate baseline awareness, change in UCLA Geriatrics Attitudes Scale, and satisfaction with curricular components. Of the 95 students who thusfar participated in the curriculum, we received 92 pre- and 48 post-curriculum survey responses. Pre-curriculum students reported the median age for “old” was 65 years (range 35-90) and 42% of students expressed preference for younger patients (33% neutral). Proportion of students with self-assessed ability to identify ageist remarks/actions increased from 52%(pre) to 92%(post), and ability to minimize own ageist biases increased from 23%(pre) to 83%(post). 86% of students found the curriculum useful; discussion with experts and viewing an ageism TED Talk were the most favorably scored components. Integrating an ageism curriculum with pre-work, didactic, guided discussion and reflection components in the Geriatrics clerkship increased medical student awareness and confidence in addressing ageism-related behaviors. This curriculum complements students’ clinical interactions with older adults and has the potential to reduce the future impact of ageism in medicine.
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HEYWOOD, WENDY, VICTOR MINICHIELLO, ANTHONY LYONS, BIANCA FILEBORN, RAFAT HUSSAIN, SHARRON HINCHLIFF, SUE MALTA, CATHERINE BARRETT, and BRIONY DOW. "The impact of experiences of ageism on sexual activity and interest in later life." Ageing and Society 39, no. 4 (November 27, 2017): 795–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x17001222.
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ABSTRACTExperiences of ageism are associated with poorer health outcomes. Sexual activity and interest are areas in life where the impact of ageism may also be evident as popular culture often depicts the older body as asexual, undesirable or sexually impotent. We explore the possible links between experiences of ageism and sexual activity/interest in later life using data from a study of Australians aged 60+. We explored characteristics of those who were more likely to have experienced ageism (measured using the Ageism Survey) and the relationships between experiences of ageism and measures of sexual interest/activity in later life (N = 1,817). Experiences of ageism were greater among those without a partner, unemployed participants, those with lower incomes and poorer self-rated health. Adjusting for these differences, experiences of ageism were more likely to be reported by those who had not had sex in the past two years and were not sure about their hopes/plans for sex in the future. Those who reported their sexual interest had increased or decreased since 60 also reported greater levels of ageism experience, as did those who wanted to have sex more frequently in the future. Ageism appears to impact sexual activity and interest in different ways. It is critical that social policy aims to reverse attitudes that reinforce the view of the ageist asexual and unattractive older body or person.
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HURD CLARKE, LAURA, and ALEXANDRA KOROTCHENKO. "‘I know it exists … but I haven't experienced it personally’: older Canadian men's perceptions of ageism as a distant social problem." Ageing and Society 36, no. 8 (July 16, 2015): 1757–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x15000689.
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ABSTRACTThis paper examines how older men perceive, experience and internalise ageist prejudice in the context of their everyday lives. We draw on in-depth interviews with 29 community-dwelling Canadian men aged 65–89. Although one-third of our participants were unfamiliar with the term ageism, the majority felt that age-based discrimination was prevalent in Canadian society. Indicating that they themselves had not been personally subjected to ageism, the men considered age-based discrimination to be a socially distant problem. The men explained their perceived immunity to ageism in terms of their youthful attitudes and active lifestyles. The men identified three groups who they considered to be particularly vulnerable to age-based discrimination, namely women, older workers and frail elders residing in institutions. At the same time, the majority of our participants had internalised a variety of ageist and sexist stereotypes. Indeed, the men assumed that later life was inevitably a time of physical decline and dependence, and accepted as fact that older adults were grumpy, poor drivers, unable to learn new technologies and, in the case of older women, sexually unattractive. In this way, a tension existed between the men's assertion that ageism did not affect their lives and their own internalisation of ageist stereotypes. We consider our findings in relation to the theorising about ageism and hegemonic masculinity.
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Lagacé, Martine, Francine Tougas, Joelle Laplante, and Jean-François Neveu. "La santé en péril: répercussions de la communication âgiste sur le désengagement psychologique et l'estime de soi des infirmiers de 45 ans et plus." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 27, no. 3 (2008): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cja.27.3.241.
