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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ageny for International Development'
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1
Weber, Janice Minna. "The agency for international development's (AID) urban development policy and its application." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78059.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaves 114-117.
by Janice Minna Weber.
M.C.P.
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Mosedale, Sarah Louise. "Women's Empowerment in Development Theory and Practice : A Case Study of an International Development Agency." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508506.
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Bene, Charmaine B. "Donor Engagement of Diasporas: Public-Private Partnerships Towards Development Effectiveness?" Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24014.
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During the past decade, international development discourse has shifted from a narrow focus on aid effectiveness to one of cooperation towards more effective development. A series of High Level Forums have produced a set of principles to guide this new development framework. With the steady increase of international migration, sizeable diasporas who generate a diversity of activities with development implications in their homelands have formed outside of developing countries. Recognizing their importance and potential for development, several developed country bilateral donors have engaged these emerging development actors, including the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DFID), and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Analysis of their policies and programs reveals a set of emerging themes and lessons learned that identify the need to challenge conventional ways of thinking about the nature of development partnerships in order to move towards more effective development.
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Van, Zyl Jeanri-Tine. "The Bretton Woods School of Development communication as an 'agent' of modernisation in Sub-Saharan Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11602.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-81).A literature study invetigating the role of communication within the Bretton Woods School of Development Communication as an agent to achieve social and economical change in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study presents social and economic change as intended outcomes of modernisation as supported by this school of thought. It grapples with Western modernisation discourse that was advanced by Bretton Woods institutions as well as the instruments of communication (media) applied to achieve the intended developmental outcomes. It suggests that the presumed lack of modernisation in Sub-Saharan Africa is based on subjective development criteria and the applicability of ineffective communication and governance methods that failed to consider the region's cultural and socio-economic diversity. In a postmodern world, the study suggests that there should be a gradual move away from the Bretton Woods School of Development Communication-thought and that the focus should rather be to enable the region to establish communication, development and governance models that are African in character.
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Acquah, Augusta. "Agents of Change: An Analysis of Gender Planning for Development in Africa at the Canadian International Development Agency." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23389.
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The thesis examines how the social construction of African women in development discourse transformed from the 1970s to the 2000s, focusing in particular on the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). From the 1970s to the 1990s representations of African women were based on women’s economic potential. The mainstreaming of gender in the 1990s resulted in women being represented as agents of change. This approach gave women an opportunity to play roles in decision-making but led to policies that failed to challenge the established institutions. The emphasis on women as agents of change opened doors to some African women but with implications for the women’s movement. Only some middle-class women appear to benefit but their gains have been marginal in comparison to the gender inequalities that persist. The thesis uses secondary sources and interviews with development practitioners in Ottawa to understand the representation of African women as agents of change.
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Scraggs, Emily Anne. "The use of social science knowledge at the United States Agency for International Development." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313027.
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Karakas, Kivanc. "Development Of A Multi Agent System For Negotiation Of Cost Overrun In International Construction Projects." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611941/index.pdf.
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Multiagent systems (MAS) are systems consisting of several autonomous entities, called agents, which interact with each other to either further their own interests (competition) or in pursuit of a joint goal (cooperation). In systems composed of multiple autonomous agents, negotiation is a key form of interaction that enables groups of agents to arrive at a mutual agreement regarding some belief, goal or plan. The aim of this thesis is to develop a multiagent system that simulates the negotiation process between parties about sharing of cost overrun in international construction projects. The developed tool can be used to understand how the risks and associated costs are shared between parties under different scenarios related with the risk allocation clauses in the contract, objectives of parties and level of knowledge about actual sources of cost overrun. MAS can be utilized by decision-makers to predict potential outcomes of a negotiation process.
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MacKay, Edward Grant. "CIDA and the aid-trade linkage." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26873.
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The Canadian foreign aid program increasingly has been linked to trade and other commercial objectives- How and why has this happened? Has this been a successful linkage? What are the implications for Canada and its foreign aid program of this pursuit of the aid-trade linkage? This thesis attempts to answer these questions by exploring the origins and evolution of Canada's aid program, the political and bureaucratic status of Canada's aid agency, the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), and the various policies and policy instruments employed in this recent orientation of aid.
It is here argued that in the pragmatic origins of Canada's aid efforts, beginning with the Colombo Plan of the 1950s, lay the seeds for today's aid-trade policy linkage. These origins enabled the interests and objectives of other federal government departments to intrude on and often supersede developmental considerations in Canadian development assistance. As a result, the creation of a strong central aid agency has consistently been impeded, and the needs of Third World nations consistently overshadowed by domestic concerns.
Exacerbating this situation was the fiscal restraint and domestic recession of the late 1970s and early 1980s. The pressures stemming from these twin problems gave the final impetus for the increasing integration of aid and commerce.
While it is questionable whether linking aid with commerce serves Canada's political and economic interests, in either the short term or the long term, the federal government seems intent on continuing this policy trend. Indeed, the aid-trade linkage superficially resolves a number of administrative problems for CIDA, and enthusiastically is promoted as a bright new opportunity for Canada and its development partners. Conversely, efforts to reverse this policy trend face many obstacles in the Canadian polity and society. In the absence of decisive political leadership on this issue, then, aid-trade linkage is likely to continue.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Nazarko, Nuala. "The Hand that Feeds: NGOs’ Changing Relationship with the Canadian International Development Agency under the Competitive Funding Mechanism." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31848.
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This thesis analyzes Canadian NGOs’ relationship with the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) in the context of the competitive funding mechanism. It captures NGOs’ perspectives on the changing CIDA-NGO relationship, noting the range of NGO responses regarding advocacy efforts, public engagement, organizational priorities and overseas partnerships. The findings indicate that the relationship between CIDA and NGOs cannot be defined as partnership, but rather as one that spans the categories of “contracting” and “extension” in the Brinkerhoff (2002) partnership model. Additionally, employing Elbers and Arts’ (2011) typology, the thesis concludes that NGOs seek to “influence” CIDA through meetings with officers and politicians, “buffer” their partners from negative CIDA impacts, “shield” themselves by limiting their level of CIDA support and “compensate” by funding advocacy and public engagement from internal sources. Moreover, I include “innovation” as an additional strategy that NGOs can employ as a response to donor conditions.
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DaSilva, Christian. "Youth Agency and the Efficacy of Basic Education in Tanzania: An Inquiry into Post-primary School Structuration." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33019.
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This qualitative study explores how youth in Tanzania, with low levels of basic education, manage their personal lives and seek opportunities in the workplace or in post-basic education training programs.
In Tanzania, Education for All (EFA) has served as a key focal point of coordination between the government and the international donor community. While substantial attention has centered on the challenges of ensuring the sustainability and quality of EFA, there is relatively little known about the socio-economic circumstances of young school leavers and their perceptions of education and its relation to their post-school life trajectories.
