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Wang, Xin. "A fuzzy logic based intelligent negotiation agent." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27194.
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With the evolution of electronic commerce (eCommerce) on the web and the rise of interests in intelligence of software agents, automated negotiation is becoming an increasingly popular method for an eCommerce system to be efficient; however, negotiation, which takes place in transaction, is complicated, time-consuming and costly for participants to reach an agreement. This thesis presents a model of an intelligent negotiation agent based on fuzzy logic methodology in order to alleviate the complexity of negotiation. The proposed negotiation agent model is particularly suitable to open environments, such as the Internet. The conventional methods, such as game theory, are incapable of handling an open environment where the information is sparse and full of uncertainty, while the fuzzy approaches are suitable to elegantly deal with this problem. The fuzzy logic based intelligent negotiation agent, presented in this thesis, is able to interact autonomously and consequently save human labor in negotiations. The aim of modeling a negotiation agent is to reach mutual agreement efficiently and intelligently. The negotiation agent is able to negotiate with other such agents, over various sets of issues, on behalf of the real-world parties they represent, i.e. it can handle multi-issue negotiation.
The reasoning model of the negotiation agent has been implemented partially by using c# based on Microsoft .NET. The reliability and the flexibility of the reasoning model are finally evaluated. The results show that performance of the proposed agent model is acceptable for negotiation parties to achieve mutual benefits.
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Rahwan, Iyad. "Interest-based negotiation in multi-agent systems." Connect to thesis, 2004. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/2885.
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Software systems involving autonomous interacting software entities (or agents) present new challenges in computer science and software engineering. A particularly challenging problem is the engineering of various forms of interaction among agents. Interaction may be aimed at enabling agents to coordinate their activities, cooperate to reach common objectives, or exchange resources to better achieve their individual objectives. This thesis is concerned with negotiation: a process through which multiple self-interested agents can reach agreement over the exchange of scarce resources. In particular, I focus on settings where agents have limited or uncertain information, precluding them from making optimal individual decisions. I demonstrate that this form of bounded-rationality may lead agents to sub-optimal negotiation agreements. I argue that rational dialogue based on the exchange of arguments can enable agents to overcome this problem. Since agents make decisions based on particular underlying reasons, namely their interests, beliefs and planning knowledge, then rational dialogue over these reasons can enable agents to refine their individual decisions and consequently reach better agreements. I refer to this form of interaction as “interested-based negotiation.” (For complete abstract open document)
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Leung, Chun-wai David, and 梁俊偉. "An agent-based negotiation framework for supply chain management." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26651129.
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Williams, Colin Richard. "Practical strategies for agent-based negotiation in complex environments." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/348190/.
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Agent-based negotiation, whereby the negotiation is automated by software programs, can be applied to many different negotiation situations, including negotiations between friends, businesses or countries. A key benefit of agent-based negotiation over human negotiation is that it can be used to negotiate effectively in complex negotiation environments, which consist of multiple negotiation issues, time constraints, and multiple unknown opponents. While automated negotiation has been an active area of research in the past twenty years, existing work has a number of limitations. Specifically, most of the existing literature has considered time constraints in terms of the number of rounds of negotiation that take place. In contrast, in this work we consider time constraints which are based on the amount of time that has elapsed. This requires a different approach, since the time spent computing the next action has an effect on the utility of the outcome, whereas the actual number of offers exchanged does not. In addition to these time constraints, in the complex negotiation environments which we consider, there are multiple negotiation issues, and we assume that the opponents’ preferences over these issues and the behaviour of those opponents are unknown. Finally, in our environment there can be concurrent negotiations between many participants. Against this background, in this thesis we present the design of a range of practical negotiation strategies, the most advanced of which uses Gaussian process regression to coordinate its concession against its various opponents, whilst considering the behaviour of those opponents and the time constraints. In more detail, the strategy uses observations of the offers made by each opponent to predict the future concession of that opponent. By considering the discounting factor, it predicts the future time which maximises the utility of the offers, and we then use this in setting our rate of concession. Furthermore, we evaluate the negotiation agents that we have developed, which use our strategies, and show that, particularly in the more challenging scenarios, our most advanced strategy outperforms other state-of-the-art agents from the Automated Negotiating Agent Competition, which provides an international benchmark for this work. In more detail, our results show that, in one-to-one negotiation, in the highly discounted scenarios, our agent reaches outcomes which, on average, are 2.3% higher than those of the next best agent. Furthermore, using empirical game theoretic analysis we show the robustness of our strategy in a variety of tournament settings. This analysis shows that, in the highly discounted scenarios, no agent can benefit by choosing a different strategy (taken from the top four strategies in that setting) than ours. Finally, in the many-to-many negotiations, we show how our strategy is particularly effective in highly competitive scenarios, where it outperforms the state-of-the-art many-to-many negotiation strategy by up to 45%.
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Chaimontree, Santhana. "Multi-agent data mining with negotiation : a study in multi-agent based clustering." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/7673/.
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Multi-Agent Data Mining (MADM) seeks to harness the general advantages offered by Multi-Agent System (MAS) with respect to the domain of data mining. The research described in this thesis is concerned with Multi-Agent Based Clustering (MABC), thus MADM to support clustering. To investigate the use of MAS technology with respect to data mining, and specifically data clustering, two approaches are proposed in this thesis. The first approach is a multi-agent based approach to clustering using a generic MADM framework whereby a collection of agents with different capabilities are allowed to collaborate to produce a ``best'' set of clusters. The framework supports three clustering paradigms: K-means, K-NN and divisive hierarchical clustering. A number of experiments were conducted using benchmark UCI data sets and designed to demonstrate that the proposed MADM approach can identify a best set of clusters using the following clustering metrics: F-measure, Within Group Average Distance (WGAD) and Between Group Average Distance (BGAD). The results demonstrated that the MADM framework could successfully be used to find a best cluster configuration. The second approach is an extension of the proposed initial MADM framework whereby a ``best'' cluster configuration could be found using cooperation and negotiation among agents. The novel feature of the extended framework is that it adopts a two-phase approach to clustering. Phase one is similar to the established centralised clustering approach (except that it is conducted in a decentralised manner). Phase two comprises a negotiation phase where agents ``swap'' unwanted records so as to improve a cluster configuration. A set of performatives is proposed as part of a negotiation protocol to facilitate intra-agent negotiation. It is this negotiation capability which is the central contribution of the work described in this thesis. An extensive evaluation of the extended framework was conducted using: (i) benchmark UCI data sets and (ii) a welfare benefits data set that provides an exemplar application. Evaluation of the framework clearly demonstrates that, in the majority of cases, this negotiation phase serves to produce a better cluster configuration (in terms of cohesion and separation) than that produced using a simple centralised approach.
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Kulsumunnessa, Omme, and Zaruhi Aslanyan. "An agent based protocol for parallel negotiation of dependent resources." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1920.
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Context. Resource allocation is an important issue in order to complete a task in the field of agent system. Several protocols are available for task distribution and for efficient resource allocation among agents. Efficient task distribution and resource allocation among agents are often play important roles to obtain high performance. However, the situation becomes more complicated when the resources are dependent on each other where multiple buyers and providers of resources negotiate in parallel. Objectives. In this paper, we proposed an agent based protocol for synchronizing and allocating dependent resources that involves parallel negotiation between multiple buyers and providers of resources. Methods. Literature survey has been conducted in the studied areas in order to position the work and gain more knowledge. Moreover, to validate the proposed protocol, a simulation study was performed. Results. The suggested protocol can handle dependent resources negotiation parallel and the result illustrates that. Moreover, the approach can avoid broadcasting of call for proposals to reduce the communication overhead, which usually occur in many other protocols. Conclusion. In the suggested protocol, we have presented a new idea of re-planning with other techniques like Information board and leveled commitment. In a simulation study, it was identified that this approach is able to deal with the dependent resources according to the simulation results.
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Chattopadhyay, Dipayan. "Distributed Decision Tree Induction Using Multi-agent Based Negotiation Protocol." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406810377.
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Li, Wentao. "An agent-based negotiation model for the sourcing of construction suppliers." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39633950.
