Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Agent représentatif'
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Semenov, Andrei. "Intertemporal utility models for asset pricing : reference levels and individual heterogeneity." Thèse, [Montréal] : Université de Montréal, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/umontreal/fullcit?pNQ92724.
Full text"Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Philosophiae Doctor (Ph.D.) en sciences économiques" Version électronique également disponible sur Internet.
Scherrer, Bruno. "Apprentissage de représentation et auto-organisation modulaire pour un agent autonome." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003377.
Full textNous avons considéré trois problèmes de complexité croissante et montré qu'ils admettaient des solutions algorithmiques connexionnistes : 1) L'apprentissage par renforcement dans un petit espace d'états : nous nous appuyons sur un algorithme de la littérature pour construire un réseau connexionniste ; les paramètres du problème sont stockés par les poids des unités et des connexions et le calcul du plan est le résultat d'une activité distribuée dans le réseau. 2) L'apprentissage d'une représentation pour approximer un problème d'apprentissage par renforcement ayant un grand espace d'états : nous automatisons le procédé consistant à construire une partition de l'espace d'états pour approximer un problème de grande taille. 3) L'auto-organisation en modules spécialisés pour approximer plusieurs problèmes d'apprentissage par renforcement ayant un grand espace d'états : nous proposons d'exploiter le principe "diviser pour régner" et montrons comment plusieurs tâches peuvent être réparties efficacement sur un petit nombre de modules fonctionnels spécialisés.
Mazuel, Laurent. "Traitement de l'hétérogénéité sémantique dans les interactions humain-agent et agent-agent." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00413004.
Full textLa plupart des approches segmentent ce traitement en fonction de l'émetteur de la demande (humain ou agent). Nous pensons au contraire qu'il est possible de proposer un modèle d'interaction commun aux deux situations. Ainsi, nous présentons d'abord un algorithme d'interprétation sémantique de la commande indépendant du type d'interaction (humain-agent ou agent-agent). Cet algorithme considère le rapport entre « ce qui est compris » de la commande et « ce qui est possible » pour la machine. Ce rapport intervient dans un système de sélection de réponses basé sur une mesure de degré de relation sémantique. Nous proposons ensuite une telle mesure, conçue pour prendre en compte plus d'informations que la plupart des mesures actuelles.
Nous étudions ensuite les implémentations que nous avons faites dans les cadres humain-agent et agent-agent. Pour l'implémentation humain-agent, l'une des spécificités est l'utilisation d'une langue naturelle, impliquant le besoin d'utiliser des outils de modélisation de la langue. Pour l'implémentation agent-agent, nous proposerons une adaptation de notre architecture, en s'appuyant sur des protocoles d'interactions entre agents.
Trouilhet, Sylvie. "Représentation et traitement des connaissances sociales chez l'agent : application à l'environnement multi-agent SYNERGIC." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30131.
Full textBroth, Mathias. "Agents secrets : Le public dans la construction interactive de la représentation théâtrale." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Romanska institutionen, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-1400.
Full textGandon, Fabien. "Distributed artificial intelligence and knowledge management : ontologies and multi-agent systems for a corporate semantic web." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE5773.
Full textCe travail concerne les systèmes multi-agents pour la gestion d'un web sémantique d'entreprise basé sur une ontologie. Il a été effectué dans le cadre du projet Européen CoMMA se focalisant sur deux scénarios d'application: l'assistance aux activités de veille technologique et l'aide à l'insertion d'un nouvel employé dans une organisation. Trois aspects ont essentiellement été développés dans ce travail: la conception d'une architecture multi-agents assistant les deux scénarios, et l'approche organisationnelle descendante adoptée pour identifier les sociétés, les rôles et les interactions des agents. La construction de l'ontologie O'CoMMA et la structuration de la mémoire organisationnelle en exploitant les technologies du Web sémantique. La conception et l'implantation (a) des sous-sociétés d'agents chargées de la maintenance des annotations et de l'ontologie et (b) des protocoles supportant ces deux groupes d'agents, en particulier des techniques pour la distribution des annotations et des requêtes entre les agents
Carlier, David. "Représentation permanente, coordonnée par une carte à microprocesseur, d'un utilisateur mobile." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-27.pdf.
Full textAhmed, Atiq. "Continuity of service in heterogeneous wireless networks with multi-agent systems." Troyes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TROY0014.
