Journal articles: 'Agglutinante'

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Gokhale, S. M., and N. G. Mehta. "Concanavalin A-agglutinability of membrane-skeleton-free vesicles and aged cellular remnants derived from human erythrocytes. Is the membrane skeleton required for agglutination?" Biochemical Journal 241, no. 2 (January 15, 1987): 513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2410513.

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Vesicles and cell remnants have been obtained by aging of erythrocytes in vitro. The vesicles lacking the membrane skeletal proteins and the remnants known to possess a rigid skeleton have been used to assess the role of membrane skeletal proteins in the process of Con A (concanavalin A)-mediated agglutination of erythrocytes. Both the vesicles and the remnants were found to bind Con A at the same density as did intact cells. The vesicles, isolated from normal as well as from the Con A-agglutinable trypsin- and Pronase-treated cells, failed to agglutinate with Con A. They were, however, well agglutinated by WGA (wheat-germ agglutinin) and RCA [Ricinus communis (castor bean) agglutinin], indicating that the vesicles are not defective in agglutination. Large, cytoskeleton-free, vesicles prepared by another procedure also gave the same results. The aged remnants from trypsin- and Pronase-treated erythrocytes showed significantly decreased agglutination with Con A, but were agglutinated as well as the fresh cells by WGA and RCA. The agglutination with Con A is thus abolished when the membrane skeleton is absent, and reduced when it is rigid, suggesting that the skeleton may play an important role in the agglutination of erythrocytes by Con A.

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Frail-Gauthier, Jennifer L., Peta J. Mudie, Alastair G. B. Simpson, and David B. Scott. "Mesocosm and Microcosm Experiments On the Feeding of Temperate Salt Marsh Foraminifera." Journal of Foraminiferal Research 49, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.49.3.259.

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Abstract Agglutinated foraminifera dominate in temperate salt marsh sediment, making them key indicators for monitoring sea level and environmental changes. Little is known about the biology of these benthic foraminifera because of difficulties in distinguishing live from dead specimens in laboratory cultures. We present data from 10 years of laboratory experiments using comparisons of the agglutinant trochamminids Trochammina inflata and Entzia macrescens and the miliolid Miliammina fusca with the calcareous rotalids Helenina anderseni and Elphidium williamsoni. Specimens were taken from a laboratory mesocosm representing Chezzetcook Inlet, a cool-temperate salt marsh in eastern Canada. We determined culture requirements for the agglutinated foraminifera in Petri dishes over 10–12 week periods. Five inexpensive, non-terminal ways of identifying live organisms were developed: spatial movement, detritus-gathering, attachment, clustering, and test opacity. Comparison with rose Bengal staining showed <10% diversion for calcareous species and T. inflata but M. fusca was over-counted by >30%. Terminal chambers of Trochammina inflata were examined by transmission electron microscopy to visualise food consumption and identify food in digestive vacuoles, both in specimens from mesocosm and in culture. Bacteria and unidentified detritus in the vacuoles establish that this agglutinated species is a saprophagous and bacterivorous detritivore. The adhesive secretions by these species apparently help them gather and possibly farm food while being relatively immobile in the sediments. Our observations of movement and feeding orientation in the agglutinants suggest links between form and function that underscore their value as ultra high resolution sea-level proxies. Mesocosm biomass and abundance counts show that foraminifera represent >50% of the meiofaunal biomass, emphasising their importance in the food web and energy-flow dynamics of temperate salt marsh systems.

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Jacques, Mario, Geneviève Roy, and K. R. Mittal. "Hemagglutinating properties of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34, no. 9 (September 1, 1988): 1046–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m88-184.

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A total of 26 isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were tested for their ability to agglutinate erythrocytes of different origins. Seven different hemagglutination patterns were found. Ten (38%) isolates did not agglutinate any of the erythrocytes tested. The remaining 16 (62%) isolates agglutinated human erythrocytes, and among these, 12 also agglutinated rat, cat, dog, guinea pig, or bovine erythrocytes. No correlation was found between the seven different hemagglutination patterns observed and the serotypes. Hemagglutination activity was destroyed by heating at 100 °C as well as by formaldehyde treatment, but was not affected by heating at 60 °C, by treatment with trypsin or pronase, or by homogenization of bacterial cells. No fimbriae were observed on examination of bacterial cells negatively stained with phosphotungstate using electron microscopy. Hydrophobic surface properties of the isolates were evaluated. All the isolates appear to possess a hydrophilic cell surface. The present study provides evidence that certain isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae possess hemagglutinating properties which do not appear to be mediated by fimbriae or to involve hydrophobic interactions.

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Ortiz García, Javier. "La traducción de textos de lingüística desde una perspectiva práctica." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 51, no. 4 (December 31, 2005): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.51.4.02ort.

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Abstract This paper intends to provide a practical approach to the translation of texts dealing with linguistics. For that, four translations (English into Spanish) are analyzed: Metaphors We live By (Lakoff y Johnson, 1981), Linguistics. An Introduction (Radford et al. 1999), The Language Instinct (Pinker 1994) y Words and Rules (Pinker 1999); these texts were chosen because of the different strategies developed in the translating process. According to these different translating strategies, and studying some examples from the texts, this case study establishes a four-folded categorization and offers a supposedly justified terminology for each of them: (i) the “agglutinant” strategy is the one developed by the translator of Words and Rules who, due to the nature of the source text, is virtually invisible; (ii) the “pseudoisolating” strategy (Linguistics) is positioned between the previous translator’s invisibility and the next strategies, namely, (iii) the “isolating” procedure (Metaphors), and (iv) the “superisolating” strategy (Instinct), which turns the translator into a visible author. The examples analyzed and the proposed terminology for the four strategies show that the translation of texts dealing with linguistics require the translator a well-defined approach; the translator’s approach (or his/her lack of approach) may well vary the final results of the translation. Résumé Cet article présente une contribution à la pratique de la traduction de textes relevant du champ de la linguistique. Nous nous proposons ainsi d’analyser, dans une perspective constructive, les traductions à l’espagnol de quatre livres de linguistique dont la langue originale est l’anglais. Ces quatre ouvrages ont été sélectionnés en raison des différentes stratégies que les traducteurs ont adoptées au cours du processus de traduction: Metaphors We Live By (Lakoff y Johnson, 1981), Linguistics. An Introduction (Radford et al., 1999), The Language Instinct (Pinker 1994) et Words and Rules (Pinker 1999). En fonction des stratégies des traducteurs et à partir de quelques exemples extraits des traductions, cette étude établit une quadruple catégorisation et propose une terminologie qui se justifie pour chacune des stratégies: i) stratégie « agglutinante » adoptée par le traducteur de Words and Rules, lequel, en raison des caractéristiques du texte source, se montre quasiment invisible; ii) stratégie « pseudo-isolante » qui se situe entre l’invisibilité précédente et la visibilité suivante de iii) stratégie « isolante » (Metaphors) et de iv) stratégie « super- isolante » (Instinct).Les exemples analysés et la terminologie proposée démontrent que la traduction de textes de type linguistique requièrent un positionnement bien précis du traducteur. En effet, les résultats inhérents à ce positionnement (ou à son absence) peuvent faire varier substantiellement le résultat final de la traduction.

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H, Surya P., Elyas K. K, and Deepti Madayi. "BACTERIAL AGGLUTINATION BY A LECTIN FROM THE LEAVES OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT, PIMENTA DIOICA (L.) MERR." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2018): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i4.20068.