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Li, Wentao, and 李文濤. "An agent-based negotiation model for the sourcing of construction suppliers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39633950.
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LoPinto, Frank Anthony. "An Agent-Based Distributed Decision Support System Framework for Mediated Negotiation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27401.
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Implementing an e-market for limited supply perishable asset (LiSPA) products is a problem at the intersection of online purchasing and distributed decision support systems (DistDSS). In this dissertation, we introduce and define LiSPA products, provide real-world examples, develop a framework for a distributed system to implement an e-market for LiSPA products, and provide proof-of-concept for the two major components of the framework.
The DistDSS framework requires customers to instantiate agents that learn their preferences and evaluate products on their behalf. Accurately eliciting and modeling customer preferences in a quick and easy manner is a major hurdle for implementing this agent-based system. A methodology is developed for this problem using conjoint analysis and neural networks.
The framework also contains a model component that is addressed in this work. The model component is presented as a mediator of customer negotiation that uses the agent-based preference models mentioned above and employs a linear programming model to maximize overall satisfaction of the total market.<br>Ph. D.
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Lee, Lik-hang, and 李力恆. "An agent-based model to support multi-issue negotiation in green supply chain." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197508.
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To implement green supply chain, a company has to consider sustainability impacts in assessing potential suppliers. Thereby, the supplier evaluation and selection criteria would include various key performance indicators such as price, quality, delivery, as well as environmental and corporate social responsibility aspects. Researchers have proposed numerous multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) approaches for evaluating the multiple conflicting criteria in supplier selection. However, most of the existing approaches have ignored some important issues in business environment such as supplier qualification, supplier autonomy, negotiation between manufacturer and supplier, etc.
In this thesis, a multi-agent system (MAS) is proposed for supplier selection in green supply chain. It comprises two types of autonomous agents, namely, buyer agent and seller agents, to represent the interests of manufacturer and suppliers, respectively.
The proposed MAS presents three prominent features. First, the proposed supplier selection criteria incorporate the conventional, environmental and social aspects in the supplier selection process. The criteria are classified into negotiable and non-negotiable criteria. Initially, all criteria are included to evaluate and rank all the candidate suppliers. Subsequently, the top-ranked candidates are invited to participate in the bargaining process. In this regard, the negotiable criteria are used for assessing the quality of an offer, while the non-negotiable criteria, i.e. environmental and social criteria, influence the manufacturer’s negotiation attitude to candidate suppliers. The classification enables the manufacturer to fully utilize the performance values of all criteria.
Secondly, supplier selection is implemented in a two-stage methodology. The TOPSIS method is devised in the first stage to shortlist some suitable candidate suppliers for entering negotiation in the next stage. In the second stage, the agent-based negotiation process is adopted for selecting the final supplier. Representing the manufacturer and the shortlisted suppliers respectively, the buyer and seller agents bargain on a number of negotiable issues in the multi-round negotiation. A multi-issue and multilateral agent interaction protocol, which is an extension of the contract net protocol, is implemented in the MAS. Accordingly, the buyer agent coordinates with the seller agents to exchange offers and counteroffers.
Thirdly, a novel preference-based negotiation strategy is used to govern the behavior of agents during negotiation. A heuristics model with the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm and Adaptive Penalty Function has been designed and implemented to realize the proposed negotiation strategy. The strategy guides the autonomous agents to narrow down the discrepancies in the values of the negotiable criteria (price, delivery days, contract length) in their offers, and simultaneously search a mutually beneficial and acceptable agreement. The negotiation payoffs and negotiation time are improved.
Experimental results indicate that the proposed agent-based model could help the manufacturer to identify the most appropriate supplier and improve the quality of final agreement. In addition, the model successfully integrates supplier qualification and automated negotiation, and promotes supplier autonomy in the supplier selection process.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering<br>Master<br>Master of Philosophy
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Berker, Ilan. "Conflicts and Negotiations in Single Function Agent Based Design Systems." Digital WPI, 1999. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1075.
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"Design is a very complicated and ill-defined problem solving activity. Routine parametric design is a more restricted and well-defined version of design problems. Even this restricted version requires many different kinds of expert knowledge and the ability to perform a variety of tasks. One approach to solving this restricted version is to use Single Function Agents (SiFAs), each of which can perform a very specialized task, from a single point of view. The ability to represent expertise with different points of view is very important in design. These different points of view usually cause conflicts among agents, and these conflicts need to be resolved in order for the design process to be successful. Therefore, agents need to be capable of detecting and resolving these conflicts. This thesis presents a model of conflicts and negotiations in the SiFA framework. Some extensions to the present state of the SiFA paradigm are introduced. A hierarchy of possible conflicts is proposed and the steps of the negotiation process are discussed. The ability of agents to negotiation in order to resolve conflicts makes SiFA-based design systems more versatile, less brittle, and easier to construct and maintain. Also, the extended SiFA paradigm, where agents have negotiation capabilities leads to many interesting directions for further research. "
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Alghamdi, Ahmed Saeed. "Features interaction detection and resolution in smart home systems using agent-based negotiation approach." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/11470.
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Smart home systems (SHS) have become an increasingly important technology in modern life. Apart from safety, security, convenience and entertainment, they offer significant potential benefits for the elderly, disabled and others who cannot live independently. Furthermore, smart homes are environmentally friendly. SHS functionality is based on perceiving residents’ needs and desires, then offering services accordingly. In order to be smart, homes have to be equipped with sensors, actuators and intelligent devices and appliances, as well as connectivity and control mechanisms. A typical SHS comprises heterogeneous services and appliances that are designed by many different developers and which may meet for the first time in the home network. The heterogeneous nature of the systems, in addition to the dynamic environment in which they are deployed, exposes them to undesirable interactions between services, known as Feature Interaction (FI). Another reason for FI is the divergence between the policies, needs and desires of different residents. Proposed approaches to FI detection and resolution should take these different types of interaction into account. Negotiation is an effective mechanism to address FI, as conflicting features can then negotiate with each other to reach a compromise agreement. The ultimate goal of this study is to develop an Agent-Based Negotiation Approach (ABNA) to detect and resolve feature interaction in a SHS. A smart home architecture incorporating the components of the ABNA has been proposed. The backbone of the proposed approach is a hierarchy in which features are organised according to their importance in terms of their functional contribution to the overall service. Thus, features are categorised according to their priority, those which are essential for the service to function having the highest priority. An agent model of the ABNA is proposed and comprehensive definitions of its components are presented. A computational model of the system also has been proposed which is used to explain the behaviour of different components when a proposal to perform a task is raised. To clarify the system requirements and also to aid the design and implementation of its properties, a formal specification of the ABNA is presented using the mathematical notations of Calculus of Context-aware Ambient (CCA), then in order to evaluate the approach a case study is reported, involving two services within the SHS: ventilation and air conditioning. For the purpose of evaluation, the execution environment of CCA is utilised to execute and analyse the ABNA.
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Fang, Fang, and 方芳. "A life-cycle-oriented negotiation framework for supply chain management: an agent-based approach withhybrid learning." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39362437.
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Fang, Fang. "A life-cycle-oriented negotiation framework for supply chain management : an agent-based approach with hybrid learning /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38289659.
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Au, Wai Ki Richard. "Agent-based one-shot authorisation scheme in a commercial extranet environment." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16708/1/Wai_Ki_Au_Thesis.pdf.
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The enormous growth of the Internet and the World Wide Web has provided the opportunity for an enterprise to extend its boundaries in the global business environment. While commercial functions can be shared among a variety of
strategic allies - including business partners and customers, extranets appear to be
the cost-effective solution to providing global connectivity for different user groups.
Because extranets allow third-party users into corporate networks, they need to be extremely secure and external access needs to be highly controllable. Access control and authorisation mechanisms must be in place to regulate user access to information/resources in a manner that is consistent with the current set of policies
and practices both at intra-organisational and cross-organisational levels.
