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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Agency conflicts

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Academic literature on the topic 'Agency conflicts'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Agency conflicts"

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Haslem, John A. "Mutual Fund Agency Conflicts." Journal of Index Investing 3, no. 2 (August 31, 2012): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jii.2012.3.2.012.

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Putra, Wahyu Manuhara. "PENGARUH KONFLIK KEAGENAN TERHADAP CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN KINERJA PERUSAHAAN." MAKSIMUM 1, no. 2 (March 12, 2012): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/mki.1.2.2011.109-114.

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Abstract This study aimed to test whether the Corporate Governance associated the Agent- Conflicts This research Used exploratory principal components analysis and kanonikal analysis on 6 individual governance variables to get the 5 factors representing different dimensions of corporate governance and treasures the agent, conflict firms based on 7 agency conflict proxies used in the literature. Results of analysis found that Companies with greater agency conflict has a mechanism for better corporate governance, in particular that the low ownership structure has a high impact on institutional ownership. Overall the result support the theory that the existence and role of corporate governance mechanisms on firm is a function of agency Conflict in the company. Keyword : Agency Conflicts, Corporate Governance, exploratory principal components analysis, kanonikal analysis

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Douglas, Alan V. S. "Interactions between Corporate Agency Conflicts." Financial Review 44, no. 2 (May 2009): 151–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6288.2009.00214.x.

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Kumar, Praveen, and Alessandro Zattoni. "Agency Conflicts and Corporate Governance." Corporate Governance: An International Review 25, no. 4 (July 2017): 220–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/corg.12212.

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Morellec, Erwan, Boris Nikolov, and Norman Schürhoff. "Agency Conflicts around the World." Review of Financial Studies 31, no. 11 (February 28, 2018): 4232–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhy018.

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Morellec, Erwan, and Clifford W. Smith. "Agency Conflicts and Risk Management*." Review of Finance 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfm001.

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SimanTov-Nachlieli, Ilanit, Nurit Shnabel, and Anael Mori-Hoffman. "Agents of Reconciliation." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 43, no. 2 (December 8, 2016): 218–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167216678861.

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Conflicting parties experience threats to both their agency and morality, but the experience of agency-threat exerts more influence on their behavior, leading to relationship-destructive tendencies. Whereas high-commitment relationships facilitate constructive tendencies despite the conflict, we theorized that in low-commitment relationships, affirming the adversary’s agency is a prerequisite for facilitating more constructive tendencies. Focusing on sibling conflicts, Study 1 found that when commitment was low (rather than high), agency-affirmation increased participants’ constructive tendencies toward their brother/sister compared with a control/no-affirmation condition. A corresponding morality-affirmation did not affect participants’ tendencies. Study 2 replicated these results in workplace conflicts and further found that the positive effect of agency-affirmation in low-commitment relationships was mediated by participants’ wish to restore their morality. Study 3 induced a conflict between lab participants and manipulated their commitment. Again, in the low- (rather than high-) commitment condition, agency-affirmation increased participants’ wish to restore their morality, leading to constructive behavior.

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Romahi, Yazann S. "Agency Conflicts, Investment, and Asset Pricing." CFA Digest 38, no. 3 (August 2008): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/dig.v38.n3.6.

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ALBUQUERUE, RUI, and NENG WANG. "Agency Conflicts, Investment, and Asset Pricing." Journal of Finance 63, no. 1 (January 10, 2008): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2008.01309.x.

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Löffler, Clemens, Thomas Pfeiffer, and Georg Schneider. "The irreversibility effect and agency conflicts." Theory and Decision 74, no. 2 (October 3, 2012): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11238-012-9331-6.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Agency conflicts"

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Ren, Jinjuan, and 任錦娟. "Investor sentiments, agency conflicts, and IPO underpricing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42664342.

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Ren, Jinjuan. "Investor sentiments, agency conflicts, and IPO underpricing." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42664342.

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Tewari, Manish. "SECURITY DESIGN THAT ADDRESSES AGENCY CONFLICTS AND INFORMATION ASYMMETRY." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3441.