Full textMaking an appropriate handover decision and a proper network selection are key issues in next generation networks. A traditional way to make a handover decision and select a target access network is based on the received signal strength (RSS). But it is not sufficient to meet the user and application needs. Some existing schemes have used multi-criteria for handover decision, there are still several problems un-solved. An intelligent technique is needed for handover to be performed with service continuity and quality of service. This thesis presents a multi-agent based scheme for vertical hand-over. We introduce the agents in the mobile nodes and access points for collecting the in-formation from the environment for handover decision. A knowledge plane is proposed that keeps the knowledge needed for handover. Based on this knowledge, agents anticipate the handover to reduce the handover delay and packet loss. We have defined three agent behaviors (Monitoring, Decision, and Selection) that help handover anticipation. Monitoring is used to collect the information needed for handover. Agents in the MNs and the APs ex-change this information to create their situated views. The role of the decision behavior is to decide to execute a handover or not. It is based on the RSS threshold value and/or can be activated because of some application needs. Net-work selection is responsible of choosing the best network from the available ones in the knowledge-base by a selection function. The proposed approach has been evaluated using simulations
Taoum, Joanna. "MEMORIA, un Modèle de rEprésentation de la MémOire de l'appRenant pour les systèmes tutoriels Intelligents et Adaptatifs." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0117/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we present MEMORIA, a model of the learner’s memory representation for adaptive and intelligent tutoring systems. The main contribution of this model is a formalization and an implementation of the learner's model using memories that store the information perceived by the learner in a virtual environment and the instructions given by the tutor. The design of our model is based on the four classic components of an intelligent tutorial system.The domain model is represented by the domain knowledge that is formalized using MASCARET. In order to make the interactions between the tutor and the learner natural, we represent the interface model through an embodied conversational agent using GRETA. The learner's model is made of all the knowledge acquired by the learner during the simulation. This knowledge is organized into three memories: sensory memory, working memory, and long-term memory. Our major challenge is to formalize the encoding of information in these memories, as well as the data flow between them.This formalization is based on the theory of human memory proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin and inspired by the cognitive architecture ACT-R. Our proposed tutor model focuses on the realization of a behavior that adapts the execution of the pedagogical scenario according to the learner's knowledge and the interactions with the tutor. An experimental study was conducted to validate our model. We compared two groups of participants. In the first group, we integrated an adaptive tutor using our model which adapts the execution of the pedagogical scenario and in the second group, a non-adaptive tutor who applied a fixed pedagogical scenario. The results of this study allow us to conclude on the effectiveness of our model for procedural learning
Bredèche, Nicolas. "Ancrage de lexique et perceptions : changements de représentation et apprentissage dans le contexte d'un agent situé et mobile." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112225.
Full textIn Artificial Intelligence, the symbol grounding problem is considered as an important issue regarding the meaning of symbols used by an artificial agent. Our work is concerned with the grounding of symbols for a situated mobile robot that navigates through a real world environment. In this setting, the main problem the robot encounters is to ground symbols given by a human teacher that refers to physical entities (e. G. A door, a human, etc. ). Grounding such a lexicon is a difficult task because of the intrinsic nature of the environment: it is dynamic, complex and noisy. Moreover, one specific symbol (e. G. "door") may refer to different physical objects in size, shape or colour while the robot may acquire only a small number of examples for each symbol. Also, it is not possible to rely on ad-hoc physical models of symbols due to the great number of symbols that may be grounded. Thus, the problem is to define how to build a grounded representation in such a context. In order to address this problem, we have reformulated the symbol grounding problem as a supervised learning problem. We present an approach that relies on the use of abstraction operators. Thanks to these operators, information on granularity and structural configuration is extracted from the perceptions in order to case the building of an anchor. For each symbol, the appropriate definition for these operators is found out thanks to successive changes of representation that provide an efficient and adapted anchor. In order to implement our approach, we have developed PLIC and WMplic which are successfully used for long term symbol grounding by a PIONEER2 DX mobile robot in the corridors of the Computer Sciences Lab of the University of Paris 6
Pierre, Denis. "Formulation et maintenance d'une théorie hypothétique par un agent apprenant." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20082.
Full textLeman, Stéphane. "Tremma : transfert d'expertise avec un modèle multi-agents : un modèle multi-agents pour la représentation dynamique des connaissances et des raisonnements d'un apprenant." La Réunion, 1996. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/96_Leman.pdf.
Full textAbrilian, Sarkis. "Représentation de comportements emotionnels multimodaux spontanés : perception, annotation et synthèse." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00620827.
Full textAfoutni, Zoubida. "Un modèle multi-agents pour la représentation de l'action située basé sur l'affordance et la stigmergie." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0027/document.
Full textSimulation modelling of complex systems nowadays is an ideal solution to get a good understanding of these systems. In effect, compared with real experiments in the field of studies considered, virtual experiments allow one to quickly answer questions about these systems and provide solutions within a delay well adapted to their actual context. This thesis deals with the issue of human action representation, accounting with its temporal and spatial dimensions at individual and collective levels. This question has already been addressed in the field of Artificial intelligence in general and in the one of Agricultural systems in particular, the latter being the application domain of this thesis. The models proposed to date were mainly based upon the theory of planned action, explicitly accounting with the temporal dimension of action only. The main limits of these models lie in their complexity, because the ability to predict all future changes in actors' behaviors is far too difficult. This difficulty leads to the need of frequently re-planning the course of actions in order to get consistent results. The second drawback lies in the discrepancy that may arise between the results of simulated actions and actual observations. In effect, real actors do not realize systematically the actions they forecast according to the situations they actually encounter. In order to overcome the limits of planning models, we developed a model of human action based on the theory of situated action. Action is there viewed as a process endowed with a temporal thickness and emerging from the situations created by the interaction, through time and space, between the actor and its environment. Our model combines the concepts of affordance and stigmergy as well as the notion of emergence. Therefore we propose a multi-agents system within which space is explicitly represented and partitioned into a set of “places”. The control of each place is left to an abstract agent standing for an observer capable of detecting the affordances occurring on its place and trigger appropriate actions. Actors as well as passive objects are represented as “environmental entities”. These entities carry information about their capacity of performing or undergoing actions. This information allows the agents to detect affordances thanks to the meta-knowledge they hold. Once detected, these affordances are reified in the environment to be used to determine the action that will eventually be executed. Coordination of actions, at the collective level, is performed through stigmergy: the agents communicate implicitly between them using a set of marks as a metaphor of pheromons in ant colonies. To prove the relevance of the proposed model, a software prototype, applied to the domain of agricultural production systems, has been implemented with the simulation platform AnyLogic
Bonzon, Elise. "Modélisation des interactions entre agents rationnels : les jeux booléens." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00239294.