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ABSTRACTThese two studies are designed to evaluate the reactions of male nurses aged 45 years and older toward ageism. The goal of the first study is to test the prestigious work domain model of psychological disengagement resulting from a previous study conducted among female nurses. This model has been confirmed through path analyses conducted on a sample of 236 male nurse technicians; by the same token, it has been shown to apply in the case of lower-status employees working in a prestigious field. In particular, the more a male nurse aged 45 and older experiences relative personal deprivation, the more he discredits feedback from his co-workers and superiors; such discrediting, in turn, leads to devaluation of the domain of work, which in turn lowers self-esteem. The goal of the second study is three-fold, namely: (a) testing the disengagement model among 419 male nurse clinicians; (b) extending this model through the addition of ageist communication as a variable triggering personal relative deprivation; and (c) constructing a scale of ageist communication. Path analyses have again confirmed that the way a domain is appreciated influences the negative impact that devaluation can produce on self-esteem, regardless of the gender or status of the employee working in that field. In addition, these results demonstrate the central role played by communication in the workplace as a vehicle of ageism and as a precursor of ageing employees' discomfort. The discussion covers the implications of ageing employees' reactions toward ageism as well as the consequences of depreciatory language and exclusionary communication practices in the workplace.
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Gullette, Margaret Morganroth. "Against ‘Aging’ – How to Talk about Growing Older." Theory, Culture & Society 35, no. 7-8 (December 2018): 251–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276418811034.
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Language shapes thought, and ageist language invisibly spreads ageist thinking. Observing that embodiment theory has largely neglected to theorize age (a universal intersection), the author expands that theory. Here is a first attempt to fully critique the term ‘aging’ wherever it implies ageism, and to suggest alternative language for ‘aging’ in both its adjectival and its nominative forms. The essay also historicizes the recent move in cultural studies of age toward using the term ‘age’ (as in Age Studies) instead of ‘aging’. Gullette argues that wording that replaces aging and explicates ageism helps undo submission to the ideology of life-course decline, liberating observation, potentially undoing internalized ageism and lessening the widespread fear of growing older.
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Caskie, Grace, Benjamin Johnson, and Eve Root. "RELATION OF SPECIFIC DOMAINS OF AGING KNOWLEDGE AND CONTACT TO AGEIST ATTITUDES AMONG DOCTORAL PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.2708.
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Abstract Knowledge about aging and intergenerational contact were identified in Levy’s (2018) Positive Education about Aging and Contact Experiences (PEACE) model as the two elements that are key to reducing ageist attitudes. Existing empirical literature examining these relationships has primarily focused on undergraduate, rather than graduate, students and has typically operationalized knowledge about aging as a unidimensional construct (i.e., total score). Thus, in this study, we examined how knowledge within three specific domains of aging (psychological, social, biological) as well as quantity of contact with older adults related to ageist attitudes among doctoral psychology students (N=192; age=21-58 years). Participants completed the Contact with Older Adults Scale, Facts about Aging Quiz, Fraboni Scale of Ageism (subscales: Stereotypes, Separation, Affective Attitudes), and Ambivalent Aging Scale (subscales: Hostile Ageism, Benevolent Ageism). Controlling for students’ age and aging coursework, the three knowledge domains and contact together explained between 8%-24% of the variance in the five measures of ageist attitudes. As expected, greater knowledge of psychological aging related to less endorsement of ageist stereotypes and less separation from older adults; however, greater knowledge of biological aging related to more ageist attitudes across all five measures, and greater knowledge of social aging related to more benevolent ageist attitudes. More contact with older adults related to less separation and less negative affect about older adults, but not to the other ageist attitudes measures. Differentiating between domains of aging knowledge produced unique relations with both explicitly negative and ambivalent ageist attitudes, which ageism intervention designers may need to consider.
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Bergman, Yoav S., Sara Cohen-Fridel, Amit Shrira, Ehud Bodner, and Yuval Palgi. "COVID-19 health worries and anxiety symptoms among older adults: the moderating role of ageism." International Psychogeriatrics 32, no. 11 (June 17, 2020): 1371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610220001258.