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This study focuses on the role of structured derivative securities to meet diverse corporate financing objectives in the light of agency theory and asymmetric information. The focus is on the nonconvertible callable-puttable fixed-coupon bonds. The primary objective is to discern the marginal role of the put and put-deferred features in addressing the agency issues and asymmetric information. A sample of (159) securities issued over the period (1977-2005) are examined using Merton's (1974) structural contingent claims valuation model. The put option as well as the deferred put option incorporated in these securities is found to mitigate the asset substitution issue. It is also found that these contract features provide considerable insurance against the asymmetric information about the firm's downside risk. Specifically, the effects of asset substitution are mitigated because the put option reduces sensitivity of the security's value to the changes in the firm's volatility. Prior to this study, this effect was believed to be driven primarily by the conversion feature in the convertible bonds and the preferred stocks. In addition, the long-term performance of the underlying common stock indicates systematic negative performance for the protracted periods both prior and subsequent to the issuance, yet it is found that this decline in the equity value has only a limited negative impact on the security.
Ph.D.
Department of Finance
Business Administration
Business Administration PhD

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Amberger, Harald, Kevin S. Markle, and David M. P. Samuel. "Repatriation Taxes, Internal Agency Conflicts, and Subsidiary-level Investment Efficiency." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Universität Wien, 2019. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6198/1/SSRN%2Did3138823.pdf.

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Using a global sample of multinational corporations (MNCs) and their foreign subsidiaries, we find that repatriation taxes impair subsidiary-level investment efficiency. Consistent with internal agency conflicts between the central management of the MNC and the manager of the foreign subsidiary being the driver, we find that this effect is prevalent in subsidiaries with high information asymmetry, in subsidiaries that are weakly monitored, and subsidiaries of cash-rich MNCs. Natural experiments in the UK and Japan establish a causal relationship for our findings and suggest that a repeal of repatriation taxes increases subsidiary-level investment efficiency while reducing the level of investment. Our paper provides timely empirical evidence to inform expectations for the effects of a recent change to the U.S. international tax law which eliminated repatriation taxes from most of the future foreign earnings of U.S. MNCs.
Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series

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Giat, Yahel. "Venture capital financing with staged investment, agency conflicts and asymmetric beliefs." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-11232005-145909/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Hackman, Steve, Committee Chair ; Tovey, Craig, Committee Member ; Platzman, Loren, Committee Member ; Deng, Shijie, Committee Member ; Subramanian, Ajay, Committee Co-Chair.

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Reed, Bradford James. "Investment opportunities, agency conflicts, contracts, and the demand for audit quality." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187216.

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This paper investigates the relation between a firm's investment opportunity set (IOS) and the demand for audit quality. This paper hypothesizes that a firm's IOS influences the demand for audit quality indirectly through the IOS's influence on the firm's agency costs. A firm's IOS is expected to influence a firm's agency costs through the IOS's influence on the nature of the firm's contracts, and through the IOS'S influence on the relationships between the firm's management and the firm's owners and creditors. The sample is comprised of those firms who were being audited by Laventhol and Horwath (LH) when LH declared bankruptcy in November of 1990. The auditors appointed to replace LH ranged from members of the big six accounting firms to regional and local auditing firms. Because of the variation in the size of the replacement auditors, these auditor-replacement choices provide a good setting to study the factors associated with the demand for audit quality. The demand for audit quality is measured by the size of the replacement auditor. Two measures of this proxy are used. The first is a dichotomous variable representing the selection of a big six/non-big six auditor as the replacement auditor. The second is a continuous variable representing the subsequent auditor's size as measured by the combined sales of the replacement auditor's clients. Results obtained in this study are supportive of quality differentiated audits using both measures of auditor size. Firm-specific factors that are found to be significant in explaining a firm's demand for audit quality are: (1) management ownership, (2) debt, (3) the type of debt (public or private), and (4) risk. Control variables of firm size and the issuance of debt and equity securities are both positively associated with the size of the replacement auditor. The existence of a bonus plan and a direct measure of the firm's IOS are not significant in explaining the size of the replacement auditor. Tests of stock price reactions surrounding the bankruptcy of LH, and to the appointment of a successor auditor provide mixed results regarding the stock market's reaction to the effect of perceived audit quality on firm value.