Full textCes trois restrictions (deux joueurs, somme nulle, préférences binaires) limitent fortement l'expressivité de ce cadre. Les deux premières restrictions peuvent être facilement résolues en définissant les préférences des agents comme étant un n-uplet de formules propositionnelles (une pour chaque agent). Des outils simples issus de la logique propositionnelle nous permettent ainsi de caractériser certaines propriétés du jeu. Deux autres notions ont alors été étudiées : la dépendance entre joueurs (si le but (et donc la satisfaction) d'un joueur i dépend de variables contrôlées par le joueur j, alors i aura besoin de j pour satisfaire son but) et les coalitions de joueurs (une coalition dans un jeu booléen est efficace si elle peut garantir à tous ses membres que leurs buts sont satisfaits). Dans les deux cas, l'objectif est de faciliter le calcul des concepts de solution tels que les équilibres de Nash en stratégies pures.
Lever la troisième restriction consiste à exprimer des préférences (non binaires) dans un cadre propositionnel. Cela est possible en utilisant un langage de représentation compacte de préférences. Nous avons integré ici deux de ces langages aux jeux booléens : tout d'abord, les buts à priorité puis les CP-nets.
Razo, Ruvalcaba Luis Alfonso. "Meta-analysis applied to Multi-agent Software Engineering." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENM107/document.
Full textFrom a general point of view this thesis addresses an automatic path to build a solution choosing a compatible set of building blocks to provide such a solution to solve a given problem. To create the solution it is considered the compatibility of each available building block with the problem and also the compatibility between each building block to be employed within a solution all together. In the particular perspective of this thesis the building blocks are meta-models and the given problem is a description of a problem that can be solved using software using a multi-agent system paradigm. The core of the thesis proposal is the creation of a process based on a multi-agent system itself. Such a process analyzes the given problem and the available meta-models then it matches both and thus it suggests one possible solution (based on meta-models) for the problem. Nevertheless if no solution is found it also indicates that the problem can not be solved through this paradigm using the available meta-models. The process addressed by the thesis consists of the following main steps: (1) Through a process of characterization the problem description is analyzed in order to locate the solution domain and therefore employ it to choose a list of most domain compatible meta-models as candidates. (2) There are required also meta-model characterization that evaluate each meta-model performance within each considered domain of solution. (3) The matching step is built over a multi-agent system where each agent represents a candidate meta-model. Within this multi-agent system each agent interact with each other in order to find a group of suitable meta-models to represent a solution. Each agent use as criteria the compatibility between their represented candidate meta-model with the other represented meta-models. When a group is found the overall compatibility with the given problem is evaluated. Finally each agent has a solution group. Then these groups are compared between them in order to find the most suitable to solve the problem and then to decide the final group. This thesis focuses on providing a process and a prototype tool to solve the last step. Therefore the proposed path has been created using several concepts from meta-analysis, cooperative artificial intelligence, Bayesian cognition, uncertainty, probability and statistics
Ksontini, Feirouz. "Modèle d'agent fondé sur les affordances : application à la simulation de trafic routier." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VALE0027/document.
Full textThe work described in this thesis aims to improve the validity of traffic simulations in urban and suburban areas. We propose to consider the driving context, the heterogeneity of vehicles (motorized two-wheelers, vehicle, truck, etc.) and the driver behavior in terms of space occupation. The purpose is to produce in simulation the observed real world phenomena such as faufilement behavior (two-wheelers, emergency vehicles, cases of intersections). We address the traffic simulation byconsidering a behavioral approach based on multi-agent systems. Previous work have proposed non- generic solutions, for the particular case of motorized two-wheelers. We propose a new agent model to better take into account the context of driving and driver behavior in terms of space occupation. We endow agent driver with an ego-centered representation of the environment based on the concept of affordances. We use the affordances to identify the possible actions, in terms of space occupation, afforded by environment. The proposed agent model was implemented with ArchiSim. This implementation has allowed to reproduce a real traffic situation and to compare the results to real data. Different experiments were conducted to assess the quality of the proposed solution
Simonnot, Brigitte. "Modélisation multi-agents d'un système de recherche d'information multimédia à forte composante vidéo." Nancy 1, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1996_0017_SIMONNOT.pdf.
Full textMeyer, Gautier. "Formalisation logique de préférences qualitatives pour la sélection de la réaction d'un agent rationnel dialoguant." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00321676.
Full textAfin d'autoriser une spécification intuitive des préférences, nous supposons que les informations "initiales" sont des comparaisons entres des propriétés que peuvent vérifier les différentes alternatives. Ces comparaisons vérifient les principes d'expansion, de transitivité, et de Ceteris Paribus. De plus, elles sont spécifiées par points de vue éventuellement contradictoires et telles que deux propriétés quelconques sont jugées indifférentes par défaut.
Afin de départager un grand nombre d'alternatives et en particulier pour dépasser une limite de l'hypothèse Ceteris Paribus, nous proposons d'étendre ces informations via une phase dite "d'extension" en considérant chaque préférence (dite "primitive") comme un argument pour départager les alternatives.
Afin de gérer les contradictions entre points de vue, nous formalisons l'introduction d'une étape dite "d'agrégation". Cette dernière permet, via un mécanisme d'élection, de générer une unique préférence "globale".
Enfin, nous proposons une voie pour intégrer notre travail au modèle logique d'agent rationnel proposée par Sadek ainsi qu'une manière pour utiliser nos préférences conjointement avec d'autres types d'informations sur la désirabilité.