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Objective: The current investigation involves the purification, characterization of the lectin from the leaves of Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. (Myrtaceae) a medicinal plant, and its application in bacterial typing.Methods: A lectin was purified from the leaves by cation exchange chromatography. SDS PAGE revealed the molecular weight of the purified lectin. Biochemical characterization was carried out by performing various tests. Hemagglutination inhibition was conducted to detect the sugar specificity. Additionally, bacterial agglutination was performed to predict whether the purified lectin was able to agglutinate the bacterial strains.Results: SDS PAGE analysis revealed the lectin to be a tetramer in the range of 43-66 kDa. The purified lectin agglutinated human, avian, and mouse erythrocytes, and was inhibited by 125 mmol of mannose and xylose. The lectin was stable at 0-60 ° C for 30 min and was unaffected by either 2-Mercaptoethanol (2-ME) or Dithiothreitol (DTT) (50-250µM). A pH of 6.0–8.0 was found optimum for its activity and was nearly independent of metal ions. The purified lectin contained about 20% carbohydrate as estimated by Anthrone method. Purified lectin agglutinated the Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris.Conclusion: The isolated lectin was found to possess significant hemagglutinating activity. Due to its ability to agglutinate Gram negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris, it could be used for bacterial typing and for the design of bacterial filters.

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Thiramanas, Raweewan, Rujira Wanotayan, Sakon Rahong, Kulachart Jangpatarapongsa, Pramuan Tangboriboonrat, and Duangporn Polpanich. "Improving Malaria Diagnosis via Latex Immunoagglutination Assay in Microfluidic Device." Advanced Materials Research 93-94 (January 2010): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.93-94.292.

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Attempt to improve latex immunoagglutination assay, a rapid method in medical diagnostics, reporting as quantitative results was interested in this study by using microfluidic device. Sensitized latex was produced by physical adsorption of human polyclonal IgG antibody to Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite onto carboxylated polystyrene particle. Conventional latex agglutination assay was firstly performed to verify specific interaction of antibody on the bead surface versus antigen in malaria plasma. The agglutinate size around 30 µm was observed under optical microscope. The proportion of the plasma and the particle was optimized, and an appropriate ratio was applied in microfluidic device. Three patterns of the device were used with the agglutinate size comparison after 10 min as followed: rapid mixing > U-shaped loop > straight capillary Y-junction patterns. However, compared with patient plasma, small agglutinates were also observed when using normal serum.

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Becker-Kerber, Bruno, Rodrigo Scalise Horodyski, Lucas del Mouro, Daniel Sedorko, Ilana Lehn, Dario Ferreira Sanchez, Jérôme Fournier, Arnaud Mazurier, and Abderrazak El Albani. "Devonian agglutinated polychaete tubes: all in all it's just another grain in the wall." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1955 (July 28, 2021): 20211143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1143.

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Biomineralized and organic metazoan tubular skeletons are by far the most common in the fossil record. However, several groups of organisms are also able to agglutinate particles to construct more rigid structures. Here we present a novel type of agglutinated tube from the austral and endemic palaeobiota of the Malvinokaffric realm (Devonian, Brazil). This fossil is characterized by an agglutinated tube made of silt-sized particles forming an unusual flanged morphology that is not known from the fossil record. Besides being able to select specific particles, these organisms probably lived partially buried and were detritus/suspension feeders. Comparisons across different modern groups show that these fossils are strongly similar to tubes made by polychaetes, specifically from the family Maldanidae. If this interpretation is correct, then an early divergence of the Sedentaria clade may have occurred before the Devonian.

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Azmi, Nazihah, Fatin Izzati Minhat, Sanatul Salwa Hasan, Omar Abdul Rahman Abdul Manaf, Aishah Norashikin Abdul A'ziz, Wan Nurzalia Wan Saelan, Hasrizal Shaari, Azzyyati Abdul Aziz, and Suhaimi Suratman. "Distribution of Benthic Foraminifera off Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia, South China Sea." Journal of Foraminiferal Research 50, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.50.1.89.

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Abstract We investigated the distribution of modern benthic foraminifera from Kelantan waters in the western part of the Sunda Shelf, South China Sea. Twenty-nine benthic foraminiferal species were identified from seven samples collected along a ∼250 km-long transect perpendicular to the Kelantan coastline. Calcareous hyaline species made up 57% of the overall assemblages collected in the study area, followed by calcareous porcelaneous (23%) and agglutinated (20%) species. Cluster analysis recognised two distinctive groups. Group A represented the shallow inner-shelf area (19–35 m water depth) with a coarse sand-dominated substrate where Amphistegina papillosa (13.37%) and Assilina ammonoides (11.04%) were highly abundant. Group A had lowest diversity with no agglutinated species. Group B, occurred at 40–60 m water depth, had higher foraminiferal diversity and was characterised by a very fine sand substrate. The foraminiferal assemblages here were dominated by calcareous hyaline species in group B followed by calcareous porcelaneous and agglutinated species. Group B was characterised by Assilina ammoinodes (11.04%), Heterolepa dutemplei (10.29%), and Discorbinella bertheloti (10.03%). The dominant agglutinated species in Group B were Textularia agglutinans (4.93%) and Cylindroclavulina bradyi (3.55%). Shallow-water species, such as Amphistegina spp., were absent from Group B. Our study shows that the distribution of benthic foraminiferal assemblages from the western Sunda shelf off Kelantan, is closely associated with changes in seafloor sediment, distance from the shore, and water depth.

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MORISHITA, T., E. NOBUSAWA, S. LUO, K. SATO, S. NAKAJIMA, and K. NAKAJIMA. "Analysis of the host-specific haemagglutination of influenza A(H1N1) viruses isolated in the 1995/6 season." Epidemiology and Infection 119, no. 3 (December 1997): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268897008248.

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Two phenotypes of human influenza A(H1N1) virus are currently circulating in Japan. One (group 1) agglutinates both chicken and goose red blood cells (CRBC and GRBC), the other (group 2) agglutinates GRBC but not CRBC. In the 1995/6 season, group 2 viruses accounted for 70% of the H1N1 viruses isolated in MDCK cells. The 1995/6 viruses were located on two branches of the genetic tree. One branch contained both group 1 and group 2 viruses and the other branch contained only group 2 viruses. Group 2 viruses had aspartic acid at residue 225 in the haemagglutinin (HA) protein, the key amino acid residue for group 2 phenotype. The HA protein of group 1 viruses had a change from aspartic acid to asparagine at residue 225 and the expressed HA protein of these viruses adsorbed CRBC. Serial passage of group 2 viruses in MDCK cells or embryonated chicken eggs caused these viruses to gain the ability to agglutinate CRBC. MDCK-adapted viruses had the same amino acid sequences of HA polypeptide as the original ones, but egg-adapted viruses had changed amino acid sequences. The expressed HA protein from one egg-adapted virus that originally belonged to group 2 adsorbed CRBC.

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Sidahmed Abdelrahim, Egbal, and Jedda Elhag. "A Case of Newcastle Disease Virus in Red-Headed Lovebird in Sudan." Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/704239.

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Two diseased red-headed lovebirds were presented for diagnosis to the Department of Avian Diseases and Diagnosis,Veterinary Research Institute, aged 37 days and 4 years. The symptoms were dyspnea, cyanosis of the comb, diarrhea, and fever. Postmortem lesions included pale liver and bloody enteritis. Newcastle disease virus was isolated from lungs, trachea, and intestines following inoculation in the allantoic cavity of 10-day-old fertile eggs; the NDV was identified by the means of HA&HI tests using specific NDV antisera (Lasota strain). The isolate agglutinated equine RBCs but failed to agglutinate sheep and bovine RBCs. The pathogenicity of the NDV isolate was studied, the mean death time was 96 hours, and the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) value was 0.9, indicating the isolate of lentogenic type.