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ABSTRACTA prominent feature of anxiety in late life is concerns regarding physical health. Anxiety symptoms among older adults have been connected with various psychological outcomes, including social isolation and loneliness. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many societies have demonstrated increased ageist attitudes, encouraging older adults to distance themselves from society. Accordingly, the current study examined the moderating role of COVID-19-related ageism in the connection between COVID-19 health worries and anxiety symptoms among older adults. Data were collected from 243 older adults (age range 60–92; M = 69.75, SD = 6.69), who completed scales assessing COVID-19-related health worries and ageism, as well as anxiety symptoms. The results demonstrated that both health worries and ageism were positively associated with anxiety symptoms. Moreover, the connection between health worries and anxiety symptoms was more pronounced among older adults with high ageism levels. The study highlights the vulnerability of older adults in general, and ageist older adults in particular, to the negative consequences of COVID-19-related health worries, and emphasizes the role of the increased ageist stance of society during the pandemic in this regard.
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Bacsu, Juanita-Dawne, Megan O’Connell, Allison Cammer, Alison Chasteen, Sarah Fraser, Mehrnoosh Azizi, Karl Grewal, and Raymond Spiteri. "EXAMINING COVID-19 VACCINE–RELATED AGEISM IN TWITTER DATA." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.0203.
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Abstract During the pandemic, many high-income countries prioritized older adults for COVID-19 vaccination in an attempt to reduce mortality. This prioritization may have exacerbated ageism and intergenerational conflict, especially with the limited quantity of COVID-19 vaccines. This presentation examines vaccine-related ageism during COVID-19 on social media to inform future vaccination campaigns and policies. Using Twitter, we gathered 1,369 relevant tweets using the Twint application in Python from December 8, 2020 to December 31, 2021. Tweets were assessed using inductive thematic analysis and steps were taken to ensure rigor and trustworthiness. Based on our analysis, four main themes were identified including: i) Blame and aggression; ii) Misinformation and mocking content; iii) Ageist political insults; and iv) Challenging ageism. Our study identified issues of false information, hate speech, and ageist political insults that are contributing to intergenerational conflict. Although some tweets challenged this derogatory messaging and demonstrated intergenerational unity, our findings suggest ageism contributed to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among older adults. Accordingly, urgent action is required to challenge vaccine misinformation, counter aggressive ageist content, and support intergenerational unity during the pandemic.
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De La Fuente Ruiz, Elena, Rosa Molina Ruiz, Lucía Fuente Hernández, and Patricia Gracia-Garcia. "P58: Interventions to Reduce Ageism. Systematic Review." International Psychogeriatrics 35, S1 (December 2023): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610223003563.
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Objective:The purpose of this article is to review all the interventions that researchers have used to reduce ageist attitudes in the population.Methods:We performed a literature search using PubMed database including the following MeSH terms: (“Ageism”[Mesh] OR “ageism”[tiab] OR “Age discrimination”[tiab]) AND (intervention* [tiab] OR therapy * [tiab] OR training* [tiab] OR prevention* [tiab]). 257 studies were found and only 18 were selected based on their language (only Spanish and English ones were included) and according our inclusion criteria.Result:To date, most widely strategies used in previous studies included: Intergenerational contact, education or both. Other techniques such as performing arts (theater and cinema), museums exhibitions and the simulation of activities for the elderly have been also studied with successful results. Likewise, two of the articles mentioned mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy as a preventive ageism strategy have not been demonstrated yet.Conclusion:Different interventions have been tried to reduce ageist attitudes. The greatest benefits have been seen with the combination of intergenerational contact and population education. Ageism is an important problem that concerns today's society; further studies focused on strategies to reduce ageist attitudes in the general population are needed.
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Grinshteyn, Erin. "An Ounce of Prevention: Reducing Ageism Through the Lens of Public Health." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2790.
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Abstract Ageism is pervasive. The negative consequences of ageism are vast, and the literature on the effects of ageism on health and health care is extensive. The perpetrators of ageism are equally vast. While it may be tempting to believe that those who go into the fields of gerontology and geriatrics are free from these attitudes and behaviors, this is untrue. It is reasonable to suspect that future public health professionals, even those interested in gerontology, may also carry ageist ideas and practices into their professional careers. This research was developed to determine whether teaching about aging and ageism in a public health course could reduce ageism among students. Participants were students in a class on aging and public health. All students were graduate students in a Master of Public Health (MPH) program. Multiple assessments were used to assess ageism including the Framboni Scale of Ageism (FSA), a validated 29-question measure used to assess ageism, and the Succession, Identity, and Consumption (SIC) scale, another scale assessing ageism. Students were enrolled in an elective course on aging and public health, which was taught through the public health lens of disease prevention and health promotion. Health topics related to aging are discussed with an emphasis on prevention. The contributions older adults make, and the resulting improved health and well-being of self, others, and community are promoted. And the class participates in activities with a variety of community-dwelling older adults. Results show that ageism among students is reduced after the semester long course.