Bikova, Dafina. "Les spécificités en matière de représentation commerciale du droit bulgare par rapport au droit français." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10048.
Full textCaridroit, Thomas. "Changement de croyances et logiques modales." Thesis, Artois, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ARTO0402/document.
Full textBelief change is about finding appropriate ways to evolve an agent's beliefs when confronted with new pieces of information. In most works on belief revision, the set of beliefs of an agent is composed of beliefs about the environment (the world) and is represented by a set of formulas of classical logic. In many applications, an agent is not alone in the environment, but sharing with other agents, which also have beliefs. Thus beliefs about the beliefs of other agents are an important piece of information for the agent in order to be able to make the best decisions and perform the best actions. The use of beliefs about the beliefs of other agents is, for exampel, crucial in game theory. In this thesis, we first study the operators of propositional contraction corresponding to the revision operators proposed by Katsuno and Mendelzon. Then, we study a connection between epistemic logics and belief change theory, close to the AGM approach. We are interested in the use of operators that modify agent beliefs in standard KD45n models. This task is more complicated than in the standard AGM framework because, in a multi-agent context, new information can take different forms. For example, each new information can be observed/transmitted/available to all agents or only some of them
Pariollaud, Fanelly. "Verbes, agents et patients : questions de sémantique : étude de verbes de relations interpersonnelles." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT5018.
Full textThe verb, excluded a long time from semantic research, is only recently considered as denoting an action-concept. This work aimed to study verbs under a semantic approach and to determine if a verb rapidly activates semantic knowledge of its patient and agent thematic roles. Action-concepts organization is questioned jointly with verbs processing by an experimental study of interpersonal verbs. Lexical decision task paradigm, used here, revealed an automatic activation of the priviledge -nonassociated - agent representation durgin verbs' on-line processing. Although a same methodology was used for the patients and agents, the results obtained were non identical : patient preferred representation had been only actived when strategic processes were engaged. So, if verb-agent link can be reasonably considered as purely semantic, the verb-patient one should be thought as being semantico-associative
Le, Page Patrick. "Analyse des relations clients-fournisseurs par une approche multi-agent." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ESAE0016.
Full textBarange, Mukesh. "Task-oriented communicative capabilities of agents in collaborative virtual environments for training." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0013/document.
Full textGrowing needs of educational and training requirements motivate the use of collaborative virtual environments for training (CVET) that allows human users to work together with autonomous agents to perform a collective activity. The vision is inspired by the fact that the effective coordination improves productivity, and reduces the individual and team errors. This work addresses the issue of establishing and maintaining the coordination in a mixed human-agent teamwork in the context of CVET. The objective of this research is to provide human-like conversational behavior of the virtual agents in order to cooperate with a user and other agents to achieve shared goals.We propose a belief-desire-intention (BDI) like Collaborative Conversational agent architecture(C2BDI) that treats both deliberative and conversational behaviors uniformly as guided by the goal-directed shared activity. We put forward an integrated model of coordination which is founded on the shared mental model based approaches to establish coordination in a human-agent teamwork. We argue that natural language interaction between team members can affect and modify the individual and shared mental models of the participants. Finally, we describe the cultivation of coordination in a mixed human-agent teamwork through natural language conversation. In order to establish the strong coupling between decision making and the collaborative conversational behavior of the agent, we propose first, the Mascaret based semantic modeling of human activities and the VE, and second, the information state based context model. This representation allows the treatment of semantic knowledge of the collaborative activity and virtual environment, and information exchanged during the dialogue conversation in a unified manner. This knowledge can be used by the agent for multiparty natural language processing (understanding and generation) in the context of the CEVT. To endow the communicative capabilities to C2BDI agent, we put forward the information state based approach for the natural language processing of the utterances. We define collaborative conversation protocols that ensure the coordination between team members. Finally, in this thesis, we propose a decision making mechanism, which is inspired by the BDI based approach and provides the interleaving between deliberation and conversational behavior of the agent. We have applied the proposed architecture to three different scenarios in the CVET. We found that the multiparty collaborative conversational behavior of C2BDI agent is more constructive and facilitates the user to effectively coordinate with other team members to perform a shared task
Novaro, Arianna. "Collective decision-making with goals." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30179.