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Garrison, Kedran. "Agency conflicts in financial contracting with applications to venture capital and CDO markets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33835.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references.
In these papers I examine efficient financial contracting when incentive problems play a significant role. In the first chapter (joint with Z. Fluck and S. Myers) we focus on the venture capital industry. We build a two-stage model capturing moral hazard, effort provision, and hold-up problems between entrepreneurs and investors. Across multiple financing scenarios we solve numerically for optimal decision policies and NPV, finding significant value losses from first-best. A commitment to competitive syndicate financing increases effort and NPV and benefits all parties. However, syndicate financing raises potential information problems, and the fixed-fraction participation rule of Admati-Pfleiderer (1994) fails with endogenous effort. We find that debt financing is often less efficient than equity financing, for while it improves effort incentives it worsens hold-up and debt overhang problems in later-stage financing. In the next chapter I turn to the collateralized debt obligation or "CDO" market. CDOs are closed-end, actively-managed, highly leveraged bond funds whose managers typically receive subordinated compensation packages. I develop a model of manager trading behavior and quantify under-investment and asset substitution problems, calibrating to market parameters.
(cont.) Compared to prior studies, I find similar value losses to senior investors and significantly higher increases in debt default risk and spread costs. However, for even extremely conservative effort assumptions, the ex-ante benefit of greater effort incentives outweighs risk-shifting costs, rationalizing observed contracts. I also analyze the ability of various payout policies and trading covenants to curtail risk-shifting. Excess interest diversions, contingent trading limits, and coverage test "haircuts" of lower-priced assets are effective measures and increase allowable leverage and equity returns. In the final chapter I examine the empirical relationship between CDO trading, manager compensation, and fund performance from 2001-2004. Using a large panel data set, I find a statistically significant relationship between trades which add volatility to the portfolio and the level of subordinated manager compensation. Worse deal performance increases risk-shifting behavior so long as subordinate investors are still in-the-money. Tendencies to group trades and the effect of managerial reputation are also considered.
by Kedran R. Garrison.
Ph.D.

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Correia, Ricardo. "Real flexibility and financial structure : integrated models of the firm under an agency conflicts framework." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.630474.

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This thesis analyses the interactions between in vestment and financing decisions under an equityholder-debtholder agency conflicts framework . It imposes time constraints on the life of the options to invest and on the life of the firm , to reflect the reality of concession contracts and patents. In both cases a contingent claims analysis model of a firm is developed, to value the firm and the different claims to the value of the firm. These models are used to determine the agency costs of debt in terms of reduction in firm value (dividing them into their financial and operational components). loss of debt capacity and increase in credit spreads. The concession problem analysed, models two different debt amortization schedules. a constant amortization schedule (CA) and a constant repayment debt schedule (CR). The patent problem also analyses whether it is optimal for a firm to delay filing a patent application when it does not intend to market-launch the product immediately. In both chapters the agency costs of debt measured as a reduction in firm value are not very significant. ]n the concession problem analysed, they represent 0.09% and 0. 13% of the value of the levered firm following a second-best in vestment policy with the CA and CR debt schedules. In the patent problem, the agency costs of debt measured as a percentage of the value of the levered firm following a second-best market-launch policy represent 2.49% when the firm separates the decision to patent from the decision to market-launch the product and 2.25% when both decisions occur simultaneously. However, the impact of the agency conflicts is quite significant when measured in terms of loss of debt capacity. If equityholders could credibly pre-commit to follow a firm maximizing investment (concession problem) or market-launch (patent problem) policy the debt capacity of the firm would increase by 6.74% (CA) and 10. 11 % (CR) in the concession problem and by 27.3% (the firm separates the decision to patent from the decision to market-launch the product) and 25.0% (the firm simultaneously patents and market-launches the product) in the patent problem. These results reveal that the agency conflicts affect more significantly the distribution of wealth between the different stakeholders rather than the overall value of the firm . Models that ignore such conflicts generate relatively accurate valuations for the value of the firm, but they fail to produce good valuations for the different securities.

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Burton, Allan Wayne. "Towards an improved understanding of how multi-national corporations manage agency conflicts : the case of ArvinMeritor, Inc." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10271.

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Bibliography: leaves 96-98.
Agency theory suggests that separating the ownership and control of a firm results in areas of conflict between the owners and controllers. This defines the firm as a nexus of contracts between various stakeholders with conflicting objectives. Management's task is to align the stakeholders and their objectives, so that actions taken maximise shareholder wealth and minimise the loss that residual claimants incur. These losses arise from inappropriate management decisions, and the costs incurred by owners to prevent such decision being taken. This situation is intensified for multi-national corporations, in that there are conflict areas related to geographical separation, cultural differences, varying levels of economic developlment, different accounting standards, exchange rae fluctuations and specific financial and operating risks. Despite this, mulit-national corporations continue to invest in a variety of countries and developing economies. This dissertation attempts to improve understanding of how these corporations manage the agency conflicts in such scenarios, and in so doing, achieve shareholder value. Given the limited scope of this research, the objective is to analyse the phenomenon of agency conflict in an appropriate real life context, and in so doing, propose answers to the research question. The research can be viewed as a pilot study or precursor to further research.