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Levy, Sheri R., and MaryBeth Apriceno. "Ageing: The Role of Ageism." OBM Geriatrics 3, no. 4 (June 20, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904083.
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Cherry, Katie E., Marla J. Erwin, and Priscilla D. Allen. "AGING KNOWLEDGE AND SELF-REPORTED AGEISM." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.314.
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Abstract The term, ageism, refers to any form of personal or institutional prejudice or discrimination based on chronological age. Ageism may encompass attitudes and prejudices, as well as behaviors, highlighting the complex nature of ageist behaviors observed among students and professionals alike (Allen, Cherry, & Palmore, 2009). We examined the prevalence of self-reported ageist behaviors in a sample of college students who ranged in age from 18 to 44 years to test the hypothesis that aging knowledge would be associated with self-reported ageist behaviors (positive and negative). The study sample was comprised of adults who were enrolled in classes at Louisiana State University (n = 110). Most of these students were traditional aged college students (18-25 years old). Participants completed the Relating to Older People Evaluation (ROPE; Cherry & Palmore, 2008), the Facts on Aging Quiz (FAQ; Palmore, 1998), and the Knowledge of Memory Aging Questionnaire (KMAQ: Cherry et al., 2003). Results indicated that positive ageist behaviors were more frequent than negative ageist behaviors. Men endorsed positive and negative ageism items more than women reported. Follow-up analyses on participants’ responses to the two aging knowledge questionnaires showed that increased knowledge of aging was significantly correlated with diminished reports of negative ageist behaviors, after controlling for age and gender. These results imply that self-reported ageist behaviors are associated with aging knowledge. Strengthening college curricula by including course offerings in adult development and aging may improve self-reported ageist behaviors among college students.
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Chasteen, Alison L., Michelle Horhota, and Jessica Crumley-Branyon. "PERCEPTIONS OF PERPETRATORS OF AGEISM." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.308.
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Abstract What are the consequences for perpetrators who engage in different types of ageism? We compared young (n=316), middle-aged (n=464), and older adults’ (n=273) perceptions of a perpetrator who engaged in an ageist action. Participants read a vignette about a pedestrian (the perpetrator) offering unwanted help to an older woman crossing the street. We manipulated the ageism type (benevolent or hostile), the reaction of the older target (acceptance, moderate confrontation or strong confrontation) and assessed the overall impression of the perpetrator. Main effects emerged for Ageism Type and Age Group. Overall, participants rated the perpetrator more positively in the benevolent condition compared to the hostile condition. Middle-aged and older adults rated the perpetrator more positively than young adults did. A Time x Confront interaction suggested that the perpetrator’s overall impression was not impacted when the target of the ageist act accepted the action or moderately confronted the perpetrator. In contrast, when the target confronted the perpetrator strongly, the overall impression of the perpetrator decreased. An Ageism Type x Age Group x Time interaction on overall impression also emerged. There were no age differences when the perpetrator committed a hostile act of ageism. In contrast, in the benevolent condition young and older adults perceived the perpetrator more negatively after the target’s reaction, whereas middle-aged adults did not adjust their impression. Taken together, these results suggest that young and older adults may be less accepting of benevolent ageism compared to middle-aged adults.
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Hennessa, Alex, Tracey Gendron, Verena Cimarolli, Jennifer Inker, Annie Rhodes, and Robyn Stone. "Job Satisfaction in the Long-Term Care Workforce: How Ageism Plays a Role." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1236.