Full textAgents having to take a collective decision are often motivated by individual goals. In such scenarios, two key aspects need to be addressed. The first is defining how to select a winning alternative from the expressions of the agents. The second is making sure that agents will not manipulate the outcome. Agents should also be able to state their goals in a way that is expressive, yet not too burdensome. This dissertation studies the aggregation and the strategic component of multi-agent collective decisions where the agents use a compactly represented language. The languages we study are all related to logic: from propositional logic, to generalized CP-nets and linear temporal logic (LTL). Our main contribution is the introduction of the framework of goal-based voting, where agents submit individual goals expressed as formulas of propositional logic. Classical aggregation functions from voting, judgment aggregation, and belief merging are adapted to this setting and studied axiomatically and computationally. Desirable axiomatic properties known in the literature of social choice theory are generalized to this new type of propositional input, as well as the standard complexity problems aimed at determining the result. Another important contribution is the study of the aggregation of generalized CP-nets coming from multiple agents, i.e., CP-nets where the precondition of the preference statement is a propositional formula. We use different aggregators to obtain a collective ordering of the possible outcomes. Thanks to this thesis, two lines of research are thus bridged: the one on the aggregation of complete CP-nets, and the one on the generalization of CP-nets to incomplete preconditions. We also contribute to the study of strategic behavior in both collective decision-making and game-theoretic settings. The framework of goal-based voting is studied again under the assumption that agents can now decide to submit an untruthful goal if by doing so they can get a better outcome. The focus is on three majoritarian voting rules which are found to be manipulable. Therefore, we study restrictions on both the language of the goals and on the strategies allowed to the agents to discover islands of strategy-proofness. We also present a game-theoretic extension of a recent model of opinion diffusion over networks of influence. In the influence games defined here, agents hold goals expressed as formulas of LTL and they can choose whether to use their influence power to make sure that their goal is satisfied. Classical solution concepts such as weak dominance and winning strategy are studied for influence games, in relation to the structure of the network and the goals of the agents. Finally, we introduce a novel class of concurrent game structures (CGS) in which agents can have shared control over a set of propositional variables. Such structures are used for the interpretation of formulas of alternating-time temporal logic, thanks to which we can express the existence of a winning strategy for an agent in a repeated game (as, for instance, the influence games mentioned above). The main result shows by means of a clever construction that a CGS with shared control can be represented as a CGS with exclusive control. In conclusion, this thesis provides a valuable contribution to the field of collective decision-making by introducing a novel framework of voting based on individual propositional goals, it studies for the first time the aggregation of generalized CP-nets, it extends a framework of opinion diffusion by modelling rational agents who use their influence power as they see fit, and it provides a reduction of shared to exclusive control in CGS for the interpretation of logics of strategic reasoning. By using different logical languages, agents can thus express their goals and preferences over the decision to be taken, and desirable properties of the decision process can be ensured
Loyer-Lemercier, Marie-Julie. "L' intermédiaire contractuel." Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020070.
Full textHarkouken, Saiah Kenza. "Etude et définition de mécanismes sémantiques dans les environnements virtuels pour améliorer la crédibilité comportementale des agents : utilisation d'ontologies de services." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066690/document.
Full textThis work is part of the Terra Dynamica project whose objective was to populate a virtual city with agents that simulate pedestrians and vehicles. The aim of our work is to make agents which understand their environment so they can produce credible behaviors The first proposed solutions for the semantic modeling of virtual environments still keep a link with the pre-existing graphic representation of the environment. However, the semantic information represented in this kind of approach is difficult to use by the agents to perform complex reasoning procedures outside the navigation algorithms. In this thesis we present a semantic representation model of the environment that provides the agents with data on the use of environmental objects in order to allow the decision mechanism to produce credible behaviors. Furthermore, in response to the constraints that are inherent to the urban simulation, our approach is capable of handling a large number of agents in real time. Our model is based on the principle that environmental objects provide services for performing actions with different qualities. We have therefore represented the semantic information of the objects related to their use, as services in an ontology of services. We used this ontology of services to calculate a QoS which allows us to sort the different objects which all perform the same action. Thus, we can compare between the services offered by different objects in order to provide the agents with the best objects that allow them to carry out their actions and exhibit behavioral credibility. To assess the impact of our model on the credibility of the produced behaviors, we defined an evaluation protocol for the semantic representation of virtual environment models. In this protocol, observers must assess the credibility of behaviors produced by the simulator using a semantic model of the environment. Through this evaluation, we show that our model can simulate agents whose behavior is deemed credible by human observers. We also present a qualitative assessment of the ability of our model to scale and meet the constraints of a real-time simulation. This evaluation allowed us to show that the characteristics of the architecture of our model allow us to respond in a reasonable amount of time to requests from a large number of agents
Dillmann, François-Xavier. "Les Magiciens dans l'Islande ancienne : études sur la représentation de la magie islandaise et de ses agents dans les sources littéraires norroises." Caen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CAEN1005.
Full textAfter dealing with the magical phenomenon in the old icelandic commonwealth (first part, this doctoral thesis studies the anthropological (physical and psychical) characteristics of the icelandic magicians and wizards, and discusses the question about the existence of chamanism in the old norse literary sources (second part). The third part is composed of a sociological description of the icelandic magicians: juridical, economical and social (with a discussion about the profession of magician) situation, ethnical geographical origins, dwelling forms, family life and sexual behaviour, and social relationship
Ghurbhurn, Rahee. "Intégration de données à partir de connaissances : une approche multi-agent pour la gestion des changements." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785415.
Full textVercouter, Laurent. "Conception et mise en oeuvre de systèmes multi-agents ouverts et distribués." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839604.
Full textBarouni, Foued. "Using spatiotemporal patterns to qualitatively represent and manage dynamic situations of interest : a cognitive and integrative approach." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27291.
Full textDynamic spatiotemporal situations are situations that evolve in space and time. They are part of humans’ daily life. One can be interested in a configuration of situations occurred in the environment and can use it to make decisions. In the literature, such configurations are referred to as “situations of interests” or “spatiotemporal patterns”. In Computer Science, dynamic situations are generated by large scale data acquisition systems which are deployed everywhere thanks to recent technological advances. Spatiotemporal pattern representation is a research subject which gained a lot of attraction from two main research areas. In spatiotemporal analysis, various works extended query languages to represent patterns and to query them from voluminous databases. In Artificial Intelligence, predicate-based models represent spatiotemporal patterns and detect their instances using rule-based mechanisms. Both approaches suffer several shortcomings. For example, they do not allow for representing dynamic and complex spatiotemporal phenomena due to their limited expressiveness. Furthermore, they do not take into account the human’s mental model of the environment in their representation formalisms. This limits the potential of building agent-based solutions to reason about these patterns. In this thesis, we propose a novel approach to represent situations of interest using the concept of spatiotemporal patterns. We use Conceptual Graphs to offer a qualitative representation model of these patterns. Our model is based on the concepts of spatiotemporal events and states to represent dynamic spatiotemporal phenomena. It also incorporates contextual information in order to facilitate building the knowledge base of software agents. Besides, we propose an intelligent proximity tool based on a neuro-fuzzy classifier to support qualitative spatial relations in the pattern model. Finally, we propose a framework to manage spatiotemporal patterns in order to facilitate the integration of our pattern representation model to existing applications in the industry. The main contributions of this thesis are as follows: A qualitative approach to model dynamic spatiotemporal situations of interest using Conceptual Graphs. ; A cognitive approach to represent spatiotemporal patterns by integrating contextual information. ; An automated tool to generate qualitative spatial proximity relations based on a neuro-fuzzy classifier. ; A platform for detection and management of spatiotemporal patterns using an extension of a Complex Event Processing engine.