Using structuration theory as the theoretical framework to illuminate the dynamic interconnectedness of social structures and youth agency, I conducted semi-structured interviews with 14 young male and female school leavers. Disturbing patterns of social reproduction and a fundamental discontinuity between basic education and post-school challenges were revealed in the research. Yet, in view of their resilience, orientation to the future and entrepreneurial resourcefulness, findings suggest that despite profound qualitative shortcomings, aspects of basic education and the structuring effects of economic liberalization may be contributing to enhanced youth agency.
The dissertation contributes to the theoretical discourse in the study of youth phenomena by adapting and advancing Klocker’s (2007) use of the notion of thinners and thickeners of agency within structuration theory. Exploring factors like educational quality and attainment level, in addition to those already established by Klocker (tribe, gender, age, and poverty), my research shows how young people’s agency can be attenuated or accentuated in space and time. This dissertation contributes empirical, hermeneutic and narrative data to illuminate the educational experience and post-basic education realities for a group of Tanzanian youth, reducing what has heretofore been described as a paucity of such qualitative accounts of marginalized African youth and the challenges they face.
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Jacobs, Camila C. "A participação da United States Agency for international development (USAID) na reforma da universidade brasileira na década de 1960." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/3894.
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O presente estudo propôs-se investigar de que forma os acordos assinados com a USAID sobre ensino superior no Brasil fizeram parte da estratégia dos Estados Unidos de construção de regimes internacionais mais amplos que deveriam sustentar a ordem mundial depois da Segunda Guerra Mundial. A hipótese central é a de que esses acordos estavam relacionados com a estratégia de promoção do desenvolvimento econômico e social que tinha, de um lado, a noção de que o desenvolvimento poderia ser planejado e implementado pelos governos e, de outro, uma visão de segurança internacional em que a promoção do desenvolvimento era entendida como fator essencial. Para a realização do estudo foram realizadas análise documental e entrevistas com pessoas que, de várias formas, estiveram ligadas às ações da USAID no ensino superior brasileiro na década de 1960, em especial ao caso de cooperação técnica com a Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados levantados pelo estudo permitiram confirmar em larga medida a hipótese levantada inicialmente, mas mostraram também que a questão é bem mais complexa. Os acordos da USAID sobre ensino superior no Brasil fizeram parte da estratégia de construção de regimes internacionais, mas representaram apenas uma etapa de um amplo programa de cooperação científica e tecnológica iniciada muito antes.
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Doctor, Frederica. "An Analysis of Servant Leadership in Russian-American Nongovernmental Organization Partnerships." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5851.
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Despite Russia's foreign agent law and a plethora of literature on the deterioration of Russia's civil society, there is a scarcity of research about the breakthroughs and transformation of Russian-and-American (RA) nongovernmental organization (NGO) partnerships. Accordingly, the research goal of this qualitative case study was to explore the tenets of servant leadership theory exhibited by foreign aid organizations for the restoration of RA NGO partnerships. The research questions addressed the influence and dominance of servant leadership tenets within United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and its collaborating agencies. A content analysis was conducted using online publicly available data such as annual reports from foreign aid organizations, newspaper articles, fact sheets, recorded interviews, and blogs. Data were deductively coded around the servant leadership attributes: (a) listening, (b) healing, (c) awareness, (d) empathy, (e) foresight, (f) conceptualization, (g) stewardship, (h) persuasion, (i) commitment to the growth of people, and (j) building community. Content analysis findings revealed that some servant leadership tenets (e.g., building community, commitment to the growth of people) were more dominant than others among USAID and its collaborating agencies; however, there was insufficient evidence to conclude that servant leadership had a dominant effect on the restoration of RA NGO partnerships. The implications for positive social change include recommendations involving governmental agencies, NGOs, and nonpartisan groups with understanding and adopting the principles of servant leadership for the restoration of RA NGO partnerships to assist Russian civil society with embedding principles of democratic governance.
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Kambites, Mukebezi Sarah. "Non-governmental organizations as partnering agencies : a case study of the relationship between Canadian NGOs with CIDA and Kenyan local groups." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28928.
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This study explores the notion of partnership as an approach to long-term sustainable development in Africa, by examining relationships Canadian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) forge with their donors and with counterpart NGOs in developing countries. A case study methodology was used to examine how Canadian NGOs in general, and CARE Canada in particular, work in partnership with the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), and Kenyan local NGOs. The findings indicate that the development themes and agendas of the past three development decades are reflected in the activities and programs of Canadian NGOs. However, very little was learned about the contribution of partnership to African development. CARE Canada's partnership relations seem to be guided by the development priorities of funding agencies such as CIDA, which dictate how CARE relates to its Kenyan partners. Partnership seems only to facilitate an environment for dialogue between organizations, concerning needs, constraints and fiscal accountability. The study proposes that further research on the concept of development partnerships needs to be carried out in-depth to determine how this model can be used in building capacities of African organizations.
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Chugh, Ayesha. "Looking Beyond "The Shadow of Genocide": Agency and Identity in Post-Conflict Cambodia, the Significance of Silk." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2009. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/15.
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Contents: Introduction; Post-Conflict Re-emergence and Identity; Cambodian Nationalism(s) and Identity; Discourses of Identity in Post-Conflict Cambodia; Locating Agency in the Development Discourse: Women and Spaces of Dissent in the Silk Sector; Conclusion: Problematizing Post-Conflict Approaches to Identity in Cambodia; Works Cited
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Anderson, Rachel. "Freedom, Agency and Optimism: A Feminist Case Study on Girls' Education in Southeastern Turkey." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1469064909.
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Lazarev, Artem. "Development of the International Atomic Engergy Agency safeguards system and its application to Iran: from the IAEA Statute to the joint comprehensive Plan of Action." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/420866.
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The International Atomic Energy Agency has established and implements a set of
technical measures – the safeguards – is to ensure that nuclear material, equipment,
facilities, and technology are not used for a military purpose. The safeguards system is
based on international agreements concluded between the Agency and a great majority
of states. The IAEA safeguards system has experienced a significant evolution
throughout the time, responding to variety of challenges. The changes included adoption
of new legal instruments and new measures within the existing legal framework. The
showcase of the safeguards evolution is Iran. Initially, the country placed its nuclear
programme under the US safeguards. Then it concluded a Comprehensive Safeguards
Agreement with the Agency, which, however, failed to help the Agency discover Iran’s
undeclared nuclear material and activities, triggering the “Iran’s case”. Iran also signed
an Additional Protocol and started to implement it voluntarily pending ratification.