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Riaz, Zahid Organisation &amp Management Australian School of Business UNSW. "The impact of institutional factors on disclosure level of director and executive remuneration in Australia." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Organisation & Management, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43581.

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This study examines the role of three institutional factors (regulative; normative and cultural-cognitive pillars of institutions) in addressing agency problems of Australia. In the wake of the series of corporate collapses of current decade, director and executive remuneration was identified as one of the major causes behind these scandals. The Australian government and other related organisations made both regulative and non-regulative institutional reforms to manage this agency conflict. These reforms, encapsulated in Corporate Law Economic Reform Program (CLERP) Act 2004 demanded an increased level of disclosure of director and executive remuneration particularly, the disclosure of performance based salary. Subsequently, these amendments provided an opportunity through a non-binding vote to shareholders to participate in executive remuneration decisions. This study proposes a new synthesis of institutional and agency theories by examining how institutional interventions addresses agency conflicts in the Australian context. A conceptual model is developed to measure both the conjoined and distinctive institutional impact on the disclosure level of director and executive remuneration in Australia. To measure and quantify the aforementioned impact a mixed method research strategy was used. First, content analysis as an investigative tool was used to develop a disclosure index which determined the level of disclosure of director and executive remuneration from top 100 Australian listed entities. Second, a conceptual model, positing the relationships between independent and dependent variables was verified through an econometric analysis of collected data, performed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 15. The findings of this research reveal that there exists a significant difference between the levels of disclosure in the pre and post stages of the introduction of the CLERP Act 2004. This result highlights the significance of regulatory intervention in addressing agency conflicts. The study also indicates that regulative and normative pillars have a higher impact than the culture-cognitive pillar on disclosure practices of Australian firms. In light of these results, the new blend between agency and institutional theories highlight the role of different institutions, particularly the government, in stabilising the organisational practices for good governance and creating national competitive advantages.

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Books on the topic "Agency conflicts"

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Eisenbeis, Robert A. Agency problems and goal conflicts. [Atlanta, Ga.]: Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, 2004.

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McCreless, Mike. Agency conflicts among social investors. Cambridge, Mass: John F. Kennedy School of Government, 2010.

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Albuquerque, Rui. Agency conflicts, investment, and asset pricing. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Albuquerque, Rui. Agency conflicts, investment, and asset pricing. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Gan, Yingjin Hila. Agency conflicts, asset substitution, and securitization. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.

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Chakravarty, Sugato. Can competition between brokers mitigate agency conflicts with their customers. [New York, N.Y.]: Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 1997.

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Fulghieri, Paolo. Synergies and internal agency conflicts: The double-edged sword of mergers. Fontainebleau: INSEAD, 1997.

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Fulghieri, P. Synergies and internal agency conflicts: The double-edged sword of mergers. France: INSEAD, 1997.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations. Hearing, conflicts and inconsistencies in workplace regulations: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities , House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, hearing held in Washington, DC, April 4, 1995. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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Reconciling Indonesia: Grassroots agency for peace. New York, NY: Routledge, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Agency conflicts"

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Lückoff, Peter. "Agency Conflicts." In Mutual Fund Performance and Performance Persistence, 77–133. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6527-1_3.

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Baraldi, Claudio. "Managing Conflicts Related to Children’s Agency." In Facilitating Children's Agency in the Interaction, 195–219. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09978-6_9.

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Dutta, Nandana. "Narrative Agency and Thinking about Conflicts." In Postcolonial Studies, 354–69. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119118589.ch21.

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Morck, Randall. "Loyalty, Agency Conflicts, and Corporate Governance." In Behavioral Finance, 453–74. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118258415.ch24.

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Andrijasevic, Rutvica. "Conflicts of Mobility: Migration, Labour and European Citizenship." In Migration, Agency and Citizenship in Sex Trafficking, 124–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230299139_5.

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Martin, Annie. "Managing conflicts of interest at the European Medicines Agency." In Conflict of Interest and Medicine, 69–86. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003161035-3.