Vasnier, Kilian. "Evaluation de situations multi-agents à partir d’observations partielles et hétérogènes." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC207.
Full textIn this thesis, we consider the problem of situation awareness, and more specifically, in crisis situation. In the crisis situation field, we are interested primarily in threat assessment in a topographical environment with a graph representation.Situation awareness systems propose mostly a passive acquisition of information and they face two major problematics. Firstly, the heterogeneity of information which describes the environment brings a knowledge representation problem. The second problem is a high temporal complexity due to the large amount of information while this dimension is crucial in crisis situation assessment.We propose an automated situation awareness system (ASAAP system) which tries to mitigate these problems. We present a dynamic environment modelling allowing an analysis of most valuable variables for situation assessment in order to reduce the field of possibilities and maximise the information gain. In the crisis situation field, we also propose to apply our system on a more specific domain, the threat assessment. This contribution allows to define and analyse the threat level of each exposed zones with the capacity of understanding the enemy's strategy by both representing its targets and the path to reach them. Finally, we present a preliminary approach about the optimisation of the coverage of most valuable variables by the sensors to maximise the information gain.We generated scenarios inspired from real situations to evaluate ours approaches in maritime and military field. The ASAAP system results show an improvement in situation awareness in its complexity and by its capacity to describes the enemy's strategy in reasonable time
Boneva, Ralitza. "Réel et représentation à l'épreuve de la fiction dans l'oeuvre de Michael Haneke." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR30072/document.
Full textOur study suggests that during the last two decades, 1989-2009, with Michael Haneke's movies realized for the cinema, decisive innovations appear in the contemporary fiction. New forms upset the narrative, dispute the representation, and reveal what in the conventional fiction became stereotype. New reports between reality and representation, between visible, invisible and unbearable to see, between the instance of the statement and the spectator come into play. New possibilities open on the way to the development of the film fiction. They widen the possibilities for investigation of the reality on the screen
Gandon, Fabien. "INTELLIGENCE ARTIFICIELLE DISTRIBUÉE ET GESTION DES CONNAISSANCES : ONTOLOGIES ET SYSTÈMES MULTI-AGENTS POUR UN WEB SÉMANTIQUE ORGANISATIONNEL." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00378201.
Full textsur une ontologie. Dans le projet CoMMA, je me suis focalisé sur deux scénarios d'application:
l'assistance aux activités de veille technologique et l'aide à l'insertion d'un nouvel employé dans une organisation. Trois aspects ont été développés dans ce travail :
- la conception d'une architecture multi-agents assistant les deux scénarios, et l'approche organisationnelle descendante adoptée pour identifier les sociétés, les rôles et les interactions des agents ;
- la construction de l'ontologie O'CoMMA et la structuration de la mémoire organisationnelle en exploitant les technologies du Web sémantique ;
- la conception et l'implantation (a) des sous-sociétés d'agents chargées de la maintenance des annotations et de l'ontologie et (b) des protocoles supportant ces deux groupes d'agents, en particulier des techniques pour la distribution des annotations et des requêtes entre les agents.
Soldano, Henry. "Apprentissage : Paradigmes, Structures et abstractions." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00514160.
Full textAhmed, Benyahia Amine. "Etude d’une méthodologie pour la construction d’un système de télésurveillance médicale : application à une plateforme dédiée au maintien et au suivi à domicile de personnes atteintes d’insuffisance cardiaque." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BELF0258/document.
Full textThe thesis, conducted as part of the E-care project, proposes a methodological process to facilitate the analysis and design of medical remote monitoring systems for early detection of signs of any complications. The proposed methodology is based on a multi-agent system using several types of ontologies associated with an expert system. The multi-agent system is suitable for medical monitoring with a distributed architecture to keep some autonomy and responsiveness of habitats. The process identifies the generic and specific aspects of each system. The designed architectures take into account all the patient data such as: patient profile, medical history, drug treatments, physiological and behavioral data, as well as data relating to patient's environment and his lifestyle. These architectures should be open to be adapted to new data sources.This methodology was applied to E-care project in order to define its information system. This information system is composed of two types of ontologies (problem ontology and several domain ontologies) and an expert system for the detection of risk situations. The problem ontology was built to manage the system including users and their tasks. Three domain ontologies have been built to represent, disease, drugs and cardiovascular risk factors. The expert system uses inference rules, which are defined in collaboration with medical experts using their knowledge and some medical guidelines. This methodology also defined the system architecture, which consists of four autonomous agents types namely: medical sensors to collect physiological measurements. The gateway collects data from sensors and transmits them from the patients' homes to the server. The server processes data and gives access to them. Finally the database secures storage of patient data.As part of the E-care project, an experiment was conducted to validate the various system components. This experiment has gone through two phases, the first was held at the University Hospital of Strasbourg, and the second is in the patients' homes
Moro, Puppi Wanderley Gregory. "A framework for facilitating the development of systems of systems." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2425/document.