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Abstract Prior research has demonstrated that ageism, specifically negative attitudes and behaviors about growing old, can be barriers to delivering high-quality long-term care (LTC), but little is known about how ageism may be related to job satisfaction – an important driver of workforce retention in LTC. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the role of ageism in job satisfaction in LTC. Our cross-sectional study used data collected from 265 staff members of aging services organizations (e.g. nursing homes, assisted living) representing the continuum of job types in LTC. The study examined the relationship between ageist attitudes (i.e. internalized and relational aging anxiety; affinity for older persons) and ageist behaviors, and job satisfaction when controlling for socio-demographic (i.e. age; gender; ethnicity) and employment-related variables (i.e. years of employment; advanced training in gerontology; direct care vs. managerial position). Results of a regression analysis showed that lower internalized aging anxiety and higher affinity for older people were significantly associated with higher levels of job satisfaction. Findings suggest addressing ageism to improve job satisfaction in LTC and provide some evidence for incorporating ageism screening and training into recruitment and onboarding of staff to enhance job satisfaction and to mitigate turnover.
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Steward, Andrew, Carson De Fries, Annie Zean Dunbar, Miguel Trujillo, Yating Zhu, Nicole Nicotera, and Leslie Hasche. "EXPLORING THE LIVED EXPERIENCE OF RACIALIZED AGEISM AMONG OLDER ADULTS: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1355.
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Abstract Ageism is a prevalent, insidious social justice issue which has harmful effects on the health of older adults. Preliminary literature explores the intersectionality of ageism with sexism, ableism, classism, and ageism experienced among LGBTQ+ older adults. To our knowledge, the intersection of ageism with racism, or racialized ageism, is largely absent from the literature. This qualitative study explored the following research question from a phenomenological perspective: “What is the lived experience of racialized ageism among diverse older adults?” Twenty participants 60+ years of age (M=69) in the U.S. Mountain West identifying as Black, Latino(a), Asian-American/Pacific Islander, Indigenous, or White engaged in a one-hour interview between February and July 2021. A three-cycle coding process used constant comparison methods. Five coders independently coded interviews, engaging in critical discussion to resolve disagreements. An audit trail, member checking, and peer debriefing enhanced credibility. Six umbrella themes and 20 sub-themes were identified. In this paper, the following six sub-themes are highlighted with direct implications for practice:1) compounding oppression, 2) being avoided or categorized due to others’ discomfort, 3) increased disrespect, 4) microaggressions, 5) acts of hate, and 6) cultural values/respect for elders as a protective factor. Implications include informing how practitioners may enhance support for older adults in preventing and coping with experiences of racialized ageism. Enhanced understanding of racialized ageism should also inform existing anti-ageism initiatives at the community level. Future research should focus on the experience of racialized ageist microaggressions and the relationship between racialized ageism and specific health outcomes.
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Gendron, Tracey, and Jennifer Inker. "Approaches to Anti-Ageism Interventions." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2333.
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Abstract Ageism, a multidimensional construct, is also understood as a relational process whereby perceptions and behaviors toward older individuals by younger individuals not only damage the self-esteem of elders, but also create a hostile environment for their own future social interactions and their own future self-development as elders. Anti-ageism interventions have the hefty task of improving attitudes and behaviors toward aging within all of these contexts. This presentation will discuss findings from two different anti-ageism interventions both designed to mitigate the negative impacts of ageism. Results from a study on an intergenerational arts-based program found that after participation students demonstrated a positive change in their attitudes toward older adults. Findings from a video-based ageism intervention among a sample of 265 staff members in 15 senior living communities demonstrated decreased internalized aging anxiety as well as decreased ageist behaviors directly after the training and at three month post follow-up. Given the complex and systemic nature of ageism, diversity is necessary in scope and type of intervention in order to reach the broadest audience.
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Hunter, Kathleen, and Sherry Dahlke. "Ageism, gerontological nursing and healthcare contexts." Open Access Government 42, no. 1 (April 15, 2024): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-042-11272.