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Andersson, Thomas. "Intentionality and Agency in Values Work Research." In Researching Values, 57–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90769-3_4.

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AbstractThis chapter addresses how intentionality and agency can be understood in relation to values and values work. How different degrees of intentionality relate to different dimensions of agency is something we need to understand empirically rather than as a point of departure. A connected challenge is to what extent people are aware of values that influence their actions and the values work they are involved in, but also to what extent they are aware of relations/conflicts between values that are imposed on them (e.g., from an employer) and personal values. This is also something we need to understand empirically. This chapter describes how different qualitative data collection methods have different strengths and weaknesses in relation to the above challenges and how a design of mixing them may enable a true empirical investigation of intentionality and agency in values work research.

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Khan, M. Shah Alam, Rezaur Rahman, Nusrat Jahan Tarin, Sheikh Nazmul Huda, and A. T. M. Zakir Hossain. "Views from the Sluice Gate: Water Insecurity, Conflict and Cooperation in Peri-Urban Khulna, Bangladesh." In Water Security, Conflict and Cooperation in Peri-Urban South Asia, 123–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79035-6_7.

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AbstractThis chapter explores conflict and cooperation around water infrastructure in relation to contestations over water and land in peri-urban Khulna, Bangladesh. It analyses how these contestations, together with the effects of climate change and urbanization, contribute to water insecurity. These dynamics are explored by viewing the peri-urban space as a hydro-social system where physical infrastructure (a sluice gate), hydrological processes and various actors interact. Through participatory appraisal, stakeholder analysis and social power mapping, we analyse the emergence, manifestations and implications of conflicts, and how power relations influence the conflict dynamics. The chapter further presents the process and outcome of participatory actions for capacity-building of communities to facilitate their empowerment by elevating their knowledge level and negotiating capabilities toward securing water and resolving conflicts. We argue that conflicts and water insecurities of peri-urban communities largely emerge from the absence of their participation in the planning and management of water infrastructure, and their limited capacity to resist changes in the control of water and agricultural land. The chapter concludes that peri-urban communities lack the power and agency to mitigate the impacts of urbanization and climate change, while neither urban nor rural planning processes formally recognize the peri-urban and its specific water security problems and needs. This policy gap leads to increasingly complex conflicts and water insecurities. Success and sustainability of alternative livelihood choices and collective action by marginalized communities depend much on continued advocacy, cooperation among and between communities and government agencies, commitment of a trusted neutral actor, and mutual understanding and respect for each other’s positions.

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Tolstov, Nikolai, and Igor Shevchenko. "The Problem of Agency Conflicts in Russian Corporations and Ways to Overcome It." In Integrated Science in Digital Age 2020, 135–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49264-9_12.

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Tolstov, Nikolai. "Model for Assessment of the Quality of Financial Management in Solving the Problem of Agency Conflicts." In Comprehensible Science, 91–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66093-2_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Agency conflicts"

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Zhu, Wei, and Lin Wen. "Corporate Governance and Agency Conflicts: GOME's Control Contest." In 2011 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2011.5998456.

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Milamo, Rebecca, and Moses Kusiluka. "EXAMINATION OF AGENCY CONFLICTS IN PROPERTY MANAGEMENT IN INFANT MARKETS." In 15th African Real Estate Society Conference. African Real Estate Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/afres2015_124.

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Kusiluka, Moses, and Rebecca Milamo. "An Examination of Agency Conflicts in Property Management in Infant Markets." In 25th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. European Real Estate Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2016_324.

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Qi, Luo, and Liu Li-jian. "Is Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity Caused by Financing Constraints or Agency Conflicts? Evidence from China." In 2007 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2007.4422089.

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García Juanatey, Ana, Jacint Jordana, and David Sancho. "Multi-level governance in quality assurance in Spain: the case of the National Agency for Quality Assessment and Accreditation (ANECA)." In Fifth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head19.2019.9285.

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This paper aims to examine the case of quality assurance in Spain, disentangling the evolution of the National Agency for Quality Assessment and Accreditation (ANECA), that made its way towards consolidation in a context characterized by deep policy transformations and by multiple actors involved. The case of ANECA and the Spanish context is particularly interesting because of the previous existence of several regional agencies before ANECA was created. These multilevel dynamics in quality assurance evolved over the years towards significant levels of coordination, but were not exempt of multiple conflicts. This case may contribute to assessing a gap in the literature: clarifying the role of quality agencies in implementing contested policy changes originated at the European level, identifying at the same time the complexities of multi-level governance.