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Takahashi, Hoyu, and Akira Shibata. "Agglutination of Platelet-Type von Willebrand’s Disease Platelets by Bovine von Willebrand Factor." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 53, no. 02 (1985): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1661274.

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SummaryIt has been shown that platelets from patients with platelet- type von Willebrand’s disease (vWD) agglutinate upon the addition of human von Willebrand factor (vWF) in the absence of ristocetin or botrocetin, suggesting that platelet membrane receptors for human vWF is abnormal. The present work reports the platelet agglutinability on stimulation with bovine vWF in platelet-type vWD. Platelets in patient platelet-rich plasma or washed platelet suspensions and patient platelets treated with formalin agglutinated in the presence of markedly lower concentrations of bovine vWF than those required for normal platelets. This finding provides additional evidence that platelet-type vWD platelets have abnormal expression of binding sites for vWF on their surface, and supports that platelet receptors for bovine vWF are identical or very close to those for human vWF.

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Elbashir, A. M., and Sally E. Millership. "Haemagglutinating activity ofAeromonasspp. from different sources; attempted use as a typing system." Epidemiology and Infection 102, no. 2 (April 1989): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800029897.

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SUMMARYThe haemagglutinating ability of 141 isolates ofAeromonasspp. for human. horse and guinea-pig erythrocytes was examined. Although the majority of isolates (136/141) agglutinated human group O erythrocytes, all the eight possible patterns of agglutination were observed. Haemagglutination of human group O erythrocytes. but not horse or guinea-pig, was associated with the ability to agglutinate yeast cells (Saccharomyces) and with aggregation in a low concentration of ammonium sulphate. Haemagglutinating ability was further characterized by reactions in the presence of mannose, galactose or fucose. All the possible patterns of inhibition with individual sugars were observed, but haemagglutination of human group O erythrocytes not inhibited by mannose, galactose or fucose was more common among isolates from patients with diarrhoea, and isolates producing a Vero cell cytotoxin than would be expected by chance. This might represent a virulence factor.

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Gokhale, S. M., and N. G. Mehta. "Concanavalin A binding to human erythrocytes leads to alterations in properties of the membrane skeleton." Biochemical Journal 241, no. 2 (January 15, 1987): 521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2410521.

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Three properties related to the erythrocyte membrane skeleton are found to be altered after the binding of concanavalin A (Con A) to erythrocytes or their isolated membranes. Con A binding to normal erythrocytes imparts resistance to heat (49 degrees C)-induced fragmentation of the cells. The fragmentation, due to denaturation of spectrin at 49 degrees C, is prevented by Con A in a dose-dependent manner, but levels off at concentrations of Con A in excess of 100 micrograms/ml. The binding of Con A to ghosts isolated from normal, trypsin- or Pronase-treated cells prevents (completely or substantially) the elution of the skeletal protein complex when the membranes are extracted under low-ionic-strength conditions in the cold. The Con A-agglutinated membranes of trypsin- and Pronase-treated, but not normal, cells show cross-linking of skeletal proteins and band 3 with dimethyl adipimidate, a 0.86 nm (8.6 A)-span bifunctional reagent. The extent of cross-linking is greater in the Pronase-treated membrane than in the less-agglutinable trypsin-treated membranes. The results show that, after Con A has bound, rearrangements occur in the membrane that alter properties of the skeletal proteins. Additionally, redistribution of the skeletal proteins and the Con A receptor occurs in the lectin-agglutinated membranes.

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Pring-Åkerblom, Patricia, Albert Heim, and F. E. John Trijssenaar. "Molecular Characterization of Hemagglutination Domains on the Fibers of Subgenus D Adenoviruses." Journal of Virology 72, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 2297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.3.2297-2304.1998.

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ABSTRACT The adenovirus fiber mediates the agglutination of erythrocytes. Based on differential hemagglutinating properties, subgenus D adenoviruses can be subdivided into clusters DI, DII, and DIII. While subgenus DI adenoviruses agglutinate rat and human erythrocytes, DII adenoviruses simply agglutinate rat erythrocytes and DIII adenoviruses display no or only weak rat erythrocyte agglutination. Amino acid sequence comparisons revealed distinct domains on the fiber knob which could be involved in hemagglutination. In order to localize and characterize the domains responsible for the interaction with rat and human erythrocytes, potential hemagglutination domains of the adenovirus type 9 (Ad9) (subgenus DI) fiber knob were introduced into Ad17 (subgenus DII) and Ad28 (subgenus DIII) fiber knobs by primer-directed mutagenesis. Furthermore, rat erythrocyte hemagglutination domains were also introduced into the Ad3 (subgenus B) fiber knob, which only agglutinated monkey erythrocytes. Altogether, 27 chimeric and mutated fiber proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and subsequently tested for hemagglutination activity. The hemagglutination tests revealed that at least two domains can mediate the agglutination of rat erythrocytes. While one domain is located on the GH loop, the other domain extends from the C β strand to the CD loop. The domain on the GH loop was partially conserved in all adenoviruses showing an incomplete hemagglutination pattern with rat erythrocytes. The domains involved in the agglutination of human erythrocytes are located on the CD and HI loops of the subgenus DI fiber knob.

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DALSGAARD, ANDERS, THYRA BJERGSKOV, VIBEKE FROM JEPPESEN, LARS BO JØRGENSEN, PETER ECHEVERRIA, and INGER DALSGAARD. "Prevalence and Characterization of Vibrio cholerae Isolated from Shrimp Products Imported into Denmark." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 694–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.7.694.

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A total of 3,555 metric tonnes of warm water shrimp were imported into Denmark from December 1994 to July 1995. V. cholerae O1 was not detected in any of the 748 samples analyzed. Non-O1 V. cholerae was found in a single (0.1 %) cooked frozen shrimp product and in five (0.7%) raw frozen products, all originating from shrimp produced in aquaculture. Six isolated strains agglutinated in polyvalent O antisera, but did not agglutinate in Ogawa or Inaba antisera. The six strains were resistant to colistin and sulfisoxazole; three strains also showed resistance to ampicillin. None of the strains contained plasmids or genes encoding cholera toxin (CT) or heat-stable enterotoxin (NAG-ST). The absence of V. cholerae O1 and the low number of samples containing CT and NAG-ST negative non-O1 strains in imported shrimp suggest that V. cholerae in such products may not constitute a public health problem.

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Allen, Kathryn, Stephen Roberts, and John W. Murray. "Marginal marine agglutinated foraminifera: affinities for mineral phases." Journal of Micropalaeontology 18, no. 2 (December 1, 1999): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.18.2.183.

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Abstract. The major agglutinated constituents in test material of marginal marine foraminifera are identified as α-quartz and clay particles using complementary spectroscopic techniques. Electron dispersive scattering analysis, micro-laser Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques revealed detail about elemental and mineral polymorph constituents in test walls. Additionally, FTIR identifies the existence of organic cements and lining materials in wall structures. Micro-laser Raman specifically characterized the titanium oxide mineral, anatase, as a distinctive fraction of agglutinate in Ammobaculites balkwilli Haynes. The mineral represents ≈10% of the test material, but comprises a minor component of the sediment and is identified in sediments only after heavy mineral separation. The enhanced concentration of anatase in the test of A. balkwilli suggests that there is a preferential selection for anatase. This provides further evidence that certain foraminifera can select grains specifically, which implies that there exists a selective mechanism and interaction between the organic (secreted) phases in the test walls and inorganic (grain surface) materials.