In the business-to-customer (B2C) e-commerce setting, a service provider faces a wide spectrum of new customers, who may not have pre-existing relationships established. Thus the authorisation problem is particularly complex. In this thesis, a new authorisation scheme is proposed to facilitate the service provider to
establish trust with potential customers, grant access privileges to legitimate users and enforce access control in a diversified commercial environment. Four modules with a number of innovative components and mechanisms suitable for distributed authorisation on extranets are developed:
* One-shot Authorisation Module - One-shot authorisation token is designed as a flexible and secure credential for access control enforcement in client/server systems;
* Token-Based Trust Establishment Module - Trust token is proposed for server-centric trust establishment in virtual enterprise environment.
* User-Centric Anonymous Authorisation Module - One-task authorisation key and anonymous attribute certificate are developed for anonymous
authorisation in a multi-organisational setting;
* Agent-Based Privilege Negotiation Module - Privilege negotiation agents are proposed to provide dynamic authorisation services with secure client agent environment for hosting these agents on user's platform
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Au, Wai Ki Richard. "Agent-based one-shot authorisation scheme in a commercial extranet environment." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16708/.
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The enormous growth of the Internet and the World Wide Web has provided the opportunity for an enterprise to extend its boundaries in the global business environment. While commercial functions can be shared among a variety of strategic allies - including business partners and customers, extranets appear to be the cost-effective solution to providing global connectivity for different user groups. Because extranets allow third-party users into corporate networks, they need to be extremely secure and external access needs to be highly controllable. Access control and authorisation mechanisms must be in place to regulate user access to information/resources in a manner that is consistent with the current set of policies and practices both at intra-organisational and cross-organisational levels. In the business-to-customer (B2C) e-commerce setting, a service provider faces a wide spectrum of new customers, who may not have pre-existing relationships established. Thus the authorisation problem is particularly complex. In this thesis, a new authorisation scheme is proposed to facilitate the service provider to establish trust with potential customers, grant access privileges to legitimate users and enforce access control in a diversified commercial environment. Four modules with a number of innovative components and mechanisms suitable for distributed authorisation on extranets are developed: * One-shot Authorisation Module - One-shot authorisation token is designed as a flexible and secure credential for access control enforcement in client/server systems; * Token-Based Trust Establishment Module - Trust token is proposed for server-centric trust establishment in virtual enterprise environment. * User-Centric Anonymous Authorisation Module - One-task authorisation key and anonymous attribute certificate are developed for anonymous authorisation in a multi-organisational setting; * Agent-Based Privilege Negotiation Module - Privilege negotiation agents are proposed to provide dynamic authorisation services with secure client agent environment for hosting these agents on user's platform
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Beauprez, Ellie. "Système multi-agents adaptatif pour l'équilibrage de charge centré utilisateur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILB013.
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Mes travaux s'intègrent aux recherches menées dans l'équipe SMAC de CRIStAL en Intelligence Artificielle Distribuée.Les sciences des données exploitent de larges volumes de données sur lesquelles des calculs sont effectués en parallèle par différents nœuds. Ces applications mettent à l'épreuve l'informatique distribuée en ce qui concerne l'allocation de tâches et l'équilibrage de charge. J'étudie dans cette thèse le problème de l'allocation continue de jobs concurrents, composés de tâches situées, sous-jacent au déploiement d'applications de traitement de données massives sur une grappe de serveurs. L'objectif est de minimiser le délai moyen de réalisation de ces jobs, appelée flowtime.Je propose dans ce document un modèle multi-agents d'assignation tâches-exécutants où les nœudsde calcul sont contrôlés par des agents collaboratifs, appelés agents-nœuds, qui négocient des réallocations locales pour aboutir à une meilleure répartition des tâches. Ces négociations se déroulent au fil de l'exécution des tâches. Grâce à leur modèle des pairs, les agents-nœuds sont capables d'identifier des opportunités au sein de l'allocation courante pour marchander des délégations voire des échanges de tâches avec leurs semblables. Pour améliorer la réactivité (responsiveness) de la stratégie multi-agents qui repose sur l'exécution asynchrone de comportements individuels en interaction, le processus de négociation s'appuie sur de multiples négociations bilatérales concurrentes.Mes campagnes d'expérimentation permettent de valider empiriquement l'efficacité de la réactivitéde ma stratégie multi-agents. En effet, ma méthode favorise un réordonnancement rapide des tâches,plutôt que la recherche de la solution optimale, ce qui permet une adaptation rapide. Mes expérimentations montrent que, lorsqu'elle est exécutée de manière concurrente au processus de consommation,notre stratégie de réallocation : (1) réduit significativement le temps de réordonnancement ; (2) améliorele délai moyen de réalisation ; (3) ne pénalise pas la consommation ; (4) est robuste aux aléas d'exécution ; et (5) s'adapte à la libération de jobs<br>My work is part of the research done by the SMAC team in the laboratory CRIStAL in Distributed Artificial Intelligence.Data sciences exploit large datasets on which computations are performed in parallel by differentnodes. These applications challenge distributed computing in terms of task allocation and load-balancing.In this thesis, I study the problem of continuous allocation of concurrent jobs, composed of situated tasks,underlying the deployment of massive data processing applications on a cluster of servers. The objectiveis to minimise the mean flowtime of these jobs.In this paper, I propose a multi-agent task-worker assignment model where computing nodes are controlled by collaborative agents, called node agents, which negotiate local task reallocations to achieve a bettertask distribution. These negotiations take place during the tasks execution. Thanks to their peer modelling,node agents are able to identify opportunities within the current allocation to negotiate task delegationsor even swaps with their peers. To improve the responsiveness of the multi-agent strategy, which is basedon the asynchronous execution of interacting individual behaviours, the negotiation process is based onmultiple concurrent bilateral negotiations.My experimental campaigns allow me to empirically validate the efficiency of the reactivity of mymulti-agent strategy. This is because my method encourages rapid reordering of tasks, rather than thesearch for the optimum solution, which allows responsiveness. My experiments show that, when executedconcurrently with the consumption process, our reallocation strategy : (1) significantly reduces the rescheduling time ; (2) improves the flowtime ; (3) does not penalise the consumption ; (4) is robust to executionhazards ; and (5) adapts to the release of jobs
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Narayanan, Vidya. "A learning based approach to modelling bilateral adaptive agent negotiations." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485525.
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In large multi-agent systems, individual agents often have conflicting goals, but are dependent on each other for the achievement of these objectives. In such 'situations, negotiation between the agents is a key means of resolving conflicts and reaching a compromise. Hence it is imperative to develop good automated negotiation techniques to enable effective interactions. However this problem is made harder by the fact that such environments are invariably dynamic (e.g. the bandwidth available for COmInUnications can fluctuate, the. availability of computation resources can change, and the time available for negotiations can change). Moreover, these changes can have a direct eff~ct on the negotiation process. Thus an agent has to adapt its negotiation behaviour in response to changes in the environment and its opponent's behaviour if it is to be effective. Given this, this research has developed negotiation mechanisms that enable an agent to perform effectively in a particular class of negotiation encounters; namely, .~ bilateral negotiation in which a service provider and a service consumer interact to fix the price of the service. In more detail, we use both reinforcement and Bayesian learning methods to derive an optimal agent strategy for bilateral negotiations in dynamic environments with incomplete information. Specifically, an agent models the change in its opponent's behaviour using Markov Chains and determines an optimal policy to use in response to changes in the environment. Also using the Markov chain framework, the agent updates its prior knowledge of the opponent by observing successive offers using Bayesian inference and hence strategically responds to its opponent. This framework for adaptive negotiation in non-stationary environments incorporates two novel learning algorithms that use reinforcement and Bayesian learning techniques to respond to the various forms of dynamism. Having devised the algorithms, we analytically show that the former learns an optimal policy for negotiating in a non-stationary environment and the latter converges over repeated encounters to the opponent's true strategic model. These empirical results show that the reinforcement learning.algorithm successfully concludes 83% of the negotiations in dynamic scenarios and that when using the Bayesian algorith?l the opponent learns the true model of an adaptive opponent's behaviour in 95% of the encounters. Both of these results compare very favourably with the previous state of art. We have also done a comparison of the these two algorithms. The empirical results show that using reinforcement learning a very high percentage (90%) of dynamic. ne- .' gotiation encounters end in agreement, whereas using Bayesian learning techniques the agent eams a large share ofthe profits (89%) in the negotiation process.