Ultimately, the country agreed to implement new monitoring and verification measures
under the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. They represent an enhanced mechanism,
although may not be considered a new generation safeguards instrument.L'Agència Internacional d'Energia Atòmica ha establert i implementat un conjunt de mesures tècniques, les salvaguardes, per a garantir que el material nuclear, els equipaments, les instal·lacions i la tecnologia no s'utilitzin per a fins militars. El sistema de salvaguardes es basa en acords internacionals entre l'Agència i una gran majoria d'estats. El sistema de salvaguardes de l'AIEA ha experimentat una evolució significativa al llarg del temps, responent a diversos desafiaments. Els canvis van incloure l'adopció de nous instruments jurídics i noves mesures dins del marc jurídic existent. Una mostra de l'evolució de les salvaguardes és l'Iran. Inicialment, el país va col·locar el seu programa nuclear sota les salvaguardes nord-americanes. Tot seguit, l’Iran va concloure un Acord Integral de Salvaguardes amb l'Agència. No obstant això, l’acord no va permetre a l'Agència descobrir el material nuclear i les activitats no declarades de l'Iran, desencadenant el "cas d'Iran". L’Iran també va signar un Protocol addicional i va començar a implementar-lo voluntàriament, pendent de ratificació. Finalment, el país va acordar implementar noves mesures de seguiment i verificació en el marc del Pla d'Acció Comú Integral, representant un mecanisme millorat, tot i que no es pot considerar un instrument de salvaguarda de nova generació.
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Kemp, Richard. "A Sub-Sahara African Army's Perspectives of Security Force Assistance Training Effectiveness." ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7934.
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Past research and government reports document that Security Force Assistance (SFA) provided by the United States to partner nations often failed to achieve the desired impact of developing the capacity and capability of the partner to defeat an insurgency and maintain security. A lack of research and available data inhibit the identification of reasons SFA programs fail. In this qualitative phenomenological study, the perspectives of recipients of training were explored to understand the factors that impact the development of capability and capacity as a result of SFA training. The agency theory was applied as the theoretical framework in the study to examine possible conflicting objectives between the United States and the partner nation. The research questions addressed the training effectiveness by exploring the perspectives of Sub-Sahara African soldiers that received training and senior leaders of their army that was engaged in counterinsurgency operations. Data from interviews with 17 soldiers that received training and 5 senior leaders were coded and compared to developed major themes. The results showed evidence of limited capability development but no capacity development as a result of SFA training. The primary reason for the lack of development was that the training provided skills the recipient army was not able to incorporate in its operations or sustain. The results of this study indicated issues that practitioners could address to improve SFA programs and achieve the desired impact. Creating more effective SFA programs will help develop partner nation security forces that can maintain security for their civilian populations in which human development can thrive and eliminate safe havens for terrorist organizations that threaten the United States and its allies.
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Mateo, Luiza Rodrigues. "A ajuda externa e a formulação da estratégia internacional dos Estados Unidos a partir do 11 de setembro de 2001 /." São Paulo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150535.
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Orientador: Luis Fernando AyerbeBanca: Cristina Soreanu Pecequilo
Banca: Flávio Rocha de Oliveira
Banca: Solange Reis Ferreira
Banca: Samuel Alves Soares
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituído em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas"
Resumo: A ajuda externa sempre cumpriu importante papel na política internacional dos Estados Unidos. Após os eventos de 11 de setembro em 2001, documentos e discursos oficiais revelam uma percepção estratégica que conecta desenvolvimento e segurança, situando os elementos de governabilidade e geração de oportunidades em prol da contenção dos chamados Estados frágeis. Num contexto de ameaças difusas, o desenvolvimento é elencado, junto com diplomacia e defesa, como ferramenta da política externa estadunidense para enfrentar o perigo advindo de pandemias, crises humanitárias, crime organizado e terrorismo. O objetivo desta pesquisa é entender os propósitos e eixos de atuação dos Estados Unidos que, através do Departamento de Estado, principalmente da USAID, e do Departamento de Defesa, implementam projetos de assistência para o desenvolvimento, socorro a desastres naturais, e reconstrução pós-conflito em dezenas de países ao redor do globo. A complexidade da agenda de ajuda externa estadunidense envolve desde a formulação de diretrizes e luta por recursos junto ao Congresso à execução dos projetos. Através de fontes primárias, a pesquisa pretende analisar a organização institucional e a distribuição dos recursos de ajuda nos primeiros anos do século XXI, a fim de entender a evolução da ajuda externa e sua relação com a grande estratégia do país.
Abstract: Foreign aid has always been an important resource to United States foreign policy. After the 9/11 events, 2001, official documents and speeches emphasized the strategic vision that connects development and security, by which the promotion of economic opportunities and governance could refrain state fragility. In a context of diffuse security threats, development is pointed along with diplomacy and defense, as foreign policy tools to face the challenges of pandemics, humanitarian rises, organized crime and terrorism. This research objective is to understand the main strategic purposes and operation channels of the American foreign aid policy that through the Department of State, mainly USAID, and the Department of Defense, provide economic and security assistance, disaster and humanitarian relief and post-conflict reconstruction for dozens of countries around the world. The foreign aid agenda is complex and fragmented, since the guidelines formulation until the negotiation for funding in the Congress and the aid project implementation abroad. Working with primary sources, the research seeks to analyze the institutional organization and budgetary distribution of the main foreign aid projects in the 21st century, in order to understand the history of foreign aid and its importance to US foreign policy.
Doutor
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Tapia, Adrianzén Sylvia Marcela. "Communication technology, education and development : a critique of evaluation reports." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65471.
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Schwebel, Amy Elizabeth. "Improving the impact of Australian aid: the role of AusAID's Office of Development Effectiveness." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/6732.
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This research is in response to the current debate on aid in Australia. The debate focuses on the volume of money allocated to aid rather than the impact. While Australian aid is still far from the UN commitment of 0.7 per cent of gross national income, this focus has kept public debate superficial and has deflected attention away from the more important discussion: is aid achieving outcomes and impacting positively in areas identified by developing countries as essential for their sustainable development.The release of the first Annual Review of Development Effectiveness provided the impetus to investigate whether the newly formed Office of Development Effectiveness (ODE) will introduce changes that will improve Australia’s approach to aid. Framed within national interest, development and aid literature, this research analyses what limitations, if any, there are to reform of aid policies and practices in Australia.
The thesis concludes that the potential for the ODE to significantly improve the effectiveness of Australia aid is limited. It is one of many voices – including the powerful national interest agenda furthered by foreign policymakers – shaping Australian aid policy and practice. However, the furthering of Australian national interest – narrowly defined as security and economic considerations – through the aid program is at the expense of poverty alleviation objectives. This negatively affects how the development ‘problem’ is framed and thus the focus of aid policy. Furthermore, efforts to prioritise national interest considerations undermine the adoption of ‘good’ practice essential for sustainable development.