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Ageism, gerontological nursing and healthcare contexts Professors Kathleen Hunter and Sherry Dahlke from the University of Alberta’s Faculty of Nursing explain why gerontological nursing education is key to addressing the unconscious negative stereotypes about ageing and improving care for older adults. Ageism is worldwide and is apparent in healthcare professions and health systems. (1) This is partly due to healthcare systems, particularly hospitals, that are institutionally ageist because they are designed for younger people with one acute condition rather than the majority of users who are older adults with chronic and acute conditions. (2) Moreover, healthcare professionals, of which nurses are the largest group that interact with patients, may be unconscious about their negative biases towards older people. Nurses’ unconscious biases are often demonstrated by overaccommodating older patients due to an underlying belief that older people are less capable. (3) Nurses may feel pressured to engage in overaccommodation to save time because they are working in hospitals where they experience time constraints due to short staffing, lack of material resources, and hospital cultures that focus on medical acuity. (4)
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Voelkner, Abigail, and Grace Caskie. "Awareness of age-related change and its relationship with inductive reasoning and ageism." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.2309.
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Abstract Subjective aging is important due to its relationship with well-being. Diehl and Wahl (2010) proposed Awareness of Age-Related Change (AARC) as a measure of subjective aging; their theoretical model proposed that cognition’s relationship to AARC is mediated by ageist experiences. The current study tests this model and proposes an alternative model where cognition is hypothesized to mediate the relationship of ageist experiences to AARC. Inductive reasoning was used to measure cognition due to its susceptibility to ageism. Participants were 283 older adults aged 66-90 years (M=69.08, SD=3.36) without a dementia diagnosis or cognitive impairment. Inductive reasoning was measured by Word Series, Number Series, Letter Sets, and a composite score. AARC total losses, cognitive losses, total gains, and cognitive gains were used. Age, gender, and education covariates were included. Analysis of Diehl and Wahl’s (2010) model showed that the composite and individual reasoning measures had negative direct effects on all AARC measures. Ageism mediated the effect of the composite and individual reasoning measures on AARC total and cognitive losses. In the alternative model, ageist experiences had positive direct effects on AARC total and cognitive losses. The composite, Number Series, and Letter Sets mediated the effect of ageism on all AARC measures. Word Series mediated the effect of ageism on total and cognitive losses. Overall, inductive reasoning seems to play an important role in understanding the relationship of ageism with AARC. Thus, inductive reasoning abilities may be a potential intervention point to cultivate well-being. Future research should assess additional domains of cognition.
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Kruger, Tina M. "THE ROLE OF EDUCATORS AND EMPLOYERS IN REDUCING (OR PERPETUATING) AGEISM." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.183.
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Abstract As the population ages, increasing numbers of people are at risk of being harmed by ageism found in interpersonal interactions, medical settings, employment opportunities, and public policies. The way older people are talked to and about can facilitate the inclusion or exclusion/dismissal of the older population. Gerontology educators are well-positioned to combat ageism by discussing ageist beliefs with students and by teaching about stereotype development, aging stigma, and inclusive language and interactions. Aging services providers can address ageism by hiring the candidates most qualified to engage with older adults in a non-ageist manner. We explore these ideas in this symposium. First, information from the Gerontological Literacy Network’s Sketches study regarding college students’ (mis)perceptions of aging will be presented. Second, the Ageism First Aid online training modules, designed to reduce ageism, will be introduced. Third, the Disrupt Aging Classroom practice model, created by AARP CT, and Borrow My Glasses, used to transform attitudes about aging among college students, will be shared. Fourth, the disjoint between aging services job descriptions and how those who study aging/gerontology search for jobs will be reviewed. Finally, data from the GELS project, regarding where gerontology program graduates have gained employment, will be presented. Efforts to educate all college students and aging services providers about appropriate language and interaction styles, combined with modifying aging services employers’ efforts to identify the most qualified candidates to hire, can ultimately reduce ageism and enhance quality of life for the fastest growing segment of the population.
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Fragoso, António, and Josélia Fonseca. "Combating Ageism through Adult Education and Learning." Social Sciences 11, no. 3 (March 7, 2022): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11030110.