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Bhargava, Nikhil, Christian Muise, Tiago Vaquero, and Brian Williams. "Managing Communication Costs under Temporal Uncertainty." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/12.

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In multi-agent temporal planning, individual agents cannot know a priori when other agents will execute their actions and so treat those actions as uncertain. Only when others communicate the results of their actions is that uncertainty resolved. If a full communication protocol is specified ahead of time, then delay controllability can be used to assess the feasibility of the temporal plan. However, agents often have flexibility in choosing when to communicate the results of their action. In this paper, we address the question of how to choose communication protocols that guarantee the feasibility of the original temporal plan subject to some cost associated with that communication. To do so, we introduce a means of extracting delay controllability conflicts and show how we can use these conflicts to more efficiently guide our search. We then present three conflict-directed search algorithms and explore the theoretical and empirical trade-offs between the different approaches.

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Li, Jiaoyang, Ariel Felner, Eli Boyarski, Hang Ma, and Sven Koenig. "Improved Heuristics for Multi-Agent Path Finding with Conflict-Based Search." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/63.

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Conflict-Based Search (CBS) and its enhancements are among the strongest algorithms for Multi-Agent Path Finding. Recent work introduced an admissible heuristic to guide the high-level search of CBS. In this work, we prove the limitation of this heuristic, as it is based on cardinal conflicts only. We then introduce two new admissible heuristics by reasoning about the pairwise dependencies between agents. Empirically, CBS with either new heuristic significantly improves the success rate over CBS with the recent heuristic and reduces the number of expanded nodes and runtime by up to a factor of 50.

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Sreeram, R. T., and P. K. Chawdhry. "A Single Function Agent Framework for Task Decomposition and Conflict Negotiation." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/dfm-5748.

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Abstract Researchers in agent-based concurrent engineering have identified a variety of techniques for product development with the use of multi-agents. Significant but less common are the techniques based on more task-specific single function agents. This paper proposes a single function agent framework for task-solving in a product development environment. This framework is based on Habermas’s theory of communicative action which is particularly suited for collaborative work. The inter-agent communication is based on Knowledge Query Manipulation Language (KQML). The task decomposition of the design process is based on the cluster identification algorithm. The conflicts which arise during the design process are resolved by using very specialized single function agents that detect conflicts based on violation of the design constraints. The case study on the design of a mechanical shaft demonstrates the appropriateness of the proposed framework.

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Qi, Jin, Jie Hu, Guoniu Zhu, and Yinghong Peng. "Automatically Synthesizing Principle Solutions in Multi-Disciplinary Conceptual Design With Functional and Structural Knowledge." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46373.

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Synthesizing principle solutions (PSs) in various disciplines together is a common practice in multi-disciplinary conceptual design (MDCD), which generates the combination of PSs to meet the desired functional requirement. Different from structure- and function-based synthesis methods, a hybrid PS synthesis (HPSS) method through integrating functional and structural knowledge is proposed in this paper, which not only achieves the automated synthesis of multi-disciplinary PSs, but also resolves the undesired physical conflicts during the synthesis process. It comprises of united representation approach for modeling functional and structural knowledge of multi-disciplinary PSs, adapted agent-based approach for chaining the specified functional flows of PSs, and the extension conflict resolve approach for handling the partial design conflicts among selected PSs. An industrial case study on the emergency cutting off (ECO) device design was given to validate the applicability of HPSS, and it indicates that HPSS can not only get multi-disciplinary design result of ECO device, but also further resolve the design conflict (i.e., vibration impact) to optimize the functional structure of ECO device.

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Liu, Xinhua, Weida Wang, Wenjian Liu, and Yue Xing. "Development of a Technique Preparation Integration System With Agent Technology." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34142.

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This study intends to propose an intelligent system with agent technology in order to realize integration and cooperation of technique preparation process. The agent-based system framework, in which various intelligent agents worked together to perform technique preparation tasks in an autonomous and collaborative way, is put forward. The system consists of three categories of agents and functional definition of each intelligent agent is presented. Moreover, agents communication mechanism and cooperation sequence diagram are proposed. Finally, an intelligent algorithm based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is designed to resolve competition conflicts among the agents.