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WILSON, B., and H. VINCENT. "Benthonic foraminifera in the Upper Miocene Cruse Formation at Quinam Bay, Trinidad, western tropical Atlantic Ocean, and their palaeoenvironmental significance." Geological Magazine 151, no. 3 (July 3, 2013): 550–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756813000496.

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AbstractThe Upper Miocene Cruse Formation of Trinidad yields predominantly agglutinated foraminifera. The limited assemblage has previously hampered palaeoenvironmental interpretations. Twenty-two samples taken from a basal Cruse section at 0.5 m intervals from Quinam Bay (10°05′07.7″N, 61°45′04.7″W) yielded 2938 foraminifera in 33 species, almost all agglutinated. The absence of calcite-cemented agglutinants suggests post-mortem dissolution of calcareous specimens. Dominant Spirosigmoilinella compressa indicates lower bathyal to abyssal palaeodepths, although the low values of the information function H are typical of shallower water. Subdominant Haplophragmoides carinatus and Haplophragmoides sp. 1 indicate low dissolved oxygen levels. Diversities measured using species richness S and H were especially low in the lowest 3.5 m of the section. The proportional abundance of the dominant species in each sample, max(pi), indicated three subsections, being low in the middle of the section but higher at the top and bottom. SHE analysis indicated six abundance biozones (ABs) containing one to seven samples each. Of the three ABs with more than three samples, two had Type 1 community structures and one had a Type 0 community structure. ABs with one or two samples indicate that environmental change at the top of the interval with low diversity is rapid. This is reflected in a change from abundant morphotype M3a (surficial epifauna flattened) at the base of the section to abundant M4a (shallow infauna planispiral) with M4b (deep infaunal) towards the top, which shows a downward shift in the position of the redox front part way through the section.

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Scheuerpflug, Ina, Thomas Rudel, Roland Ryll, Jasmine Pandit, and Thomas F. Meyer. "Roles of PilC and PilE Proteins in Pilus-Mediated Adherence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis to Human Erythrocytes and Endothelial and Epithelial Cells." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 834–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.2.834-843.1999.

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ABSTRACT Unlike other type 4 pili, the neisserial pili consist of at least two distinct proteins, the highly variable major subunit PilE forming the pilus fiber and the tip-associated adhesin PilC. PilC protein purified either from gonococci or from Escherichia coliinteracted with different human epithelial cell lines, primary epithelial and endothelial cells. The binding of PilC protein efficiently prevented the attachment of piliated Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis to these cell types. Fluorescent beads coated with pili prepared from piliated wild-type N. gonorrhoeae also adhered to these cells, in contrast to beads coated with pili prepared from a piliated PilC-deficient mutant. In the latter case, the binding of fluorescent beads was restored after pretreatment of the pilus-loaded beads with purified PilC. Piliated wild-type N. gonorrhoeae, the piliated PilC-deficient mutant, and N. gonorrhoeae pili assembled in Pseudomonas aeruginosa agglutinated human erythrocytes, while nonpiliated gonococci did not. Consistently, purified PilC did not agglutinate or bind to human erythrocytes, suggesting that N. gonorrhoeae PilE is responsible for pilus-mediated hemagglutination.

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Vincenzi, Massimo De, Maria Rita Dessi, Claudio Giovannini, Alfredo Cantafora, and Vincenzo Pavone. "Cell Agglutinating Activity of A-Gliadin-Related Synthetic Peptides." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 22, no. 2 (March 1994): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299402200205.

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Previous studies have suggested that various A-gliadin-derived peptides actively agglutinate K562CS) cells. These active peptides showed the following common sequences: pro-ser-gln-gln and gln-gln-gln-pro. In this study, we have synthesised and tested the following toxic fragments: the peptide with the 31–55 amino acid sequence, which contains both the toxic sequences, and the peptides 31–43 and 44–55, which contain the sequences gln-gln-gln-pro, and pro-ser-gln-gln, respectively. Both the peptides with either the gln-gln-gln-pro or pro-ser-gln-gln sequences were active in agglutinating all cells. However, the peptide 44–55 agglutinated 100% of the cells at a concentration two times greater than the peptide 31–43. This suggests a relationship between the gln-gln-gln-pro and pro-ser-gln-gln sequences and the damaging effect of gliadins on the coeliac small intestine in individuals affected by coeliac disease. Moreover mannan and oligomers of N-acetylglucosamine were found to be able to prevent the cell-agglutinating activity of the active peptides.

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Ruvoën-Clouet, Nathalie, Jean Pierre Ganière, Geneviève André-Fontaine, Dominique Blanchard, and Jacques Le Pendu. "Binding of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus to Antigens of the ABH Histo-Blood Group Family." Journal of Virology 74, no. 24 (December 15, 2000): 11950–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.24.11950-11954.2000.

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ABSTRACT The ability of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus to agglutinate human erythrocytes and to attach to rabbit epithelial cells of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts was shown to depend on the presence of ABH blood group antigens. Indeed, agglutination was inhibited by saliva from secretor individuals but not from nonsecretors, the latter being devoid of H antigen. In addition, erythrocytes of the rare Bombay phenotype, which completely lack ABH antigens, were not agglutinated. Native viral particles from extracts of infected rabbit liver as well as virus-like particles from the recombinant virus capsid protein specifically bound to synthetic A and H type 2 blood group oligosaccharides. Both types of particles could attach to adult rabbit epithelial cells of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts. This binding paralleled that of anti-H type 2 blood group reagents and was inhibited by the H type 2-specific lectin UEA-I and polyacrylamide-conjugated H type 2 trisaccharide. Young rabbit tissues were almost devoid of A and H type 2 antigens, and only very weak binding of virus particles could be obtained on these tissues.

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Mitchell, S. F. "Foraminiferal assemblages from the late Lower and Middle Cenomanian of Speeton (North Yorkshire, UK): relationships with sea-level fluctuations and watermass distribution." Journal of Micropalaeontology 15, no. 1 (April 1, 1996): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.15.1.37.

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Abstract. Twenty-seven marl samples from the late Lower and Middle Cenomanian of Speeton (North Yorkshire, UK) have been studied and six benthic foraminiferal assemblages (A to F) have been recognized by cluster analysis. These assemblages can be classified according to their constituent agglutinated foraminifera. Assemblages characterized by high abundances of non-calcareous agglutinates (A and E) have low numbers of planktics and are associated with cold-water pulse faunas of mid Russian affinity (belemnites, brachiopods and bivalves). These are interpreted as representing a cold North Sea watermass. Assemblages characterized by high abundances of planktics (B and C) are associated with pulse faunas that lack cold-water elements and are interpreted as representing a warm watermass. The foraminiferal assemblages are also related to sea-level fluctuations and individual assemblages were probably depth controlled. The assemblages can. therefore, be used to construct a sea-level curve and this agrees with the placement of critical sequence stratigraphic surfaces (e.g. sequence boundaries and flooding surfaces).

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Bhattacharjee, Dola, B. C. Choudhury, K. Sivakumar, Charu Sharma, Sajan John, Satyaranjan Behera, Subrata Behera, and Punyasloke Bhadury. "Benthic foraminifera assemblages in turtle congregation sites along the north-east coast of India." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 4 (October 24, 2012): 877–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315412001440.