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Ould, Ouali Lydia. "Modèle de négociation collaborative basé sur la relation interpersonnelle de dominance." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS470/document.
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L'essor des travaux en informatique affective voit la naissance de diverses questions de recherches pour étudier les interactions agents /humains. Parmi elles, se pose la question de l'impact des relations interpersonnelles sur les stratégies de communications. Les interactions entre un agent conversation et un utilisateur humain prennent généralement place dans des environnements collaboratifs où les interlocuteurs partagent des buts communs. La relation interpersonnelle que les individus créent durant leurs interactions affecte leurs stratégies de communications. Par ailleurs, des individus qui collaborent pour atteindre un but commun sont généralement amenés à négocier. Ce type de négociation permet aux négociateurs d'échanger des informations afin de mieux collaborer. L'objectif cette thèse est d'étudier l'impact de la relation interpersonnelle de dominance sur les stratégies de négociation collaborative entre un agent et un humain. Ce travail se base sur des études en psychologie sociale qui ont défini les comportements liés à la manifestation de la dominance dans une négociation. Nous proposons un modèle de négociation collaborative dont le modèle décisionnel est régi par la relation de dominance. En effet, en fonction de sa position dans le spectre de dominance, l'agent est capable d'exprimer une stratégie de négociation spécifique. En parallèle, l'agent simule une relation interpersonnelle de dominance avec son interlocuteur. Pour ce faire, nous avons doté l'agent d'un modèle de théorie de l'esprit qui permet à l'agent de raisonner sur les comportements de son interlocuteur afin de prédire sa position dans le spectre de dominance. Ensuite, il adapte sa stratégie de négociation vers une stratégie complémentaire à celle détectée chez son interlocuteur. Nos résultats ont montré que les comportements de dominance exprimés par notre agent sont correctement perçus. Par ailleurs, le modèle de la théorie de l'esprit est capable de faire de bonnes prédictions avec seulement une représentation partielle de l'état mental de l'interlocuteur. Enfin, la simulation de la relation interpersonnelle de dominance a un impact positif sur la négociation: les négociateurs atteignent de bon taux de gains communs. De plus, la relation de dominance augmente le sentiment d'appréciation entre les négociateurs et la négociation est perçue comme confortable<br>The rise of work in affective computing sees the emergence of various research questions to study agent / human interactions. Among them raises the question of the impact of interpersonal relations on the strategies of communication. Human/agent interactions usually take place in collaborative environments in which the agent and the user share common goals. The interpersonal relations which individuals create during their interactions affects their communications strategies. Moreover, individuals who collaborate to achieve a common goal are usually brought to negotiate. This type of negotiation allows the negotiators to efficiently exchange information and their respective expertise in order to better collaborate. The objective of this thesis is to study the impact of the interpersonal relationship of dominance on collaborative negotiation strategies between an agent and a human. This work is based on studies from social psychology to define the behaviours related to the manifestation of dominance in a negotiation. We propose a collaborative negotiation model whose decision model is governed by the interpersonal relation of dominance. Depending on its position in the dominance spectrum, the agent is able to express a specific negotiation strategy. In parallel, the agent simulates an interpersonal relationship of dominance with his interlocutor. To this aim, we provided the agent with a model of theory of mind that allows him to reason about the behaviour of his interlocutor in order to predict his position in the dominance spectrum. Afterwards, the agent adapts his negotiation strategy to complement the negotiation strategy detected in the interlocutor. Our results showed that the dominance behaviours expressed by our agent are correctly perceived by human participants. Furthermore, our model of theory of mind is able de make accurate predictions of the interlocutor behaviours of dominance with only a partial representation of the other's mental state. Finally, the simulation of the interpersonal relation of dominance has a positive impact on the negotiation: the negotiators reach a good rate of common gains and the negotiation is perceived comfortable which increases the liking between the negotiators
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Wang, Gong, and 王宮. "Service-oriented multi-agent system architecture for virtual enterprises: with ontology-based negotiations." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47029110.
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Chou, Yu-Wen, and 周玉雯. "Multi-Agent Based Distributed Design Negotiation." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71353867664864431089.
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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>工業工程與工程管理學系<br>97<br>Facing the economics globalization and the trend of job specialization in industry, modern enterprises start to separate and outsource their product development tasks in order to strengthen core competence and maintain competitiveness. This research investigates multi-agent based design negotiation methods in a distributed environment with limited access to information. The focus is on improving centralized “price based negotiation” and de-centralized “asynchronous backtracking” methods. We first propose a novel conflict resolving mechanism that adjusts individual negotiation policies each time when agreement cannot be achieved during the negotiation process. The price based negotiation approach is next extended to distributed decision making within a multi-stage hierarchy. These enhancements provide more flexible negotiation and better efficiency compared to previous work. This work also implements the proposed methods with multiple agent system (MAS) technologies to facilitate the negotiation process by automating lengthy iterations. Finally, we apply the methods to different distributed design collaboration situations including tolerance allocation, resource allocation among multi manufacturing sites, reliability distribution in complex systems development, and LOD data transmission in 3D streaming. The test results not only validate this work, but they also demonstrate the practicality of the agent-based distributed negotiation methods.
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林永裔. "Agent-based Negotiation for Distributed Design." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96782896639176190072.
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Yu-Shian, Chen, and 陳俞先. "Intelligent Negotiation strategy based on Agent technology." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14910419642236354121.
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碩士<br>淡江大學<br>資訊工程學系<br>89<br>With the growth of the electronic commerce on the internet, people can easily get product information, such as features, evaluation, and price. The useful information can help consumers to find the suitable merchandises. However, people often waste a lot of time to complete the transaction.
Due to this reason, our proposal is to bring up a negotiation strategy to complete the trade in an effective time. The purchasers require to offer the degree of favorite and the range of the price. Using these parameters, the benefits of users are to save their money and gain their best choices in a short time. This process is called intelligent agent’s negotiation. Today, researchers use many negotiation strategies, including Game Theory and Decision Making. Our strategy can help consumer to purchase goods on the Internet conveniently.
We wish this project can not only to be used on general site but also to be applied in a group auction. In the future, this strategy could be more full-fledged suitable for the user’s demand.
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Chen, Yu-Shian, and 陳俞先. "Intelligent Negotiation Strategy Based on Agent Technology." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13386742973085210682.
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碩士<br>淡江大學<br>資訊工程研究所<br>89<br>With the growth of the electronic commerce on the internet, people can easily get produce information, such as features, evaluation , and price. The useful information can help consumers to find the suitable merchandises. Howerver, people often waste a lot of time to complete the transaction.
Due to this reason, our proposal is to bring up a negotiation strategy to complete the trade in an effective time. The purchasers require to offer the degree of favorite and the range of the price. Using these parameters, the benefits of users are to save their money and gain their best choices in a short time. This process is called intelligent agent''s negotiation. Today, researchers use many negotiation strategies, including Game Theory and Decision Making. Our strategy can help consumer to purchase goods on the Internet conveniently.
We wish this proiect can not only to be used on general site but also to be applied in a group auction. In the future, this strategy could be more full-fledged suitable for the user''s demand.
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Huang, Zhong-Zhu, and 黃中柱. "Case-Based Reasoning for Multi-Agent Negotiation." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51409952497950669222.
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碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>電機工程所<br>96<br>In the course of negotiation, sellers would not spontaneously inform buyers of their preferences. Buyers, generally speaking, know their sellers’ preferences through their conjectures or experiences. If the buyers did not have any business transaction experience with the sellers before, it is usually difficult to know the sellers’ preferences. A case-based reasoning method is adopted in this thesis to help buyers, in accordance with their preferences of negotiation, pick up appropriate sellers for a business negotiation and meanwhile, inform users of the reasons for choosing such buyers. A multi-attribute method is implemented in the process of negotiation. Both parties negotiate on a “multi-rounds” basis. At the end of the negotiation, such a negotiation experience will be systematically analyzed to see whether or not it should be kept or a past experience should be modified. These experiences can further be provided to other buyers for use.