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Reports on the topic "Agency conflicts"

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Gan, Yingjin Hila, and Christopher Mayer. Agency Conflicts, Asset Substitution, and Securitization. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12359.

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Albuquerque, Rui, and Neng Wang. Agency Conflicts, Investment, and Asset Pricing. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13251.

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Donnelly, Phoebe, and Boglarka Bozsogi. Agitators and Pacifiers: Women in Community-based Armed Groups in Kenya. RESOLVE Network, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/cbags2022.4.

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This research report is a case study of women’s participation in community-based armed groups (CBAGs) in Kenya. It examines: the diversity of women’s motivations to participate in community-based armed groups in Kenya; women’s roles and agency within community-based armed groups, communal conflicts, as well as community security and peacebuilding structures; and gender dynamics in conflict ecosystems, including social perceptions about women’s engagement in conflict. This case study contributes to the literature on women and CBAGs by examining the variations in their engagement across a single country, based on diverse local contexts. Data collection sites for the study included 1) the capital city, Nairobi; 2) Isiolo County; 3) Marsabit County; 4) Mombasa County; and 5) Bungoma County. Together, these sites provide insight into local conflict dynamics in rural and urban areas; on country borders and on the coast; and in communities with ethnic polarization, land conflicts, criminal gangs, and histories of violent extremism and secessionist movements. The Kenyan research team employed a qualitative approach to data collection through key informant interviews (KIIs), focus group discussions (FGDs), and the use of secondary source data. The findings show that there is no single template for understanding women’s engagement with CBAGs; instead, women’s motivations and roles within these groups are varied and highly contextual, just as with the motivations and roles of men. This study demonstrates the utility of context-specific analyses at the sub-national level to capture the range of women’s participation in and engagement with CBAGs and their greater contributions to the local security landscape.

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Hachem-Vermette, Caroline, Matteo Formolli, and Daniele Vettorato. Surface Uses in Solar Neighborhoods. IEA SHC Task 63, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task63-2022-0002.

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This report has been completed through international collaboration under the International Energy Agency (IEA) Solar Heating and Cooling (SHC) Programme - Task 63 on Solar Neighborhood Planning. Specifically, the work contributes to Task 63 Subtask B - Economic Strategies and Stakeholder Engagement by identifying and discussing the potential usage of different urban surfaces in harvesting solar energy. Special focus has been placed on the identification of conflicts and synergies among solutions, and their contribution to the major climate resilience and sustainability objectives defined by solar neighborhoods.

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Lowney, Martin S., Scott F. Beckerman, Scott C. Barras, and Thomas W. Seamans. Gulls. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7208740.ws.

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Abundant gull populations in North America have led to a variety of conflicts with people. Gulls cause damage at aquaculture facilities and other properties, and often collide with aircraft. Their use of structures on and near water results in excessive amounts of bird droppings on boats and docks. Their presence near outdoor dining establishments, swimming beaches, and recreational sites can lead to negative interactions with people. Large amounts of gull fecal material pollutes water and beaches resulting in drinking water contamination and swim bans. A combination of dispersal techniques, exclusion and limited lethal control may reduce damage to an acceptable level. Gulls are classified as a migratory bird species and are protected by federal and, in most cases, state laws. In the United States, gulls may be taken only with a permit issued by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Occasionally, an additional permit is required from the state wildlife management agency.

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Herbert, Siân. Maintaining Basic State Functions and Service Delivery During Escalating Crises. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.099.

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This rapid literature review explores how to maintain essential state functions and basic service delivery during escalating conflict situations. It draws on literature and ideas from various overlapping agendas including development and humanitarian nexus; development, humanitarian and peacebuilding nexus (the “triple nexus”); fragile states; state-building; conflict sensitivity; resilience; and conflict prevention and early warning. There has been an extensive exploration of these ideas over the past decades: as the international development agenda has increasingly focussed on the needs of fragile and conflict-affected contexts (FCAS); as violent conflicts have become more complex and protracted; as the global share of poverty has become increasingly concentrated in FCAS highlighting the need to combine humanitarian crisis strategies with longer-term development strategies; as threats emanating from FCAS increasingly affect countries beyond those states and regions e.g. through serious and organised crime (SOC) networks, migration, terrorism, etc; and as global trends like climate change and demographic shifts create new stresses, opportunities, and risks.

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Luintel, Gyanu. Intrastate Armed Conflict and Peacebuilding in Nepal: An Assessment of the Political and Economic Agency of Women. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2748.