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Near-shore recent benthic foraminifera from three ecologically important (Olive Ridley turtle congregation sites) but vulnerable sites encompassing 23 sampling stations (12 in Rushikulya, 5 in Devi and 6 in Gahirmatha) along coastal Orissa, north-west Bay of Bengal (BoB) in India were studied for the first time for their composition, distribution and assemblage patterns. Thirty-nine species of benthic foraminifers (from 6 orders and 23 families) were identified of which all 39 were present in Rushikulya, 22 in Devi and 12 in Gahirmatha with abundance ranging from 35–2620 individuals/10 cm3 in the sediments. The communities across the sites were dominated by eurytopic rotalids followed by miliolids and textularids. Benthic foraminifer assemblages were found to be dominated by Ammonia species complex (up to 38% in Rushikulya, 64% in Devi and 22% in Gahirmatha). Agglutinated foraminifers were infrequent in the sediments (7 species in Rushikulya, 4 species in Devi and 3 in Gahirmatha) on the other hand, being dominated by Quinqueloculina agglutinans in Rushikulya and Trochammina macrescens and Ammobaculites agglutinans in Devi and Gahirmatha. The substrates along the study sites were found mostly to be sand dominated and in some of the stations sediment composition influenced the foraminifer distribution pattern. The present findings on the assemblage patterns of benthic foraminifers from three coastal settings in Orissa along the BoB are comparable with previous reports from other sandy coastal ecosystems in the world. Overall these data provide valuable insights into the distribution and assemblage patterns of benthic foraminifers from the BoB coastal regions.

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Chengula, Augustino Alfred, Stephen Mutoloki, Øystein Evensen, and Hetron Mweemba Munang’andu. "Tilapia Lake Virus Does Not Hemagglutinate Avian and Piscine Erythrocytes and NH4Cl Does Not Inhibit Viral Replication In Vitro." Viruses 11, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11121152.

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Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) icosahedral virus classified to be the only member in the family Amnoonviridae. Although TiLV segment-1 shares homology with the influenza C virus PB1 and has four conserved motifs similar to influenza A, B, and C polymerases, it is unknown whether there are other properties shared between TiLV and orthomyxovirus. In the present study, we wanted to determine whether TiLV agglutinated avian and piscine erythrocytes, and whether its replication was inhibited by lysosomotropic agents, such as ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), as seen for orthomyxoviruses. Our findings showed that influenza virus strain A/Puerto Rico/8 (PR8) was able to hemagglutinate turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L), and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) red blood cells (RBCs), while infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) only agglutinated Atlantic salmon, but not turkey or tilapia, RBCs. In contrast to PR8 and ISAV, TiLV did not agglutinate turkey, Atlantic salmon, or tilapia RBCs. qRT-PCR analysis showed that 30 mM NH4Cl, a basic lysosomotropic agent, neither inhibited nor enhanced TiLV replication in E-11 cells. There was no difference in viral quantities in the infected cells with or without NH4Cl treatment during virus adsorption or at 1, 2, and 3 h post-infection. Given that hemagglutinin proteins that bind RBCs also serve as ligands that bind host cells during virus entry leading to endocytosis in orthomyxoviruses, the data presented here suggest that TiLV may use mechanisms that are different from orthomyxoviruses for entry and replication in host cells. Therefore, future studies should seek to elucidate the mechanisms used by TiLV for entry into host cells and to determine its mode of replication in infected cells.

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Guimarães, Allan Jefferson, Susana Frases, Bruno Pontes, Mariana Duarte de Cerqueira, Marcio L. Rodrigues, Nathan Bessa Viana, Leonardo Nimrichter, and Joshua Daniel Nosanchuk. "Agglutination ofHistoplasma capsulatumby IgG Monoclonal Antibodies against Hsp60 Impacts Macrophage Effector Functions." Infection and Immunity 79, no. 2 (December 6, 2010): 918–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00673-10.

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ABSTRACTHistoplasma capsulatumcan efficiently survive within macrophages, facilitatingH. capsulatumtranslocation from the lung into the lymphatics and bloodstream. We have recently generated monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to anH. capsulatumsurface-expressed heat shock protein of 60 kDa (Hsp60) that modify disease in a murine histoplasmosis model. Interestingly, the MAbs induced different degrees of yeast cell agglutinationin vitro. In the present study, we characterized the agglutination effects of the antibodies to Hsp60 onH. capsulatumyeast cells by light microscopy, flow cytometry, dynamic light scattering, measuring zeta potential, and using optical tweezers. We found that immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs) to Hsp60 causeH. capsulatumaggregation dependent on the (i) concentration of MAbs, (ii) MAb binding constant, and (iii) IgG subclass. Furthermore, infection of macrophages using agglutinates of various sizes after incubation with different Hsp60-binding MAbs induced association to macrophages through distinct cellular receptors and differentially affected macrophage antifungal functions. Hence, the capacity of IgG MAbs to agglutinateH. capsulatumsignificantly impacted pathogenic mechanisms ofH. capsulatumduring macrophage infection, and the effect was dependent on the antibody subclass and antigen epitope.

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Charuk, J. H. M., S. Howlett, and M. Michalak. "Subfractionation of cardiac sarcolemma with wheat-germ agglutinin." Biochemical Journal 264, no. 3 (December 15, 1989): 885–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2640885.

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The properties of highly purified bovine cardiac sarcolemma subfractionated with the lectin, wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA) were studied. Two different membrane subfractions were isolated, one which was agglutinated in the presence of 1.0 mg of WGA/mg of protein (WGA+ vesicles) and a second fraction which failed to agglutinate (WGA- vesicles). These two membrane fractions had quantitatively different rates of Na+/K+-dependent, ouabain-sensitive ATPase and Na+/Ca2+ exchange activities, yet a similar protein composition, which suggests that they were both derived from the plasma membrane. WGA- vesicles had a decreased number of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate-binding sites and no detectable [3H]nitrendipine-binding sites. Electron-microscopic and freeze-fracture analysis showed that the WGA+ fraction was composed of typical spherical sarcolemmal vesicles, whereas the WGA- fraction primarily contained elongated tubular structures suggestive of the T-tubule vesicles which were previously isolated from skeletal muscle. Assays of marker enzymes revealed that these fractions were neither sarcoplasmic reticulum nor plasma membrane from endothelial cells. Moreover, WGA agglutination did not result in the separation of right-side-out and inside-out vesicles. On the basis of these findings we propose that the WGA+ fraction corresponds to highly purified sarcolemma, whereas the WGA- fraction may be derived from T-tubule membranes.

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Jennings, LK, DR Phillips, and WS Walker. "Monoclonal antibodies to human platelet glycoprotein IIb beta that initiate distinct platelet responses." Blood 65, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 1112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v65.5.1112.1112.

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Abstract Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to human platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb (GPIIb) were prepared by fusing cells of a mouse myeloma line to spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse immunized with purified GPIIb. Six of the hybridomas secreted MoAbs that recognized epitopes on the 23,000-dalton, disulfide-linked subunit of GPIIb, GPIIb beta. All six of these MoAbs agglutinated platelets in the absence of calcium. The agglutination titers of three of the MoAbs, however, were enhanced between 2 and 6 log2 dilutions when titrated in the presence of mmol/L of calcium. The enhancement in titer was the result of MoAb- induced platelet activation followed by platelet aggregation, a reaction that could also be initiated by the monovalent Fab fragments prepared from one of the MoAbs. The MoAbs did not significantly agglutinate platelets from patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, confirming biochemical evidence that there is a paucity of GPIIb beta in the membranes of these cells. Our results show that MoAbs to epitopes on GPIIb beta initiate distinct platelet responses; therefore, they should be useful for studying the ways in which regions of surface glycoproteins are involved in platelet-platelet interactions. In addition, these reagents may prove of value in diagnosing and typing patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia.