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Huq, Golenur B., University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, and School of Computing and Mathematics. "Automated negotiation in multi-agent based e-business." 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/19651.
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Negotiation is one of the most important activities for organisations in conducting electronic business. Traditional purchasing and selling have been conducted through complex processes involving negotiation that includes coordination and cooperation. To conduct automated negotiation for electronic business, a multi-agent system is needed where agents interact with each other. To perform this activity effectively and efficiently agents need to be able to negotiate, coordinate and cooperate with each other within the system. The research detailed in this thesis investigated the negotiation process in business-to business (B2B) transactions in supply chain management for multi-agent based electronic business (e business). Specifically, it answers the following research question: How can the negotiation process in B2B transactions be formulated and applied in multi-agent based e-business? The research strategy utilized an exploratory case study framework, with methods from decision theory, game theory, fuzzy logic and simulation for analysis. A series of integrated studies were undertaken to develop: an automated negotiation protocol; negotiation strategies; and a coordination and cooperation model. These were analysed in the context of the case study, Trading Agent Competition Supply Chain Management (TAC SCM) game scenario. Currently, the TAC SCM is the only international competition involving an electronic marketplace (e market). The studies involved the negotiation strategy between two agents, where the agents will be able to solve a problem by finding the best feasible strategy to bind an agreement for negotiation. By adopting a maximin and minimax strategy, this research proposes that agents will reach a reasonable positive intention approach towards negotiation, and will increase the agreement binding rate. A negotiation strategy was also examined by Fuzzy Logic using possibility theory and linguistic variables in which it also proposes a negotiation strategy in an uncertain situation for the TAC SCM. This will aid in binding the agreement to achieve the agent’s expected profit. Next, this research reviewed the TAC SCM game and explored the procurement performance of agents.The monotonic concession negotiation protocol, which determines the rules in which the agents can offer and counter-offer in the negotiation process was investigated. The author proposes two types of protocols. The first protocol is a Non-Monotonic Protocol with theoretical analysis. The second protocol is an Extended and Flexible Iterated Negotiation Process. This research also developed an Extended Bilateral Negotiation Model based on OMG (1999). The Negotiation Mechanism involving Offering and Counter-Offering models were also developed. Next, this research reviewed the cooperation and coordination process. This study identified problems in conducting e-business and supply chain management and expected benefits for supply chains with agents working together in coordinated and cooperative processes. The utilization of the multi-agent system in supply chain management with the Enhanced and Effective Cooperative Processing Stages is discussed. To apply these stages, the author proposes an architecture of Effective Cooperative Processing for Agents, and some characteristics in modelling coordination and cooperation for TAC SCM have been outlined. The research detailed how the negotiation process in B2B transactions can be formulated and applied in multi-agent based e-business. Through the proposal of a Flexible and Iterated Negotiation Framework, consisting of an Extended Bilateral Negotiation Model and a Cooperation and Coordination Model, the research community moves further towards the ultimate goal of an efficient, economic and automated negotiation process. In summary, the main contributions of the thesis include: a theoretical analysis of the negotiation process with coordination and cooperation; proposed models for an automated negotiation process; development of strategies and protocols for automated negotiation; and the coordination and cooperation model that can be used not only in supply chain management but also in any type of e-business.<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Chen, Yuan-Pu, and 陳元璞. "An Agent-based Negotiation Model for Electronic Marketplace." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69778880859953382150.
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碩士<br>淡江大學<br>資訊工程學系<br>89<br>As the Internet moves into the mainstream, more and more companies and enterprises use digital technology to reform their traditional business model. Electronic Commerce has rapidly become a major role in the business market. It speeds up business transaction and promotes economic efficiency. In order to improve the environment of Internet and E-Commerce, more new technologies are developed, and Agent technology is one of the best. The implementation of Agent technology in E-Commerce can be widely found in product brokering, merchant brokering, price comparing, and negotiation. Using agent approach, a common interface can let user navigate all online shops easily, and the powerful information gathering ability can reduce the inferiority of Information Asymmetry.
In this thesis, a negotiation mechanism applied to an agent-based electronic marketplace architecture is proposed. Provide an appropriate model to negotiate bilateral and multi-lateral bargaining based on Multi-Attribute Utility Theory and Game Theory. Evaluate a best strategy over all product offers like price, warranty and service policy, rather than only on price. At last, a concept of coalition formation is also proposed. Both seller and buyer have benefit by cooperating with potential partners, because of a coalition has more advantage of bargaining. E-Commerce combines technology with economics, it will provide a convenient market for suppliers and customers, and make business transaction be more effective.
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Huq, Golenur B. "Automated negotiation in multi-agent based e-business." Thesis, 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/19651.
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Negotiation is one of the most important activities for organisations in conducting electronic business. Traditional purchasing and selling have been conducted through complex processes involving negotiation that includes coordination and cooperation. To conduct automated negotiation for electronic business, a multi-agent system is needed where agents interact with each other. To perform this activity effectively and efficiently agents need to be able to negotiate, coordinate and cooperate with each other within the system. The research detailed in this thesis investigated the negotiation process in business-to business (B2B) transactions in supply chain management for multi-agent based electronic business (e business). Specifically, it answers the following research question: How can the negotiation process in B2B transactions be formulated and applied in multi-agent based e-business? The research strategy utilized an exploratory case study framework, with methods from decision theory, game theory, fuzzy logic and simulation for analysis. A series of integrated studies were undertaken to develop: an automated negotiation protocol; negotiation strategies; and a coordination and cooperation model. These were analysed in the context of the case study, Trading Agent Competition Supply Chain Management (TAC SCM) game scenario. Currently, the TAC SCM is the only international competition involving an electronic marketplace (e market). The studies involved the negotiation strategy between two agents, where the agents will be able to solve a problem by finding the best feasible strategy to bind an agreement for negotiation. By adopting a maximin and minimax strategy, this research proposes that agents will reach a reasonable positive intention approach towards negotiation, and will increase the agreement binding rate. A negotiation strategy was also examined by Fuzzy Logic using possibility theory and linguistic variables in which it also proposes a negotiation strategy in an uncertain situation for the TAC SCM. This will aid in binding the agreement to achieve the agent’s expected profit. Next, this research reviewed the TAC SCM game and explored the procurement performance of agents.The monotonic concession negotiation protocol, which determines the rules in which the agents can offer and counter-offer in the negotiation process was investigated. The author proposes two types of protocols. The first protocol is a Non-Monotonic Protocol with theoretical analysis. The second protocol is an Extended and Flexible Iterated Negotiation Process. This research also developed an Extended Bilateral Negotiation Model based on OMG (1999). The Negotiation Mechanism involving Offering and Counter-Offering models were also developed. Next, this research reviewed the cooperation and coordination process. This study identified problems in conducting e-business and supply chain management and expected benefits for supply chains with agents working together in coordinated and cooperative processes. The utilization of the multi-agent system in supply chain management with the Enhanced and Effective Cooperative Processing Stages is discussed. To apply these stages, the author proposes an architecture of Effective Cooperative Processing for Agents, and some characteristics in modelling coordination and cooperation for TAC SCM have been outlined. The research detailed how the negotiation process in B2B transactions can be formulated and applied in multi-agent based e-business. Through the proposal of a Flexible and Iterated Negotiation Framework, consisting of an Extended Bilateral Negotiation Model and a Cooperation and Coordination Model, the research community moves further towards the ultimate goal of an efficient, economic and automated negotiation process. In summary, the main contributions of the thesis include: a theoretical analysis of the negotiation process with coordination and cooperation; proposed models for an automated negotiation process; development of strategies and protocols for automated negotiation; and the coordination and cooperation model that can be used not only in supply chain management but also in any type of e-business.
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Chan, Huei-Yuan, and 詹惠媛. "An Equitable Negotiation Mechanism for Agent-based Electronic Marketplace." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47137666923036180292.