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The demographic data and projections show that the world is ageing at a high pace and that this has transversal consequences to society. The available data on ageism show that it constitutes the most prevalent form of discrimination in Europe. Whilst this seems logical because ageism, potentially, affects everybody (unlike sexism or racism), public debates on the phenomenon are rare. The awareness of people of its importance is minimal, the resources and investigation devoted to understanding it are relatively small and the initiatives towards combating ageism are not enough. There is a mismatch between the dimension of the phenomenon and the attention that we have given it. Ageism has various negative consequences for the older adults themselves; for the institutions at large (but especially for the working world institutions) and for countries. In a fast-ageing world that will witness structural changes in age groups, ageism is a complex phenomenon that needs to be counteracted. So far, in Europe, combating ageism through law and public policy seems to have produced poor results. However, the literature shows that adult education and learning can provide very effective means to improve the mutual knowledge between generations, combat myths and prejudice and deconstruct age-based stereotypes.
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Solway, Erica. "Policy Series: The Impact of Ageism on Health and Efforts to Address It Through Reframing Aging." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2556.
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Abstract Ageism can manifest in a variety of ways including in institutional policies and practices, interpersonal interactions, older adults’ internalization of ageist stereotypes, and through the media. While major incidents of age-based discrimination and their negative effects on health are more recognized, older adults also experience less momentous, but still harmful ageism in their day-to-day lives. These types of everyday ageism are also harmful to health. This symposium will highlight recent research from the University of Michigan National Poll on Healthy Aging on self-reported experiences of everyday ageism among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults age50-80 and its connections to physical and mental health outcomes. Next, another researcher also using data from the National Poll on Healthy Aging will explore the prevalence of positive attributes of aging, its relationships to health, and ways in which it may buffer older adults from the adverse health consequences of ageism. Then speakers will highlight the Reframing Aging initiative and the ways in which GSA and other organizations are leading a national effort to address ageism through education and dissemination of research-based resources. This session will feature research, education, and advocacy efforts and will focus on the policy implications of efforts to better understand the prevalence of and strategies to counter the effects of ageism.
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Turner, Jennifer, Renee Hayslip, and Jennifer Stanley. "Judging Older Adult Speakers: Only Young Adults Low in Ageism Notice the Nuances." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 871–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3223.
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Abstract Ageism negatively impacts hiring and electability success, as well as intergenerational relationships (Levy,2003;2009). The current study sought to examine whether personality cues influenced performance ratings of older adult (OA) speakers whose behavior had been modified by an embodiment intervention (i.e., “power posing”). One-hundred-and-three young adults (YA; Mage=19.6, SD=2.06; 49.5% women) rated the performance of 9 OA speakers performing 5-minute campaign speeches, and reported the cues that influenced their ratings. Two independent raters coded the cues (i.e., introversion and extroversion; coded by two independent raters, κ = .72 [moderate-to-substantial interrater reliability; Chen, 2019; McHugh, 2012]). Participants also completed the Refined-Aging Semantic Differential (Polizzi & Millikin, 2002) as a measure of ageism endorsement. Greater ageism was associated with lower performance ratings (F(1,101)=15.97, p<.001, R2=.14); performance was reduced by .12, 95%CIs[-.018,-.006] for each additional point of ageism endorsement. Next, we investigated whether personality cues would modify this relationship using Hayes PROCESS Model 1 (2018). A significant interaction emerged between ageism and introverted cues (b=.015, p=.05, 95%CIs[.006,.023]), suggesting that greater perceived introversion was negatively associated with performance ratings. Additionally, individuals lower in ageism were more likely to calibrate their performance judgments based on the pose condition of the speaker, with participants lower in ageism exhibiting greater variability across pose conditions (Ms=3.96-4.37), than individuals higher in ageism (Ms=4.21-4.31), suggesting that individuals lower in ageism were attending to nuances in the speech (e.g., pose influence), while higher ageist individuals relied more heavily on age-related judgments.
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Bhatia, Sangeeta, and Ananya Singh. "The Relationship Between Ageist Attitudes and Body Image in Women." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 3, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2021.3.2.2.
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This study aims to understand the relationship between ageist attitudes and body image concerns across women in three different age groups namely; young adults (17 to 21 years), middle aged adults (40 to 49 years) and older adults (60 to 82 years). Two scales, measuring body image and ageism, were administered on a sample of 48 women (N=48) with 16 women in each aforemen-tioned category. The results indicated that women in the older category experienced the highest body image concerns, followed by middle aged and young adults respectively. Attitudes to-wards ageism were assessed based on various dimensions. Ageist attitudes were moderate on most dimensions except for direct prejudice to age in young adults; ‘Social distance’ in middle aged adults and ‘Stereotype content associated with age categories’ in middle aged adults as well as older adults. The study has implications for understanding the status of depression, low self-esteem and other co-morbid variables as related to ageism. No significant relationship was found between ageist attitudes and body image.