This is a political reality that is unlikely to change. Thus, the role of the ODE is to provide recommendations within this restricted framework. However, it is only through scrutiny, discussion and debate that the discrepancy between ‘good development’ in theory and in practice can be narrowed. This should also be the role of the ODE.
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Sadic, Adin. "History and Development of the Communication Regulatory Agency in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1998-2005." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1142281304.
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Inamori, Takao. "An exploration into managerial perception and its influence on performance in cross cultural setting : the case of Japan International Cooperation Agency's support for development." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4890.
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There is a wealth of studies which suggest that manager's positive perceptions/expectations can considerably influence organisational performance; unfortunately, little empirical evidence has been obtained from development studies. This first time research explores how Japanese aid workers' perceptions towards the local staff affects their behaviour and performance in cross-cultural project settings. Moreover, this research focuses on the perceptual and behavioural trait differences of successful and unsuccessful aid workers. With cooperation from Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), 244 valid responses were obtained from the aid workers (managers) through a webbased survey. As a result of statistical analysis, positive causal relationships were confirmed between perception related factors and behaviour related factors and the organisational performance variable. These results strongly suggest that aid worker's positive perceptions result in positive behaviour in local colleagues and subsequently higher organisational performance. In addition, it was discovered that the aid workers' positive perception/expectation about work and their local colleagues was related to higher organisational performance, whilst conversely, the negative perception on their part was generally associated with negative behaviour and lower organisational performance.Although the differences in perceptual tendencies suggested by that these findings apply to Japanese aid managers; however, as human nature is universal, positive perception and behaviour should bring out positive output in most organisations. It is recommended that there is a need for people-related and cross-cultural management skills to ensure successful future activities, and stress management competencies to maintain positive managerial perception on the part of aid workers.
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Jackson, Elizabeth C. "Conceptualizing international development project sustainability through a discursive theory of institutionalization : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management Studies /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1296.
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Holm, Jenny. "Transnational career agents : A comparative study on international engineering students in Sweden." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-181005.
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The mobility of students has increased dramatically in the past decades which primarily is a consequence of globalization (Ninnes & Hellstén, 2005). Many higher education institutions (HEIs) around the world have responded to the global educational trend by actively recruiting students from abroad, with the incentive of maintaining a competitive position on the global, knowledge-based market (Knight, 2004). Simultaneously, an increasing number of students have responded to the expanded opportunities which have become available, aspiring to secure the best education to facilitate their path into a well-remunerated career (Waters & Brooks, 2011). By employing a qualitative research approach, this study explores how international degree-seeking students undertaking engineering studies in Swedish HE, take on their career development within a global framework. The findings are compared and analyzed in order to provide further insights into the career trajectories of engineering students from different countries. The findings suggest that the participants in the study have employed a large degree of agency and independence in advancing their career development further. Moreover, it has also been indicated that they, as global professionals, uphold a flexible stance towards future career opportunities, regardless of where in the world these would be located. Considering the increasing numbers of international students that occupy Swedish HEIs, the study concludes that further attention needs to be paid to gain further insights into the realities of this student population, both to increase our understanding of how they respond to the forces of globalization and to safeguard that career services address the real career needs of this population.
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Muhammad, Razeq Zarlasht. "The Business of Policy Innovation: The Transformation of the United Nations Development Programme’s Engagement with the Private Sector (1997-2008)." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24009.
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Recently, intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) have adopted policies that engage the private sector in the implementation of their development mandates. Despite the implications of these changes, the subject is among the least conceptualized. By applying a theory-guided process-tracing (TGPT) methodology, this paper examines the process of change at the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). It advances a constructivist argument and evaluates whether this change could be viewed as a norm-driven change, where norms of corporate social responsibility (CSR), in the process of interaction and learning, have obtained an intersubjective quality and redefined the role of the private sector in the context of organization’s objectives. The paper evaluates this argument in light of the alternative assumptions of the principal-agent model, the bureaucratic culture literature, and rational choice institutionalism. It highlights the implications of this research in empirical, analytical, and theoretical terms for further studies and concludes that, without a due assessment of the intervening effect of norms on policies, the causal claims of other theories are seriously challenged.
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Nosti, Ekebratt Julia. "Participatory communication in Publicly Funded Projects: Sida - theory and practice in Guatemala." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23534.
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The aim of this essay is to investigate how development projects, funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, include communication in the project cycle and if it affects their results. The research will take place in Guatemala and will be based on a comparative study in which the program evaluations conducted by the Swedish Embassy, responsible for distributing the funding, will be used to choose two projects: one regarded as successful and the other unsuccessful. By interviewing and conducting surveys with staff members from the embassy, NGO personnel that worked with the project as well as community members affected by the projects, the aim is to get a full picture of the projects themselves as well as the different personal experiences of the projects to allow for a discussion concerning communication for development, participation and governmentally funded development work. The conclusion is that there does not seem to be a defined way in which Sida-funded projects include participatory communication in the project cycle even though it is mentioned and discussed in connection to a project. The comparison of the two local initiatives indicate that defining a method and tools which allows the Embassies to better control and structure in terms of participatory communication are likely to increase the sustainability of the projects.
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El, Jadie Amna. "L'énergie nucléaire et le droit international public." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR1006/document.
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Tous les États sans discrimination ont un droit inaliénable de développer les utilisations de l'énergie nucléaire à des fins civiles, à condition de ne pas détourner ces utilisations pacifiques vers des armes nucléaires. Cependant, il est accordé à cinq pays le droit de posséder ces armes, à savoir les États-Unis, la France, la Russie, la Chine et le Royaume-Uni. Autour de cette position, un vif débat à la fois juridique et éthique a été soulevé. En effet, pour ses opposants, le nucléaire représente un risque durable et non maîtrisable par la science. Les accidents nucléaires majeurs, les déchets radioactifs et le détournement du nucléaire à des fins militaires sont des risques ingérables et d‟une gravité exceptionnelle. En revanche, les défenseurs de cette énergie la présentent comme sûre, voire partie prenante du développement durable. Selon eux, le nucléaire est un moyen fiable de lutter contre le réchauffement climatique et aussi une solution à la pénurie énergétique à laquelle le monde est confronté. En examinant et analysant la fiabilité et la crédibilité de tous les arguments allant à l‟encontre et en faveur de cette industrie, on constate que la licéité et la légitimité du recours à l'énergie nucléaire sont mal fondées. Par conséquent, nous estimons qu‟il est nécessaire de dépasser le nucléaire par la conclusion d'une convention internationale posant l'interdiction progressive mais complète du nucléaireAll states without discrimination have an inalienable right to develop the uses of nuclear energy for civilian purposes, provided they do not divert these peaceful uses to nuclear weapons. However, five states have been granted the right to possess these weapons, that is : United-States, France, Russia, China and United-Kingdom. Around this position a fierce debate, both legal and ethical, has been raised. Indeed for its opponents nuclear represents a persistent risk that is non controllable by science. Major nuclear accidents, radioactive wastes and the use of nuclear for military purposes are unmanageable risks of exceptionnal serious gravity. On the other hand, the proponents of this energy present it as safe, even as part of sustainable development. According to them, nuclear is a reliable means to fight global warming and is also a solution to the energy shortage the world is facing. When analyzing the reliability and the credibility of all arguments for and against this industry, it can be noticed that the lawfulness and legitimacy of the use of nuclear energy are ill-founded. Therefore, we believe there is a need to go beyond nuclear with the conclusion of an international convention dealing with the progressive but comprehensive nuclear ban
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Mukubvu, Luke. "Reflecting on a period of change in a governmental development agency : understanding management as the patterning of interaction and politics." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/8968.