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Jennings, LK, DR Phillips, and WS Walker. "Monoclonal antibodies to human platelet glycoprotein IIb beta that initiate distinct platelet responses." Blood 65, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 1112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v65.5.1112.bloodjournal6551112.

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Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to human platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb (GPIIb) were prepared by fusing cells of a mouse myeloma line to spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse immunized with purified GPIIb. Six of the hybridomas secreted MoAbs that recognized epitopes on the 23,000-dalton, disulfide-linked subunit of GPIIb, GPIIb beta. All six of these MoAbs agglutinated platelets in the absence of calcium. The agglutination titers of three of the MoAbs, however, were enhanced between 2 and 6 log2 dilutions when titrated in the presence of mmol/L of calcium. The enhancement in titer was the result of MoAb- induced platelet activation followed by platelet aggregation, a reaction that could also be initiated by the monovalent Fab fragments prepared from one of the MoAbs. The MoAbs did not significantly agglutinate platelets from patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, confirming biochemical evidence that there is a paucity of GPIIb beta in the membranes of these cells. Our results show that MoAbs to epitopes on GPIIb beta initiate distinct platelet responses; therefore, they should be useful for studying the ways in which regions of surface glycoproteins are involved in platelet-platelet interactions. In addition, these reagents may prove of value in diagnosing and typing patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia.

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28

Hung, Le Dinh, and Dinh Thanh Trung. "Characterization of the C-type lectin from the marine sponge (Stylissa flexibilis)." Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology 17, no. 4 (November 2, 2020): 729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1811-4989/17/4/14649.

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A lectin from the marine sponge Stylissa flexibilis, designated as SFL, was purified by cold ethanol precipitation followed by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE Sepharose column and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration. SFL is a dimeric glycoprotein of 32 kDa subunits linked by a disulfide bridge with a molecular mass of 64 kDa by SDS-PAGE and 65 kDa by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration chromatography. The lectin preferentially agglutinated enzyme treated human A erythrocytes, whereas it did not agglutinate any type of rabbit, human B and O erythrocytes, irrespective of treatment with enzymes. The hemagglutination activity of lectin was strongly inhibited by monosaccharide, D-galactose and glycoproteins, asialo-porcine stomach mucin and asialo-fetuin, indicating that lectin is specific for O-glycans. Activity of SFL was stable over a range of pH from 5 to 8, up to 60 °C for 30 min and its activity was Ca2+ dependent, indicating that SFL was belonged to the C-type lectin family and requires metal for biological activity. SFL caused agglutination of Vibrio alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus in a dose dependent manner and inhibited the growth rate of these bacterial strains, suggesting that the lectin caused the agglutination through binding to the target receptor(s) on the surface of Vibrios. Thus, SFL can be considered as a good source of lectin(s) being useful as carbohydrate probe and antibacterial reagent.

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29

DALSGAARD, ANDERS, JAN MAZUR, and INGER DALSGAARD. "Misidentification of Vibrio cholerae O155 Isolated from Imported Shrimp as O Serogroup O139 due to Cross-Agglutination with Commercial O139 Antisera." Journal of Food Protection 65, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 670–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.4.670.

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Fish and shellfish products imported into Denmark are routinely analyzed for pathogenic Vibrio spp., particularly Vibrio cholerae, if products originate from subtropical or tropical areas. A V. cholerae strain that agglutinated commercial O139 antiserum but not the O1, Inaba, or Ogawa antisera was isolated from imported raw frozen shrimp. The toxigenicity of the strain was analyzed, and the results of a polymerase chain reaction showed that the V. cholerae strain did not contain the virulence genes ctx, tcpA, and zot, which are normally found in V. cholerae O1 and O139. The strain was resistant to colistin and spectinomycin. The high susceptibility of the strain to antimicrobial agents was confirmed by the lack of an SXT element, a self-transmissible, chromosomal genetic element that is normally present in O139 strains and encodes resistance to sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and streptomycin. The strain contained two plasmids, in contrast to other O139 strains, which normally do not contain plasmids. The characteristics of the strain led to further agglutination testing with other antisera that are not commercially available, and the strain was found to agglutinate O155 antiserum in repeated testing. Manufacturers of O139 antiserum should be aware of the closely related O antigens of the O139, O22, and O155 serogroups and should be aware that their commercial diagnostic O139 antiserum must be absorbed to remove cross-reacting agglutinins of O22 and O155 strains.

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30

Chocron, Michael, Noémie Capart, and Vanessa de Matteis. "Agglutinated Object and Unrepresented Memories." Recherches en psychanalyse 25, no. 1 (2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rep1.025.0045.

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31

Barnard, Amanda S. "Self-assembly in nanodiamond agglutinates." Journal of Materials Chemistry 18, no. 34 (2008): 4038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b809188a.

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32

Bacharach, Verne R. "Agglutinated Readings in Cognitive Development." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 42, no. 10 (October 1997): 926–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/000113.

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33

Furuta, Emiko, Takashi Takagi, Keiichiro Yamaguchi, and Atsumi Shimozawa. "Incilaria mucus agglutinated human erythrocytes." Journal of Experimental Zoology 271, no. 5 (April 1, 1995): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.1402710503.

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34

Taylor, M. L., E. Duarte-escalante, A. Pérez, E. Zenteno, and C. Toriello. "Histoplasmacapsulatumyeast cells attach and agglutinate human erythrocytes." Medical Mycology 42, no. 3 (January 2004): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13693780310001644734.

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35

Sen, S., D. Butts, C. S. Ray, G. B. Thompson, R. A. Morris, and J. S. O’Dell. "Production of high fidelity lunar agglutinate simulant." Advances in Space Research 47, no. 11 (June 2011): 1912–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2011.02.005.

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36

Capotondi, Lucilla, Nicoletta Mancin, Valentina Cesari, Enrico Dinelli, Mariangela Ravaioli, and Francesco Riminucci. "Recent agglutinated foraminifera from the North Adriatic Sea: What the agglutinated tests can tell." Marine Micropaleontology 147 (March 2019): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2019.01.006.

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37

A., Wilches Torres, Rojas Caraballo J., Sanabria E., Reyes MontaÑo E, FernÁndez Alonso Jl, Varrot A., Imberty A., and Vega N. "PURIFICATION AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A T/TN SPECIFIC LECTIN FROM LEPECHINIA BULLATA SEEDS (LAMIACEAE)." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 10 (November 1, 2017): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i11.21514.

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Objective: This study focused on purifying and characterizing a lectin from Lepechinia bullata (L. bullata) seeds, and determining its specificity towards tumour-associated carbohydrate-antigens.Methods: Pigments were removed by washing the seeds with NH4OH 0.1 M pH 9.4 and treating the crude extracts with Pectinex®. The purification procedure consisted of anion exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sephadex followed by affinity chromatography. For the characterization, the phase was used polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS-PAGE), isoelectric focusing, hemagglutination assays, enzyme-linked lectinosorbent assay (ELLA) and thermal shift assay (TSA).Results: 6.2 mg of lectin were obtained from 100 g of seeds. It was able to agglutinate enzymatically treated erythrocytes with a minimal required lectin concentration of 7 μg. ml-1. Strong binding to asialo bovine submaxillary mucine (aBSM) was determined, corroborating Tn recognition.The isoelectric focusing showed a unique band at pH 8.5. Lectin pure shown bands at 28, 48 and 93 kDa by SDS-PAGE, with an incomplete dissociation of the last species despite trying several reduction conditions. By preparative electrophoresis under different conditions, three species were observed too, in all fractions one band at 28 kDa on Tricine-PAGE in reducing and no reducing conditions were found.Amino acid composition, carbohydrate content, thermal stability and Ca2+and Mn2+requirements were determined. N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and desialylated mucins inhibited the agglutinant activity on human cells. Fetuin inhibited hemagglutination of rabbit erythrocytes.Conclusion: A new lectin was isolated and characterized from L. bullata seeds, it recognizes T/Tn antigen and shows some similarities with other Lamiaceae lectins.