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碩士<br>淡江大學<br>資訊工程學系<br>91<br>Internet is getting more popular nowadays, and business behaviors are also changed gradually. Business transactions are no longer limited to time or space, moreover extended to a new era of electronic commerce. Basically, there are two kinds of marketplace model. One is horizontal marketplace, and the other is vertical marketplace. The previous provides all kinds of product for customers. Generally, bargaining power of the individual is very weak, usually ”take it or leave it”, so the mechanism of negotiation is simplified here. However, vertical marketplace offers more elements for the transactions between enterprises. Such as price issue, such as credit, payment terms and delivery time...etc. are cruxes to take consideration. If these complicated decision making procedures can be transferred into electronic jobs instead of, the benefit is not only saving the resource of manpower, but also enhancement of operating effciency.
Therefore, to develop a vertical e-marketplace is necessary. Meanwhile, the negotiation mechanism plays a significant role inside. Hence the study scope of this thesis is defined in developing a negotiation mechanism based on vertical marketplace. In order to improving the overall satisfactory in e-marketplace, we have to develop an equitable negotiation mechanism, to take care the interests of both buyers and suppliers, which also avoid price-war occurred. Therefore, price is not the only option, some value-added service provided should be thought over while assisting buyer to search for right supplier. The main purpose of this thesis is using Multi-Attribute Utility Theory to assist buyer analysis the proposals providing from suppliers, and generate a reasonable counterproposal cause to a successful negotiation. To effciency of e-marketplace, we use mobile agent technology. Mobile agents have a property of temporally continuous that they can substitute for buyers to search and collect information. They have the qualities of reducing the network load and overcoming network latency, so they can ease the need of online all the time.
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Hsieh, Hui-Mei, and 謝慧美. "An Agent-Based Transactional Negotiation Model for e-Marketplace." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hbscbx.
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碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>資訊管理系碩士班<br>94<br>Online auction or price negotiation in electronic marketplace usually lack of the effective in negotiation tactic which might lead to an unsatisfactory result. This research quoted three kinds of transaction negotiation patterns in the electronic marketplace, and it proposed the new agent transaction negotiation tactic, in order to help the dealer to achieve the online transaction effectively.
A.The multi-buyers and multi-sellers online exchange transaction: This research proposed that under time restriction; however, both sides use their credit and price for appraising factors. Both of buyer and seller may not get the balance at their maximum profits; therefore, the buyer or seller can move forward to the second high appraising factor that is to either low down or rise up the price to adjust the appraising factor. By showing the buyer and sellers’bidding strategy in conic section, and then decide the best trade partner immediately when the mutual appraising factor are at the same.
B.One seller to multi-buyers auction mechanism: In order to take care of seller’s benefits in auction and to solve the equality which may caused during the bidding process. This research proposed that someone bid one minute before the end of auction, and then the auction time will be extended. In order to avoid auction time limitless extension, so as to figure out both buyer and sellers’ actual and expected price to establish the threshold value for the auction. Only one who bid higher than the threshold value can participate the auction. That is to avoid animus purpose bidding happen, so either buyer or seller can get the maximum profit balance.
C.Lack of effective on price appraise standard for enterprise online bidding purchase: This research proposed that to establish the way of parameter which included quality, delivery date, price, payment term, after-sales service, compensation clause, green mark, etc. The sellers can accumulate the total score and choose the highest one to be their best transaction trade partner.
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Ku, Han-Shun, and 古漢舜. "An Agent-based Negotiation Mechanism for Multi-Resources Scheduling." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36501084795225103165.
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碩士<br>中原大學<br>工業工程研究所<br>90<br>As the complexity of production system increases, vital has become the issue as to how to make the best production scheduling in a multi-resources conflicting environment and to respond to the changes of production environment immediately. This study puts forward a genetic algorithm which could solve NP hard problems when many resources are limited. First, we design for different problems the chromosome representation and the genetic operators of the genetic algorithm, thereby solving resources dynamic configuration problems under resources-limited circumstances; moreover, through experiments we choose a better parameter combination and discuss the performances of the genetic algorithm when evaluated by different indexes. The main evaluation indexes includes: Earliness and Tardiness, Total Setup Time, Makespan, and Profits of scheduled products. This study experiments with the semiconductor testing operations to complete modeling and make the prototype, proving the feasibility and efficiency of the mentioned modeling method by means of actual examples and supplying important instruments to carry out the Negotiation Trade-Offs mechanism. Besides, this study suggests the negotiation procedure based on Negotiation Decision Function for suppliers and demanders to negotiate, adding the Negotiation Trade-Offs mechanism to the process of negotiation so as to achieve a better compromise solution on the whole. This study uses C language to devise as experiments tool of the scheduling system and the negotiation mechanism, and uses Pareto Optimal solution as the evaluation criterion of the results of experiments. The results prove that, in terms of the general benefits of both negotiators, the effects of using the Negotiation Trade-Offs mechanism which is based on Negotiation Decision tactics are obviously better than those of using Negotiation Decision tactics alone. Furthermore, after separately evaluating the performances of Negotiation Trade-Offs under different issue weights, different negotiation tactics, and different weight speculation accuracy, we found that the Negotiation Trade-Offs mechanism can approach to the Pareto Optimal, whatever the circumstances; we also found that the accuracy of predicting opponents’ preferences could significantly influence the distance between the results of negotiations and the Pareto Optimal.
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Chen, Mei-Chung, and 陳美君. "Agent-Based Automatic Negotiation of Technical Agreement in Electronic Business." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86364259424739178247.
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碩士<br>大同大學<br>資訊工程研究所<br>91<br>With the internet develop, the technique has made progress prosperously and industrial structure has made substantial change. It is important that how to use resource effectively and response quickly for enterprise competition.
In the thesis, we follow the Electronic Business XML (ebXML) specification that driven by he United Nations Center for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business (UN/CEFACT) and the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS). The vision of ebXML is to establish framework for global electronic transaction. And it will reduce an obstacle to small and medium enterprise use electronic commerce.
I will implement agent-based negotiation of technical automatic agreement in electronic business. The research is focus on ebXML framework. The CPP document describes ability of business transaction. It will negotiate automatically for create CPA through the technical of agent. The heart of system architecture, negotiation agent, will be constructed by LPA Win-Prolog. The primary functions of agent are match and analysis the CPPs' content. For the difference between two parties' document, give it appropriate evaluation and ideal suggestion.
I hope that through the mechanism system provides will agree with the type of information transmission. For business, this will not only reduce the management costs but also speed up the information processing time.
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Cheng, Wei-Juan, and 鄭維元. "Automated Negotiation in Electronic Marketplace by Mobile Agent-Based Approach." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28571200836208821902.
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碩士<br>國立暨南國際大學<br>資訊管理學系<br>89<br>With the rapid development of the Internet, many corporations are trying to do their business transactions through B2B and E-marketplace. Although these new technologies can reduce agency cost, there are some problems to be resolved. Some of them are how to explore uncertain information and reduce the cost of system development. This paper proposed an architecture adopting the mobile agent and fuzzy membership function technologies to building a E-marketplace, which is automatic negotiation machinery, reducing human cost more flexible.
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Li, Chien-Chang, and 李健滄. "An agent-based platform for drivers and car parks negotiation." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89648261412972065697.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>工業管理系<br>91<br>In modern cities, especially prosperous cities such as that in Taiwan, there is a need for an advanced parking assistant system. This system that is one possible type of intelligent transport system is to provide driver with parking information.
The general parking information system usually ignores the parking price factor and is not able to select optimal car park for driver demand automatically. The parking price has no negotiable space in Taiwan at present and the consumers lose their bargaining position. This will form an unreasonable market behavior.
The aim of this research is to add a negotiable space on parking price and make a strategic decision by adopting the intelligent agent system, then selected optimal car park to driver. The agents have the capability of planning, mobility, execution monitoring and co-ordination. We can utilize these characteristics to build integrated parking assistant system.
The autonomous coordination activities may challenge traditional approaches and call for new paradigms and supporting middleware. We proposed an agent-based co-ordination network that hoped to truly bring benefit to driver. The driver will enjoy the result of the advanced technology in the future.