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Management was once described as the art of getting things done through the efforts of oneself and other people (Follett, 1941) and is functionalised through acts of planning, organising, leading and controlling tasks and people for pre-defined objectives. These four cardinal pillars of management are translated into various models, tools and techniques of best practice of how to manage. While acknowledging that the substance of the current management models, tools and techniques have for years broadly contributed to how organisations are run, my research sheds more light on the shortcomings underlying some of the assumptions and ways of thinking behind these models and tools. My research findings based on my experience in working for the Department for International Development suggests that management practice and organisational change occur in the context of human power relationships in which people constrain and enable each other on the basis of human attributes such as identities, attitudes, values, perceptions, emotions, fears, expectations, motives and interests. I argue that these human attributes, human power relations and the totality of human emotions arise in the social, and understanding the ways in which these attributes shape local interaction and daily human relating is critical in making sense of the reality of organisational change and management. I suggest that management practice occurs in the context of everyday politics of human relating. It is that type of politics that takes place within families, groups of people, organisations, communities, and indeed throughout all units of society around the distribution of power, wealth, resources, thoughts and ideas. This way of thinking has enormous implications for the way we conceptualise management theory and practice. I am suggesting that managers do not solely determine, nor do employees freely choose their identities, attitudes, values, perceptions, emotions, fears, expectations and motives. These human dimensions arise from social relationships and personal experiences. As such, it is simply not for a manager to decide or force other employees on which of these human attributes to influence their behaviour. I am arguing that the social nature of management practice and role of human agents is inherently complex and cannot, in the scientific sense, be adequately reduced to discrete, systematic, complete and predictive models, tools and techniques without losing some meaning of what we do in management.
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Neto, José Caetano Alves. "O discurso oficial da cooperação internacional brasileira no eixo sul-sul : limites e desafios." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6271.
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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalEsta dissertação pretende estudar a atuação do Brasil dentro da cooperação internacional, mais especificamente a cooperação técnica, no eixo sul-sul. Através de uma abordagem histórica, mostra-se a evolução do Brasil dentro da cooperação internacional, assumindo uma nova postura dentro de uma lógica sul-sul, priorizando a chamada cooperação horizontal, e como as transformações que ocorreram no cenário global após a década de 50 foram definitivas para essa mudança. Algumas abordagens teóricas servem como base para esse câmbio na atitude da política externa brasileira. A prática mostra um envolvimento do país com diversas ações bilaterais, multilaterais e organizações internacionais, visando uma assistência técnica para países em desenvolvimento, objetivando a criação de capacidades e formação de estruturas próprias nos mesmos. Há um foco em criar um contraponto entre o discurso oficial em relação a cooperação internacional prestada pelo Brasil, e aquilo que realmente de fato ocorre, explicitando limites e entraves que prejudicam o pleno funcionamento da mesma. Objetiva-se ainda não só evidenciar essas incongruências, como também propor alternativas e soluções que venham a contribuir de maneira positiva para uma maior eficácia do apoio oferecido pelo Brasil no âmbito da cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento.
This thesis has the goal of studying the role of Brazil in international cooperation, specifically technical cooperation, in the south-south axis. Through a historical approach, it shows the evolution of Brazil in international cooperation, assuming a new position in the south-south cooperation, prioritizing the so called horizontal cooperation, and how the changes that have occurred after the 50´s decade in the global scenario were definitive for this change. Some theoretical approaches serve as the basis for this exchange in the attitude of Brazilian foreign policy. The practice shows a country's involvement with various bilateral and multilateral actions, and also with international organizations, with a special approach towards technical assistance for developing countries, aiming at capacity building and creation of their own structures in. There is a focus on creating a counterpoint between the official discourse regarding international cooperation provided by Brazil, and what actually does occur, expliciting boundaries and barriers that hinder the full operation.. Another goal is to not only highlight these inconsistencies, but also offer alternatives and solutions that contribute in a positive way to greater effectiveness of the support offered by Brazil in international cooperation for development.
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Sadek, Gaafar. "Translation: Rights and Agency - A Public Policy Perspective for Knowledge, Technology and Globalization." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37362.
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Copyright law relegates translation to a secondary, or derivative, status, which means that publishing a translation requires the permission of the rights holder of the original. This thesis argues for the timeliness of revisiting the translation right by analyzing its foundations and its implications from a transdisciplinary public policy perspective. This is done by first studying the historical and philosophical foundations of copyright law itself where the translation right is housed, revealing questionable philosophical arguments and a colonial past that has created legal path dependencies.
The thesis then undertakes an examination of the foundations of the translation right specifically, dubbed “the international issue par excellence,” which confirms the same pattern observed in the development of copyright law. Given the complete absence of the translator’s perspective from all international discussions on the translation right, copyright’s view of translation is then contrasted with recent scholarship in translation theory, with a special focus on the notion of agency(-ies), exposing the incompatibility of these views on translation, and highlighting the importance of including the perspective of translation studies in policies and laws related to translation.
The last part of the thesis explores the present-day realities of knowledge societies, digital technologies, and globalization, in order to identify the role of translation today and in the future, while highlighting the tremendous gaps between the have’s and the have-not’s, and the necessity of recognizing the specificities of different societies. Knowledge is the new capital of the world, and the translation right is an impediment to the key role translation can potentially play in allowing societies to participate in the cycle of its consumption and regeneration. Digital technologies are powerful enablers that have allowed those who have leveraged and embraced them, such as the open movement and prosumers of all types, to transform the nature of their interactions with their environment macro- and microstructurally. This has also been reflected in the profession of translation, where collaborative projects are constantly initiated, while the nature of the translator’s work is changing to the point where one seriously doubts whether the provisions of the century-old translation right still apply to it. The discussion on globalization focuses on language in a globalized world, power relations between linguistic communities, and means of preserving linguistic diversity and heritage.