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38

Howard, R. J., and J. W. Barnwell. "Immunochemical analysis of surface membrane antigens on erythrocytes infected with non-cloned SICA[ + ] or cloned SICA[ − ]Plasmodium knowlesi." Parasitology 91, no. 2 (October 1985): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000057346.

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The SICA[ − ] or non-agglutinable phenotype ofPlasmodium knowlesischizont-infected erythrocytes has been defined serologically but not biochemically. Similarly, non-cloned SICA[ + ] or agglutinable parasites have been shown serologically to express SICA or variant antigen(s) but the number and nature of such antigens have not been defined. Here we describe the immunochemical analysis of surface antigen expression on [125I]lactoperoxidase-labelled erythrocytes infected either with a SICA[ − ] elone or with non-cloned SICA[ + ] parasites using the methods developed for identification of variant antigens with cloned SICA[ + ] parasites. No125I-labelled antigens in the size range Mr190000–225000 were specifically immunoprecipitated from erythrocytes infected with the SICA[ − ] elone, even using homologous antisera produced by multiple infections or immunizations. Further, no125I-labelled proteins of this size were seen in detergent extracts of the SICA[ −] parasites that were not also seen with uninfected cells. We conclude that the SICA[ − ] phenotype reflects the absence of a variant antigen at the erythrocyte surface, as predicted by the serological assays. In contrast, with the non-cloned SICA[ + ] parasites, a complex group of proteins, Mr195000–225000, was identified by [125I]lactoperoxidase labelling of intact infected erythrocytes. These proteins are SICA antigens since they not only share the characteristic detergent solubility properties and size range of SICA antigens identified previously with SICA[ + ] clones, but they were only immunoprecipitated by antisera which reacted specifically with the surface of infected erythrocytes. Agglutinating sera immunoprecipitated several of these125I-labelled antigens. Sera specific for clones derived from this non-cloned SICA[ + ] population failed to agglutinate, but did react by indirect immunofluorescence with 10–16% of infected cells. These sera specifically immunoprecipitated single, quantitatively minor125I-labelled antigens in this size range. The results suggest that a population of non-cloned SICA[+] parasites contains at least 10 different variant-antigen phenotypes. Indirect immunofluorescence was also performed against a non-cloned SICA[ + ] population derived by antigenic variation of a SICA[ + ] clonein vivo. The variant population contained at least 3 antigenically distinct SICA phenotypes, indicating that antigenic variation of clones may produce populations as antigenically heterogenous as antigenic variation of uncloned lines. It is therefore likely that natural malaria isolates contain a large number of different variant antigens.

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Shkuratov, Yu G., V. G. Kaydash, L. V. Starukhina, and C. M. Pieters. "Lunar surface agglutinates: Mapping composition anomalies." Solar System Research 41, no. 3 (June 2007): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s003809460703001x.

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40

Kaminski, Michael A., Alfred Uchman, and Andrew K. Rindsberg. "Arthrodendron maguricum n. sp., a new larger agglutinated foraminifer from the Eocene Magura flysch of the Polish Carpathians and its relationship to komokiaceans and trace fossils." Journal of Paleontology 84, no. 6 (November 2010): 1015–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/09-029.1.

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Arthrodendron maguricum n. sp. is described from deep-sea flysch of the lower Eocene Życzanów Conglomerate Member of the Szczawnica Formation (Magura Unit) in the Polish Carpathians. Arthrodendron maguricum is a larger agglutinated foraminifer showing regular, tubular chambers that may branch dichotomously. Its wall is tripartite and composed of an outer organic-rich layer, a main agglutinated layer, and an internal organic-rich layer. The organism evidently lived as epibenthos on the muddy sea floor. Because of their branching morphology and comparatively large dimensions, larger agglutinated foraminifera of the genus Arthrodendron have previously been confused with algae and trace fossils. Care should be taken in such cases to resolve the agglutinated wall and chambers of this deep-water agglutinated foraminifer. Arthrodendron maguricum displays superficial similarities to some modern komokiaceans, especially to Septuma. Further investigations are needed for clarification of their affinities and possible taxonomic consequences.

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Loeblich, Alfred R., and Helen Tappan. "Implications of wall composition and structure in agglutinated foraminifers." Journal of Paleontology 63, no. 6 (November 1989): 769–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000036477.

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The foraminiferal suborder Astrorhizina is reinstated for the typically monothalamous agglutinated taxa whose cementing material is solely organic, the suborder Haplophragmiina reinstated for multilocular agglutinated taxa with organic cement and simple to alveolar walls. The suborder Trochamminina is recognized for those with organic cement and simple agglutinated walls, and the suborder Textulariina is restricted to include only those with agglutinated walls containing biogenic calcareous cement, and typically canaliculate. In the latter suborder, the new genera Connemarella, type species Gaudryina rudis Wright, and Hemlebenia, type species Hemlebenia aptiensis n. sp., are described in the expanded family Pseudogaudryinidae, subfamily Pseudogaudryininae, whose geologic range thereby is extended into the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian).

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42

Ofek, Itzhak, Adi Mesika, Moshe Kalina, Yona Keisari, Ranier Podschun, Hany Sahly, Donald Chang, David McGregor, and Erika Crouch. "Surfactant Protein D Enhances Phagocytosis and Killing of Unencapsulated Phase Variants of Klebsiella pneumoniae." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.1.24-33.2001.

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ABSTRACT Pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a collagenous C-type lectin (collectin) that is secreted into the alveoli and distal airways of the lung. We have studied the interactions of SP-D and alveolar macrophages with Klebsiella pneumoniae, a common cause of nosocomial pneumonia. SP-D does not agglutinate encapsulated K. pneumoniae but selectively agglutinates spontaneous, unencapsulated phase variants, such as Klebsiella strain K50-3OF, through interactions with their lipopolysaccharides (LPS). These effects are calcium dependent and inhibited with maltose but not lactose, consistent with involvement of the SP-D carbohydrate recognition domain. Precoating of K50-3OF with SP-D enhances the phagocytosis and killing of these organisms by rat alveolar macrophages in cell culture and stimulates the production of nitric oxide by the NR-8383 rat alveolar macrophage cell line. SP-D similarly enhances the NO response to K50-3OF LPS adsorbed to Latex beads under conditions where soluble LPS or SP-D, or soluble complexes of SP-D and LPS, do not stimulate NO production. Our studies demonstrate that interactions of SP-D with exposed arrays of Klebsiella LPS on a particulate surface can enhance the host defense activities of alveolar macrophages and suggest that activation of macrophages by SP-D requires binding to microorganisms or other particulate ligands. Because unencapsulated phase variants are likely to be responsible for the initial stages of tissue invasion and infection, we speculate that SP-D-mediated agglutination and/or opsonization of K. pneumoniae is an important defense mechanism for this respiratory pathogen in otherwise healthy individuals.

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Kwaan, Hau C., Brandon McMahon, Joshua Ruch, and Ivy Weiss. "An IgM Lambda Monoclonal Antibody in a Patient with Anti-Pr Cold Agglutinin Causing Erythrocyte Agglutination and Catastrophic Thrombosis." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 5378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.5378.5378.