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Chan, Feng-Ta, and 詹豐達. "A Multi-Agent Negotiation Method Based on Grouping and Argumentation." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19720444378818081770.
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碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>電機工程研究所<br>91<br>In the Multi-agent negotiation and discussion processes, there are many differences between the preferences of the agents and they get conflicts with each other. In order to reach the consensuses and look for the mutually benefits, agents need to resolve the conflicts through negotiation. As far as the viewpoint of politics are concerned, the agents express comments, resolve conflicts, and make decisions could be classified into democracy and half-democracy. In the thesis, we bring up a mixed-democracy negotiation method with the advantages of democracy and half-democracy and improve the disadvantages of them. After we study the other related negotiation methods, we propose our negotiation method and make a comparison with the other methods in a list according to some viewpoints. Negotiation could be seen as a distributed search process, and the search space includes many possible solutions for the conflicts between the agents. In our method, there are two main frameworks to decrease the complexity of negotiation. One is Grouping that gathers the agents have the similar preferences, and concentrates the negotiated issues. The other is Group Discussion that agents can propose their arguments actively to increase the acceptability of solution. In our negotiation method, the hard and soft conflicts would effect the consensus could be made or not. Finally, we implement our negotiation method on meeting scheduling, and express the advantages of our method through the experiment.
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Yeong-Liang, Lai, and 賴勇良. "Analyzing Security in Mobile Agent-Based Negotiation with Artificial Life." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41012336447086996911.
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碩士<br>國立雲林科技大學<br>資訊管理研究所<br>86<br>As the security issues in electronic commerce continuously attract people''s attention, the corresponding issues in mobile agent-based negotiation are also being widely discussed. Computer security literature indicates that, when running at a malicious server, mobile agents can hardly maintain the confidentiality of their codes and data. Consequently, when a buyer''s mobile agent migrates to a seller''s agent server, the seller is capable of acquiring the buyer''s negotiation strategy and tailors his own strategy according. Knowing what may happen, a possible counteraction for the buyer is to mislead the seller by disguising his negotiation strategy before the migration occurs. Because of the possibilities, in order to maximize their respective benefit, the buyer and the seller are likely to choose their trade partners more carefully. The above observation interests us in learning the population behaviors in such a mobile agent-based trade market. We consider the market as a complex coevolutionary system and design a series of experiments in which trade partners are selected on the basis of minimum payoff requirements. The experiment results show that the level of minimum payoff requirement affects population behaviors. When the level is low, buyers and sellers tend to be mutually dishonest. When the level is medium, the occurrences of crashes tend to alternate buyers and sellers between mutual honesty and mutual dishonesty. When the level is high, buyers and sellers tend to be mutually honest. Summarily, that buyers and sellers select on high level is enable to enhance the security in mobile Agent-Based negotiation.
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Chiang, Teng Yung. "Application of Fuzzy Constraint-based Agent Negotiation to Supply Chain Decision." 2004. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0009-0112200611294173.
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Chiang, Teng Yung, and 鄧永強. "Application of Fuzzy Constraint-based Agent Negotiation to Supply Chain Decision." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32128795728489673525.
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碩士<br>元智大學<br>資訊工程學系<br>92<br>In general, a supply chain consists of the raw material supplier, the manufacturer, the distributor, and retailer and the customer. An observation of the interactions among its constituent elements reveals that it contains goals that exhibit conflicts between factories. It also implies a challenge to find the optimal supply chain strategy for a specific company therein. Moreover, while each involved business partner can form a supply chain system due to the existing market competition, it is not easy to maintain the stability in such a system. Even capable of consolidating its collaboration with businesses in the upper and lower streams using its own competitivity, an enterprise still lacks a good negotiation mechanism.
The situations of businesses in a practical supply chain show that all parties compete for their maximum interest in a collaborative scenario. In other words, the negotiation between businesses aims to conclude with an agreeable collaboration. What determines the value is that instead of leaving one party as the sole winner or loser, the outcome of negotiation creates a situation in which all are winners. Namely, the negotiation starts from the viewpoint of collaboration and proceeds with each party competing with a communal objective for the strategy that can offer it the maximum interest. As a result, this study utilizes Fuzzy constraint-based negotiation to resolve the conflicts among businesses. Furthermore, the technique of Agent is introduced into the simulated negotiation to find the balance point between businesses, and meanwhile effectively screen each practical plan to swiftly obtain a most appropriate and optimal decision plan.
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Sung, Chih-Lun, and 宋芷倫. "Proposal Strategies Used by Agent Based Concurrent Negotiation-A Simulation Study." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00459069428207821228.
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碩士<br>淡江大學<br>資訊管理學系碩士班<br>97<br>Negotiation is complicated since it requires diverse considerations in its overall process. In a scenario of one buyer and several sellers’ negotiation, the buyer needs to consider the opposite proposals from all the sellers concurrently to make the next decision. In this research, we study four different negotiation tactics to integrate and analyze the various opposite proposals. They are (1) best value integration (2) average value integration (3) independent attribute best value integration (4) average concession integration. Multiple automatic agents were built to run simulation to analyze the behavior of those proposed negotiation tactics. Instead of utility function, this agent uses value function to support the negotiation process. In concurrent negotiation, the tactic-average value integration will cause a higher fail rate, and the value of the value function for the buyer is the lowest. We also found using the concurrent negotiation integration tactics can provide the buyer a better result.
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Kuo, Chien-Nan, and 郭建男. "A Multi-agent Cooperative Negotiation Mechanism in Mobile Agent-based Commerce Environment - The Design and Implementation." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00028398067986162149.
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碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>資訊管理系碩士班<br>89<br>Over the past few years, electronic commerce has been developed prosperously. There have been a lot of research and applications on it. In order to reduce the trade cost between buyers and sellers, agent technique has been utilized to develop environment for automatic commerce. Besides, mobile agent technique provided the mobility for agents in the network. On the basis of the above issues, this research developed an e-Marketplace system for mobile agents. In this system, the buyers assigned agents to search the goods information and dispatched agents to supplier sides and traded with supplier agents. In order to work efficiently, this search utilized multiple buyer agents to trade cooperatively and simultaneously. In other words, the buyer assigned multiple buyer agents to trade with supplier agents simultaneously according to the amount of supplier agents. For the negotiation in electronic commerce, it needed to exchange the information between buyers and sellers to reach to an agreement. In order to simulate the negotiation in the real world, this research utilized fuzzy inference to evaluate the proposals of suppliers for one buyer to multiple suppliers. For the application domain, the research took the tourism as an application domain to develop the e-Marketplace system. For example, a travel agency could utilize agents to make room reservations with hotel. This research purposed to provide an architecture and cooperative negotiation in the e-Marketplace for the tourism application.
This research had three major achievements:
(1) Constructing a B2B e-Marketplace system for mobile agents to providing a flexible and efficient architecture of system; Applying the tourism as an application domain to develop the e-Marketplace system.
(2) Developing an asynchronous cooperative negotiation mechanism for buyer to assign multiple agents to trade with supplier agents simultaneously in order to raise the efficiency of system.
(3) Utilizing fuzzy inference to evaluate the proposals of suppliers during negotiation in order to fit in with humans.
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Wo, ChungHan, and 吳宗翰. "Agent-based Automatic Supply and Demand Negotiation System for Supply Chain Management." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28874516927105316382.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>工業工程學研究所<br>90<br>This research is to analyze and design an agent-based automatic supply and demand negotiation system for supply chain management. In addition, agent builder will be used to implement and verify the proposed system. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) will be used to build a complete Object-oriented Model for developing agent-based negotiation system. Therefore, object-oriented system analysis and design techniques will be heavily used in this research. Extra efforts will be delivered to extract design patterns from the object-oriented model. The developed deign patterns will be used or adapted to implement general agent systems that have negotiation mechanisms embedded.
Effectiveness indices to evaluate the agent-based system will be explored and studied. Good effectiveness indices should reflect the merits of using agent-based systems, in contrast to manual systems. Different scenarios will be specified and simulated on the developed virtual supply chain system for notebook computers.