The translation right, with its questionable foundations and outdated nature, is an impediment to the potential role of translation (as representative of the public interest) in the world, and must be revisited and at least reduced to the point of constituting balanced public policy. Social development, power relations and the necessity of differentiation (or “otherness”) are running themes throughout the work, which tries to balance between theoretical discussions from various relevant disciplines and reliance on United Nations and other public policy research.
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Pina, Fabiana [UNESP]. "O acordo MEC-USAID: ações e reações (1966 – 1968)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93369.
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O presente trabalho procura analisar o Acordo MEC-USAID, buscando destacar sua importância para a estrutura universitária brasileira, as modificações ainda presentes que partiram deste Acordo e o contexto histórico no qual ele foi efetivado. Procuramos desenvolver uma pesquisa que abrangesse três ângulos do Acordo: analisamos o próprio Acordo, fizemos um estudo dos escritores que na época da sua publicação se posicionaram contrários ou favoráveis a ele e, por fim, examinamos a historiografia referente a ele, inclusive dos autores que não o tomaram como tema central
This paper analyzes the MEC-USAID agreement, seeking to highlight its importance to the Brazilian university structure, the changes still present who departed this Agreement and the historical context in which it was accomplished. We seek to develop a survey covering three angles of the Agreement: we analyze the agreement, we made a study of writers at the time of its publication is positioned against or in favor of it and, finally, we examine the historiography related to it, including the authors who not taken as a central theme
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Lind, Sara, and Rebecca Zakrison. "Religion i utvecklingssamarbete : En kvalitativ studie om hur anställda på Sida upplever religionsfrågor som komponent i arbetet." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-3920.
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This study's main aim is to contribute with an insight regarding how employees of the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) experience religion as a component of development work in religious contexts. The study focuses on whether or not religion is given enough space within Sida's development work and if the policies of Sida are enough to cover the needs in religious contexts. To answer these questions we have interviewed six employees of Sida which holds experiences of development work in religious contexts. The results show a lack of knowledge and encouragement of these questions within Sida and that the interviewees experience religion as a complex concept. The study also shows that the interviewees find policies, methods and tools within Sida as inadequate to cover the needs of religion in development work. In order to highlight and to problematize the results, the study has mainly been inspired by the secularization, the post-secularization and the sacralization theories that focuse on the role of religion in the public sphere.Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att bidra med enförståelse för hur anställda på Sida upplever religionsfrågor som komponentinom utvecklingssamarbete i religiösa kontexter. Det vi frågat oss är vilkaupplevelser och behov av att arbeta med religionsfrågor som finns samt omreligionsfrågor ges tillräckligt med utrymme inom Sidas utvecklingssamarbete ireligiösa kontexter. För att svara på uppsatsens frågeställningar har vi utförtsex kvalitativa intervjuer med anställda på Sida som har insikt i deraslångsiktiga utvecklingssamarbete och erfarenhet av arbete i religiösakontexter. Studiens resultat visar att intervjupersonerna upplever att religionfår bristande uppmärksamhet och uppmuntran inom Sida samt att de uppleverreligion som ett komplext begrepp. Studien visar även att intervjupersonernaupplever att Sidas policyer, metoder och verktyg inte tillräckligt täcker debehov som finns av religion i utvecklingssamarbetet. I vår analys avintervjumaterialet har vi utgått från teorier om sekularisering,postsekularisering och sakralisering som belyser utvecklingen av religionensroll i den offentliga sfären.
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Marks, Caroline. "A critical analysis of donor education strategies for international development International Development." Thesis, Ulster University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.650305.
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The purpose of this study was to analyse donor education strategies for international development using critical discourse analysis. The analysis focused on the two multilateral agencies and ten bilateral donors that contributed the most Official Development Assistance to education over the period 2002-10. The objective was to investigate linkages between Education Strategy texts, global development discourses, donor government political ideologies and education funding priorities. The methodology involved Fairclough's (1992) three level approach to critical discourse analysis. At the micro level the content of the texts was analysed. At the mid-level, inte[textual influences were identified. At the macro level, donor government political ideology and education aid allocations were considered. Five main education and development discourses were identified : ' education as a human right' , 'education and economic growth', 'qualified development', 'knowledge economies', and ' fragility, conflict and global security ' . Bilateral donor discourses were more often influenced by the World Bank than UNICEF. This supports the assertion that neo-liberal discourses still dominate international aid policy, despite the semblance of an ideological convergence towards a poverty consensus since the 1990s. Conversely, UNICEF, which is dependent on voluntary contributions, is necessarily more responsive to the discourses of its main bilateral sponsors than the World Bank. Government political ideology may matter. However, structurally and culturally embedded values transcend short-term government changes in terms of influencing aid policy. Weak evidence suggests that donors who take a rights-based approach are likely to support basic education through multilateral agencies; donors concerned with promoting global or regional stability are inclined to support basic education through the public sector; and donors who are driven by commercial interests tend to support higher education. Within the ' qualified ' development discourse, donor orientations vary between human/social development, sustainable development or good governance. Despite this rhetorical divergence, practical implications of these 'qualified' discourses are not evident.
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Govender, Rajuvelu. "The contestation, ambiguities and dilemmas of curriculum development at the Solomon Mahlangu Freedom College, 1978-1992." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6042_1320317218.
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The main problem being investigated is why there were such divergent views on the appropriate curriculum for ANC education-in-exile from within the ANC, and in the light of this contestation, what happened in reality to curriculum practice at the institutions. The arguments for Academic, Political and Polytechnic Education are contextualized in the curriculum debates of the times, that is, the 20th century international policy discourse, the African curriculum debates and Apartheid Education in South Africa. This study examines how Academic Education, despite the sharp debates, was institutionalised at the SOMAFCO High School. It also analyses the arguments for and various notions of Political and Polytechnic Education as well as what happened to these in practice at the school. The SOMAFCO Primary School went through three phases of curriculum development. The school opened in 1980 under a âcaretakerâ staff and without a structured curriculum. During the second phase 1980-1982 a progressive curriculum was developed by Barbara and Terry Bell. After the Bells resigned in 1982, a conventional academic curriculum was implemented by Dennis September, the new principal.
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Klyve, Christoffer Ringnes. "Public opinion and international development." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29407.
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This thesis explores public attitudes towards international development cooperation. Noting the lack of previous academic treatment of this particular topic, it includes an overview of available polling data on relevant questions, followed by a review of more general literature pertaining to public opinion towards foreign policy, as a macro-level concept. Finding the macro-level perspective insufficient, the thesis then explores one particular model for understanding public opinion on the individual level. The final chapter discusses in some detail how one particular form of development assistance---child sponsorship---might influence public opinion. Claims that child sponsorship necessarily has detrimental effects on public opinion are found to have little foundation in either empirical studies or relevant theory. Conclusive statements concerning any effect child sponsorship might have on public opinion are not made, but the thesis does argue that public opinion towards development assistance can, under certain conditions, be considered reasonable.