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Abstract Erythrocyte agglutination causing microvascular occlusion is a rare albeit clinically significant event. This is seen in cold agglutinin disease and in cerebral malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. We studied a patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, characterized by massive hemolysis and the presence of both an anti-Pr antibody and a cold hemagglutinin. In addition, he suffered from catastrophic mesenteric ischemia necessitating surgical resection and extensive and multiple ischemia strokes. His surgical specimens, including colon, ileum and gall bladder, were studied with informed consent. Eluate from his agglutinated erythrocytes showed that he had an IgM lambda monoclonal antibody against the Pr antigen. The patient’s peripheral blood showed extensive erythrocyte agglutination that was worse at cold temperatures. H&E staining of the colon and ileum showed ischemia and necrosis with widespread microvascular occlusion caused by agglutinated erythrocytes. To characterize the intravascular agglutinated erythrocytes, immunoperoxidase staining was done and positive for IgM and lambda light chain and negative for IgG and kappa light chain. We thus concluded that the cold agglutinin on the intravascular agglutinated erythrocytes was an IgM lambda. To investigate why the circulating agglutinated erythrocytes resulted in widespread microvascular occlusion, we studied adhesive molecules including CD 62E (E-selectin), CD62P (P-selectin), CD54 (ICAM-1) and CD 106 (VCAM-1) and found all of them expressed on the agglutinated erythrocytes within the occluded vessels and on the endothelial cells of the involved vessels. The data suggests that the endothelial cells were activated at the site of vascular occlusion, thereby promoting adhesion of the agglutinated erythrocytes to the vascular endothelium.

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Gokhale, S. M., and N. G. Mehta. "Glycophorin A interferes in the agglutination of human erythrocytes by concanavalin A Explanation of the requirement for enzymic predigestion." Biochemical Journal 241, no. 2 (January 15, 1987): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2410505.

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Human erythrocytes become agglutinable with concanavalin A (Con A) after treatment with various proteinases or neuraminidase. The extent of agglutinability achieved with different enzymes is, however, different: Pronase, papain, trypsin, neuraminidase and chymotrypsin enhance the agglutinability in decreasing order, the last being barely effective. The actions of the enzymes on band 3, the Con A receptor, do not correlate with their abilities to increase the agglutinability: Pronase, papain and chymotrypsin cleave the protein, but not trypsin or neuraminidase. No significant differences are found in the number of Con A-binding sites or the affinities for the lectin between the normal and trypsin- or Pronase-treated cells. Thus the receptor does not seem to play a role in determining the Con A-agglutinability of erythrocytes. On the other hand, the cleavage of glycophorins, especially glycophorin A, and the release of sialic acid (in the peptide-bound form) are well-correlated with the enhancement in agglutination after the action of proteinases. The release of sialic acid by graded neuraminidase digestion and the increase in Con A-agglutinability show a correlation coefficient of 0.88. The major inhibitory role of glycophorin A in the process is indicated by the agglutination of En(a) heterozygous erythrocytes; the cells, known to bear about 50% glycophorin A molecules in their membrane, are agglutinated approximately half as well without proteolysis as are the trypsin-treated cells. Possible mechanisms by which glycophorin A could affect Con A-mediated agglutination are discussed.

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Umezu, Kohei, Shouhei Kurata, Hironori Takamori, Takashi Numabe, Yuuki Hiradate, Kenshiro Hara, and Kentaro Tanemura. "Characteristics and Possible Role of Bovine Sperm Head-to-Head Agglutination." Cells 9, no. 8 (August 9, 2020): 1865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9081865.

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Although sperm head-to-head agglutination has been reported in many mammalian species, the biological significance of this unique sperm–sperm interaction remains largely unknown. Here, we aimed to examine the functional characteristics of agglutinated bovine sperm to determine the possible role of sperm agglutination in the fertilization process. We initially examined temporal changes to the degree of head-to-head agglutination in culture, and found that bovine sperm agglutinated despite the lack of sperm agglutination inducers in medium. Sperm viability and motility were evaluated by SYBR14/PI and JC-1 staining, respectively, to identify the relationship between sperm agglutination and fertilizing ability. Agglutinated sperm had increased motility, viability, and intact mitochondrial function compared with unagglutinated sperm. Furthermore, we found that heparin significantly increased the percentage of unagglutinated sperm, but did not affect viability of both agglutinated and unagglutinated sperm, suggesting that sperm agglutination dictated the viability. In conclusion, agglutinated bovine sperm maintained viability and motility for a longer time than unagglutinated sperm. Thus, we propose that the head-to-head agglutination is a crucial sperm–sperm interaction to ensure the fertilizing ability of sperm.

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Kinoshita, Roy K., Karla M. Rivas-Rivera, and Samuel S. Bowser. "Tensegrity Architecture of an Agglutinated Foraminiferan Shell." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600026349.

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Shells of agglutinated foraminiferan protists are composed of mineral grains bound by secreted adhesives. As such, they are useful models for examining the evolution of “primitive” exoskeletons. Previous studies revealed the ultrastructure of shells in the giant Antarctic foraminiferan Astrammina rara and demonstrated that shucked specimens would reconstruct shells using glass beads. Here we further investigate shell architecture in this model species.For micromechanical testing, an intact A. rara shell was placed between a fixed plate and a facing plate in series with a calibrated load cell. Displacement was effected by a high-precision drive, and 2-3 loading cycles were used to determine shell material properties. to assay tensile properties of the adhesive matrix, a network of pseudopodia and extracellular matrix fibers (i.e., the shell adhesive component) was obtained by incubating shucked cell bodies on 200-mesh gold grids. Pseudopodia were subsequently removed by detergent washes. Fibers in the resultant isolated matrix were severed with a Nd: YAG laser using an inverted DIC light microscope equipped with a 60× objective lens. Preliminary loading experiments using glass needles showed that Sepharose 2B beads were suitable strain gauges to assess compression within reconstructed shells (Fig. 1). in this assay, shucked cell bodies were incubated with a mixture of glass and Sepharose beads, and the reconstructed shells were examined by SEM.Repeated loading and unloading demonstrated the elastic behavior of intact shells (Fig. 2). Adhesive matrix fibers snapped towards their attachment sites within 2 sec after cutting with a laser (Fig. 3), demonstrating that they are deployed under tension. SEM images of shells reconstructed with Sepharose show compressed particle profiles (Fig. 4).

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Noll, Volker. "The agglutinated Arabic article in Ibero-Romance." Iberoromania 2019, no. 90 (November 5, 2019): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iber-2019-0017.

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Abstract For almost a century, linguists have tried to explain why Ibero-Romance languages present loanwords with the Arabic article a-, al attached, whereas Italian, for example, does not. In the last decades, the thesis of berberised Arabic has been favoured, although it remains unclear how it worked. This article will determine the underlying linguistic mechanism for agglutination which finds a parallel in the way Berber languages treated Arabisms, with or without Arabic loanwords in Ibero-Romance necessarily depending on Berber influence.

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TUCKWELL, GEORGE WILLIAM, KATHRYN ALLEN, STEPHEN ROBERTS, and JOHN WILLIAM MURRAY. "Simple Models of Agglutinated Foraminifera Test Construction." Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 46, no. 3 (May 1999): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1999.tb05121.x.

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Burmistrova, I. I., T. A. Khusid, N. V. Belyaeva, and M. P. Chekhovskaya. "Agglutinated abyssal foraminifers of the equatorial pacific." Oceanology 47, no. 6 (December 2007): 824–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0001437007060070.

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Darmani, Homa, and W. Terence Coakley. "Contact patterns in concanavalin A agglutinated erythrocytes." Cell Biophysics 18, no. 1 (February 1991): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02990512.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Agglutinante'

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