Full textBuilding Systems of Systems (SoS) has gained momentum in various domains. Today, complex applications require to let several systems developed independently cooperate, leading to the moniker of SoS. Despite such popularity, no consensus has yet been reached about a precise definition of what SoS are. Moreover, the crux of the matter is that most applications are still handcrafted, being developed in an ad hoc fashion, i.e., freely and without being constrained by a predefined structure. Handcrafting SoS is an Herculean task for architects, requiring them to create an interwoven set of connections among SoS constituent systems for allowing cooperation. Because of the large number of interconnections, the complexity and tight coupling increase in SoS, and their evolution becomes more difficult, requiring substantial efforts from architects. To sever the Gordian knot faced by SoS architects, we propose in this research a generic framework for facilitating the development of SoS from a systems engineering perspective. Our approach is based on a novel architecture we call MBA for Memory-Broker-Agent. To test our framework we built an SoS for developing software collaboratively. Results show that our approach reduces the difficulty and effort for developing a SoS. Based on such results, we created an original method for building a SoS using our framework. We tested the potential of our method along with the generic features of our framework, by building a new SoS in the Health Care domain successfully and more accurately
Polacsek, Thomas. "Une logique pour la planification en environnement partiellement observable." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30158.
Full textIn the first part of this work we define a modal logic, EDL, who is the fusion of dynamic logic and a modal epistemic logic, which makes it possible to explicitly reason with agent’s knowledge, with a semantic, an axiomatic and a tableaux method. In the second part, more directed planning, we express, using EDL, several of the concepts frequently posed in the framework of planning under partial observability such as incomplete knowledge, nondeterministic actions, conditional plans, total observability, inobservable facts or knowledge gathering action. In addition, we developed, from our logic, an automatic method of plan checking and of plan generation dedicated to the problems under partial observability
Aucher, Guillaume. "Perspectives on belief and change." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00556089.
Full textAbchiche, Nadia. "Elaboration, implémentation et validation d'une approche distribuée pour l'intégration de modèles de raisonnement hétérogènes : application au diagnostic de pannes électriques." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081527.
Full textThis work describes the elaboration of a distributed approach to integrate several heterogeneous reasoning models using multi-agents paradigms. Each reasoning model represents particular knowledge with appropriate methods. Since none of the reasonig models is able to solve a whole problem with acceptable performances, we have proposed a cooperation model, mocah (modellig cooperation between heterogeneous agents). The starting point is to model the cooperation reasoning at the knowledge level with a methodology usefull for domain expertise commet. In fact, we extracted cooperation expertise from works done in distributed artificial intelligence (contract net protocoles to allocate tasks, solving conflicts using negociation mechanisms). The most important point to develop is an agent's architecture to support the two levels of reasoning: cooperation reasoning and domain reasoning. These two levels are modeled using the above mentioned methodology which consist in decomposing knowledge according to three dimensions: the tasks, the methods and the domain model. Our architecture is sufficiently flexible to allow increasing the variety and the number of agents, deal with existing cooperation expertise and easily integrate new ones, and finally, be domain independent. A consensus representation is developed to make the agents communicating despite heterogeneous local representations. The agents reason not only on their own domain problems, but also on their capabilities and other agents' capabilities so they can cooperate to improve the problem solving process and increase the variety of the problems solved by the whole system. Our approach has been applied to diagnosis of faults in electrical functions of cars
Devigne, Damien. "Approche centrée interaction pour la simulation d'agents cognitifs situés." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Devigne.pdf.
Full textSalliou, Nicolas. "La gestion paysagère des ravageurs : exploration des verrous et leviers d'une innovation agroécologique par la modélisation participative." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0040/document.
Full textAgroecology requires the design of farming system integrating as much as possible ecosystem services. Biological control by natural enemies may substitute commonly used pesticides. Ecology findings demonstrate that farming landscapes with a high proportion of natural habitats (woods, forests meadows, etc) favor natural enemies by providing them shelter, nesting sites and food. Landscape Pest Control (LPC), i.e. the design of farming landscapes in favor of these habitats, may be implemented to foster natural enemies and biological pest control. However, how stakeholders may design such landscapes remains unexplored. In this PhD, we followed an action-research approach and explored the design of such pest regulating landscapes together with local and scientific stakeholders. We initiated a participatory approach with agricultural stakeholders in a part of the Tarn-et-Garonne region specialized in fruit production. Our research seeks to identify the factors in favor of a LPC according to stakeholders’ representations and knowledge. In particular, we qualified the conditions under which natural enemies and the landscape are socially constructed resources providing ecosystem services. We also seek to identify if these stakeholders were linked through dependencies which may necessitate a coordinated management of the landscape. We explored the possibility of a LPC through several cycle of participatory modelling. This PhD successively established mental models of local stakeholders about their pest control strategies, co-constructed participatory Bayesian models in order to explore uncertainties surrounding LPC, and finally we co-constructed an agent-based model about the population dynamic of the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii and its potential landscape management. Our results show that, according to scientific and local stakeholder’s actual representations, the composition of the landscape in natural habitats is weakly related with pest regulation ecosystem services, even though the landscape is related with higher functional biodiversity. Nowadays, as stakeholders see little benefit, they don’t consider to be dependent to benefit from an enhanced biological control through a LPC strategy. Farmers rather mention their preference towards individual solutions such as pesticides or exclusion nets surrounding their orchards. This individual focus suggests that designing innovation favorable to natural enemies might be more relevant within farms, like focusing on the vegetation between rows of fruit trees. Besides, these results show the need for scientific studies relating economics and ecology to explicitly measure the benefits farmers could obtain from a landscape favorable to natural enemies. Positive results of such study would enhance further participatory research around LPC strategies. Finally, this participatory and exploratory research identified new sites for investigation and raised questions about the LPC which could be further looked into
Darlet, Ludovic. "Système de visualisation scientifique assistée par ordinateur." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10044.