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Chen, Yi-chun, and 陳怡君. "Oracle Learning for Agent Negotiation Based on Rationality in Task Reallocation Problems." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78264207742641099689.
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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>資訊工程學系<br>101<br>Task allocation with a contract net protocol is an important issue in multi-agent system. The OCSM contracts protocol has been proposed and it has a good property on that its guarantee of global optimality has already been proved. However, without a proper an oracle to provide guideline of selection of the strategies at proper problem solving situation, the reachability of the optimal allocation solution still has some difficulty. A method to find the oracle, the guide, to agents who can help to reduce the needed number of steps of negotiation that can lead to the optimal allocation solution from any random initial assignment of task allocation is proposed in this thesis. The Oracle Learning method we proposed in this thesis is a method that is divided into several sub-mechanisms, each of which is designed to solve every detailed sub-problem in modeling the task (re)-allocation problem. And we show how each sub-problem can be solved and how the complexity of the optimal solution finding in this problem can be reduced. Then, through experiments, the performance of problem solving, the needed numbers of negotiation steps and the applicability of the method on different scale of problems were evaluated. We conclude the method can really help to get a good result in reducing the needed number of steps of negotiation and can really give a proper negotiation guide in each assignment of task allocation since its sub-mechanisms answers questions that an Oracle needs to answer. Thus, the computational complexity of OCSM negotiation mechanism in task re-allocation problem has a great reduction.
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Shih-Chang, Wang. "Online Resolution of Schedule Conflicts with an Agent-Based Evolutionary Compensatory Negotiation Model." 2006. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0009-0812200608205400.
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HSU, Chao-Chieh, and 許朝傑. "Agent-Based Simulation Study on Effect of Negotiation Strategies on ementing NIMBY Facility." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59220368354494168571.
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碩士<br>長榮大學<br>土地管理與開發學系碩士班<br>96<br>In this research, a computer model to simulate the effect of negotiation strategies on implementing not-in-my-back-yard facility was constructed. The different strategies in responding to different scenarios applied by the public and private sectors were encoded in the agent-based model. Under the sum of the public and private sectors’ payoffs as the net social benefit, fixed number and infinitely repeated games were executed.
The results of computer simulation and field experiment are almost the same. However, the initial probabilities of cooperation for private sectors and trigger punishment strategy have to be given in computer model and small variations of the initial condition produce large variations in the long term behavior of the model. The sensitive dependence on initial conditions—the hallmark of chaotic behavior was discussed.
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Wang, Chien-Hsiang, and 王建翔. "A Study of Agent-Based Automated Business Negotiation under an Electronic Commerce Environment." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67341954424163754279.
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碩士<br>中原大學<br>工業工程研究所<br>90<br>When the Internet is getting popular, the trend of shopping through electronic commerce store on the Internet is also increasing. At present, consumers shop on web stores, either it lacks a negotiation mechanism, or the negotiation process still needs the help of a human begin. The purpose of this study is to develop a many-to-one negotiation system using the agent-based technology. In this research, we use a negotiation function, then consumers can automatically negotiate without human interface. Also, using the agent asynchronous transfer characteristics, consumers could reduce the time for transaction. In addition, this study divides electronic commerce into eight commerce models according to four factors: number of buyers, number of sellers, kinds of products, and amount of products. We modify the negotiation functions with two tactics. First, this study discusses all kinds of tactics among buyers and sellers. Second, we do a sensitivity analysis with the four factors. Third, we analyze the negotiation model with either of competition or cooperation among multi-buyers and multi-sellers. Finally, we discuss the negotiation model for different weight distributions.
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Chiu, Chuan-Feng, and 邱川峰. "An Integrated Negotiation and Recommendation System based on Intelligent Software Agent in Electronic Commerce." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23629652347487748222.
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博士<br>淡江大學<br>資訊工程學系<br>90<br>The Internet has become a popular medium for information exchange and knowledge delivery. Traditional buying and selling activities also follow the trend, therefore the commerce activities have moved to electronic commerce. However, even with the advents of the World Wide Web, online merchants must know what users want and to increase the sales revenue. So, providing recommendation services is an important strategy for the merchants. We analyze users’ on-line behavior and interests, and recommend to them new or potential products and the analysis mechanism is based on the correlation among customers, product items, and product features. On the other hand the negotiation is another issue in electronic commerce. When parties participate the business activities, they would negotiate with each other to make the best gain with their purpose. We use the multi-attribute utility theory to design the negotiation process. Hence, we combine the negotiation and recommendation service and propose the integrated system to serve users. But these kinds of task are hard to process for users, so we take advantage of intelligent software agent technology to develop the system and the integrated system will play an important application in the future commerce activities.
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XU, SHI-ZHAN, and 徐士展. "A Mediator-based Agent Negotiation Method for Scheduling Services in a Smart Home System." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3595zu.
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碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>電機工程研究所<br>106<br>There may be more than one users using a smart home system, and each one has personal preferences. In a resource-constrained environment, conflicts of service requirements occur when multiple users want to use the same device at the same time. To solve the conflicts, we apply an agent negotiation method to coordinate the use of devices. However, if the users insist on sticking to their opinions, it leads to several problems. For example, the overlong time of negotiation, negotiation breakdown, and ignoring the similar service provider. These may result in decreased user satisfaction. In this thesis, we have embedded a mediator agent in our smart home system to overcome such shortcomings. In this system, we suggest the users with some alternative devices to select for scheduling the use of devices and to solve the problem mentioned above to enhance the user satisfaction.
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Chang, Hsu Kai, and 張栩愷. "Knowledge Based Approach to Multiple Issues Negotiation in Business-to-Business Agent Mediated Electronic Commerce." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65541465640217840401.
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碩士<br>大同大學<br>資訊工程研究所<br>89<br>In recent years, many researchers have focused on the design of market architectures for electronic commerce, while others have focused on protocols governing the interaction of self-interested intelligent agents engaged in such transactions. However, existing architectures for multi-agent virtual markets typically leave the actual negotiation to the agents themselves, or even to the people themselves. The actual negotiation process may looks simple at first glance, there are stages that are difficult and complicated. The most important parts in a negotiation process are bid formulation and bid evaluation. To make both steps as automatic and efficient as possible, real world knowledge and tactics are required.
In this thesis, I proposed an infrastructure with a negotiation engine which includes a knowledge base, preference profile, utility function and a negotiation engine handler. The heart of the negotiation engine, knowledge base, will be constructed by LPA Win-Prolog to capture the knowledge and tactics required in a negotiation process. It helps the user agent in bid formulation.
The utility function and constraint satisfaction problem techniques will also be applied in the system to work with the knowledge base to achieve a better result. The main function they provides will be the bid evaluation.
The preference profile is used to store the user agent's predefined attributes which determines the negotiation tactics used and aid the negotiation handler in the final decision making on bid's acceptance.
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Chen, Shen Chien, and 陳慎謙. "Implementation of intelligent agent-based using fuzzy expert system with application to online price negotiation." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14500667598269875571.
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碩士<br>國立高雄師範大學<br>工業科技教育學系<br>96<br>The purpose of this study is to implement an online price negotiation system where a buyer can conduct a price negation process with a seller and instantly get his negotiated price. Based on the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern, we designed an intelligent agent-based system for price negotiation using a fuzzy expert system. During implementing the system, we followed the principles of designing intelligent agents with four abilities: reaction, computation, judgment, and decision. We used Unified Modeling Language (UML) as the system analysis and design tool. We also designed a computer package to implement the fuzzy expert system using Java programming language. The computer package is modularized into different components based on the software engineering theory. The fuzzy expert system has been validated by an existing commercial software package within an error rate of 2 percent. Finally, we established an e-commerce website for trading merchandises with the proposed price negotiation system. Three intelligent agents were built for the price negation system including a seller agent, buyer agent, and mediator agent. We also conducted an experiment to evaluate the satisfactions of using the price negotiation system. The evaluation results showed that the users have high satisfactions in their trading prices obtained by the proposed system.