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Khan, Mahreen. The Environmental Impacts of War and Conflict. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.060.

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In modern warfare, the first widely acknowledged scientific study and documented case of environmental damage during conflict was the (direct and deliberate) use of Agent Orange and other toxic chemicals by US forces, from 1961-1971, during the Vietnam War in a policy known as herbicide. The Vietnam War has been relatively well documented for the sheer horror and magnitude of the devastation to natural habitats and because it was the first war where television and global media brought vivid images and accounts into people’s homes, making the war a matter of political and public conscience This helped stir academic and scientific interest and facilitated evidence collection and documentation of environmental damages. This helpdesk report is a rapid literature review on the main environmental impacts of war and conflict, drawing primarily on academic, and peer reviewed literature and only some policy and practitioner sources, as per the request. Where current situations are discussed, such as the ongoing Ukraine war, a few blogs are referred to. Within the literature focused on the environmental impacts of conflict, common case studies include: the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) bombing of Kosovo (1999), and the conflict in the Donbas region of Ukraine (2014). Interestingly there is comparatively less literature on the conflicts in Afghanistan (2001-2021), the Iraq-Iran War (1980-1988), the Gulf Wars (1991 and 2003), the Yemeni civil war (2014 – present) and the ongoing war in Syria (since 2011) despite their relatively greater severity, intensity and duration.

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Lenhardt, Amanda. Progress Towards Meaningful Women’s Participation in Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding Decision-makingt prevention and peacebuilding decision-making. Institute of Development Studies, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.044.

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The Women, Peace and Security or Gender Peace and Security (WPS/GPS) agenda has expanded significantly over the 20+ years of concerted efforts at many levels to expand the role of women in conflict resolution and peacebuilding. Yet many authors note that the expansion of international agreements and national plans to support greater women’s participation in decision-making have yet to translate into concrete changes. This report examines progress in promoting women’s meaningful participation in decision making processes in conflict prevention and peacebuilding, with a focus on changes since 2018. Evidence on women’s meaningful participation in decision-making tends to focus on a small range of measurable outcomes with some studies considering the outcomes of women’s involvement in those processes to determine the extent to which they might be ‘meaningful’. Few studies examine differential outcomes of such initiatives for different groups of women, and most data does not allow for the disaggregation of intersecting identities between gender, ethnicity, race, disability, migration status and other key factors. Evidence collected for this report suggests that policies and programmes seeking to support greater women’s participation in decision-making in conflict prevention and peacebuilding often struggle to address the broader structural factors that inhibit women’s empowerment. Tackling longstanding and often deeply embedded harmful social norms has proven challenging across sectors, and in conflict or post-conflict settings with highly complex social dynamics, this can be especially difficult. Many of the issues highlighted in the literature as hindering progress on the WPS agenda relate to cross-cutting issues at the heart of gender inequality. Multiple authors from within women’s movements in conflict and post-conflict settings emphasise the need for policies and programmes that support women to act as agents of change in their own communities and which amplify their voices rather than speak on their behalf. Recent achievements in South Sudan and the Pacific region are indicative of the potential of women’s movements to affect change in conflict prevention and peacebuilding and suggest progress is being made in some areas, though gender equality in these processes may be a long way off.

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Maubert, Camille, Jeremy Allouche, Irene Hamuli, Eustache Kuliumbwa Lulego, Gauthier Marchais, Ferdinand Mushi Mugumo, and Sohela Nazneen. Women’s Agency and Humanitarian Protection in North and South Kivu, DRC. Institute of Development Studies, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.076.

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This Working Paper analyses the role and practices of women’s groups in relation to women’s protection in the provinces of North and South Kivu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Contrasting qualitative materials from communities in Congo with the literature on women’s agency, we explore the spaces, strategies, and repertoires used by women to increase their participation in community protection structures. Using case studies from North and South Kivu, including protection projects supported by ActionAid and Oxfam, we show how women’s leadership groups can constitute an empowering space and vehicle for women’s collective negotiation for protection which spans across several interrelated spheres: domestic, community, and professional, as well as legal, religious, and customary. Through our analysis of how women’s groups shape protection discourses and progressively change practices, we aim to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of what a women-led approach to protection means in practice as well as the challenges and opportunities that women face in order to expand their agency in a conflict-affected and patriarchal context.

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