Full textLabidi, Sofiane. "Ingénierie de la connaissance dans le cadre de projets multi-experts : méthode, techniques et outil." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE4860.
Full textRazmerita, Liana. "Modèle utilisateur et modélisation utilisateur dans les systèmes de gestion des connaissances : une approche fondée sur les ontologies." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30179.
Full textFansi, Tchango Arsène. "Reconnaissance comportementale et suivi multi-cible dans des environnements partiellement observés." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0156/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in the problem of pedestrian behavioral tracking within a critical environment partially under sensory coverage. While most of the works found in the literature usually focus only on either the location of a pedestrian or the activity a pedestrian is undertaking, we stands in a general view and consider estimating both data simultaneously. The contributions presented in this document are organized in two parts. The first part focuses on the representation and the exploitation of the environmental context for serving the purpose of behavioral estimation. The state of the art shows few studies addressing this issue where graphical models with limited expressiveness capacity such as dynamic Bayesian networks are used for modeling prior environmental knowledge. We propose, instead, to rely on richer contextual models issued from autonomous agent-based behavioral simulators and we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through extensive experimental evaluations. The second part of the thesis addresses the general problem of pedestrians’ mutual influences, commonly known as targets’ interactions, on their respective behaviors during the tracking process. Under the assumption of the availability of a generic simulator (or a function) modeling the tracked targets' behaviors, we develop a yet scalable approach in which interactions are considered at low computational cost. The originality of the proposed approach resides on the introduction of density-based aggregated information, called "representatives’’, computed in such a way to guarantee the behavioral diversity for each target, and on which the filtering system relies for computing, in a finer way, behavioral estimations even in case of occlusions. We present the modeling choices, the resulting algorithms as well as a set of challenging scenarios on which the proposed approach is evaluated
Kubera, Yoann. "Simulations orientées-interaction des systèmes complexes." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839390.
Full textLhommet, Margaux. "Replicants : humains virtuels cognitifs, émotionnels et sociaux : de l'empathie cognitive à l'empathie affective." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2031.
Full textVirtual humans are more and more common in virtual environments such as simulations, training softwares, serious-games or video games. Affective computing aims at giving those artificial characters emotional capabilities. We aim at generating virtual humans whose behavior is coherent, adaptative and explainable. We define coherence as the adequacy between the situation, the virtual human’s mental state and her behavior. Adaptability is the capacity to adapt to new knowledge an reason about it. This knowledge may be specified by people without computer programming skills and therefore be incomplete. Finally, the virtual human’s behavior must be explainable in order for the learner to understand the impact of her actions. Using models from psychology that explicitly address the components and their dynamics, our virtual human model is given a personality, an emotional state and is linked to others via social relationships. In order to ensure the adaptability of our virtual human, she is given a set of domain-independent processes to take care of the dynamics of those human components and their impact on behavior. Those processes are integrated on a cognitive architecture. Domain-dependent knowledge such as entities, actions and activities are designed using a description language inspired by ergonomy methodology. This formalism is simple enough to be used without any computer programming skill, and expressive enough to be directly used by the high-level processes of our virtual human. An affective empathy model based on individual characteristics is proposed to model affective relations between virtual humans. To generate such virtual humans, we propose REPLICANTS, a decisional artificial intelligence engine. Some examples are presented and show how the virtual human can combine her generic set of cognitive rules with domain specific knowledge in order to adapt to her environment as well as behaving rationally in pursuing goals
KSONTINI, Feirouz. "Modèle d'agent fondé sur les affordances : application à la simulation de trafic routier." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00982059.
Full textBrie, Guillaume. "Traitement social de la criminalité sexuelle pédophile : rapports de pouvoir et lutte des représentations entre agents chargés du contrôle et condamnés." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100108.
Full textSexual violence on children lead more and more men in prison. Institutional responses to these questions are strongly reminiscent of the indignity that affects those people: heaviness of the sentences, surveillance and preventive detention for example. Based on data from an empirical research, I wish to understand how modern society is organized in relation to such behavior. The field work mainly takes place through interviews. First with prisoners convicted for those facts.And then with detention officers (psychologists, psychiatrists, councilors of rehabilitation and probation, supervisors, judge of the sanctions application). Finally with agents responsible of repression: specialized Gendarmes on the hearings of juvenile victims (prevention squad) and specialized investigators Gendarmes on the hunt of "pedophiles" on the Internet (Territorial and Research Brigade).The analysis of obtained speeches allows to identify the processes that co-construct the plurality of viewpoints. And to understand how power relations are constituted around the question of sexual violence behaviors on children today. To the results, it appears a struggle between different representations of agents met and the convicted around the profile of "pedophile".The analyzes of these mutual perceptions permits to explain, in particular, how the strength of the devices support of the condemned affects their ability to act and initiates in them, a deep desire to enter the space of legitimate and the "normal"