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Stachel, Suzanne M. "International Nongovernmental Organizations and Development." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1271691749.
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Ossa, Ralph. "International trade and economic development." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2310/.
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In this thesis, I theoretically investigate three related aspects of international trade and economic development. First, I present a model of social learning about the suitability of local conditions for new business ventures and explore its implications for the microeconomic patterns of economic development. I show that: i) firms tend to 'rush' into business ventures with which other firms have had surprising success thus causing development to be 'lumpy'; ii) sufficient business confidence is crucial for fostering economic growth; iii) development may involve wavelike patterns of growth where successive business ventures are first pursued and then given up; iv) there is, nevertheless, no guarantee that firms pursue the best venture even in the long-run. Second, I offer a new explanation for the empirical finding that trade liberalization increases firm productivity. In particular, I develop a simple general equilibrium model of trade in which trade liberalization leads to outsourcing as firms focus on their core competencies in response to tougher competition. Since firms are better at performing tasks the closer they are to their core competencies, this outsourcing increases firm productivity. Third, I propose a novel theory of GATT/WTO negotiations which solves two important problems of the standard terms-of-trade theory. First, it is consistent with the fact that GATT/WTO regulations do not constrain export taxes. Second, it does not rely on the terms-of-trade argument but instead emphasizes market access considerations. To achieve this, I consider trade policy in a 'new trade' environment. I first argue that tariffs are inefficiently high in the non-cooperative equilibrium because countries attempt to improve their relative market access at the expense of other countries. I then show how GATT/WTO negotiations can help countries overcome this inefficiency by providing new rationales for the GATT/WTO principles of reciprocity and nondiscrimination.
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Pina, Fabiana. "O acordo MEC-USAID : ações e reações (1966 - 1968) /." Assis : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93369.
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Orientador: Claudinei Magno Magre MendesBanca: Ivan Aparecido Manoel
Banca: Helio Rebello Cardoso Junior
Resumo: O presente trabalho procura analisar o Acordo MEC-USAID, buscando destacar sua importância para a estrutura universitária brasileira, as modificações ainda presentes que partiram deste Acordo e o contexto histórico no qual ele foi efetivado. Procuramos desenvolver uma pesquisa que abrangesse três ângulos do Acordo: analisamos o próprio Acordo, fizemos um estudo dos escritores que na época da sua publicação se posicionaram contrários ou favoráveis a ele e, por fim, examinamos a historiografia referente a ele, inclusive dos autores que não o tomaram como tema central
Abstract: This paper analyzes the MEC-USAID agreement, seeking to highlight its importance to the Brazilian university structure, the changes still present who departed this Agreement and the historical context in which it was accomplished. We seek to develop a survey covering three angles of the Agreement: we analyze the agreement, we made a study of writers at the time of its publication is positioned against or in favor of it and, finally, we examine the historiography related to it, including the authors who not taken as a central theme
Mestre
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Wihtol, Robert. "The Asian Development Bank and rural development : policy and practice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236142.
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Rongo, Ysabella Mar. "Sustainable Development: The Viability of Aquaponics in International Development." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579022.
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This thesis aims to demonstrate that the world system of agriculture is not functioning at optimum capacity to nourish the world's population properly. Due to the author's passion about Brazil, it will focus on that area, although it can be applicable to many other world regions. The core intent is to offer aquaponics as an alternative agriculture system that is viable in the developing world, and in particular Brazil. This thesis also serves as a proposal for the continuation of the research and development of the theory that aquaponics is a viable tool for sustainable community development.
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Key, James Scott. "Development and Change in International Regimes: the Case of International Lending." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504222/.
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The present study is an attempt to better understand change in international relations through utilization of the concept of international regimes. The following chapters focus on creation of the international lending regime and change that has occurred within this regime. The work begins by reviewing the regime literature, noting definitional and conceptual problems of the approach. The review concludes with examples of regime scholarship that are utilized through the rest of the study. Examination of international lending as a regime consists of three sections: first, a profile of the creation of the United States-led, post-war multilateral lending regime; second, the replacement of U.S. geo-political concerns with a market emphasis desired by international banks; third, the more recent redirection of lending as the utility of market forces is constrained by adjustments necessary to facilitate emergency debt restructuring.
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Moll, Amanda L. "International Actors, Norms and Human Development." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/18.
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A number of international humanitarian organizations focus on human development and aim to improve the situation of children. In many developing countries, states have not been able to fulfill the educational or basic needs of its children. To fill this void, international actors have stepped in to help with human development. This thesis focuses on answering the question: How are norms diffused to local communities? Looking at the implementation of human development norms, this paper examines the norms-based actions that NGOs take to maximize the development potential of children. Programs aimed at increasing basic education as well as fighting child labor are addressed. When exploring the norm socialization process NGOs use to promote programs in education and child labor, it is clear that a different process is present than is suggested by existing literature. This is due to the locale where norms are implemented: local communities.
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Corfield, Alison. "Knowledge management in international development charities." Thesis, Open University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543848.
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This thesis investigates the effectiveness and potential longevity of Knowledge Management in three international development charities, in order to compare their experiences with the commercial context in which Knowledge Management originated. By this means, the research explores how well, or otherwise, Knowledge Management can be fitted into a different setting. It also throws significant light on the transfer of business practices more generally.Chapter one assesses the evolution of the discipline Knowledge Management. It also provides key information about International Development Charities. Chapter two identifies the theoretical foundations of Knowledge Management as a prescription for organisational effectiveness, together with recommended best practices. Two environmental factors are emphasised: the role of information technology and, given the historic link to Japanese workstyles, ideas about organisational `culture'. In chapter three, the methodology for practical enquiry, derived from organisational system theory, is presented, and the problems in assessing effectiveness are discussed. Chapters four and five provide the substantive outcome of the fieldwork. Patterns that emerge from the data are drawn together in chapter six, highlighting the selective nature of Knowledge Management in application and demonstrating both similarities to and divergences from the original concept. In particular, there are specific challenges posed by the international reach of development charities The overall conclusions in chapter seven confirm that Knowledge Management undoubtedly chimes with the broad aims of international charities. At the same time, the transferability of Knowledge Management depends crucially upon its adaptability to the organisations' aims, resources, and `culture'. Where it is accepted that knowledge handling is needed to build organisational capacity, then Knowledge Management can provide a framework which, when combined with technological advances, is a tool, rather than the answer, for international charities engaged in the continuing struggle to abolish poverty
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Dragusanu, Raluca Ecaterina. "Essays in International Trade and Development." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11546.