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Nyangena, Emily Moraa. "Interventions to reduce discrimination against the elderly for healthy ageing in Kenya." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (JHSS) 2, no. 1 (June 23, 2023): xx. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/jhss.v2i1.380.
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This article intended to capture interventions to reduce discrimination against the elderly for healthy ageing in Kenya. Ageism is a form of discrimination that is based on age. It can manifest in many ways, including negative stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination. Ageism can have a significant impact on the lives of older people, leading to social isolation, decreased self-esteem, and poorer health outcomes. There are a number of interventions that have been shown to be effective in reducing ageism. These interventions include: Educational interventions: These interventions aim to teach people about ageism and its negative effects. They can be delivered in a variety of settings, such as schools, workplaces, and community organizations. Intergenerational contact: This type of intervention brings together people of different ages to interact with each other. This can help to break down stereotypes and promote positive attitudes towards older people. Policy changes: These interventions can help to reduce ageism by changing the way that older people are treated in society. For example, laws that protect older people from discrimination can help to create a more age-friendly environment. The findings of this study suggest that interventions to reduce ageism can be effective in improving the lives of older people. These interventions can help to reduce negative stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination, and they can promote positive attitudes towards older people. The study recommends that researchers must focus on capturing how ageism manifests in society and propose the best ways of curbing the problem so that older people in the society can experience healthy ageing.
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Comincioli, Elena, Eemeli Hakoköngäs, and Masood Masoodian. "Identifying and Addressing Implicit Ageism in the Co-Design of Services for Aging People." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (June 23, 2022): 7667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137667.
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In a world with an increasingly aging population, design researchers and practitioners can play an essential role in shaping better future societies, by designing environments, tools, and services that positively influence older adults’ everyday experiences. The World Health Organization (WHO) has proposed a framework called Healthy Ageing, which can be adopted as the basis for designing for an aging society. There are, however, many challenges in achieving this goal. This article addresses one of these challenges identified by WHO, which is overcoming ageism as a form of discrimination based on age. In contrast with most other types of discrimination, ageism is not always easy to detect and overcome because of its generally implicit nature. This paper investigates adopting storytelling as a method for detecting implicit ageism and proposes a co-design process that utilizes this method to better address older adults’ needs and requirements. The use of this method is discussed through two example case studies aimed at improving the design of assistive services and technologies for aging people. The findings from these case studies indicate that the proposed method can help co-design teams better identify possible implicit ageist biases and, by doing so, try to overcome them in the design process.
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Kang, Hyun. "SCALES FOR MEASURING AGEISM AS EXPERIENCED BY OLDER ADULTS: LITERATURE REVIEW AND METHODOLOGICAL CRITIQUE." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.921.
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Abstract A growing body of research shows that ageism negatively affects older adults’ psychological well-being and even physical functioning. However, the tools to measure ageism as experienced by older adults are not well developed. This study reviewed the literature on ageism scale with an emphasis on the methodological issues. Most standardized ageism scales have focused on younger people’s attitudes and beliefs toward older adults. We found only one standardized scale that examined how older adults felt and thought about their experiences being treated as a stereotype. However, the scale is incomplete because it does not fully measure ageism and it has received far less rigorous analysis. Many studies have adopted and revised ageism scales that were developed specifically to measure younger people’s attitudes toward older adults, meaning that the scales’ validity has been problematic when administered to older adults. Furthermore, many studies that discussed older adults’ experience of ageism used uni-dimensional or simple measures. Although significant efforts have been made to outline ageism’s various dimensions and constructs, these efforts have not led to a common consensus on ageism and its characteristics. Lack of consensus, in turn, makes it harder to develop a standardized scale. Finally, existing scales are more suitable for Western societies. Socio-cultural uniqueness has not been considered when developing scales, nor has the scales’ cross-cultural reliability and validity been tested. Our findings suggest that a new scale that applies only to measuring ageism as perceived by older adults and corresponds to the significant dimensions of ageism must be developed.