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This dissertation studies different aspects of the interaction between developed and developing countries in global supply chains. The first chapter studies the matching between importing and exporting firms in global supply chains. I construct a novel dataset that links firm-level information of Indian manufacturing exporters from the CMIE-Prowess database with firm-level information of their US importers from the Longitudinal Business Database. The data highlights three key facts that are consistent with the predictions of a theoretical model featuring sequential production and costly search for high-capability suppliers. First, there is positive assortative matching between US buyers and their Indian suppliers. Second, the strength of positive matching increases with the proximity to final use of the product traded (downstreamness). Finally, matching is stronger - and more sensitive to downstreamness - when the demand elasticity faced by the US buyer is high. The second chapter examines the effects of export factory work on young girls' school enrollment in the context of the garment industry in Cambodia, which employs primarily young, unmarried women from rural areas. I show that the female siblings of female garment workers who were induced to work in garment exporting sector by their proximity to the factories are one standard deviation more likely to attend school relative to their male siblings. The evidence is consistent with non-unitary household decision-making in which factory work increases the bargaining power of older female siblings within the household. The third chapter, written jointly with Nathan Nunn, investigates the impact of Fair Trade (FT) certification on coffee producers in Costa Rica. We begin by examining a panel of all coffee producers between 1999 and 2010. We find that FT certification is associated with higher export prices equal to approximately 5 cents per pound. Linking the mill-level information on FT certification to individual-level survey data, we find that FT certification does increase incomes, but only for skilled coffee growers and farm owners. There is no evidence that unskilled workers, particularly seasonal coffee pickers, benefit from certification.
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Sigrist, Adam C. "International Development: Not-So-Simple Business." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1304535890.
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Hassan, Fadi. "Essays in international and development macroeconomics." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/912/.
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The thesis comprehends four chapters: the first chapter concerns with the positive correlation between cross-country price level and per-capita income, which is generally regarded as a stylized fact renowned as the Penn-Balassa-Samuelson effect. The chapter provides evidence that the price-income relationship is actually non-linear and that it turns negative in low income countries. The result is robust along both cross-section and panel dimensions. The main contribution of this chapter is to uncover a new empirical regularity such that the price level firstly decreases and then increases along the development process. The second chapter argues that, in order to capture the non-monotonicity of the price-income relationship, we need a modified Balassa-Samuelson framework that accounts for the fact that low-income and high-income countries have very different economic structures and are at different stages of development. Particular emphasis needs to be put on the relevance of the agricultural sector in poor countries and for . The contribution of this chapter is to show that a model linking the price level to the process of structural transformation captures the non-monotonic pattern of the data. The third chapter departs from the Balassa-Samuleson framework and analyses the price-income relationship in a multisector Eaton-Kortum model of trade. The chapter shows that also within this framework a negative-price income relationship emerges. This provides further support to the empirical result shown in the first chapter and additional insights on the determinants of such relationship. The fourth chapter focuses on the relationship between foreign capital flows and income inequality in emerging countries. Developing countries experience a prolonged period of real exchange rate overvaluation after they have opened their capital and current account. This real exchange rate overvaluation is associated with rising income inequality within a country. The chapter provides evidence of a significant positive correlation between net capital flows and the Gini coefficient. The chapter presents also a model connecting the dynamics of the balance of payments with a search and matching model of the labor market. This provides a useful analytical framework to disentangle the mechanisms that can link foreign capital flows to income inequality through the impact of real exchange rate adjustment on the price of labor and quantity of employment.
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Lenhard, Klaus G. "International Participation in AOS Standards Development." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614724.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1989 / Town & Country Hotel & Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaDuring the current decade, international cooperation in space projects has become more and more popular and this trend is increasing. Initially, this involved only single missions with agencies flying payloads on other agencies' spacecraft. Later, this trend continued with international ventures, involving different agencies. In the immediate future, even more challenging scenarios are foreseen. The best known example and prime driver for such sophisticated missions will be the Space Station Freedom and its participating partners' spacecraft. Some of the international missions (ESA missions) are described briefly in this paper, in order to set the scene for a better understanding of the complex needs for standards within advanced orbiting systems. These ventures call for efficient means for cooperation and interoperability. Part of these requirements can be met by following international standards for space communications and space data systems. The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) undertook the task of integrating the space data systems requirements and developing appropriate recommendations for data systems standards for these Advanced Orbiting Systems (AOS). All international partners in the Space Station Freedom Program participated in the definition, development, and review of the AOS recommendations. The need for better cooperation in space communications via data relay satellite prompted the formation of a three party international panel called the Space Network Interoperability Panel (SNIP). An important aspect is the need for verification and validation of the concept and of the detailed technical recommendations. For the immediate future, special compatibility campaigns, involving the international agencies are planned in order to ensure the smooth application and functioning of the AOS recommendations.
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Dewan-Czarnecki, Tara. "Perceptions of Overhead in International Development." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10141595.
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Revised foreign assistance policies of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) now include a limited allowance to cover overhead expenses incurred by those non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that do not maintain negotiated rates with the U.S. Government. This includes local NGOs (LNGOs) newer to direct funding. The limited allowance provides a fixed maximum percentage that NGOs without a negotiated rate can apply to any U.S. Government funded program. The new limited allowance is one key element of USAID Forward, the reform initiative launched in 2010 that among other features seeks to strengthen the capacity of grant-recipient LNGOs to achieve greater impact with development programs. Nevertheless, as this thesis based on original qualitative research will show, the staff of many of LNGOs upon which USAID is focusing are unaware of the options and requirements for obtaining sufficient overhead cost coverage. The affected NGOs thus in fact operate at a disadvantage, especially in comparison with larger international NGOs (INGOs) with negotiated rates and greater financial knowledge.
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Kumar, Ajay. "International tax coherence : a development perspective." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.634886.
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This thesis attempts to resolve the deadlock to achieve an equitable division of taxes, and thereby internation equity. As the present tax laws were not negotiated, it is not considered here as fair. In this thesis it is proposed that an equitable division could be achieved through a division based on the levels of human development (combining Rawlsian schema and Sen’s capability approach). Therefore, it is argued that such a division would be equitable; because it would be based on entitlements (territorial claims), it would generate cooperation and thereby lead to greater efficiency. Importantly, this thesis establishes that the present tax treaties neither generate cooperation nor cohere with global welfare. Similarly, it is also found that the other institutions (OECD, IMF, WB and Dispute Settlement) related the tax regime presently do not promote development based on human capabilities. This could help developing countries to pursue a division favouring development (laws favouring development) and understand the institutions better suited to pursue such goals.
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Inthanoochai, Kamron. "Industrial development in Thailand : the five-year development plans and their implementation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237280.
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